Acero, John Engelbert A.

MT 31-B4
Difference between a single acting and double acting engine
A single-acting cylinder in a reciprocating engine is a cylinder in which the
working fluid acts on one side of the piston only. A single-acting cylinder relies
on the load, springs, other cylinders, or the momentum of a flywheel, to push the
piston back in the other direction while a double-acting cylinder is a cylinder in
which the working fluid acts alternately on both sides of the piston. In order to
connect the piston in a double-acting cylinder to an external mechanism, such as a
crank shaft, a hole must be provided in one end of the cylinder for the piston rod
and this is fitted with a gland or 'stuffing box' to prevent escape of the working fluid.
Advantage and Disadvantage of 4 stroke diesel engine
ADVANTAGES OF 4 STROKE ENGINE :1. More torque :- In general, 4 stroke engines always make extra torque than 2
stroke engine at low RPM. Although 2 stroked ones give higher torque at
higher RPM but it has a lot to do with fuel efficiency.
2. More fuel efficiency :- 4 stroke engines have greater fuel efficiency than 2
stroke ones because fuel is consumed once every 4 strokes.
3. Less pollution :- As power is generated once every 4 strokes & also as no oil
or lubricant is added to the fuel; 4 stroke engine produces less pollution.
4. More durability :- We all know that more the engine runs, quicker it wears out.
2 stroke engines are designed for high RPM. If an engine can go for 10000
rpms before it wears out; a 4 stroke engine with 100 rpm will run for 100
minutes than the other 2 stroke engine which has a higher rpm of 500 & will
run for only 20 minutes.
5. No extra addition of oil :- Only the moving parts need lubrication
intermediately. No extra oil or lubricant is added to fuel.
DISADVANTAGES OF 4 STROKE ENGINE :1. Complicated design :- A 4 stroke engine has complex valve mechanisms
operated & controlled by gears & chain. Also there are many parts to worry
about which makes it harder to troubleshoot.
2. Less powerful :- As power gets delivered once every 2 rotations of
crankshaft(4 strokes), hence 4 stroke is less powerful.
3. Expensive :- A four stroke engine has much more parts than 2 stroke engine.
So they often require repairs which leads to greater expense.

Advantages and Disadvantages of 2 stroke diesel engine

ADVANTAGES OF 2 STROKE ENGINE :1. Simple design & construction :- It doesnt have valves. It simply has inlet &
outlet ports which makes it simpler.
2. More powerful :- In 2 stroke engine, every alternate stroke is power stroke
unlike 4 stroked one in which power gets delivered once every 4 strokes. This
gives a significant power boost. Also, the acceleration will be higher & power
delivery will be uniform due to same reason.
3. Position doesnt matter :- 2 stroke engine can work in any position as
lubrication is done through the means of fuel (as the fuel passes by through
whole cylinder & crankcase).
DISADVANTAGES OF 2 STROKE ENGINE :1. Less fuel efficiency :- For every alternate power stroke, fuel gets consumed
every alternate stroke. This makes the engine less fuel efficient although it
results in uniform power delivery.
2. Oil addition could be expensive :- Two-stroke engines require a mix of oil in
with the air-fuel mixture to lubricate the crankshaft, connecting rod and
cylinder walls. These oils may empty your pockets.
3. More pollution :- 2 stroke engine produces a lot of pollution. The combustion
of oil added in the mixture creates a lot of smoke which leads to air pollution.
4. Wastage of fuel :- Sometimes the fresh charge which is going to undergo
combustion gets out along with the exhaust gases. This leads to wastage of
fuel & also power delivery of the engine gets effected.
5. Improper combustion :- The exhaust gases often get trapped inside the
combustion chamber. This makes the fresh charge impure. Therefore
maximum power doesnt get delivered because of improper incomplete
combustion.