Coordinates: 390903N 783232W

Hebron Church (Intermont, West Virginia)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hebron Church (also historically known as Great Capon Church,

Hebron Lutheran Church, and Hebron Evangelical Lutheran
Church) is a mid-19th century Lutheran church in Intermont,
Hampshire County, in the U.S. state of West Virginia. Hebron Church
was founded in 1786 as Great Capon Church by German settlers in the
Cacapon River Valley, making it the rst Lutheran church west of the
Shenandoah Valley. The congregation worshiped in a log church, which
initially served both Lutheran and Reformed denominations. Its
congregation was originally German-speaking; the church's documents
and religious services were in German until 1821, when records and
sermons transitioned to English.
The church's congregation built the present Greek Revival-style 112story church building in 1849, when it was renamed Hebron on the
Cacapon. The original log church was moved across the road and
subsequently used as a sexton's house, Sunday school classroom, and
public schoolhouse (attended by future West Virginia governor Herman
G. Kump).
To celebrate the congregation's 175th anniversary in 1961, Hebron
Church constructed a brick community and religious education building
designed to be architecturally compatible with the 1849 brick church. As
of October 2015, the church continues to be used by the West VirginiaWestern Maryland Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in
America. Hebron Church was listed on the National Register of Historic
Places on December 16, 2014 for its architectural distinction as a local
example of vernacular Greek Revival church architecture in the Potomac
Highlands.

Hebron Church
U.S. National Register of Historic Places

Main faade (northwestern elevation) of

Hebron Church, 2015

Location

Contents
1 Geography and setting
2 History
2.1 Background
2.2 Establishment
2.3 Construction
2.4 Later history
2.5 Preservation
2.6 Pastors
3 Architecture
3.1 Exterior
3.2 Interior
3.3 Community building
3.4 Cemetery
4 See also
5 References

10851 Carpers Pike

(West Virginia Route
259)
Intermont, West
Virginia, United
States[2]

Coordinates

390903N
783232W

Area

3.879 acres (1.570ha)

Built

1849, 1905

Architecturalstyle Greek Revival

NRHPReference# 14001057 (http://focus.
nps.gov/AssetDetail/N
RIS/14001057)[1]
Designated

December 16, 2014

5 References
6 Bibliography
7 External links

Geography and setting

Hebron Church and its cemetery are located east of Carpers Pike (West Virginia
Route 259) in the unincorporated community of Intermont, about 3.20 miles
(5.15km) southwest of Yellow Spring, and 5.63 miles (9.06km) northeast of the
town of Wardensville.[3] Capon Lake and the Capon Lake Whipple Truss Bridge
are 0.64 miles (1.03km) northeast of the church.[3][4] The church and its cemetery
are on a 3.879-acre (1.570ha) lot.[5]
Hebron Church is on the plain of a predominantly rural agricultural and forested
area of southeastern Hampshire County, in the Cacapon River Valley.[3][6] Baker
Mountain, a forested, narrow anticlinal mountain ridge, rises west of the church,
and the western rolling foothills of the anticlinal Great North Mountain rise east of
the valley.[3] The Cacapon River, just southeast of the church, is hidden from the

The Cacapon River, looking

north from the Capon Lake
Whipple Truss Bridge, 0.64
miles (1.03km) northeast of
Hebron Church

church and cemetery by mature foliage.[3][6] George Washington National Forest,

encompassing the forested area east of the Cacapon River, is east of the church.[3]
The National Register of Historic Places listing for Hebron Church includes the brick church and cemetery. They
are accessible from WV 259 by a semicircular asphalt driveway, separated from the church and cemetery by a
wrought iron fence and lined with large, old-growth maple trees along the property's northwestern perimeter. A
paved brick walkway leads from the gate to the northwestern faade and two main entrances of the church. The
church is surrounded on its northeastern, southeastern, and southwestern sides by a cemetery which is still in use.
The cemetery contains over 600 gravestones, several yuccas, a hemlock tree, and a boxwood. A modern brick
community building, within the historic boundary south of the church and cemetery, is used for church activities.[6]

