CH 1031 study guide for final exam

Daniele Ramella, 2016

Study guide for final exam.

This study guide is designed to help you review old and new material while preparing for the
final exam. For each chapter, you should first review the theory of each topic listed in the tables
by looking back at all the materials we have used during the semester and by trying to explain
the material to someone around you, and then approach the listed problems in order of difficulty.
In no way, going through this packet will be sufficient to prepare for the final exam, but it will be
a good way to make sure you are not overlooking some topics!

Topic

Matter, measurements and problem solving

Module OpenStax
Tros
Quiz
#
Textbook
Textbook
Prep
sections
section
packet
04
1.1
1.1-1.2
and 04
1.2-1.3
1.3-1.4
-

The scientific method

Physical properties
changes
SI, sig figs, dimensional
analysis

05-07

1.4-1.6

1.5-1.8

Assignments

Problem
number

Quiz 1
Math Test
Exam 1

1. Review practice packet #1 and all the calculations you performed in all your lab reports.

Atoms and Elements

Topic

Law of conservation of
mass, of definite proportions
and of multiple proportions
History of science: the
discovery of subatomic
particles
Atomic and mass numbers,
isotopes, the mole and
Avogadros number
Chemical
bonds
and
chemical formulas
Oxidation states, ionic and
covalent
bonds
and
nomenclature

Module
#
08

OpenStax
Textbook
sections
2.1

Tros
Textbook
section
2.1-2.2

08

2.2

09-10

Quiz
Prep
packet

Assignments

Problem
number

Exam 1

2, 5

2.3-2.6

2.3

2.7-2.9

Quiz 1
Exam 1

4, 6, 7

11

2.4

3.1-3.4

12-14

2.5-2.7

4.9
3.5-3.6

Quiz 2
Exam 1
Quiz 2
Exam 1

10, 12,
13, 14

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CH 1031 study guide for final exam

Daniele Ramella, 2016

2. A sample of chloroform is found to contain 12.0 g of carbon, 106.4 g of chlorine and 1.01 g of
hydrogen. If a second sample of chloroform contains 30.0 g of carbon, what is the total mass of
chloroform in the second sample?
3. In an experiment it was found that the total charge of an oil drop was 5.93x 10 -18. How many
negative charges does the drop contain?
4. Identify the following elements:
a.

31
15

b.

127
53

X
X

c.

39
19

d.

173
70

X
X

5. In a reaction, 34.0 g of chromium(III) oxide react with 12.1 g of aluminum to produce chromium
and aluminum oxide. If 23.3 g of chromium is produced, what mass of aluminum oxide will be
collected?
6. The diameter of a hydrogen atomis roughly 75 pm. Assume 1 mole of hydrogen atoms are lined
up next to each other. Would this line reach planet Mars (4x107 miles away from Earth)?
7. Challenge - you have two distinct gaseous compounds made from elements X and Y. The mass
per cents are as follows:
8.
Compound I: 30.43% X, 69.57% Y
9.
Compound II: 63.64% X, 36.36% Y
10.
In their natural standard states, element X and element Y exist as gases (mono, di,
triatomic is for you to determine). When you react gas X and gas Y to make the products, you
get the following data:
11.
1 volume of gas X + 2 volumes of gas Y 2 volumes of compound I
12.
2 volumes of gas X + 1 volume of gas Y 2 volumes of compound II
13.
Assume the simplest possible formulas for reactants and products in the chemical
equations above. Then, determine the relative atomic masses of element X and element Y.
14.
15.
16. Molecules, Compounds and Chemical Equations
17. Topic
18. M
19. O
22. Tr
24. Q
25. Assi
26. P
od
p
o
u
gnme
r
ule
e
s
i
nts
o
#
n
23. Te
z
b
S
xt
l
ta
bo
e
P
x
ok
m
r
20. T
se
e
e
cti
p
n
x
on
u
t
m
p
b
b
a
o
e
c
o
r
k
k
e
21. s
t
e
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CH 1031 study guide for final exam

27. Empirical
and
molecular
formulae,
elemental
analysis,
molecular mass
35. Solutions,
concentration,
solubility,
precipitation
reactions
44.

45.
46.

47.
48.

