Charts: Teaching Handwriting Reading and Spelling Skills

THRASS
Teaching Handwriting Reading And Spelling Skills
Charts
THE THRASS INSTITUTE

(Australasia & Canada)
THRASS
TEACHING HANDWRITING READING AND SPELLING SKILLS
AN INTEGRATED PHONOGRAPHIC TOOL FOR TEACHING

THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF LITERACY
CHARTS
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
A comprehensive explanation of copyright guidelines relating to the files on this
CD and other THRASS resources may be found in the COPYRIGHT folder, on
this CD.
If for some reason you are unable to find or access this information, contact
THRASS for assistance.
In all instances of uncertainty about copyright relating to any THRASS resources,
contact THRASS for clarification, before using the resource.
DENYSE RITCHIE & ALAN DAVIES
CHARTS
CONTENTS
pdf number
4
5
6-18
19-20
21-26
27-36
37-40
41
42-43
Page Content
THRASS GRAPHEMECHART (1 page)
THRASS WORDCHART (1 page)
Terminology Sheets (13 pages)
THRASSWORD Picture Sheets - Teaching Notes (2 pages)
THRASSWORD Picture Sheets (6 pages)
Analogy Sheets (10 pages)
THRASS IPA Chart - Teaching Notes (4 pages)
THRASS IPA Chart (1 page)
THRASS Activity Sheets (2 pages)
Note: The pages in this section do not have page numbering. Please follow the pdf page guide as above.
a b c d e f g h i
A B C D E F G H I
b bb *
h *
c k ck ch q *
p pp *
THRASS GRAPHEMECHART
ear eer
y *
oo u *
er
*
i
g gg *
m mm mb *
n nn kn *
ng n *
s *
sh ti ch *
t tt *
w wh u
f ff ph *
y *
z zz ze s se
1998 Denyse Ritchie & Alan Davies
ISBN 978 1 876424 04 6

2012 - THE THRASS INSTITUTE (Australasia & Canada)
2012 UPDATE
a a-e ai ay *
a *
ve
s ss se c ce *
r rr wr *
th *
d dd *
ch tch *
l ll
j g ge dge *
th *
j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
air are *
ar
or
ure
i-e igh y *
oo ew ue *
ure *
a
o
e ea *
ar a *
e
a
i
*
e ea ee ey y *
er ir or ur
o oa o-e ow *
or a au aw oor *
ow ou *
oi oy *
u o *
a b c d e f g h i
A B C D E F G H I
bird rabbit cat kitten duck school queen

hand
jam giant cage bridge
panda hippo
thumb
THRASS WORDCHART
ant
tin pyramid
book bull
dog ladder
mouse hammer lamb
sun dress horse city ice
voice sleeve
water wheel quilt
treasure
fish coffee dolphin
gate egg
net dinner knee
king ink
shark station chef
tap letter
yawn
zip fizz sneeze laser cheese

1998 Denyse Ritchie & Alan Davies
2012 UPDATE
baby tape snail tray
ear deer
leg bell
rain cherry wrist
feather
chair watch
2012 - THE THRASS INSTITUTE (Australasia & Canada)
hair square
car banana
bed bread
me beach tree key pony
teacher collar doctor measure zebra garden fossil lion circus

tiger kite light fly
moon screw glue
frog
lure
swan
nose
boat
fork ball sauce saw door
note
fern shirt worm fur

snow
cow house
coin toy
bus glove
phoneme
a speech sound
THRASS TERMINOLOGY CARDS
1-13
grapheme
a spelling choice
1-13
graph
a one letter
spelling choice
1-13
digraph
a two letter
spelling choice
1-13
trigraph
a three letter
spelling choice
1-13
quadgraph
a four letter
spelling choice
1-13
* GCA
Grapheme Catch-All
a spelling choice not
on the THRASSCHART
1-13
vowel line
separates
the consonants from
the vowels
1-13
=
R G
=
S P
P
G
1-13
Letter-boxes
Lower-case letters
a b c d e f g h i
A B C D E F G H I
Capital letters
1-13
NPS
Non-Phonographic
Spelling
1-13
diphone
one letter used to
represent two phonemes
1-13
consonants
Speech sounds made with restricted or modified air flow.

Consonants can be voiced or unvoiced.
vowel line
vowel line
vowels
Speech sounds made with little or no restriction to the air flow.

