ISSN: 0250-7161
eure@eure.cl
Pontificia Universidad Catlica de Chile
Chile
How to cite
Complete issue
More information about this article
Journal's homepage in redalyc.org
(OHVSDFLRSEOLFRHQHOGHEDWHDFWXDO
8QDUHIOH[LQFUWLFDVREUHHOXUEDQLVPR
SRVWPRGHUQR
Rodrigo Salcedo Hansen1
$EVWUDFW
3RVWPRGHUQ XUEDQLVWV KDYH DUJXHG WKDW SXEOLF VSDFH LV GLVDSSHDULQJ )RU
WKHP SXEOLF VSDFHV GHILQHG DV SODFHV RI FLWL]HQ FRQVWUXFWLRQ DQG VRFLDO
HQFRXQWHU KDYH EHHQ UHSODFHG E\ SVHXGR SXEOLF VSDFHV OLNH WKH PDOO RU WKH
JDWHG FRPPXQLW\ 7KLV QRVWDOJLF YLHZ RI D PRGHUQ P\WKLFDO SDVW GRHV QRW
FRQVLGHU D KLVWRULFDOO\ SUHFHGHQW DQG PRUH UHSUHVHQWDWLYH FKDUDFWHULVWLF RI
SXEOLFVSDFH$V)RXFDXOWZRXOGDUJXHSXEOLFVSDFHVDUHSODFHVZKHUHSRZHU
LV H[SUHVVHG DQG H[HUFLVHG +RZHYHU )RXFDXOW FHUWDLQO\ PLVVHV DQ DVSHFW
7KLV LV WKH SRVVLELOLW\ RI VRFLDO UHVLVWDQFH WR SRZHU H[SUHVVHG LQ WKH
UHSODFHPHQWRUDWOHDVWDOWHUDWLRQRIWKHPHDQLQJVRIXUEDQRUGHU,WLVXVLQJWKLV
IUDPHZRUNRISRZHUUHVLVWDQFHWRSRZHUWKDWWKHFRQFHSWRISXEOLFVSDFHDQG
WKH GLVFRXUVH WKDW GHILQHV LW DV D SODFH RI FLWL]HQ FRQVWUXFWLRQ VKRXOG EH UH
GLVFXVVHG
.H\ZRUGV3XEOLF6SDFH3RZHU5HVLVWDQFH
5HVXPHQ
(QODVOWLPDVGFDGDVORVXUEDQLVWDVSRVWPRGHUQRVKDQDUJXPHQWDGRTXHHO
HVSDFLR SEOLFR HVW GHVDSDUHFLHQGR 3DUD HOORV ORV HVSDFLRV SEOLFRV
GHILQLGRVFRPROXJDUHVGHFRQVWUXFFLQGHFLXGDGDQD\HQFXHQWURVRFLDOKDQ
VLGRDOPHQRVSDUFLDOPHQWHUHHPSOD]DGRVSRUHVSDFLRVSVHXGRSEOLFRVFRPR
HO PDOORODFRPXQLGDGHQUHMDGD(VWDQRVWOJLFDYLVLQGHXQSDVDGRPRGHUQR
PWLFR QR FRQVLGHUD XQD FDUDFWHUVWLFD PV UHSUHVHQWDWLYD H KLVWULFDPHQWH
SUHFHGHQWH GHO HVSDFLR SEOLFR $UJXPHQWDQGR HQ XQD OQHD VLPLODU D OD GH
)RXFDXOW ORV HVSDFLRV SEOLFRV VRQ DQWH WRGR OXJDUHV GRQGH HO SRGHU VH
H[SUHVD\HMHUFH6LQHPEDUJR)RXFDXOWSLHUGHGHYLVWDXQSXQWRFHQWUDO(VWH
HVODSRVLELOLGDGGHUHVLVWHQFLDVRFLDODOSRGHUH[SUHVDGDHQ ODSRVLELOLGDGGH