28. 12

Daniele Ramella, 2016

ct
i
o
n
s
29. 3.
1
3.
2

30. 3.
73.
9

36. Ad
de
nd
um

31. 3

32. Quiz
2
33. Exa
m1

34. 8
,
9
,
1
1
42. 1
6
,
1
7

37. 3.
38. 4.
39. 4
40. Quiz
3
43
4.
41. Exa
3.
7
m1
4
43.
Challenge - A 2.077-g sample of an element, which has an atomic mass between 40 and 55, reacts
with oxygen to form 3.708 g of an oxide. Identify the element, determine the formula of the oxide
and give it the appropriate name.
Natural rubidium has the average mass of 85.4678 and is composed of isotopes 85 ( mass =
84.9117 amu) and 87. The ratio of atoms 85Rb/87Rb in nature is 2.591. Calculate the mass of 87Rb.
The formulae for the compounds below are given. Assign to each compound its proper systematic
name:
a. Sugar of lead, Pb(C2H3O2)2
e. Milk of magnesia, Mg(OH)2
b. Blue vitrol, CuSO4
f. Gypsum, CaSO4
c. Quicklime, CaO
g. Laughing gas, N2O
d. Epsom salts, MgSO4
A compound containing only sulfur and nitrogen is 69.6% S by mass; the molar mass is 184
g/mol. What are the empirical and molecular formulae of this compound?
Give balanced chemical equations for each of the following chemical reactions:
a. Combustion of glucose (C6H12O6)
b. Ferric sulfide + hydrogen chloride ferric chloride and hydrogen gas
c. Carbon disulfide + ammonia hydrogen sulfide + ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN)
d.
e.
f. Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions
g. Topic
h.
i.
l.
n.
o.
p.
O
T
Qu
A
Pro
j.
Te

m.
T

k.
se

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CH 1031 study guide for final exam

q. Balancing
chemical
equations

Daniele Ramella, 2016

r.

s.
4.

t.
3

u.
4

v.
Q

x.
12,

w.
E
y. Acid/base,
combustion
and
gas
evolution
RXNs

z.

ag. OxidationReduction
RXNs

ah.

aa.
4.

ab.
4

ac.
-

ad.
Q

af.
-

ae.
E
ai.
4.

aj.
4

ak.
-

al.
Q

an.
-

am.
E
ao. Stoichiometr
y

ap.

aq.
4.

ar.
4

as.
4

at.
Q

av.
13,

au.
E
aw.
49. Ammonia is produced from the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen.
a. Write a balanced chemical equation for this process.
b. What is the maximum mass of ammonia that can be produced by a mixture of 1,000.
grams of N2 and 500. G of H2?
c. What mass of which starting material would remain unreacted?
50. Bornite (Cu3FeS3) is a copper ore used in the production of copper. When heated, it reacts with
oxygen gas to produce solid copper, ferrous oxide and sulfurous anhydride.
a. Write a complete, balanced chemical equation for this process.
b. If 2.50 metric tons (1 metric ton = 1,000 kg) of bornite is reacted with O 2 and the process
has an 86.3% yield of copper, what mass of copper is produced?
51. Challenge - A 2.25-g sample of Scandium metal is reacted with excess hydrochloric acid to
produce 0.1502 g of hydrogen gas. What is the formula of the produced scandium chloride solid?
52. Describe how you would prepare 2.00 L of each of the following solutions:
a. 0.250 M NaOh from solid NaOH
b. 0.250 M NaOH from 1.00 M NaOH stock solution
c. 0.100 M K2CrO4 from solid potassium percromate
d. 0.100 M K2CrO4 from 1.75 M K2CrO4 stock solution
53. What mass of solid aluminum hydroxide can be produced when 50.0 mL of Al(NO 3)3 is added to
200.0 mL of 0.100 M KOH?

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CH 1031 study guide for final exam

Daniele Ramella, 2016

a. Gases

b. Topic

c.
Le

d.
O

g.
T

e.
Te

h.
T

i.
Qu

j.
A

k.
Pro

f.
se
l.

s.

aa.

ab.
aj.