All vowels are voiced.
1-13
THE
THRASSWORD
THE
THRASSWORD
THE
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THE
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THE
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THE
THRASSWORD
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activities.
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and
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sheetsonto
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these
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are 12
suggested
activities for
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THRASSWORD PICTURE SHEETS - 4

ant
bird
rabbit
baby
tape
snail
square
car
bread
me
key
pony
kitten
cat
tray
duck
school
queen
watch
dog
ladder
coffee
dolphin
gate
hand
jam
banana
beach
ear
giant
THRASS
hair
chair
bed
fish
tree
egg
deer
cage
teacher
collar
THRASSWORD PICTURE SHEETS
THRASS
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thecards.
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phoneme-boxes.
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4.
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their
phoneme-boxes.
into
their
phoneme-boxes.
into their phoneme-boxes.
Use
the
cards
with
the
sheets
provide
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with
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toto
provide
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with
the
sheets
to
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cards
with
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sheets
to
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cards
with
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sheets
to
provide
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matching
activity.
Learners
match
Use
the cards
with theLearners
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tomatch
provide
activity.
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match
activity.
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aamatching
matching
activity.
Learners
match
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match
cardswith
with
thesheets.
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athematching
activity.
Learners match
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cards
the
the cards
with
the sheets.
cards
with
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with
thethe
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the cards
with
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the
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of
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Cut
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THRASSWORDS
off
a with
set
of
cards.
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match
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words
with
2. 2. cards.
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match
the
words
cards.
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match
the
words
with
cards.
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match
words
with
cards.
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match
thethe
words
with
cards.
Learners match the words with
the
pictures.
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pictures.
the
pictures.
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thethe
pictures.

the pictures.
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5.
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a
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such
as
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digraph
'c'
'h'.
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find
cards
digraph
digraph'c'
'c''h'.
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cards
5. 5.digraph
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'h'.'h'.Learner
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THRASSWORDS
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THRASSWORDS
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with
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with
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on
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GRAPHEMECHART.
onon
the
GRAPHEMECHART.
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THRASSCHART.
the
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with
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and and
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and
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words school,
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and
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chair
and
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school,
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and
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represents
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three
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represents
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different
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represents
three
different
consonant
represents
three
different
consonant
phonemes.
phonemes.
phonemes.
phonemes.
phonemes.
phonemes.
44
THRASS
THRASS
TEACHER'S
MANUAL
44
THRASS
THRASS
TEACHER'S
MANUAL
1/2
THRASSWORD
PICTURE SHEETS - TEACHING NOTES
THRASS
44
THRASS
THRASS
TEACHER'S
MANUAL
44 44
THRASS
THRASS
TEACHER'S
MANUAL
THRASS
THRASS
TEACHER'S
MANUAL
the
THRASSWORD
Learners
can
arrange
some
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the
Photocopy
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THRASSWORD
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Learners
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the 9. 9. Photocopy
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some
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6.
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THRASSWORD
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THRASSWORD
Learners
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the
6.
9.
Photocopy
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THRASSWORD
6.
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some
of
the
9.
6.
Photocopy
the
THRASSWORD
9.
PICTURE
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can
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cards
into
categories
and
discuss
their
6.
9.
6.
PICTURE
SHEETS.
Staple
them
PICTURE
SHEETS.
Staple
them
cards
into
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and
discuss
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into
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and
discuss
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9. PICTURE
6. cards
SHEETS.
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into
categories
and
discuss
their
PICTURE
SHEETS.
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them
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into
categories
and
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their
PICTURE
SHEETS.
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them
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and
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make
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PICTURE
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Discuss
the
pictures
and
words.
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the
pictures
and
words.
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the
pictures
and
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and
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you
can
eat,
selections
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you
can
eat,
animals,
people,
clothing...
animals,
people,
clothing...
animals,
people,
clothing...
animals,
people,
clothing...
animals,
people,
clothing...
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Use
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play
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10.
10.
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THRASSWORDS
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11.
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11.
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11.
11.
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cards
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'THRASS
PAIRS'.
11.
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PAIRS'.
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learners
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and
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and
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the
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the
spell
the
words,
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the
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the
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the
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the
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or
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cards
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face
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tofind
findpairs.
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THRASS
PAIRS
THRASS
PAIRS
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THRASS
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THRASS
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THRASS PAIRS
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THRASS
THRASS
THRASS
THRASS
THRASS
THRASS
THRASS
THRASS
TEACHER'S
MANUAL
45
THRASS
TEACHER'S
MANUAL
2/2
THRASSWORD PICTURE
SHEETS
-TEACHER'S
TEACHING
NOTES 45
45
THRASS
TEACHER'S
MANUAL
45
THRASS
MANUAL
45
THRASS
TEACHER'S
MANUAL
45
THRASS TEACHER'S MANUAL
bird
rabbit
cat
kitten
duck
school
queen
chair
watch
dog
ladder
fish
coffee
dolphin
gate
egg
hand
jam
giant
cage
THRASS
bridge
leg
hammer
lamb
net
dinner
knee
king
ink
panda
hippo
rain
cherry
wrist
dress
horse
city
sun
THRASS
bell
mouse
ice
treasure
shark
station
chef
tap
letter
thumb
feather
voice
sleeve
water
wheel
quilt
yawn
zip
fizz
sneeze
laser
cheese
THRASS
ant
baby
tape
snail
tray
hair
square
car
banana
bed
bread
me
beach
tree
key
pony
ear
deer
teacher
collar
THRASS
doctor
measure
zebra
garden
fossil
lion
circus
fern
shirt
worm
fur
tin
pyramid
tiger
kite
light
frog
swan
nose
fly
THRASS
boat
note
snow
coin
toy
book
bull
moon
screw
glue
lure
fork
ball
sauce
saw
door
cow
house
bus
glove
THRASS
bird
rabbit
cat
b
ir
d
r
a
bb
i
t
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c
a
t
kitten
school
d
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ck
s
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THRASS BY ANALOGY SHEETS 1-10
coffee
dolphin
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eer
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r
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ir
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s
worm
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ir
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fur
tin
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coin
toy
s
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ow
c
oi
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book
bull
moon
b
oo
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b
u
ll
m
oo
n
screw
glue
lure
s
c
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ew
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l
ue
l
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fork
ball
sauce
f
or
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au
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saw
door
cow
s
aw
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oor
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ow
house
bus
glove
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se
b
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s
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USING THE INTERNATIONAL

