Chapter Tour 1

Chapter 1 - Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology
Use this outline to organize your notes/thoughts while referencing the
textbook.
Pay attention to roots! (portfolio)
If you thoughtfully complete this you could use it as a unit artifact for your
portfolio!

1.1 Introduction
Relate this section to the first chapter from Stif
This clearly relates to stif because it shows the earliest searches into the
human body, and references the interest that mustve been shown in the early
observations. Stiff just goes a little more in depth

1.2

Anatomy and Physiology

A.

Anatomy: Branch of science that deals with the structure of body

B.

Physiology: Functions of body parts. What they do, how they do it

parts

1.3

Levels of Organization
Draw a diagram (scrap paper) that helps you remember the levels of
organization of the body. Make sure it makes sense to you!
A: Atoms
M: Macromolecules
M: Molecules
C: Cells
O: Organelles
T: Tissues
O: Organs
O: Organ systems
O: Organisms

1.4

Characteristics of Life
A.

Characteristics of life include:

1. Movement
2. Responsivness
3.
Growth
4.
reproduction

5.
respiration
6.
digestion
7.
absorption
8.
circulation
9.
assimilation
10. excretion
B.
Metabolism: the sum total of all the chemical reatctions in the
body that break down and build up substances

1.5

Maintenance of Life
A.

Requirements of Organisms

Requirement

Use

Water

Most abbundant
Required for many processes
Provides an environment for reactions to take place.
Transports substances
Regulates temp

Foods

Provide body with chemicals/nutrients.

Provide water
Some used for energy, some for building new matter

Oxygen

Makes up of ordinary air

Releases energy from food substances.
Energy then supports metabolic processes

Heat

Product of metabolic reactions

Amount of heat partly determines rate that these reactions
occur
More heat, more rapid reactions

Pressure

Application of force to do something

Important in breathing
Heart action produces blood pressure that forces blood
through vessels

B.

Homeostasis:
1.
Receptors: Provide information about stimuli in internal
environment
2. Set Point:Tells what a particular value should be
3.
Effectors:cause responses that alter conditions in the internal
environment
Negative Feedback Mechanism:
Examples:furnace/air conditionor
Positive Feedback Mechanism:

Examples: Apples on a tree

1.6

Organization of the Human Body

A.
B.
C.

Cavities
Membranes
Organ Systems

Organ System

Function

Integumentary

Protect underlying tissues, help regulate body

temperature, house a variety of sensory
receptors, and synthesize certain products.

skeletal

Provide frameworks and protective shields for

softer tissues, are attachments for muscles,
and ac with muscles when body parts move.

muscular

By contracting and pulling their ends closer

together, muscles provide forces that move
body parts. They also maintain posture and are
the main source of body heat.

nervous

Nerve cells within these organs communicate

with each other and with muscles and glands
using electrochemical signals called nerve
impulses.

endocrine

Glands that secrete chemical messengers

called hormones. The hormones in turn, move
away from the glands in body fluids such as
blood or tissue fluid.

cardiovascular

Includes the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries,

and blood. They act as transporters for certain
fluids, gases, nutrients, hormones, and wastes.

lymphatic

Lymphatic vessels, lymph fluids, lymph nodes,

thymus, and spleen. Transports some of the
tissue fluid back to the bloodstream and carries
certain fatty substances away from the
digestive organs and into the bloodstreams.
Cells of the lymphatic system are called
lymphocytes and they can defend against
infections
by
removing
disease-causing

microorganisms and viruses from tissue fluid.

digestive

Receives food from the outside. Then they

break down the food molecules into simpler
forms that can pass through cell membranes
and be absorbed.

respiratory

Moves air in and out and exchange gases

between blood and the air.

urinary

Kidney removes wastes from blood and helps

maintain
the
bodys
water
and
salt
concentrations.

Reproductive

Produces whole new organisms like itself. Maleproduces sperm Female-produces egg cells or
oocytes.