Rodolfo R. Rosales
Boris Schlittgen
Zhaohui Zhang.
Contents
1 Problems from the book by Sa and Snider.
2 Other problems.
MIT,
y MIT,
z MIT,
8
>> i k
>>
<ik
>> i k
>>
:ik
4
4 +1
4 +2
4 +3
1.2
= (i4 )k
= (i4k ) i
= 1k
= 1i
= (i4k+1 ) i = i i
1;
i;
1;
= (i4k+2 ) i = ( 1) i =
i:
Im( ) =
z
1.3
(x2 + y 2 )
<
1
z
z
z z
(x iy )
and it follows that:
(x2 + y 2)
0.
p
p
Let z1 = 1, z2 = (1=2) + i( 3=2) and z3 = (1=2) i( 3=2). Then jz1 z2 j = j(3=2) i( 3=2)j =
3, jz1
z3
j = j(3=2) + i(
3=2)j =
3 and jz2
z3
p p
j = ji 3j = 3.
have the same length, these points are the vertices of an equilateral triangle.
1.4
(x
1j = j(x
1)
iy
j=
(x
1)2 + y 2 = jz
1j = j(x
1j.
1) + iy j =
Graphically, this is just a consequence of the fact that (in the plane) the distance from an
arbitrary point A to some point B on a straight line is the same as the distance from A to B , where
A
Let zj = rj exp(ij ), for j = 1; 2; 3. Then jzj j = rj for j = 1; 2; 3, so that: jz1 jjz2 jjz3 j = r1 r2 r3 .
Thus: jz1 z2 z3 j = jr1 r2 r3 exp(i(1 + 2 + 3 ))j = r1 r2 r3 = jz1 jjz2 jjz3 j.
1.6
Let z1 = r1 exp(i1 ) and z2 = r2 exp(i2 ), so that arg(z1 ) = 1 and arg(z2 ) = 2 (modulo integer
multiples of 2 , which can always be added to the argument). It follows then that: arg(z1 z2 ) =
arg(r1 exp(i1 )r2 exp( i2 )) = arg(r1 r2 exp(i(1
1.7
2 ))
= 1
2
r1
= r2 exp(i(2
and are all real, this last equation can have a solution if and only if 1
multiple of 2
1.8
()
()
2
2 )).
Since
is an integer
Im(z1 z2 ) = 0.
e2x
= ex .
Using the expressions for the sine and the cosine in terms of exponentials, we nd:
e2ix
2ix
) + (2 + e2ix + e
2ix
)(ei2 + e
i1
2 )
= (1=2)(ei(1 +2 ) + e
= cos(1 + 2 ):
i2
+e
+ ei(1 +2 )
i(1 +2 )
)] = (1=4) 4 = 1 :
) + (ei1
i(1 2 )
ei(1
2 )
+e
e
i1
)(ei2
i2
)]
i(1 +2 )
i(1 2 )
+e
i(1 +2 )
Since r > 0, ln r is real and we have: exp(ln r + i) = exp(ln r) exp(i) = r exp(i) = z .
1.11
(n
1)
=z
1.12
i(n 1)
(n
1)
. Then, letting z1 = z
=z
= (r
(n
1)
=r ) exp(i(
1
(n
(n
= (1=r)e
1)
1)
i
= r 1e
i
(n
1)
=r
exp( in).
(a) Since jz j = r, we can write z = rei . Then w(z ) = 1=z = (1=r)e i , so that jwj = 1=r. Clearly
the map is a biyection from circle to circle.
(b) Since Arg(z ) = 0 , we can write z = rei0 (with 0 < r < 1). Then w(z ) = 1=z = (1=r)e
Thus we have Arg(w) = 0 . Again, it is clear that the map is a biyection from ray to ray.
1.13
initial
2i
-2
(a)
-2
2i
(b)
2i
(c)
-2
-2i
Figure 1.13.1:
Images of the semidisk jzj 2 and Im(z) 0, by the map G(z) = eiz,
with: (a) = =4, (b) = =4 and (c) = 3=4.
i0
initial
6i
(a)
(b)
2i
i
-2
Figure 1.14.1:
-6
Images of the semidisk jzj 2 and Im(z) 0, by the map H (z) = z,
with: (a) = 3 and (c) = 1=2.
2 Other problems.
2.1
3 cos sin2 :
3 cos :
THE END.
i sin3 ]
-1