MARK ZUCKERBERG BIOGRAPHY

Synopsis
Born on May 14, 1984, in White Plains, New York, Mark Zuckerberg cofounded the social-networking website Facebook out of his college dorm room.
He left Harvard after his sophomore year to concentrate on the site, the user
base of which has grown to more than 250 million people, making Zuckerberg a
billionaire. The birth of Facebook was recently portrayed in the film The Social
Network.
Early Life
Mark Elliot Zuckerberg was born on May 14, 1984, in White Plains, New
York, into a comfortable, well-educated family, and raised in the nearby village
of Dobbs Ferry. His father, Edward Zuckerberg, ran a dental practice attached
to the family's home. His mother, Karen, worked as a psychiatrist before the
birth of the couple's four childrenMark, Randi, Donna and Arielle.
Zuckerberg developed an interest in computers at an early age; when he
was about 12, he used Atari BASIC to create a messaging program he named
"Zucknet." His father used the program in his dental office, so that the
receptionist could inform him of a new patient without yelling across the room.
The family also used Zucknet to communicate within the house. Together with
his friends, he also created computer games just for fun. "I had a bunch of
friends who were artists," he said. "They'd come over, draw stuff, and I'd build
a game out of it."
To keep up with Mark's burgeoning interest in computers, his parents hired
private computer tutor David Newman to come to the house once a week and
work with Mark. Newman later told reporters that it was hard to stay ahead of
the prodigy, who began taking graduate courses at nearby Mercy College
around this same time.
Zuckerberg later studied at Phillips Exeter Academy, an exclusive
preparatory school in New Hampshire. There he showed talent in fencing,
becoming the captain of the school's team. He also excelled in literature,
earning a diploma in classics. Yet Zuckerberg remained fascinated by
computers, and continued to work on developing new programs. While still in
high school, he created an early version of the music software Pandora, which
he called Synapse. Several companiesincluding AOL and Microsoft
expressed an interest in buying the software, and hiring the teenager before
graduation. He declined the offers.
Time at Harvard
Zuckerberg and his friends created a site that allowed users to create their
own profiles, upload photos, and communicate with other users. The group ran
the sitefirst called The Facebookout of a dorm room at Harvard until June

2004. After his sophomore year, Zuckerberg dropped out of college to devote
himself to Facebook full time, moving the company to Palo Alto, California. By
the end of 2004, Facebook had 1 million users.
The Rise of Facebook
In 2005, Zuckerberg's enterprise received a huge boost from the venture
capital firm Accel Partners. Accel invested $12.7 million into the network, which
at the time was open only to ivy league students. Zuckerberg's company then
granted access to other colleges, high school and international schools,
pushing the site's membership to more than 5.5 million users by December
2005. The site then began attracting the interest of other companies, who
wanted to advertize with the popular social hub. Not wanting to sell out,
Zuckerberg turned down offers from companies such as Yahoo! and MTV
Networks. Instead, he focused on expanding the site, opening up his project to
outside developers and adding more features.
Zuckerberg faced yet another personal challenge when the 2009 book The
Accidental Billionaires, by writer Ben Mezrich, hit stores. Mezrich was heavily
criticized for his re-telling of Zuckerberg's story, which used invented scenes,
re-imagined dialogue and fictional characters. Regardless of how true-to-life the
story was, Mezrich managed to sell the rights of the tale to screenwriter Aaron
Sorkin, and the critically acclaimed film The Social Network received eight
Academy Award nominations.
Zuckerberg objected strongly to the film's narrative, and later told a
reporter at The New Yorker that many of the details in the film were inaccurate.
For example, Zuckerberg has been dating longtime girlfriend Priscilla Chan, a
Chinese-American medical student he met at Harvard, since 2003. He also said
he never had interest in joining any of the final clubs. "It's interesting what stuff
they focused on getting right; like, every single shirt and fleece that I had in
that movie is actually a shirt or fleece that I own," Zuckerberg told a reporter at
a start-up conference in 2010. "So there's all this stuff that they got wrong and
a bunch of random details that they got right."
Yet Zuckerberg and Facebook continued to succeed, in spite of the
criticism. Timemagazine named him Person of the Year in 2010, and Vanity
Fair placed him at the top of their New Establishment list. Forbes also ranked
Zuckerberg at No. 35beating out Apple CEO Steve Jobson its "400" list,
estimating his net worth to be $6.9 billion.
Going Public
Zuckerberg made two major life changes in May 2012. Facebook had its
initial public offering, which raised $16 billion, making it the biggest internet
IPO in history. How Zuckerberg's company will handle this influx of cash
remains to be seen. But Zuckerberg may be looking at more acquisitions. He
personally negotiated the company deal to buy Instragram the previous month.
After the initial success of the IPO, the Facebook stock price dropped
somewhat in the early days of trading. But Zuckerberg is expected to weather
any ups and downs in his company's market performance. He holds more than
a quarter of its stock and retains 57 percent control of the voting shares.
On May 19, 2012a day after the IPOZuckerberg wed his longtime
girlfriend, Priscilla Chan. About 100 people gathered at the couple's Palo Alto,
California home. The guests thought they were there to celebrate Chan's
graduation from medical school, but instead they witnessed Zuckerberg and

