TOPIC

: WELDER JOB

GROUP MEMBERS : MUHAMMAD FARRUQI BIN RAZMAN

MUHAMMAD DANIEL BIN KUSARI
MUHAMAD HAFIZI BIN JAAFAR
MUHAMMAD FAIZ BIN JUMAD
LECTURER

MISS FADILAH BINTI MOHAMMAD

SUBJECT

OSH ISSUE RESOLUTION (OSH2216)

TABLE OF CONTENT

No
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Contents
TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
JOB DESCRIPTION

4.

1
2

Basic Job Description:

OSH Issues Related To the Job Done

3
4

EFFECTS

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6.
7.
8.

Page

Effect on Human
Effect on Environment

LEGAL ACT TO RESPONSIBLE PARTIES

RECOMMENDATION
CONCLUSION
APPENDIXES

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7
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INTRODUCTION

Environment considerations today tend to control, guide and develop engineering processes
affecting both men and environment. The melting of filler metal, base metal and the coating on
base metal during welding processes and subsequently the gases formed release minute, solid
particles into the air creating a plume and is called welding fume. Compared to other industrial
production processes, welding is fairly dangerous. Welding processes involve the potential
hazards for inhalation exposures that may lead to acute or chronic respiratory diseases. Risks
include asphyxiation due to dangerous inhalants, damage to skin and eye due to ultraviolet light,
chemical or electrical fires, and long-term negative effects from fumes. Welding is a fabrication
or sculptural process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing fusion,
which is distinct from lower temperature metal-joining techniques such as brazing and soldering,
which do not melt the base metal. In addition to melting the base metal, a filler material is
typically added to the joint to form a pool of molten material (the weld pool) that cools to form a
joint that is usually stronger than the base material. Pressure may also be used in conjunction
with heat, or by itself, to produce a weld.

JOB DESCRIPTION

Basic Job Description:

Lay out, fit, and fabricate metal components to assemble structural forms, such as machinery
frames, bridge parts, and pressure vessels, using knowledge of welding techniques, metallurgy,
and engineering requirements. Includes experimental welders who analyze engineering drawings
and specifications to plan welding operations where procedural information is unavailable.

Job Duties and Tasks

1) Chips or grinds off excess weld, slag, or spatter, using hand scraper or power chipper, portable
grinder, or arc-cutting equipment.
2) Positions work pieces and clamps together or assembles in jigs or fixtures.
3) Preheats work piece, using hand torch or heating furnace.
4) Ignites torch or starts power supply and strikes arc.
5) Reviews layouts, blueprints, diagrams, or work orders in preparation for welding or cutting
metal components.
6) Selects and inserts electrode or gas nozzle into holder and connects hoses and cables to obtain
gas or specified amperage, voltage, or polarity.
7) Connects and turns regulator valves to activate and adjust gas flow and pressure to obtain
desired flame.
8) Selects and installs torch, torch tip, filler rod, and flux, according to welding chart
specifications or type and thickness of metal.
9) Guides electrodes or torch along weld line at specified speed and angle to weld, melt, cut, or
trim metal.
3

OSH Issues Related To the Job Done

Welding is considered a hazardous form of work and therefore any workplace where it is
performed is considered a high risk workplace.

Welding hazards include electric shock, burns, fire and explosions, radiation, heat, noise, fumes
and gases. Welding in confined spaces can have other significant issues. Several successful
prosecutions over recent years have identified welding as the cause of fires, burns, explosions
and other outcomes

EFFECTS

Effect on Human
The effects on health may be acute (occurred following short-term inhalation of various gas and
smoke) or chronic (long-term effects).The toxic gases and fumes do not affect the workers
health in short period of time but long exposure to the toxic gases and fumes tends to cause
serious health damage. Each type of fumes and the toxic gases has its own concentration to affect
the workers health and give different health effect. The major toxic gases associated with
welding are classifies as primary pulmonary and non-pulmonary. Long-term exposure to UV
light can produce cataracts in some persons. Visible light from welding processes is very bright
and can overwhelm the ability of the iris of the eye to close sufficiently and rapidly enough to
limit the brightness of the light reaching the retina. The result is that the light is temporarily
blinding and fatiguing to the eye. A serious concern is the "blue light hazard" which is the
temporary or permanent scarring of the retina due to its sensitivity to blue light, around 440 nm
wavelength. Blindness may result. Exposure to infrared light can heat the lens of the eye and
produce cataracts over the long term.

Effect on Environment

Welding arcs and flames emit intense visible, ultraviolet, and infrared radiation. UV radiation in
a welding arc will burn unprotected skin just like UV radiation in sunlight. This is true for direct
exposure to UV radiation as well as radiation that is reflected from metal surfaces, walls, and
ceilings. Surface finishes and certain paint colors can reduce the amount of UV radiation that is
reflected. Long-term exposure to UV radiation can cause skin cancer. Infrared radiation and
visible light normally have very little effect on the skin.

Most of the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have poor working conditions contributing to
workers safety and health problem. Most welders who work in construction, factories, mining,
manufacturing, metallurgy, railroad, petrochemical, ironworks, shipbuilding or steel industries,
suffer from some kind of respiratory illness or pulmonary infection. Toxic gases like nitric oxide,
carbon monoxide, ozone and nitrogen dioxide are produced from welding processes. These toxic
gases can cause headache, pulmonary edema and drowsiness. Phosphine and phosgene are the
other gases which are a health hazard. Furthermore, a colorless gas produced during welding, is a
powerful irritant which attacks the cell membrane and the mucous membrane. Ordinarily safe
gases become too concentrated if welders work in confined space, and cause edema, filling lungs
with water. Nitrous gases (nitrogen oxides) form when the nitrogen and oxygen in the air react
with the hot arc and the hot base metal. NO2 is present in workplaces where combustion
processes or gas welding is in use. Concentrations up to these levels occur and are sometimes
exceeded. These nitrous gases affect the lungs. Carbon monoxide forms during welding as a
result of the atomization of carbon dioxide in the shielding gas. Carbon monoxide affects the
ability of the blood to absorb oxygen.

LEGAL ACT TO RESPONSIBLE PARTIES

OSHA 1994
Section 15 19
Duties of an Employer
To ensure the safety, health and welfare at work of all his employees and visitors. To formulate
safety and health policy. Extra protection for the disabled etc.

ACTORIES AND MACHINERY ACT 1967

[ACT 139]
P.U. (A) 328/86FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (BUILDING OPERATIONS AND WORKS
OFENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION) (SAFETY) REGULATIONS 1986
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RECOMMENDATION

ELIMINATION
-

Not applicable

SUBSTITUTION
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Substitute from hazardous to less hazardous

ISOLATION
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Not applicable

ENGINEERING CONTROL
-

Install ventilation to keep fumes and gases from the breathing zone and general area
using natural or mechanical ventilation, fixed/moveable exhaust hoods, or exhaust at the
arc.

ADMINISTRATIVE CONROL
-

Limits daily exposure to hazards by Adjusting work tasks or schedules.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

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Use gloves and face shield

CONCLUSION

At the end of this experiment:

There are problem occurs on the arc welding process.
To get a best result of this arc welding process, student must know the angle that are
used, concentration, and the movement of the electrode andspeed of moving the electrode.
The thickness of the metal and type of the electrode are used are the factor in arc welding
process.
Factor that affect result of that arc welding.

APPENDIXES

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