Pressure
and
pressure
units
Avogadros,
Boyles,
Charless
Laws and
ideal
gas
law
Molar mass,
volume and
density of a
gas
Partial
pressure
Stoichiomet
ry in the gas
phase

m.
19

n.
9.

o.
5

p.
-

q.
-

r.
-

t.
19

u.
9.

v.
5

w.
5,

x.
Q

z.
18,

y.
E
ac.
19-

ad.
9.

ae.
5

af.
5,

ag.
Q

ai.
18,

ah.
E
ak.
20

al.
9.

am.
5

an.
5,

ao.
Q

aq.
19

ap.
E
ar. Kinetic
Theory of
gases,
Grahams
Law,
effusion and
Diffusion
az. Real gases

as.
21

at.
9.

au.
5

av.
5,

aw.
Q

ay.
20,

ax.
E

ba.
22

bb.
9.

bc.
5

bd.
5,

be.
Q

bg.
-

bf.
E
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CH 1031 study guide for final exam

Daniele Ramella, 2016

bh.
54. Consider the three flasks in the diagram below. Assuming the connecting tubes have negligible
volumes, what is the partial pressure of each gas and the total pressure in the apparatus after all
the stopcocks are opened?
a.

b.
c.
55. Challenge - At STP, 1.0 l OF Br2 reacts completely with 3.0 L of F 2, producing 2.0 L of a product.
What is the formula of the product? Consider all substances to be gases.
56. Challenge Thorium (IV) fluoride has a boiling point of 1680 oC.
a. What is the mass of a sample of gaseous thorium (IV) fluoride at its boiling point under a
pressure of 2.5 atm in a 1.7-L container?
b. Which gas will effuse faster at 1680 oC, thorium(IV) fluoride or uranium (III) fluoride?
How much faster?
57. Freon-12 is used as a refrigerant in central home air conditioners. The rate of effusion of Freon-12
to Freon-11 (molam mass = 137.4 g/mol) is 1.07:1. Which of the following is the formula of
Freon-12? CF4, CF3Cl, CF2Cl2, CFCl3, CCl4?
a.
b.
c.

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CH 1031 study guide for final exam

e. Topic

Daniele Ramella, 2016

f.

d. Thermodynamics
g.
j.
O
T
h.
T

l.
Qui

m.
A

n.
Pro

k.
T

i.
s
o. Energy,
p.
q.
s.
t.
u.
x.
first law of
5
6.
6,
Q
22,
thermodyna
mics, work
r.
v.
and
heat,
I
E
constant
volume
w.
calorimetry
y. State
z.
aa.
ab.
ac.
ad.
af.
functions,
5
6.
6,
Q
25
enthalpy
and
ae.
constant
E
pressure
calorimetry
ag. Heat
of
ah.
ai.
aj.
al.
am.
ao.
reaction,
5
6.
6,
Q
24,
enthalpy of
formation,
ak.
an.
bond
9.
E
enthalpy
and Hesss
Law
ap.
58. A balloon filled with 39.1 mol of helium has a volume of 876 L at 1.00 atm. The balloon absorbs
30.9 kJ of heat as it expands to a volume of 998 L, the pressure remaining constant. Calculate q,
w and E for the helium in the balloon.
59. Consider a mixture of air and gasoline vapor in a cylinder with a piston. The original volume is
40. cm3. If the combustion of this mixture releases 950.0 J of energy, to what volume will the
gases expand against a pressure of 650. Torr if the process is adiabatic?
60. The Ostwald process for the commercial production of nitric acid from ammonia and oxygen
involves the following steps:
a.
4NH3 (g) + 5O2 (g) 4NO (g) + 6H2O (g)
b.
2NO (g) + O2 (g) 2NO2(g)
c.
3NO2 (g) + H2O (l) 2HNO3 (aq) + NO (g)
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CH 1031 study guide for final exam

Daniele Ramella, 2016

a. Use the values of enthalpy of formation found in your book to calculate the HRXN for each of
the preceding steps.
b. Write the overall equation for the production of nitric acid (water is also a product). Is the
overall process endo- or exothermic?
61. The overall reaction in a commercial heat pack canbe represented as follows:
a.
4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) 2Fe2O3(s)
H = -1652 kJ
b. How much heat is released when 4.00 moles of iron is reacted with excess of O 2?
c. How much heat is released when 1.00 mole of Fe2O3 is produced?
d. How much heat is released when 1.00 g of iron is reacted with excess O 2?
62. Challenge - Solar panel technology has greatly improved in the past few years, but in 2010 they
were only about 15% efficient in converting sunlight to electricity. A typical home will use about
40. kWh of electricity per day. Assuming 8.0 hours of useful sunlight per day, and knowing that
the sun supplies energy of a rate of 1.0 kW per square meter of surface, calculate the minimum
solar panel area necessary to provide all of the typical homes electricity.
a.
b.
c.