Chan exchange vows. In May 2013, Facebook made the Fortune 500 list for the
first timemaking Zuckerberg, at the age of 28, the youngest CEO on the list.
In November 2015, Zuckerberg and Chan welcomed a daughter, Max, and
Zuckerberg announced he would be taking two months of paternity leave to
spend with his family. He and his wife also pledged in an open letter to their
daughter that they would give 99 percent of their Facebook shares to charity.
"We are committed to doing our small part to help create this world for all
children," the couple wrote in the open letter that was posted on Zuckerberg's
Facebook page. "We will give 99% of our Facebook shares currently about
$45 billion during our lives to join many others in improving this world for
the next generation."
In September 2016, Zuckerberg and Chan announced that the Chan
Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI), the company into which they put their Facebook
shares, would invest at least $3 billion into scientific research over the next
decade to help cure, prevent and manage all diseases in our children's
lifetime." Renowned neuroscientist Cori Bargmann of The Rockefeller
University, was named the president of science at CZI. They also announced
the founding of Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, a San Francisco-based independent
research center that will bring together engineers, computer scientists,
biologists, chemists and others in the scientific community. A partnership
between Stanford University, University of California, San Francisco, and
University of California, Berkeley, Biohub will receive initial funding of $600
million over 10 years.

Warren Buffett Biography

Synopsis
Born in Nebraska in 1930, Warren Buffett demonstrated keen business abilities
at a young age. He formed Buffett Partnership Ltd. in 1956, and by 1965 he
had assumed control of Berkshire Hathaway. Overseeing the growth of a
conglomerate with holdings in the media, insurance, energy and food and
beverage industries, Buffett became one of the world's richest men and a
celebrated philanthropist.
Early Life
Businessman and investor. Born Warren Edward Buffett on August 30, 1930, in
Omaha, Nebraska. Buffett's father, Howard, worked as stockbroker and served
as a U.S. congressman. His mother, Leila Stahl Buffett, was a homemaker.
Buffett was the second of three children and the only boy.

Buffett demonstrated a knack for financial and business matters early in his
childhood. Friends and acquaintances have said the young boy was a
mathematical prodigy who could add large columns of numbers in his head, a
talent he occasionally demonstrated in his later years.
Warren often visited his father's stockbrokerage shop as a child, and chalked in
the stock prices on the blackboard in the office. At 11 years old he made his
first investment, buying three shares of Cities Service Preferred at $38 per
share. The stock quickly dropped to only $27, but Buffett held on tenaciously
until they reached $40. He sold his shares at a small profit, but regretted the
decision when Cities Service shot up to nearly $200 a share. He later cited this
experience as an early lesson in patience in investing.
irst Entrepreneurial Venture
By the age of 13, Buffett was running his own businesses as a paperboy and
selling his own horseracing tip sheet. That same year, he filed his first tax
return, claiming his bike as a $35 tax deduction.
In 1942, Buffett's father was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, and
his family moved to Fredricksburg, Virginia, to be closer to the congressman's
new post. Buffett attended Woodrow Wilson High School in Washington, D.C.,
where he continued plotting new ways to make money. During his high school
tenure, he and a friend purchased a used pinball machine for $25. They
installed it in a barbershop, and within a few months the profits enabled them
to buy other machines. Buffett owned machines in three different locations
before he sold the business for $1,200.

