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$$44-—— On this spread you'll learn how waves erode the coast, and about some W Durule Door isa tamous coastal
of the landforms that are created as a result. ‘archon the Jurassic Coast, which
hhas boon eroded by the sea
The Jurassic Coast
Dorset, in southern England, has some of the UK's
‘most stunning coastal scenery. In 2001, part of the
Dorset and east Devon coast was made a World
Heritage Site. I's known as the Jurassic Coast,
because i's important trom a geological point of view
(and ‘Jurassic’ is the name of a geological period). But
the Jurassic Coast, Ike other parts of the coast around
the UK is under threat from erosion,
How is the coast eroded?
Erosian is the process of wearing away and breaking
down rocks. The most important feature of a coast
is the type of rock in the area, Coasts made of hard
rock are worn away slowly over hundreds of years,
‘with most of the erosion occurring during storm:
‘when waves are very powertul. Three types of coastal Sees TT
exosion are explained in the diagram. Against the cif by
‘Water is forced inte pos Serres
What landforms are caused by erosion? || 9s in he eck cea eeenrs
is compresses he
i air sig. vihon the wave | is called abrasion.
Cliffs and wave-cut platforms eee ve
Cliffs and wave-cut platforms form where erosion is, air blasts out. It can
taking place force the rock anar.
Tis is called hydraulic
Waves hit the hottomot the elt ereding 2 wave-cut Goes
‘notch, The cif above the notch is undercut and the
‘overhanging rock eventually falls - leaving a steep clit
face,
Loose sediment knocked off the cif by hydraulic
action and abrasion fs swirled around by the waves.
constantly colides with other seciment, and gradually
gets worn down into smaller and rounder sediment,
As the iff erodes, ‘This is called attrition.
sem itleaves behind : :
flat rocks and 5 ; =
rock pools. This is S The main types of coastal
erosion
Thare is ancihor process of
ferasion called! solution,
This happens when
seawater dssoives material
from the rock. happens
along limastona ang chk
coasts, when calcium
carbonate is atssolredHeadlands and bays
Where coasts are formed from alternating bands of
hard and soft rocks, destructive waves will erode the
softer tock to form bays and coves. The more-resistant
harder rock then sticks out into the sea as headlands
You can see these on the OS map extract. Look for
PeverilPoint at 041786 and Tha Foreland at 055824.
06
your planet
(ove of the reasons why a
ra N
1ejmassic Coast sa
World Heritage site ° tk
because i's fll m
falling
into the sea!
Caves, arches and stacks
Many rocks contain joints ang faults. These are areas
of weakness, that are eroded to form caves. arches
and - in the end ~ stacks, as the diagram shows.
A 1:50 000 08 map extract of Swanage Bay, Dorset
‘Y How caves, arches and stacks form
1 Ajaint or fait in 4 The archis eroded and the root
resitant rock beoames too heavy and colapses.
5 This eaves
| attall sack.
{6 The stack is eroded
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| SEASON) [> eerste raconpeg sues Iraoalapoe eng
| tofom acave, through the headland to make an arch. stump.
Snares
1 Dethe tase terms tom the tert erosion, we-cut neh, wute-cut 4 Findte folowing on he OS map, and gves-igce oid reces
plat, forttem
2 Deserve two waysin which cfs aw code, using adage 0 Tily Wim Caves, Anal Post, Bala Ci, The Paces.
eh. 5 Look crefuly at the 0S map. Wrat iden can you see thal
3 Find ol Hary and Olay’ We on the OS map xtra at are ands of rardr and sate rocks ont bit of coasting?
(056825, Deserve andoxpla ow they became stacks,