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CH 1031 study guide for final exam

e. Topic

Daniele Ramella, 2016

d. The quantum-mechanical model of the atom

f.
h.
k.
m.
g.
O
T
Qu
i.
Te

n.
A

o.
Pro

u.
Q

w.
27,

l.
T

j.
se
p. Light
and
waves, the
particle
nature
of
light,
the
photoelectri
c effect
x. Atomic
spectra and
Bohrs atom

q.

r.
6.

s.
7

t.
7,

v.
E

y.

z.
6.

aa.
7

ab.
7,

ac.
Q

ae.
29

ad.
E
af. The
wave
nature
of
matter, De
Broglie,
Heisenberg,
Schrdinger
an. The
hydrogen
atom
and
atomic
orbitals

ag.

av. Periodic
table
and
electron
configuratio
ns

aw.

bd. Periodic
trends,
atomic size,
ionic size,

be.

ah.
6.

ai.
7

aj.
7,

ak.
Q

am.
28

al.
E
ao.

ap.
6.

aq.
7

ar.
7,

as.
Q

au.
30

at.
E
ax.
6.

ay.
8

az.
7,

ba.
Q

bc.
32,

bb.
E
bf.
6.

bg.
8

bh.
7,

bi.
Q

bk.
34,

bj.
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CH 1031 study guide for final exam

Daniele Ramella, 2016

ionization
energy,
electron
affinity,
metallic
character

bl.
63. Challenge (also, nerdy) - As the weapons office aboard the Starship Chemistry, it is your duty to
configure a photon torpedo to remove an electron from the outer hull of an enemy vessel. You
know that the workfunction of the hull is 7.52x10-19 J.
a. At what frequency does your photon torpedo need to be set?
b. You find an extra photon torpedo with a wavelength of 259 nm and fire it at the enemy
vessel. Does the hull get damaged?
64. A particle has a velocity of 90.0 % of the speed of light. If the wavelength of the particle is
1.5x10-15 m, what is the mass of the particle?
65. An excited hydrogen atom with an electron in the n = 5 state emits light with a frequency of
6.90x1014 s-1. Determine the principal quantum level for the final state in this electronic transition.
66. Give the maximum number of electrons in an atom that can have these quantum numbers:
a. n = 4
c. n = 5; ms = +1/2
e. n = 1; l = 0; ml = 0
b. n = 5; ml = +1
d. n = 3; l = 2
67.
68. Mars is roughly 60 million km from Earth. How long does it take for a radio signal originating
from Earth to reach Mars?
69. Which of elements 1-36 have two unpaired electrons in the ground state?
70. Element 106 has been named Seaborgium, Sg, in honor of Glenn Seaborg, discoverer of the first
transuranium element.
a. Write the electron configuration for element 106.
b. What other element would you expect to have similar properties to Seaborgium?
71. The electron affinity for sulfur is more negative than that for oxygen. How do you account for
this?
72.
73. Order the atoms from the one with the least negative to the one with the most negative electron
affinity:
a. S, Se
b. F, Cl, Br, I
74. Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing size:
a. Te, S, Se
b. K, Br, Ni
c. Ba, Si, F
75. Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing first ionization energy:
a. Te, S, Se
b. K, Br, Ni
c. Ba, Si, F
d.
e.
f.
g. Chemical Bonding I: the Lewis model
h. Topic

i.

j.
O

m.
T

o.
Qu

p.
A

q.
Pro

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CH 1031 study guide for final exam

Daniele Ramella, 2016

k.
Te

n.
T

l.
se
r.