UHHPSOD]DU R DO PHQRV WUDQVIRUPDU HO VLJQLILFDGR GHO RUGHQ XUEDQR (V
0DOOV \ RWURV HVSDFLRV SVHXGRSEOLFRV DSDUHFHQ QR VOR FRPR XQ LQRFHQWH
FDPELR HQ HO SDLVDMH XUEDQR VLQR DGHPV FRPR XQ IDFWRU LPSRUWDQWH HQ OD
WUDQVIRUPDFLQGHQXHVWUDVLQWHUDFFLRQHVVRFLDOHV\ODWUDGLFLQOLEHUDOPRGHUQD
VREUH FPR LQWHUSUHWDU GLFKD LQWHUDFFLQ 6L OD GHPRFUDFLD OLEHUDO UHTXLHUH HO
7HFKQRORJLFDO0RELOLWLHVDQGWKH8UEDQ&RQGLWLRQGHEHDGPLWLUFDVLDOFRQFOXLU
HOOLEURODH[LVWHQFLD\WUDQVWHPSRUDOLGDGGHODUHVLVWHQFLD
/DYLGDGHODVJUDQGHVFLXGDGHVQRSXHGHVHUVLPSOHPHQWHSURJUDPDGDFRPR
XQ FRPSXWDGRU SRU SRGHURVDV IXHU]DV VRFLRHFRQPLFDV R LQWHUHVHV SROWLFRV
LQFOXVRGHQWURGHFRQWH[WRVFDSLWDOLVWDVH[WUHPRV\GHVLJXDOHV/DYLGDXUEDQD
HV PV GLYHUVD YDULDGD H LPSUHGHFLEOH TXH OR TXH ODV GLVWRSLDV XUEDQDV
EDVDGDVHQODVLWXDFLQGH((88VXJLHUHQ
(O DUJXPHQWR GH 'H &HUWHDX FRQVWDWD OD H[LVWHQFLD GH SUFWLFDV
DOWHUQDWLYDVSHURFLHUWDPHQWHOHVSRQHOPLWHDVFRPRWDPELQDODGLYHUVLGDG
GH XVRV TXH SXHGH DGRSWDU HO HVSDFLR /D UHVLVWHQFLD QR HVW DO QLYHO GH ODV
SUFWLFDVGRPLQDQWHVDXQPVHOODHVWFRQGLFLRQDGDSRUVWDV/DVGLVWLQWDV
DSURSLDFLRQHV GHO HVSDFLR QR GHEHQ HQWHQGHUVH HQ WUPLQRV GH XQD
FRPSHWHQFLD HQWUH GRV SUR\HFWRV DOWHUQDWLYRV VLQR FRPR HO UHVXOWDGR GH
LQWHUDFFLRQHVVRFLDOHVTXHRFXUUHQHQHOHVSDFLRYLYLGR\TXHSXHGHQGDUOXJDU
DGLYHUVRVVLJQLILFDGRV\SURSVLWRV
$V *UDPVFL VRVWLHQH TXH ORV VHFWRUHV GRPLQDQWHV HMHUFHQ XQD
KHJHPRQDVRFLDOVREUHODYLGD\DFFLRQHVGHODVSHUVRQDVODTXHVHWUDGXFH
HQ XQ FRQVHQWLPLHQWR HVSRQWQHR GH ODV PDVDV KDFLD OD GLUHFFLQ GH OD YLGD
VRFLDO LPSXHVWD VREUH HOORV (VWDV SUFWLFDV KHJHPQLFDV LPSRQHQ FLHUWDV
UHJXODFLRQHVDODYLGDFRWLGLDQDGHWRGRVORVPLHPEURVGHODVRFLHGDGPLHQWUDV
ODVSUFWLFDVGRPLQDGDVRVXEDOWHUQDVWUDEDMDQDFRPRGQGRVHUHHPSOD]DQGR
VLJQLILFDGRV QHJRFLDQGR \ HQ DOJXQRV FDVRV D WUDYV GH XQD UHVLVWHQFLD
