ABSTRACK

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease characterized by levelsblood glucose exceeds

the normal value due to shortageinsulin produced by the pancreas that can reduce
levelsblood sugar. Genesis DM in Padang Panjang in 2005 was as much as 129
cases and in 2008 the DM disease is a disease of the 10 largest in the City field
and the length of each year is always an increase. The risk factors resulting from
DM are hid styleup unhealthy,obesity, smoking, lack of physical activity, and
generative diseaseie family history. This study was conducted to determine the
risk factorsassociated with the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus.
This study uses the draftcase control sample in this study were 74 respondents in
the case group were suffering from Diabetes Mellitus and the control group by 74
respondents. Sampling technique using techniques maching in terms of age, the
data collection was done by direct interviews with respondents.the results of this
study are statistically tested by chi square test on the level95% use a computer
software program. Research result indicates that the variable is a risk factor is the
frequency distribution of family history (22%), obesity (22%), physical aktiviats
(44%),

smoking

(15%),

while

the

relationship

to

disease

Diabetes

Mellitus, family history OR (27.429), obesity OR (0.011), physical activity OR

(260) and smoking habits OR (0,032)
Conclusion of the study was the incidence of DMon family history largely
prevalent in the case group than the control group, the vast majority of obese
people more common in the control group compared with the group of cases are a
significant relationship to the variable family history, obesity, physical inactivity,

and smoking habits. Suggested to the puskesmas officers to further improve the
education and socialization activities related disease and how to prevent diabetes

CHAPTER 1
PRELIMINARY
1.1Background
In the National Health System (NHS) said that every effort in health
development in Indonesia aimed to achieve degrees higher health, which allows
people to live more than essentially an order which reflects the degree of optimal
health as one manifestation of the general welfare that is listed in the 1945
Constitution.
As the growing impact of the development, the pattern of disease in
Indonesia shifting convincing. Infectious diseases and malnutrition gradually
decreased while chronic diseases are caused by degenerative diseases, including
diabetes mellitus (DM) increased sharply. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease
characterized by a chronic increase in blood glucose levels (cronichyperglikemia)
which may affect all walks of life around the world changes of this disease is
suspected there is a connection with the way of life change in accordance with the
growing prosperity. Diet in the cities have shifted from the traditional diets that
contain a lot of carbohydrates and vegetable fibers to a western diet with the
composition of foods that contain too much protein, fat, sugar, wheat and contains
little fiber. The composition of this kind of food, especially in ready to eat foods
that lately favored especially youth diabetes Mellitus (DM) or abbreviated with
diabetes a disease characterized by blood glucose levels well above normal values
caused by a deficiency of the hormone insulin produced by the pancreas that can

lower blood sugar levels darah.Kriterian DM refers to examination when blood

sugar levels <200 mg / dl, and fasting glucose levels <126 mg / dl ,
According to WHO, between 1% -2% of the world population of this
disease. DM now a serious threat to mankind in the world. WHO estimates that,
194 million people or 5.1% of the 3.8 billion world population aged 20-79 years
suffering from diabetes and by 2025 is expected to increase to 333 million. In
Indonesia DM patients also experienced an increase from 8.4 million in 2000 to
about 21.3 million in 2025. 005, semi-urban areas such as West Sumatra reported
a prevalence of diabetes of 5.1% and Pekajangan (Central Java) 9.2%. Bali has
examined the prevalence of some rural areas with results between 3.9 to 7.2% in
2004.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by a
chronic increase in blood sugar levels due to penurunansekresi insulin by
pancreatic beta cells and / or function of insulin (insulin resistance). DM of this
type has the highest prevalence among other types of diabetes, which can reach
80% more of the total patients with diabetes in the world or in Indonesia
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by
a rise in blood sugar levels due to decrease in secretion insulin by pancreatic beta
cells and / or function of insulin (insulin resistance). DM of this type has the
highest prevalence among other types of diabetes, which can 80% more of the
total patients with diabetes in the world or in
Indonesia. Increased prevalence of Type 2 diabetes is influenced by risk
factors Diabetes Mellitus. Factors that can not be modified include age, gender,

family history, while the factors that can be modified are obese, pattern
healthy eating, physical activity, and smoking National Health Survey (Surkesnas)
2004 shows that the prevalence of obesity in Indonesia was 12.7% - 18.3% 7.9%
11.3% hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia 6.5% - 12.95% and the prevalence of
glucose

tolerance

Disturbed (TGT) 29.6% (survey Depok, 2001). Menuruthasil Social Survey

National Economy (Susenas) in 2004, the trend of risk factors Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2 is mainly caused by lack of physical activity as much as 82.9%.
Results Health Research (RISKESDAS) 2007 national prevalence of
diabetes is based on the diagnosis of health professionals and symptoms was 1.1%
with 5.7% the proportion of death of West Sumatra province has a prevalence of
DM Type 2 above the national prevalence., While the prevalence of diabetes is
based on the measurement of blood sugar in the urban population aged> 15 years
was 5.7% and the number Impaired Sugar Tolerance (IGT) nationwide population
aged> 15 years who reside in urban areas amounted to 10,
1.2 Problem Formulation
Based on the background that has raised, and then the problem in this
research is a factor - a factor associated with the incidence of Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus
1.3Research purposes
1.3.1 General purpose
Knowing the factors associated with the incidence of DiabetesMellitus Type 2
1.3.2 Special purpose

a. Be Knew frequency distribution with a family history of diabetes Mellitus

b. Be Knew frequency distribution of physical activity in patients with Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus
c. Be Knew distribution of obesity in patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
d. Be Knew distribution frequency of smoking in patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2
e. To determine the relationship of family history with the incidence of Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus
f. To determine the relationship of physical activity with the incidence of
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
g. To determine the relationship of obesity with the incidence of Diabetes
Mellitus Type 2
h. To determine the relationship of smoking with diabetes incidence Mellitus
Type 2
1.4. Benefits of research
1.4.1. Theoretical aspects Expected to be a scientific AUAN for further research
about factors - factors related to the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus
1.4.2. Practical aspects
a. For researchers expected to add to the knowledge and experience to learn
about the factors - factors related to the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus
b. For society is expected to increase knowledge community about some factors

related to the incidence of diabetes mellitus so as to take action prevention of

diabetes.