GRD Journals | Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering | International Conference on Innovations in Engineering and Technology

(ICIET) - 2016 | July 2016

e-ISSN: 2455-5703

Smart Parking System Using Internet of Things

(IoT)
1A.Ramya 2S.Vijaya

Sharmila 3R.Priyanka
2
M.E Scholar
1,2,3
Department of Information Technology
1,2,3
K.L.N. College of Engineering, Pottapalayam, Sivagangai 630612, India
Abstract
This paper presents that the concept of parking system in smart cities using Internet of Things (IoT). This system will reduce the
time consuming problem during the parking. Sensors will be used to collect the information from the parking area that information
will be used to park the vehicle in a particular place. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has been employed to fulfil the necessity
of reliable energy and efficient communication between these devices. That network will sense and control the parking area using
the sensors and microcontroller. This system identify the vehicle at the entrance, monitors the availability of the free slots, allocate
the slot and display the empty slot and path through the smart phones.
Keyword- Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Parking System
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION
When people talk about the next big thing, theyre never thinking big enough. It is not a lack of imagination; it is a lack of
observation. The future is always within sight, and dont need to imagine whats already there. The Internet of Things revolves
around increased machine-to-machine communication. It is built on cloud computing and networks of data-gathering sensors. It is
mobile, virtual, and instantaneous connection. It is going to make everything in our lives from streetlights to seaports smart. The
Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects-devices, vehicles, buildings and other items embedded with sensors,
electronics, software and network connectivity that enables objects to collect and exchange data. The IoT allows objects to be
sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration of the
physical object into computer based systems and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefits. Thus the smart
parking system is used to promote solution for existing system.

II. EXISTING SYSTEM

The existing system proposes the display of slot through the LCD display. When the car enters into the parking area, the
microcontroller monitors the arrival of the car. And also it monitors the empty slot inside the parking area. The slot information
stores into the cloud and it used to allocate the slot for the particular car or vehicle. In most recent technology, some parking lot
system offered a system that could automatically count when the car entering the empty car space and blocking an infrared signal
thus notify the system to count for it. However, this type of sensors actually has an increase of budgeting in order to install and to
be maintained.

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM

To overcome the disadvantage of existing system, our system aims to reduce the human intervention to the minimal by automating
the process of car parking. This in turn would prove to be useful in reducing the time required for search of free parking space by
manually driving through multiple slots. The automation in the car parking is achieved by using Sensors. The system can then
inform drivers about the number of available parking spaces and in which area should they be directed to. Bluetooth connection
requires displaying the available slot and path direction through android application. This application already available in network
to connect the Bluetooth device with our smart phone.

IV. COMPONENTS USED

A. Microcontroller
A microcontroller is a small computer (SoC) on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable
input/output peripherals. Program memory in the form of Ferroelectric RAM, NOR flash or OTP ROM is also often included on
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chip, as well as a typically small amount of RAM. The microcontroller used in this system is Arduino Uno. The Arduino is an
open-source prototyping platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. The Uno is a high performance 8-bit AVR RISCbased microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P which combines 32KB ISP flash memory with read-while-write
capabilities, 1KB EEPROM, 2KB SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, three flexible
timer/counters with compare modes, SPI serial port, 6-channel 10-bit A/D converter It has 14 digital input/output pins out of which
6 can be used as PMW outputs, 6 analog inputs, as 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a
reset button. The power supply needed for this microcontroller is 5V. Figure 1.shows the Arduino Uno board used for programming
which include Microcontroller Atmel328.

Fig. 1: Arduino Uno board

B. IR SENSOR
An Infrared (IR) sensor is used to detect obstacles in front of the robot or to differentiate between colours depending on the
configuration of the sensor.IR sensors are also used to distinguish between black and white surfaces. White surfaces reflect all
types of light while black surfaces absorb them. Therefore, depending on the amount of light reflected back to the IR receiver, the
IR sensor can also be used to distinguish between black and white surfaces.
The principle of an IR sensor working as an Object Detection Sensor can be explained using the following figure. An IR
sensor consists of an IR LED and an IR Photodiode; together they are called as Photo Coupler or Opto Coupler. When the IR
transmitter emits radiation, it reaches the object and some of the radiation reflects back to the IR receiver. Based on the intensity
of the reception by the IR receiver, the output of the sensor is defined.

Fig. 2: IR sensor

C. Bluetooth Device
HC-05 module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module, designed for transparent wireless serial connection
setup. Serial port Bluetooth module is fully qualified Bluetooth V2.0+EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) 3Mbps Modulation with
complete 2.4GHz radio transceiver and baseband. It uses CSR Blue core 04-External single chip Bluetooth system with CMOS
technology and with AFH(Adaptive Frequency Hopping Feature). It has the footprint as small as 12.7mmx27mm. Hope it will
simplify your overall design/development cycle.
1)

HC-05 Specification
Bluetooth protocol : Bluetooth v2.0+EDR
Frequency: 2.4GHz ISM band
Modulation: GFSK(Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying)
Emission power: 4dBm, Class 2

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Smart Parking System Using Internet of Things (IoT)

(GRDJE / CONFERENCE / ICIET - 2016 / 064)

Sensitivity: -84dBm at 0.1% BER

Speed: Asynchronous: 2.1Mbps(Max) / 160 kbps,
Speed Synchronous: 1Mbps/1Mbps
Security: Authentication and encryption
Profiles: Bluetooth serial port
Power supply: +3.3VDC 50mA
Working temperature: -20 ~ +75Centigrade
Dimension: 26.9mm x 13mm x 2.2 mm

Fig. 3: Bluetooth HC-05

V. POWER REQUIREMENTS
The board should be powered with an external power supply that can provide current between 700mA and 1000mA for an Arduino.
IR sensor and Bluetooth device takes the power from Arduino..

VI. WIRE CONNECTIONS OF SMART PARKING SYSTEM

A.

IRSENSOR
Ground pin of IR sensor is connected with the ground pin of Arduino.
5V power supply is connected with IR sensor VCC pin.
Output of IR sensor is connected with 7th digital pin of Arduino.

B.

BLUETOOTH
Both GND pins, TX pins and RX pins are connected with each other.
5V power supply is given to VCC pin.
Key connected to 3.3V

VII.

ARCHITECTURE OF SMART PARKING SYSTEM

The Architecture of smart parking system is shown below in fig.4. The Arduino microcontroller plays the important role in
controlling all the modules. The sensor used in this system is IR sensor. IR sensor is connected to the Arduino by connecting
ground pin, VCC to 5v and trigger to 7th pin of the Arduino through wires. The communication technology used here is Bluetooth.
Bluetooth device is connected to the Arduino by connecting ground pin, VCC to 5V, TX pin, RX pin and key connected to 3.3V.

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Smart Parking System Using Internet of Things (IoT)

(GRDJE / CONFERENCE / ICIET - 2016 / 064)

Fig. 4: Architecture diagram of Smart Parking System

VIII. CONCLUSION
This paper shows the implementation of smart parking system using IR sensor, Arduino Uno microcontroller and Bluetooth HC05. In this paper, smart parking system sense the vehicle, display the empty slot, allocate the slot and display the slot direction
through smart phones. Communication established between Microcontrollers, IR sensor using Bluetooth hc-05.This system
reduces the parking confusion. This system assures that the users searching work was reduced during the parking time.

IX. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

In future, the use of Wi Fi instead of Bluetooth can use for the large parking area and by using images to display the slot. Capturing
the image and display it through the smart phones makes user more efficient to park the car. GPS will be used to track the location
of the car inside the parking area. Thus this system reduces the manual work and also gives the solution to the societal problem.

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