PHONETIC ALPHABET (IPA)
IPA stands for International Phonetic Alphabet. It is an international code used in many dictionaries
to give guidance on pronunciation. The system has a symbol for each of the 44 phonemes used in
spoken English. On the THRASSCHART below each IPA symbol has been placed in the appropriate
phoneme box.
THRASS IPA CHART
In English a phoneme is not always represented by the same grapheme.
In the IPA system a phoneme is always represented by the same symbol. This is why it is used to
give guidance on pronunciation. For example, the word graph may be pronounced as (
)
or (
). Say these phonemes in the correct sequence to hear two pronunciations of the word
graph.
Use the IPA to help determine the graphs, digraphs and trigraphs in words.
Note that people may argue over which letter or letters (which grapheme) represent which phoneme.
For example, in the word cough, it could be assumed from other words that the three phonemes are
represented by a graph and two digraphs (c-ou-gh). This is because several other words use the digraph
'o' 'u' to represent a phoneme. For example, in cousin and trouble, the 'o' 'u' is a GCA for the phoneme
( ) or possibly ( ), depending on accent. However, it could be argued that the ( ) in cough is
represented by the 'o' and the 'u' 'g' 'h' is a trigraph for the phoneme ( ).
A list of the THRASSWORDS with their IPA symbols can be found on the next page.
Note that pronunciations other than those indicated are possible. For example, the word
'bus' may be pronounced by some speakers as (
) or (
). Say these phonemes in
the correct sequence order, to hear the two pronunciations.
THRASS
IPA CHART - TEACHING NOTES 1/4
IPA SOUNDS AND SYMBOLS

CONSONANTS
Plosives
as in bird ( )
as in cat ( )
as in dog ( )
as in gate ( )
as in panda (
)
as in tap (
)
Fricatives
as in fish ( )
as in hand (
)
as in sun ( )
as in treasure (
)
as in shark
(
)
as in thumb (
)
as in feather (
)
as in voice (
)
as in zip ( )
Affricates
as in chair (
as in jam (
Nasals
as in mouse (
)
as in net ( )
as in king ( )
Liquids
as in leg (
)
as in rain ( )
Semi-vowels
as in water (
as in yawn
(
VOWELS
Short monophthongs
as in ant ( )
as in bed ( )
as in teacher ( )
as in tin (
)
as in frog ( )
as in book ( )
as in bus ( )
Long monophthongs
as in car ( )
as in me ( )
as in fern ( )
as in moon (
)
as in fork ( )
is used to indicate a long vowel
(long monophthong)
Diphthongs
as in baby (
)
as in hair ( )
as in ear (
)
as in tiger (
)
as in nose (
)
as in coin ( )
as in lure ( )
as in cow ( )
is used to indicate the
stressed syllable e.g.
(
) in (
)

is
used to indicate the
the break between syllables.