DFWLYDDYHFHVYLROHQWDIUHQWHDORUGHQHVSDFLDOLPSXHVWR
/DKHJHPRQDHQWUPLQRVHVSDFLDOHVVLJQLILFDHQWRQFHVODQDWXUDOL]DFLQGH
XQD GRPLQDFLQ PDWHULDO D WUDYV GH OD LPSRVLFLQ GH FLHUWDV SHUFHSFLRQHV
HVSDFLR SHUFLELGR R LPDJLQDGR R UHSUHVHQWDFLRQHV GH FPR HO HVSDFLR GHEH
VHUDSURSLDGRXVDGR\YLYLGR
7DO FRPR )RXFDXOW DUJXPHQWD TXH ORV PHFDQLVPRV GHO SRGHU KDQ FDPELDGR
KLVWULFDPHQWH VH SXHGH VRVWHQHU TXH ODV FDUDFWHUVWLFDV GH ODV SUFWLFDV
GRPLQDQWHV \ SROWLFDV GH UHJXODFLQ HVSDFLDO WDPELQ FDPELDQ GHSHQGLHQGR
GH ORV HIHFWRV LQWHUQRV GH OD GLVWULEXFLQ HVSDFLDO \ ODV FRQGLFLRQHV VRFLDOHV
H[WHUQDVGDGDVSRUODFRUUHODFLQGHIXHU]DV\ODVQHFHVLGDGHVGHORVGLVWLQWRV
SURJUDPDV H LQWHUHVHV (QWRQFHV OD LGHD GHO HVSDFLR SEOLFR LQWHJUDGRU
&RPPXQLFDWLRQ1HZ<RUN3ULQFHWRQ$UFKLWHFWXUDO3UHVV
%UDXQIHOV:8UEDQLVPR2FFLGHQWDO0DGULG$OLDQ]D(GLWRULDO
&DOGHLUD 7 &LW\ RI ZDOOV &ULPH VHJUHJDWLRQ DQG FLWL]HQVKLS LQ 6DR
3DXOR%HUNHOH\8QLYHUVLW\RI&DOLIRUQLD3UHVV
&DVWHOOV07KH8UEDQ4XHVWLRQ/RQGRQ(GZDUG$UQROG
BBBBBBBBBBBBB7KH,QIRUPDWLRQ$JH(FRQRP\6RFLHW\DQG&XOWXUH9RO
,&DPEULGJH%ODFNZHOO
&HUG , /DV FLQFR EDVHV GH OD WHRUD JHQHUDO GH OD XUEDQL]DFLQ
0DGULG(OHFWD>@
'DYLV 0 &LW\ RI 4XDUW] ([FDYDWLQJ WKH IXWXUH RI /RV $QJHOHV 1HZ
<RUN9HUVR
'H &HUWHDX 0 7KH SUDFWLFH RI HYHU\GD\ OLIH %HUNHOH\ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI
&DOLIRUQLD3UHVV
REVHUYDWLRQDQGDXWKHQWLFVRXUFHV1HZ<RUN*UDQDGD3XEOLVKHUV>@
)DLQVWHLQ67KHFLW\EXLOGHUV&DPEULGJH%ODFNZHOO
)LVKPDQ5%RXUJHLRV8WRSLDV7KHULVHDQGIDOORIVXEXUELD1HZ<RUN
%DVLF%RRNV
)RXFDXOW 0 'LVFLSOLQHDQG3XQLVK7KHELUWKRIWKHSULVRQ1HZ<RUN
9LQWDJH%RRNV
BBBBBBBBBBBBBB 3RZHU .QRZOHGJH 6HOHFWHG LQWHUYLHZV DQG :ULWLQJV
1HZ<RUN3DQWKHRQ%RRNV
)RXUTXHW ) \ / 0XUDUG /RV HTXLSDPLHQWRV GHO 3RGHU &LXGDGHV
WHUULWRULRV\HTXLSDPLHQWRVFROHFWLYRV%DUFHORQD*XVWDYR*LOL(GLWRUHV