Higher Education and Early Career

Buffett enrolled at the University of Pennsylvania at the age of 16 to study
business. He stayed two years, moved to the University of Nebraska to finish
up his degree, and emerged from college at age 20 with nearly $10,000 from
his childhood businesses.
Influenced by Benjamin Graham's 1949 book, The Intelligent Investor, Buffett
enrolled at Columbia Business School to study under the acclaimed economist
and investor. After earning his master's degree in 1951, he sold securities for
Buffett-Falk & Company for three years, then worked for his mentor for two
years as an analyst at Graham-Newman Corp.
In 1956, Buffet formed the firm Buffett Partnership Ltd. in his hometown of
Omaha. Utilizing the techniques learned from Graham, he was successful in
identifying undervauled companies and became a millionaire. One such
enterprise Buffett valued was a textile company named Berkshire Hathaway.
He began accumulating stock in the early 1960s, and by 1965 he had assumed
control of the company.

Business Empire
Despite the success of Buffett Partnership, its founder dissolved the firm in
1969 to focus on the development of Berkshire Hathaway. He phased out its
textile manufacturing division, instead expanding the company by buying
assets in media (The Washington Post), insurance (GEICO) and oil (Exxon).
Immensely successful, the "Oracle of Omaha" even managed to spin seemingly
poor investments into gold, most notably with his purchase of scandal-plagued
Salomon Brothers in 1987.
Following Berkshire Hathaway's significant investment in Coca-Cola, Buffett
became director of the company from 1989 until 2006. He has also served as
director of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings, Graham Holdings Company and
The Gillette Company.

Recent Activity and Philanthropy

In June 2006, Buffett made an announcement that he would be giving his entire
fortune away to charity, committing 85 percent of it to the Bill and Melinda
Gates Foundation. This donation became the largest act of charitable giving in
United States history. In 2010, Buffett and Gates announced they had formed
The Giving Pledge campaign to recruit more wealthy individuals for
philanthropic causes.
In 2012, Buffett disclosed that he had been diagnosed with prostate cancer. He
began undergoing radiation treatment in July, and successfully completed his
treatment in November.
The health scare did little to slow the octogenarian, who annually ranks near
the top of the Forbes world billionaires list. In February 2013, Buffett purchased
H. J. Heinz with private equity group 3G Capital for $28 billion. Later additions
to the Berkshire Hathaway stable included battery maker Duracell and Kraft
Foods Group, which merged with Heinz in 2015 to form the third-largest food
and beverage company in North America.

Amancio Ortega Biography

Amancio Ortega is a fashion executive and the founder and chairman of

the Inditex fashion group. According to Forbes he was the third wealthiest
person in the world in 2013 with an estimate net worth of $57 billion. The
Bloomberg Billionaires Index ranked him as the fourth richest person with
assets worth $54.3 billion.
Ortega was born on 28th March 1936 in Len, Spain. Son of a railway
worker, Amancio Ortega belonged to a middle class family. As a teenager he
worked as a helper at Gala, a local shirt maker. By 1972 he had founded
Confecciones Goa which sold quilted bath robes sowed by the local women.
Ortega is most popular for its chain of clothing and accessories Zara which he
started with his first wife, Rosalia. He launched his first Zara Store in 1975,
today Zara is a part of the Inditex group of which 59.29% is owned by Ortega.