History
Background
The land on which Hebron Church and its cemetery are located was originally part of the Northern Neck
Proprietary, a land grant from Charles II of England to seven of his supporters in 1649 which was renewed by an
ofcial patent in 1688.[7][8][9] One of these seven supporters, Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper, acquired
the entire area in 1681; his grandson, Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, inherited it in 1719.[7][10][11]
Under Fairfax's ownership, the Cacapon River Valley was predominantly inhabited by English-speaking settlers as
early as the late 1730s; most came from Pennsylvania and New Jersey.[12][13] As settlement progressed during the
second half of the 18th century, the fertile land of Hampshire County (including the Cacapon River Valley) also
attracted German settlers from Pennsylvania and elsewhere in Virginia before and after the American
Revolutionary War (17751783).[13][14]

Establishment

As the population of German settlers in the region began to increase, the desire for Lutheran religious services and
education also grew. Ministers, including Henry Muhlenberg disciple Christian Streit, began to establish
congregations in the largest communities of western Virginia.[14] Muhlenberg was a German pastor, requested by
colonists in Pennsylvania, who served as a missionary there from 1742 until his death in 1787;[15] he is considered
the patriarch of the Lutheran Church in the United States.[14] Johannes Schwarback and Muhlenberg's son, Peter,
reportedly visited the Cacapon River Valley between 1763 and 1776 (before Hebron Church's founding).[16] Streit,
charged with ministering to a Lutheran congregation in Winchester, settled there on July 19, 1785.[14][17][18]
Hebron Church, originally known as the Great Capon Church, was established by early German settlers in 1786 as
a united German congregation of the Reformed and Lutheran denominations.[19][20][21] The congregation was also
known as the German Churches, since it served both denominations. In its earliest days, the church was served by
pastors connected with congregations in the Shenandoah Valley.[22] Streit incorporated the church into his circuit
shortly after its founding, regularly traveling to the Cacapon River Valley for baptisms and weddings, but his
ministry did not extend west of Cooper Mountain.[13][20] According to the oldest extant church record, six people
were conrmed in the Lutheran Synod and nine conrmed in the German Reformed Church in November 1786. On
September 23, 1787, seven more people were conrmed in the Lutheran Synod; the church's enrollment then began
to increase.[19]
Early religious services were held in the log church[19][22] on land deeded to Reformed trustee Jacob Huber and
Lutheran trustee John Nicholas Schweitzer, both of whom were church elders in 1786.[20][21] The deed conveying
the land to the trustees specied that it was to be used for a German church and burial yard.[20][23] The united
congregation became Hebron Church, the rst Lutheran church west of the Shenandoah Valley.[20]
While the Reformed and Lutheran congregations used the log church, they were ministered by two pastors.
Abraham Gottlieb Deschler ministered to the Lutherans, and Jacob Rebas (or Repass) ministered to the Reformed
congregation until the latter dissolved around 1813.[20] Although the church served both denominations, it was later
served by one minister (Reformed or Lutheran).[22] Originally a German-speaking congregation, its documents and
religious services were in German until 1821 (an early transition to English for a German denomination in the
United States).[13][20][21] By that time, under the pastorship of Abraham Reck (181221), the congregation was
known as Capon Church.[22]

Construction
The congregation of Great Capon Church built the present one-and-a-half-story Lutheran church building in 1849,
when it was briey renamed Hebron on the Cacapon after Hebron (the city associated with Judah, Abraham, and
Isaac).[19][20][24] The church was later known simply as Hebron Church.[20][24]
The brick church was constructed east of the original log structure, which was west of the present community
building. The 1849 church was originally topped by a wooden shake roof, and its windows had double-hung
wooden sashes. Its pews were built by Alfred Brill, Jacob Himmelwright and Frederick Secrist with lumber milled
by Brill.[20] The church was constructed under the ministry of H. J. Richardson (184853).[22]
The log church was moved from its original location in the south corner of the cemetery to a hill across the road
from the brick church.[19] It was used as a sexton's house for the church, and was a Sunday school classroom for
about 30 years.[19][20][22] In addition to religious instruction, the log building was a public schoolhouse.[19][20]

