[Company name][Company address]

Contents:
Internal Combustion Engine:
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

Engine capacity:
Piston Design:
Crankshaft:
Combustion Process:

Electric Vehicle:
1.5 Energy source:
1.6 Electric Power Converter:

Comparison:
I.
II.

MacPherson Strut
Wish Bone Type:

Optimum Solution:
I.

The Calculations are as followed

Kinematic Analysis Results

Detailed CAD and Models:
Conclusion:

2 Internal Combustion Engine:

2.1 Engine capacity:
Engine capacity or the volume of an engine which is swept by all the pistons in the
cylinder from the top dead center (TDC) to the bottom dead center (BDC). It is
usually expressed in centimeter cube (CC).

2.2 Piston Design:

Some important considerations while designing the pistons are:

It
It
It
It
It
It
It

should have enormous strength (pressure and forces).

should have minimum mass (inertia force).
should have effective oil and gas sealing.
should provide bearing area.
should disperse the heat quickly.
must have high speed reciprocation.
should have rigid constructions.

Piston Design

2.3 Crankshaft:
The purpose of the crankshaft is to convert the rectilinear reciprocating movement
of a piston into the rotating movement necessary for the car. This is obtained by
linking the pistons to the crank throws, which are offset from the central axis of the
crankshaft to create a revolution about that axis.

Crank Shaft

2.4 Combustion Process:

The cycle of an internal combustion engine is called the four-stroke cycle, shown
below. The piston rises and compresses the fuel air mixture before the spark ignites
it, which increases the pressure and heat of the mixture near to its auto-ignition
point. This will make and cause the mixture to burn vigorously and consequently we
may notice that the fuels energy will be harnessed more efficiently. But if the ratio
of compression is increased very much then detonation could occur. The engine
strokes can be summarized as follows:
1-2, Induction Stroke The intake valves open, the piston then gradually moves
down and the fuel and air mixture is pumped into the combustion chamber.

2-3, Compression Stroke The valves are closed during the compression stroke.
The piston then moves upwards and compresses the mixture.

3-4, Working Stroke An electric spark is produced by the spark plug that ignites
the compressed mixture and forces the piston down.

4-1, Exhaust Stroke the exhaust valves open up during the exhaust stroke. From
the cylinder, the piston rises, expels the exhaust gases.

Combustion process in an engine

3 Electric Vehicle:
3.1 Energy source:
The feasible vitality sources being proposed for EVs incorporate batteries, power
devices, capacitors and flywheels. Among them, the batteries, capacitors and
flywheels are vitality stockpiling frameworks in which electrical vitality is put away
amid charging, though the power modules are vitality era frameworks in which
power is produced by synthetic response.

3.2 Electric Power Converter:

Power converters are intended to change over an auto's 12-volt DC energy to 120volt AC, permitting an electronic gadget to be connected to and worked generally
as though it were being utilized as a part of the house. A force converter is a
gadget that progressions one sort of voltage to another; all inverters are
additionally converters. Notwithstanding, more often than not, converters change
a higher voltage to a lower one, for example, would be finished by a mobile phone
charger.

3.3 Comparison:

The two types ae as following

MacPherson Strut
Wish Bone Type

MacPherson Strut
The shocks and struts in your auto are a piece of the suspension, and they secure
your motor and whatever is left of your vehicle from the different hindrances. In
spite of the fact that you can have singular struts replaces, commonly you will find
that both struts are supplanted in the meantime. To supplant an individual strut, you
have to pay anywhere in the range of $133 and $439. To supplant both the expense
will as a rule be amongst $239 and $818. The performance is generally good, it is
light weight maintenance cost is less but is not suitable for heavy motor vehicles.

Wish Bone Type:

As we may see it is also called double wish bone type and the price range is as such
following that $400-800 per set. The Ride Quality Increases when using it, the

steering and preciseness is improved and ground clearance is increased but as we

can see the cost is very high and requires frequent wheel alignment.

4 Optimum Solution:
Our assignment was to examine two alternatives for the suspension frameworks
while keeping in perspective some key components, for example, expense and
execution. To begin with impressive choice for this issue is to plan the dynamic
suspension framework. The AS burden causes an expansion in FC and emanations
of both routine vehicle and HEV. Nonetheless, in the traditional vehicle, the AS
burden is deciphered as an extra high recurrence torque load on the ignition motor.
In this way, in ordinary vehicle, because of moderate reaction elements of burning
motor, the AS force deficiency too motor delay and surge will probably happen. The
framework is extremely unsurprising. After some time, you will build up a nature
with your auto's suspension. You will comprehend its abilities and its constraints. On
the drawback, once the framework has achieved these breaking points, it has no
chance to get of making up for circumstances past its outline parameters. Hence

safeguards scrape the bottom, struts overextend, and springs react slowly, torsion

bars get changed.

Assembled model of original vehicle suspension system
A dynamic suspension framework, then again, has the capacity to modify itself
ceaselessly to changing street conditions. It "misleadingly" augments the
configuration parameters of the framework by continually observing and altering
itself, in this manner changing its character on a progressing premise. It's
schizophrenic, maybe, yet with a reason. With cutting edge sensors and microchips
nourishing it data constantly, its personality stays liquid, relevant, and undefined.
By changing its character to react to fluctuating street conditions, dynamic
suspension offers predominant taking care of, street feel, responsiveness and

wellbeing.

Fig 1: Assembled model of the electric vehicle

suspension system
At the point when the motor is supplanted with an electric engine and batteries, the
sidelong increasing speed and the yaw rate of the vehicle will diminish marginally
for an altered guiding wheel edge. Move edge will increment because of the
expansion in vehicle weight. By utilizing streamlining programming, the answer for
conform the horizontal speeding up, move point and yaw rate of the EV auto to
meet comparable execution of the first motor auto is to expand the spring rate of
front and back suspension and the breadth of stabilizer bar, particularly the
distance across of stabilizer bar. Additionally, the modification of the outline
variables makes the move rate of back suspension increment. So the advancement
strategy can be utilized to change the execution of the electric vehicle suspension
framework.

Then again, Adaptive or semi-dynamic frameworks can just change the thick
damping coefficient of the safeguard, and don't add vitality to the suspension
framework. In spite of the fact that restricted in their intercession (for instance, the
control power can never have distinctive heading than the present vector of speed
of the suspension), semi-dynamic suspensions are less costly to outline and devour
far less vitality. The expense of dynamic suspension framework might be somewhat
higher yet from the execution perspective, this is the best alternative for the electric
vehicle.

So I would say that I would go with MacPherson strut suspension system as we are
making a simple system or a simple car.

The Calculations are as followed

(figure from smith 2002)

suspension 5
to
assume
chassis is fixed
BArBA
the

Kinematic Analysis:

6
7
8
9
10Kinematic Analysis Results

Note that all of these images were taken from Smith,2002 for the ease of calculations.

11
12
13
14
15Detailed CAD and Models:

16
17Conclusion:
The conclusion is as following that Adaptive or semi-dynamic frameworks can just
change the thick damping coefficient of the safeguard, and don't add vitality to the
suspension framework. A dynamic suspension framework, then again, has the
capacity to modify itself ceaselessly to changing street conditions. The AS burden
causes an expansion in FC and emanations of both routine vehicle and HEV.
Nonetheless, in the traditional vehicle, the AS burden is deciphered as an extra high
recurrence torque load on the ignition motor. In this way, in ordinary vehicle,

because of moderate reaction elements of burning motor, the AS force deficiency

too motor delay and surge will probably happen.