Name: Mirasol M.

Besin
Schedule: Tuesday&Thursday(4:00-5:30)

Theory
1.)Mental Model
Theory

2.)Experiential
Learning Theory

3.)Prepositional
Theory

4.)Bottom-Up

Definition
Beliefs,ideas,images,and
verbal description that
we
consciously
or
unconsciously
form
from our experiences
and which guide our
thoughts and actions
First hand experience.
Skills,knowledge,and
experience are acquired
outside of the traditional
academic
classroom
setting. It is based on
four main elements
which operates in a
continuos cycle during
the learning experience.
Concrete
Experience
Reflective Observation
Abstract
conceptualization
Active experimentation
It focuses on the
learning comprehension
that involves the higher
cognitive functions of
abstractions
and
symbolization. The main
ideas are organized in an
hierarchal fashion with
the most things given the
highest priority to be
memorized.
It is reading model that

Example

Important Notes

A girl is reading a
novel story and
she imagined that
the real scenario
is happening at
the story.

Mental models are

active,they
shape
how we act,the
decisions that we
take,the action that
we engage in.

Example of this
is. When you let
the students see a
real
animals
rather
than
showing them a
picture of it in the
class
and
explaining it to
them.

This theory also

based on the idea
that learning is a
process
through
transformation
of
experiences.

-peoples
misconceptions
about
the
politicians
are
presented.

This
can
help
students
better
learning and help
them
understand
concepts and apply
it
to
everyday
situations.

The learner reads It can help students

emphasizes the written

or printed text. It
emphasizes the ability to
decode or put into sound
what is seen from the
text.
5.)Top-Down

6.)Interactive

7.)Schema

8.)Multi-Lingual

This is where the

DECODING occurs. It
is also known as inside
out
model,conceptdriven model,and whole
to part model,uses the
meaning given by the
reader to the text.
It is a reading model that
recognizes
the
interaction of bottom-up
and top-down process
simultaneously
throughout the reading
process.

It is an individuals way
to understand or create
meaning about a thing or
an experience.

a book and then

he was asked by
the teacher if
what did he/she
understand from
the
text
the
he/she read.
It
helps
the
students
recognize
unfamiliar words
through the use
of meaning and
grammatical
cues.
Showing teacherstudent
interaction in the
classroom.

in learning and
comprehending or
interpreting what is
inside the text.

-it
allows
the
learners and the
readers to decode a
text even without
understanding
the
meaning of each
word.
A students attitude
towards reading is
important,and as a
way
to
help
students have a
positive
attitude
towards reading is to
allow them to pick
topics that interest
them.
Schema is just like a
mind that has a
filing cabinet and
each drawer has
folders that contain
files of things he has
had an experience
with.

For instance,if a
child sees a dog
for
the
first
time,he creates
his own schema
of what a dog is.
It has 4 legs and
tail,it barks,and it
is fury. The child
then put the
description in his
mind. When he
sees
another
similar dog,in his
mind,looks
at
animal and says,
It
has
4
legs,tail,barks
and fury. Its a
dog!
Typically refers to first When the child Theres no hard time

Theory

9.)Cognitive
Theory

10.)Socio-Cultural
Theory

languagefirsteducation,that
is,schooling
which
begins in the mother
tongue and transitions to
additional
languages.
Multi-Lingual literacy
theory might enrich
understandings of multilingual
learners
literacys
in
many
ways.especially
in
leading educators in
creating new visions of
research
and
instructions,and also by
helping the researchers
and practitioners learn
together across fields.
This refers to the change
in the childrens in
childrens patterns of
thinking as they grew
older. And how they
process
informations.
Like output and the
input.
In
this
theory,it
emphasizes how can
their experiences at
home and at school
influence the reading
development of the
child.

reads a certain
text then in that
text it uses other
type of language.
The learner now
can understand
the text that
he/she is reading.

for
the
learner
comprehend
a
certain text and
communicating with
others because he
knows
different
types of languages.

-a teacher is
reading a story
using the native
language.

-a
group
of
students
are
reading
their
books in the
Developmental
reading subject.

This theory focuses

on everything that
the
learner/reader
reads
must
be
processed.

-based on the
video,it shows
there that one of
the student is
poor and she has
lack reading
materials it is one
of the reasons
why she cannot
read
fluently,while the
other student who
is financially rich
has a very good
articulation and
she is using the
language fluently
because she was
provided with

-this theory helps

the
teacher
to
become more open
for considerations
especially in their
students way of
reading.

11.)Literary
Appreciation
Skills

12.)Identity
Theory

It is the understanding
and mastery of the form
and content of a literary
work. And it also tells us
stories of real people
who
undergone
problems
that
the
urgency of todays living
brings. It also recounts
the
experiences
of
ordinary country folks
who delight at the
simple joy of life,it also
narrates the adventures
of the immortals and the
supernatural beings who
thrill
with
their
supernatural powers.
In this theory,it states
that,an individual can
know what type of
reader he/she is through
the way he/she read.

complete
materials for
reading,
-the students or Appreciating what
the learners are literature is trying to
reading one of tell us.
the tales in One
thousand and one
Arabian Nights.
Like
the
Merchant and
the Genie

In the video,the
example
given
there was the
teacher assigned
different colors to
determine which
reader/learner
needs more effort
to practice his/her
reading ability.
The red card was
given to the
learner who had
hard time in
reading but it
does not mean
that he/she was
not
a
good
reader,he/she just
need extra effort
in
practicing
his/her reading
ability.

-in this theory,it

focuses or tells us or
help us determine
what type of reader
are we. If we either
bad or good readers.