Future West Virginia governor Herman G. Kump and his brother, judge Garnett Kerr Kump, received part of their
primary education in the schoolhouse.[19] By 1885, a Mr. Miller was teaching business principles at the school.[20]
The log building succumbed to the elements, and no longer exists.[19]

Later history
Peter Miller ministered to the congregation at Hebron Church four times, for a total of 25 years, between 1858 and
1918.[25] Licensed in 1858 and ordained in 1860, Miller engaged in missionary work for rural congregants in the
Capon and North River Parish of Hampshire and Hardy counties for 60 years.[25][26] He established many of the
area's Lutheran churches and, according to the North Carolina Synod of the Lutheran Church in America, was "an
outstanding gure in this large, mountainous, thinly populated territory, who for sixty years almost continuously
was recognized as everybody's pastor."[25][26] By 1867, the church membership was 106, its largest congregation to
date.[22]
On October 13, 1879, a post ofce was established near Hebron Church to serve
the adjacent community (then known as Mutton Run).[27] In December 1884, the
church roof caught re from an adjacent ue, burning a hole through the
sanctuary's ceiling which was soon repaired.[28] On August 1115, 1886, Hebron
Church celebrated its centennial.[22][29] During the celebration, Miller read a
complete history of the German churches in the region.[25] The centennial was
reportedly the rst of any Lutheran congregation in the southern United States.[16]
The wrought-iron fence along the church driveway was installed in April 1895,

The 1895 wrought-iron fence

at Hebron Church

replacing a picket fence.[6][30] In 1905, the church's wood roof was replaced with a
metal one, the present stained-glass windows were installed, its interior and woodwork were painted, and new
lamps were installed for better illumination.[28] The stained-glass windows were supplied by Madison Alling of
Newark, New Jersey in memory of his father, who summered at nearby Capon Springs Resort.[28][31] Alling also
provided four hanging lamps and calcimine for the interior walls and paint for the interior woodwork.[28][31] Anton
Reymann of Wheeling, West Virginia funded the metal roof and the sanctuary's painting and decoration.[28][31]
On June 11, 1915, the post ofce changed its name to Intermont (after the Intermountain Construction Company),
operating until its closure on January 29, 1972.[27] The unincorporated community around Hebron Church
continues to be known as Intermont, after the former post ofce.[27] By 1921, the Winchester and Western Railroad
had been constructed to the east of Hebron Church by the Intermountain Construction Company to connect
Wardensville with Winchester and develop the area's timber, mining, and fruit industries.[27][32][33]
In 1932, the church's piano was donated by George E. Brill of Baltimore.[28][31] Hebron Church celebrated its
150th anniversary in 1936, during the pastorate of Lawrence P. Williamson (193037).[16] On October 29, 1961, in
celebration of the church's 175th anniversary, the congregation dedicated a new brick community and religiouseducation building designed to be architecturally compatible with the 1849 brick church.[19][21][34] The new
building, which hosted community gatherings, events and Sunday school,[28] was built just south of the brick
church at the edge of the cemetery (where the old log church was originally located).[19] Walter A. Sigman (1960
65) was pastor when the community building was dedicated.[16]

Preservation
In 2008, a survey of historic properties in the county was undertaken by the State
Historic Preservation Ofce of the West Virginia Division of Culture and History.
Following this survey, the Hampshire County Historic Landmarks Commission
and the Hampshire County Commission began an initiative to place these identied
structures and districts on the National Register of Historic Places.[35] Preparation
of the necessary documentation for Hebron Church, French's Mill, Yellow Spring
Mill, and the Nathaniel and Isaac Kuykendall House began in April 2013, when
Governor Earl Ray Tomblin awarded $10,500 to the Hampshire County
Commission.[36] The cost of the commission's documentation of the history and
signicance of the four properties was $15,000, of which the county paid

