Why is it that a eutectoid steel exhibits dierent yield strengths and % elongations, depending upon if it as

cooled slowly or relatively fast?

it is athermal: takes place when temperature goes below a critical temperature and it processes as long as
temperature decreases
Austenitize a steel specimen, quench in baths maintained at a temperature close to its expected Ms, heat it
gain but placing it in another bath maintained at a little higher temperature, and then quench in water after
holding it for some time. Repeat the same steps with different combination of the intermediate holding
temperatures. Polish etch and examine the microstructures under microscope. If martensite forms at the
first step cooling it will get tempered when it is put in higher temperature bath.Tempered martensite
etches easily and it appears dark under microscope. Amount tempered martensite can be estimated. Plot
%tempered martensite against intermediate quenching temperature. Extapolate it to 0% tempered
martensite. This gives an estimate of Ms. The experimental scheme is shown in the following figure for
eutectoid steel.

38. Why is it that a eutectoid steel exhibits different yield strengths and % elongations, depending upon if
it as cooled slowly or relatively fast?

62. In eutectic alloys, the eutectic microconstituent is generally the continuous one, but in the eutectoid
structures, the primary microconstituent is normally continuous. By describing the changes that
occur with decreasing temperature in each reaction, explain why this difference is expected.

66. If tempering results in the decomposition of martensite, why should we form martensite in the first
place?
Because the martensite formed near Ms, which has the opportunity of tempering during the
remainder of the quench. This phenomenon, which is referred to as auto-tempering, is clearly more
likely to occur in steels with a high Ms.
The process of decomposition of supersaturated tetragonal martensite during the first stage of
tempering is investigated by considering the characteristics of motion of a carbon atom from one
interstitial position to another within the martensite matrix. It is evident that not all the carbon atoms
take part simultaneously in the process of precipitation, some remain in solution for a longer time,
others shorter, some mobile, others stationary. By assuming that each transition from one state of
motion to another has a definite probability, which is independant of time and carbon concentration
but dependant on temperature and the nature of crystalline matrix, it can be shown that an isothermal
decomposition curve can be expressed as a series with exponential terms, the coefficients of which
are related to the distribution of carbon atoms in different states of motion. The agreement between
this expression and the existing experimental data is satisfactory. The general tendancy of the
variation of the coefficients with temperature is just what should be expected.