huge losses
differential pressure
momentum
variable area
force
thermal
fluid surface height
other
14
orifice meters
(3)
high sensitivity
15
Venturi tubes
laminar flowmeters
128L
Q
4
D
( 4)
turbine meters
18
thermal flowmeters
q
cp
C
calibration required
nonintrusive arrangement is also possible
20
weirs
acoustic flowmeters
laser flowmeters
Coriolis-acceleration flowmeters
magnetic flowmeters
23