Northwestern and
southwestern elevations of
the church

$4,500.[36]
All four properties were accepted for the NRHP on December 16, 2014,[1][37] with Hebron Church a unique local
example of Greek Revival church architecture in the Potomac Highlands.[14] Because the church's original
architectural design, workmanship, and building materials are extant, architectural historian Sandra Scafdi
assessed the church as providing "insight into the construction techniques of a mid-19th-century ecclesiastical
building."[14] Hebron Church is one of six extant, rural pre-Civil War church buildings in Hampshire County; the
other ve are Bloomery Presbyterian Church (1825), Mount Bethel Church (1837), Old Pine Church (1838), Capon
Chapel (c. 1852), and North River Mills United Methodist Church (1860).[38]
As of October 2015, the church's congregation is part of the Potomac Conference in the West Virginia-Western
Maryland Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Ministered by David A. Twedt, Hebron Church
has 22 baptized members, 19 conrmed members and an average attendance of six.[39][40]

Pastors
Since the church's founding in 1786, the following pastors have ministered to the congregation at Hebron
Church:[41]
Abraham Gottleib Deschler
(1786)
Jacob Rebas (or Repass)
(1786) [20]
John Lotroizer (1793)
Carl A. Keirst (1797)
William Forster (17991805)
M. Willey (1802)
Paul Henkel (18089)
Christian Streit (180911)
M. Franke (1811)
G. W. Schneider (1812)
Abraham Reck (181221)[22]
W. G. Keil (182227)
L. Eichelberger (182938)
I. Baker (1839)
W. Shepperson (184142)
J. T. Tabler (1843)

J. Richard (184546)
H. J. Richardson (1848
53)[22]
William Rusmissel (185357)
Peter Miller (185871)
Webster Eichelberger (1871
77)
L. M. Sibole (187883)
Peter Miller (188490)
P. J. Wade (189095)
D. W. Michael (189598)
W. H. Riser (189899)
Peter Miller (18981900)
J. K. Efred (18991901)
C. M. Fox (19025)
M. L. Camp (1905)
P. J. Wade (19058)
A. M. Smith (19089)

C. W. Hepner (1910)
H. E. H. Sloop (191115)
Peter Miller (191518)
P. L. Miller (191819)
D. W. Files (191923)
George W. Stroudemeyer
(192730)
Lawrence P. Williamson
(193037)
Martin Luther Zirkle (1938
42)
Herbert P. Stelling (194344
and 194748)
Charles A. Stroh (1949)
Gordon K. Zirkle (195059)
Walter A. Sigman (196065)
Martin T. Young (196769)
Elmer Ganskopp (197076)

David A. Twedt (current as of

October 2015)[39]
Reformed pastors; the remaining pastors were Lutheran.[41]

Architecture
According to Sandra Scafdi, Hebron Church's architecture exemplies a "local
interpretation" of the Greek Revival architectural style, which was popular at the
time of its construction. With its simple wooden doors, returning eaves and
symmetrical front gable design, Hebron Church is representative of a vernacular
interpretation of Greek Revival architecture. Only one other church building in
eastern Hampshire County, Timber Ridge Christian Church in High View, was
built of brick.[34] The overall plan of Hebron Church exemplies traditional
Lutheranism, with the sanctuary's one-room oor plan enabling the congregation to
be near its minister and easily participate in worship.[38] Scafdi wrote, "The
Greek Revival front-gable form of the Hebron Church reects the early settlers'

Northwestern and
northeastern elevations of the
church

desire to worship in a modest, uncluttered fashion."[42]