Ionic bonds,
lattice
energy

s.

t.
7.

u.
9

v.
8,

w.
Q

y.
38

x.
E
z. Covalent
bonds,
Lewis
structures,
exceptions
to octet rule,
formal
charges,
resonance
ah. Bond
strength and
bond length

aa.

ab.
7.

ac.
9

ad.
8,

ae.
Q

ag.
38,

af.
E

ai.

aj.
7.

ak.
9

al.
8

am.
Q

ao.
38,

an.
E
ap. VSEPR,
Molecular
Geometries,
Molecular
Polarity

aq.

ax. VBT,
hybridizatio
n

ay.

ar.
7.

as.
1

at.
9

au.
Q

aw.
43,

av.
E
az.
8.

ba.
1

bb.
10,

bc.
Q

be.
45,

bd.
E
bf. Molecular
orbitals
theory,
energy
diagrams

bg.

bh.
8.

bi.
1

bj.
10,

bk.
E

bl.
47,

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CH 1031 study guide for final exam

Daniele Ramella, 2016

bm.
76. Use the following data for potassium chloride:

kJ
mol

Elattice =690.

I E K =419

E A Cl =349

kJ
mol

l
H Cbond
=239

kJ
mol

kJ
mol

K
H sublimation
=64

kJ
mol

a. Draw the energy diagram

b. Estimate its Hformation
77.Use bond energy values from the table in your book to estimate the HRXN in the gas phase of the
following processes:
a. H2 + Cl2 2HCl
b. N2 + 3H2 2NH3
78.Order the following species with respect to carbon-oxygen bond length (longest to shortest):
79. CO
CO2
CO32CH3OH
80.Draw Lewis structures that obey the octet rule for the following species. Assign the formal charge
for each central atom:
a. POCl3
d. PO43g. ClO3b. SO42e. SO2Cl2
h. NO43c. ClO4
f. XeO4
81.Draw Lewis structures for the following. Show all resonance structures where applicable.
a. NO2-m, NO3-, N2O4
b. OCN-, SCN-, N382.Draw the 3D shape of the following molecules:
a. OCl2, KrF2, BeH2, SO2
c. CF4, SeF4, KrF4
b. SO3, NF3, IF3
d. IF5, AsF5
83.Consider the following Lewis Structure, where element E is an unknown element:

a.
a. What are some possible identities for element E?
b. Predict the molecular structure, including bond angles for this ion.
84.Give the expected hybridization of the central atom for the molecules or ions in Problem 42.
85.Predict the molecular structure, including bond angles, for each of the following molecules:
a. XeCl2,
c. TeF4,
b. ICl3,
d. PCl5
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CH 1031 study guide for final exam

Daniele Ramella, 2016

86.Why all six atoms in C2H4 lie in the same plane?

87.Which of the following are predicted by the molecular orbital theory to be stable diatomic
species?
a. H2+, H2, H2-, H22b. He22+, He2+, He2
88.Using the molecular orbital model, write electron configurations for the following diatomc
species and calculate the bond orders. Which ones are paramagnetic?
a. Li2
b. C2
c. S2
89.Challenge use the MO model to determine which of the following has the smallest ionization
energy: N2, O2, N22-, N2-, O2+. Explain your answer.
90.
91.
92.
93.

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CH 1031 study guide for final exam

94.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Numerical Answers to mathematical problems:

299 g
37
P: 15p, 16n; I: 53p, 74n; K:19p, 20n;
Yb: 70p, 103n
5. 22.8 g
6. 3.15, yes
7. Y/X = 114/100
8. V2O5
9. 86.92 amu
10.
11.SN, S4N4
12.
13.1220 g, 284 g
14.1.20 ton
15.ScCl3
16.
17.0.520 g of Al(OH)3
18.PHe = 50.0 Torr; PNe = 76.0 Torr; PAr =
90.0 Torr; PTOT = 216.0 Torr;
19.BrF3
20.8.3 g, UF3 by 1.02x
21.CF2Cl2
22.q = 30.9 kJ; w = -12.4 kJ; E = 18.5 kJ
23.11.0 L
24.-908 kJ, -112 kJ, 140 kJ

Daniele Ramella, 2016

25.-1650 kJ, -826 kJ, -7.39 kJ

26.32 m2
27.265 nm, yes
28.1.6x10-27 kg
29.n = 2
30.32, 8, 25, 10, 6
31.200 s
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.-437 kJ/mol
39.-183 kJ, -109 kJ
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.

Page 14 of 15

51.
52.

53.
54.
55.

Final Exam is on M 12/19, 3.30-5.30pm, Room TBA.

56.
57.
58.

GOOD LUCK!