He has more than 6000 stores which include the brands Massimo Dutti, Zara,
Zara Home, Tempe, Kiddys Class, Stradivarius, Bershka and Pull and Bear.
Ortega employs more than 92,000 employees. However he likes to maintain a
low profile and no one had seen a picture of him till 1999. He does not carry
himself like the big entrepreneur that he is instead he is mostly seen dressed
very simply in a blue blazer, white shirt, gray pants and no tie. Surprisingly
these are not even outfits from his brand Zara. He takes his coffee from the
same place every day and eats with his employees in the company caf.
He made an appearance in front of the camera in 2000 before his
company went public in 2001 which made headlines in Spanish media. He has
given only three interviews in his life which shows how strictly he guards his
privacy. He has been subjects of books such as Amancio Ortega: de cero a
Zara which means From Zero to Zara. Amancio Ortega retired from Inditex in
2011 however, it is said that he will keep on playing an important part in the
business. In his spare time he enjoys horseback riding. He owns the Torre
Picasso in Madrid which is the tallest building in Spain. The skyscraper is 515
feet tall and is worth $535 million. He is also the owner of The Epic Residences
& Hotel in Miami, Florida. These hotels are counted among the most luxurious
hotels in the country. He drives an Audi A8 but also owns a $45 million private
jet

the

Global

Express

BD-700

made

by Bombardier.

The

notorious

businessman loves to work so much that he rarely takes time off.

In 1986 he divorced his first wife and married Flore Perez Marcote in 2001.
He has three children but it is rumored that his daughter from the second
marriage will be his successor. Amancio Ortega has a luxury apartment in
Miami along with real estate in Paris, Lisbon, London and Madrid. He has also
invested in tourism, banks and gas companies. The self-made mogul has a lot
to be proud of.

Thomas Alva Edison Biography

People often say Edison was a genius. He
answered, "Genius is hard work, stick-to-itiveness, and common sense."
Thomas Alva Edison was born February 11,
1847 in Milan, Ohio (pronounced MY-lan). In
1854, when he was seven, the family moved
to Michigan, where Edison spent the rest of
his childhood.
"Al," as he was called as a boy, went to
school only a short time. He did so poorly that
his mother, a former teacher, taught her son
at home. Al learned to love reading, a habit
he kept for the rest of his life. He also liked to
make experiments in the basement.
Al not only played hard, but also worked hard.
At the age of 12 he sold fruit, snacks and newspapers on a train as a "news
butcher." (Trains were the newest way to travel, cutting through the American

wilderness.) He even printed his own newspaper, the Grand Trunk Herald, on a
moving train.
At 15, Al roamed the country as a "tramp telegrapher." Using a kind of alphabet
called Morse Code, he sent and received messages over the telegraph. Even
though he was already losing his hearing, he could still hear the clicks of the
telegraph. In the next seven years he moved over a dozen times, often working
all night, taking messages for trains and even for the Union Army during the
Civil War. In his spare time, he took things apart to see how they worked.
Finally, he decided to invent things himself.
After the failure of his first invention, the electric vote recorder, Edison moved
to New York City. There he improved the way the stock ticker worked. This was
his big break. By 1870 his company was manufacturing his stock ticker in
Newark, New Jersey. He also improved the telegraph, making it send up to four
messages at once.
During this time he married his first wife, Mary Stilwell, on Christmas Day,
1871. They had three children -- Marion, Thomas, Jr., and William. Wanting a
quieter spot to do more inventing, Edison moved from Newark to Menlo Park,
New Jersey, in 1876. There he built his most famous laboratory.
He was not alone in Menlo Park. Edison hired "muckers" to help him out. These
"muckers" came from all over the world to make their fortune in America. They
often stayed up all night working with the "chief mucker," Edison himself. He is
sometime called the "Wizard of Menlo Park" because he created two of his
three greatest works there.
The phonograph was the first machine that could record the sound of
someone's voice and play it back. In 1877, Edison recorded the first words on a
piece of tin foil. He recited the nursery rhyme "Mary Had a Little Lamb," and
the phonograph played the words back to him. This was invented by a man
whose hearing was so poor that he thought of himself as "deaf"!
Starting in 1878, Edison and the muckers worked on one of his greatest
achievements. The electric light system was more than just the incandescent
lamp, or "light bulb." Edison also designed a system of power plants that make
the electrical power and the wiring that brings it to people's homes. Imagine all
the things you "plug in." What would your life be like without them?
In 1885, one year after his first wife died, Edison met a 20-year-old woman
named Mina Miller. Her father was an inventor in Edison's home state of Ohio.
Edison taught her Morse Code. Even when others were around, the couple
could "talk" to each other secretly. One day he tapped a question into her
hand: would she marry him? She tapped back the word "yes."
Mina Edison wanted a home in the country, so Edison bought Glenmont, a 29room home with 13-1/2 acres of land in West Orange, New Jersey. They married
on February 24, 1886 and had three children: Madeleine, Charles and
Theodore.
A year later, Edison built a laboratory in West Orange that was ten times larger
than the one in Menlo Park. In fact, it was one of the largest laboratories in the
world, almost as famous as Edison himself. Well into the night, laboratory