Exterior
The 1849 church is a small, one-and-a-half-story, front-gable building.[6][43] The main faade (northwestern
elevation) has two main entrances, enclosed by white-painted wood, recessed panel doors, and capped by whitepainted stone lintels with two stone corner blocks. The church's exterior is brickwork, laid in Flemish bond on the
main faade and a ve-course American bond on the northeastern, southeastern and southwestern elevations.[6]
Two blue-gray stained glass windows (installed in 1905) are symmetrically placed above the main entrances, each
capped by stone lintels with two stone corner blocks. The main faade is crowned by a white painted entablature
molding with two cornice returns, exemplifying Greek Revival architectural design. In the top of the gable, a
square date stone engraved "1849" is embedded in the brickwork above a gooseneck light xture.[44] Although the
church is now topped by a metal standing-seam roof, it was originally sheathed by wooden shakes.[6][45]
On the church's northeastern elevation there are three large, symmetrical stainedglass windows, each with a xed upper sash and a lower hopper sash. Like the
main faade's doorways and windows, the sills, lintels and lintel corner blocks of
the stained-glass windows are white-painted stone. Below the windows is an
exposed coursed-stone foundation with ve tie-rod masonry anchor plates. A small
brick chimney is present on this elevation. The church's southwestern elevation
also has a coursed-stone foundation, with ve tie-rod anchor plates, banked into
the ground below three symmetrical stained-glass windows with xed upper sashes
Southwestern and
and lower hopper sashes and encased with white-painted stone sills, lintels and
southeastern elevations of the
lintel corner blocks. On this elevation are a small brick chimney in the roof slope
church
and metal snowbirds along the roof line. Downspouts are located at the southern
corners of the northeastern and southwestern elevations. The church's southeastern
(rear) elevation has an exposed coursed-stone foundation 4 feet (1.2m) high, due to its location on sloping ground.
At the center of this elevation is a protruding, gabled brick extension for the interior altar, with symmetrical
stained-glass windows on both sides. The gabled protrusion is capped by aluminum ashing.[44] An 1895 wroughtiron fence encloses the property's northwestern perimeter, and a paved brick walkway provides pedestrian access
from the driveway to the two main entrances.[6]

Interior
The church interior has an open oor plan, with a sanctuary measuring 28 feet (8.5m) wide and 43 feet (13m)
long. The oor plan is an open nave, with two aisles partitioning three sections of rectangular wooden pews.
Although the pews had been painted white, they have been restored to their original wood nish. The sanctuary's
interior walls are plaster, and the oors are sheathed in wide wooden planks. The nave is topped by a ceiling
fabricated on tongue and groove wooden planks painted white. Three large stained-glass windows, framed by
wooden molding and recessed approximately 6 inches (15cm), are symmetrically located on the northeastern and
southwestern walls. The lower portion of each window contains a memorial dedication, which opens into its lower
hopper sash. On the northwestern side of the interior are the two main entry doors, which access an unadorned
narthex. Two tapered-square pilasters support an upper gallery loft, possibly used by slaves during religious
services. The gallery is fronted by a solid balustrade, accented with dentil molding and recessed wooden panels.[44]
At the southeastern end of the sanctuary, the altar is atop a decagonal platform
about 8 feet (2.4m) above the oor and accessible by a pair of four-step staircases.
On the elevated platform is also a table holding a Bible. A recessed rectangular
apse, anked by a pair of uted, engaged columns, is behind the altar. A painting
of Jesus hangs in the center of the apse, with an American ag to its immediate
north. An organ and a piano are north of the altar, with a baptismal font south of it.
The altar platform and aisles are carpeted red. The sanctuary's northern and
southern elevations exposed brick chimneys connected to gas heating units, which
were installed around 1970. A brass chandelier with clear glass hurricane globes is
suspended in the center of the sanctuary; on the northern and southern elevations,

Interior of the church

two brass electric lanterns are adjacent to the stained-glass windows.[28]