*RWWGLHQHU 0 7KH WKHPLQJ RI $PHULFD 'UHDPV YLVLRQV DQG
FRPPHUFLDOVSDFHV%RXOGHU:HVWYLHZ
*UDKDP6\60DUYLQ6SOLQWHULQJXUEDQLVP1HWZRUNHG,QIUDVWUXFWXUH
7HFKQRORJLFDO0RELOLWLHVDQGWKH8UEDQ&RQGLWLRQ1HZ<RUN5RXWOHGJH
*UDPVFL $ 6HOHFWLRQV IURP WKH 3ULVRQ 1RWHERRNV 1HZ <RUN
,QWHUQDWLRQDO3XEOLVKHUV
+DEHUPDV-7KHRU\RI&RPPXQLFDWLYH$FWLRQ%RVWRQ%HDFRQ3UHVV
BBBBBBBBBBB 7KH 6WUXFWXUDO 7UDQVIRUPDWLRQ RI WKH 3XEOLF 6SKHUH $Q
,QTXLU\LQWRDFDWHJRU\RI%RXUJHRLV6RFLHW\&DPEULGJH7KH0,73UHVV
+DOO3&LWLHVRIWRPRUURZ0DOGHQ%ODFNZHOO
+DUYH\ ' 6RFLDO -XVWLFH DQG WKH &LW\ %DOWLPRUH -RKQ +RSNLQV
8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
BBBBBBBBBBB7KHFRQGLWLRQRISRVWPRGHUQLW\&DPEULGJH%ODFNZHOO
-DFREV - 7KH 'HDWK DQG /LIH RI *UHDW $PHULFDQ &LWLHV 1HZ <RUN
9LQWDJH%RRNV>@
-XGG'7KHULVHRIWKHQHZZDOOHGFLWLHV/LJJHW+\'3HUU\HGV
6SDWLDO3UDFWLFHV7KRXVDQG2DNV6DJH
BBBBBBBBBBB (QFORVXUH &RPPXQLW\ DQG 3XEOLF /LIH 5HVHDUFK LQ
&RPPXQLW\6RFLRORJ\
BBBBBBBBBBB 9LVLWRUV DQG WKH VSDWLDO HFRORJ\ RI WKH FLW\ +RIIPDQ /
)DLQVWHLQ6\'-XGG &LWLHVDQGYLVLWRUV5HJXODWLQJWRXULVWVPDUNHWVDQGFLW\
SULYDWHJRYHUQPHQW1HZ+DYHQ<DOH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
6HQQHWW 5 7KH )DOO RI WKH 3XEOLF 0DQ 1HZ <RUN :: 1RUWKRQ
&RPSDQ\
BBBBBBBBBBB 7KH FRQVFLHQFH RI WKH H\H 7KH GHVLJQ DQG VRFLDO OLIH RI
FLWLHV1HZ<RUN::1RUWKRQ &RPSDQ\
6RMD ( 7KLUGVSDFH -RXUQH\V WR /RV $QJHOHV DQG RWKHU UHDO DQG
LPDJLQHGSODFHV0DOGHQ%ODFNZHOO
BBBBBBBBBBB 3RVWPHWURSROLV &ULWLFDO VWXGLHV RI FLWLHV DQG UHJLRQV
0DOGHQ%ODFNZHOO
6RUNLQ0 9DULDWLRQVRQDWKHPHSDUN7KHQHZ$PHULFDQFLW\DQGWKH
HQGRISXEOLFVSDFH1HZ<RUN)DUUDU6WUDXVDQG*LURX[
6RFLORJR3K'F8QLYHUVLW\RI,OOLQRLV&KLFDJR3URIHVRUGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG$OEHUWR+XUWDGR
6DQWLDJRGH&KLOHUVDOFHGR#PLQVHJSUHVFO