buildings glowed with electric light while the Wizard and his "muckers" turned
Edison's dreams into inventions. Once, the "chief mucker" worked for three
days straight, taking only short naps. Edison earned half of his 1,093 patents in
West Orange.
But Edison did more than invent. Here Edison could think of ways to make a
better phonograph, for example, build it with his muckers, have them test it
and make it work, then manufacture it in the factories that surrounded his
laboratory. This improved phonograph could then be sold throughout the world.
Not only did Edison improve the phonograph several times, but he also worked
on X-rays, storage batteries, and the first talking doll. At West Orange he also
worked on one of his greatest ideas: motion pictures, or "movies." The
inventions made here changed the way we live even today. He worked here
until his death on October 18, 1931, at the age of 84.
By that time, everyone had heard of the "Wizard" and looked up to him. The
whole world called him a genius. But he knew that having a good idea was not
enough. It takes hard work to make dreams into reality. That is why Edison liked
to say, "Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration."

Biography of Ir. Soekarno

Ir.Soekarno or the Bung Karno was born in Surabaya,East Java on 6 June

1901. Bung Karno has helped the country win independence from the
Netherlands, Soekarno or Bung Karno also an important figure in the struggle
for Indonesian independence. He also is the originator of the basic state called
Pancasila. On August 17, 1945, Ir.Soekarno proclaimed Indonesias
independence with Moh.Hatta. Bung Karno is Indonesia's first president on
1945-1967. However, Sukarno was forced out of power, the Suharto, who
formally became President in March 1967.
Bung Karno was the first president of Indonesia, also known as the
graduate architect of Hoge Technische School (now ITB) in Bandung with a
major in civil engineering and graduated in 1925. Raden Soekimi Sosrodihardjo
is
his
father
and
his
mother
Ida
Ayu
Nyoman
Rai.
Ir.Soekarno had nine wives. They are Oetari, Inggit Garmasih, Fatmawati,
Hartini, Ratna, Haryati, Endah Sanger, Kartini Manopo and Heldy Djafar. Of his
marriage with Fatmawati, Soekarno was awarded five children. Namely Guntur,
Megawati, Rachmawati, Sukmawati and Guruh. Megawati also became the fifth
president of Indonesia.
In Jakarta, there are several buildings whose designs by Sukarno, the most
famous building is Masjid Istiqal, Monumen Nasional(MONAS), Tugu Selamat
Datang and Hotel Indonesia. During his life, Soekarno get Honorary Doctorates
from 26 University in the country and abroad.
Ir. Soekarno Dead on 21th June 1970 in Jakarta, the age of 69 years.
Because he suffered from kidney disease. And was interred in Blitar, East Java.
To appreciate of Ir. Sukarno, a sports hall in Jakarta named Gelora Bung Karno.
There are University Bung Karno, there is also the Soekarno-Hatta airport in
Cengkareng, and the Proclamator monument at Jakarta.

Soekarno's family
Soekarno's wife
Oetari
Inggit Garnasih
Fatmawati
Hartini
RatnaSari Dewi Soekarno (the original name: Naoko Nemoto)
Haryati
Soekarno sons and daughters
Guruh Soekarnoputra
Megawati Soekarnoputri, Republic of Indonesia President the term of
office of 2001-2004
Guntur Soekarnoputra
Rachmawati Soekarnoputri
Sukmawati Soekarnoputri
Taufan and Bayu (from the wife Hartini)
Kartika Sari Dewi Soekarno (from the wife Ratna sari DewiSoekarno