The upper gallery on the northwestern side of the church is accessed by a twelve-step wooden spiral staircase, and
has an unnished wooden oor. Four wooden pews have white-painted sides and unnished seats and rails. The
gallery's ceiling height is about 6 feet (1.8m) at its tallest and about 5 feet (1.5m) at its shortest, due to the sloping
wooden oor. Two stained-glass windows, which cannot be opened, are along the northwest wall. A small closet,
accessible through a wooden door with two parallel vertical panels and original latch hardware, is at the base of the
staircase. The church's original plasterwork and a 10-inch (25cm) vertically-cut wooden board, suggesting halftimbering, are visible in the closet.[28]

Community building
The church's community building, a non-contributing structure within the historic
boundary, is southwest of the church. The building is a venue for Sunday school
classes and community gatherings. The front gable building, completed in 1961, is
sheathed in brickwork. Similar to the church, the building is built into a gentlysloping bank with its one-story elevation at grade facing west toward WV 259.[28]
Its two-story eastern elevation is at the foot of the hillside.[46]
The building's western faade has a central entryway with double doors, topped by
The 1961 community
a six-light transom and anked by engaged pilasters. Its gable, sheathed in
building
aluminum siding, incorporates a gabled pediment and the building's perimeter is
surrounded by a wide, at frieze. The building's southern elevation has wooden
windows with 12-over-12 double-hung sashes on brick window sills. Its basement level has one entrance, anked
by wooden double-hung sash windows and four casement windows. The northeastern elevation has three stainedglass windows on the main level, with three wooden eight-over-eight double-hung sash windows; a single wooden
six-over-six double-hung sash window is in the gable. The building is roofed with asphalt shingles, and a brick

chimney is along the slope of the northern elevation's roof line. Its northeastern elevation has ve wooden 16-over16 double-hung sash windows on the main level and four on the lower level, in addition to two wooden four-overfour sash windows.[46]

Cemetery
Hebron Church is surrounded on three sides by a cemetery, consisting of about 700
granite, marble, slate and wooden gravestones laid in semi-regular rows running
northeast to southeast.[6][46] The cemetery also abuts the northeastern elevation of
the community building. Its interments date from about 1806 to the present; early
gravestones have deteriorated beyond recognition, and may be older than 1806.
Slaves and other people of color are interred in a small area of the cemetery's
southeastern section, with simpler markers than the cemetery's other gravestones.
Although its gravestones are generally rectangular granite stones and large
obelisks, the cemetery's earliest gravestones were simple wooden boards. Several
gravestones are ornately carved, including one modeled on a tree stump. The

The church and its cemetery,

seen from the north

cemetery is active, with the most recent burials at the property's northern end.[46]
Dr. William Blum, Sr., an electrochemist at the National Bureau of Standards who invented a chrome plating
technique used in banknote printing, is interred at the cemetery.[47][48][49]

See also
List of historic sites in Hampshire County, West Virginia
National Register of Historic Places listings in Hampshire County, West Virginia

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Archived from the original on October 5, 2015. Retrieved October 5, 2015.

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External links
Hebron Church Cemetery: Inventory of Interments (https://web.archive.org/web/20151005190239/http://hist
orichampshire.org/cems/hebron.htm)
Media related to Old Hebron Lutheran Church (Intermont, West Virginia) at Wikimedia Commons
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Hebron_Church_(Intermont,_West_Virginia)&oldid=756534587"
Categories: Lutheran churches in West Virginia Churches in Hampshire County, West Virginia
19th-century Lutheran churches in the United States Reformed church buildings
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia Churches completed in 1849
Lutheran cemeteries Protestant Reformed cemeteries
Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Hampshire County, West Virginia 1786 establishments in Virginia
1849 establishments in Virginia Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
Lutheran congregations established in the 18th century Religious organizations established in 1786
Greek Revival churches in West Virginia German-American culture in West Virginia
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