HOW CAN WE USE IPA?

IPA is an international code used in dictionaries to give guidance on pronunciation.
Try these examples.
bath ( b a q ) nb Q
A qlarge basin in which one sits to wash the whole body.
Four letters, three phonemes. Locate the symbols on the IPA chart above
and the graphemes on the GRAPHEMECHART in the CHARTS section.
bird ( b W d) n An animal with wings and feathers that can usually fly.
and the graphemes on the THRASSCHART.
THRASS
IPA CHART - TEACHING NOTES
2/4
Use IPA to record errors.
You can use IPA to record pronunciation errors made by learners when reading words or naming letters.
By using IPA symbols you can accurately record mispronunciations or accents so that others may know
exactly what was said.
For example, if a learner misreads the digraph 'p' 'h' in the word dolphin as ( ) instead of ( ) you can
indicate the error by writing the IPA symbol for the incorrect pronunciation above the digraph.
dolphin
Suggestions
Use the IPA symbols in a conventional or pronunciation dictionary to help determine the pronunciation
of words and to record those that differ from the ones suggested (including your own differences).
For example, how do you pronounce the vowel trigraph in the word your? Do you pronounce it as
as in fork,
as in lure or as in teacher.
Note: To find the graphs, digraphs, trigraphs and quadgraphs in words other than the THRASSWORDS
use either our THRASS Phonics Handbook (T-171) or the iThrass App. See below for a summary of
the THRASS Phonics Handbook.
THE THRASS PHONICS HANDBOOK AND PHONICS WORD BANK
The THRASS Phonics Handbook, (T-171) - reference book, arranges words according to phonemes and
then provides lists of words with a wide range of 'spelling choices' for each phoneme. For example for
the phoneme (
) as in shark, words are listed under different spelling choices for that phoneme, e.g.
's' 'h' as in shark, 'c' 'h' as in chef, 't' 'i' as in station etc. Over the years teachers, tutors and parents have
found the THRASS Phonics Handbook to be an extremely valuable resource. Below are some examples.
sh
English
fish
fresh
shape
shelf
shine
ship
shirt
ti
addition
devotion
edition
education
faction
fiction
fraction
infection
ch
chalet
chamois
chandelier
chaperone
charade
chardonnay
chauffeur
chiffon
The above book can be matched with the the learner's workbook - the THRASS Phonics Word Bank (T182). Learners list words under phonemes according to different spelling choices.
THRASS
IPA CHART - TEACHING NOTES 3/4
IPA SYMBOLS FOR THE THRASSWORDS

bird
rabbit
cat
kitten
duck
school
queen
chair
watch
dog
ladder
fish
coffee
dolphin
gate
egg
hand
jam
giant
cage
bridge
leg
bell
mouse
hammer
lamb
net
dinner
knee
king
THRASS
ink
panda
hippo
rain
cherry
wrist
sun
dress
horse
city
ice
treasure
shark
station
chef
tap
letter
thumb
feather
voice
sleeve
water
wheel
quilt
yawn
zip
fizz
sneeze
laser
cheese
ant
baby
tape
snail
tray
hair
square
car
banana
bed
bread
me
beach
tree
key
pony
ear
deer
teacher
collar
doctor
measure
zebra
garden
fossil
lion
circus
fern
shirt
worm
fur
tin
pyramid
tiger
kite
light
fly
frog
swan
nose
boat
note
snow
coin
toy
book
bull
moon
screw
glue
lure
fork
ball
sauce
saw
door
cow
house
bus
glove
IPA CHART - TEACHING NOTES
4/4
IPA SOUNDS AND SYMBOLS
CONSONANTS
Plosives
as in bird ( )
as in cat ( )
as in dog ( )
as in gate ( )
as in panda (
)
as in tap (
)
Fricatives
as in fish ( )
as in hand (
)
as in sun ( )
as in treasure (
)
as in shark
(
)
as in thumb (
)
as in feather (
)
as in voice (
)
as in zip ( )
Affricates
as in chair (
as in jam (
Nasals
as in mouse (
)
as in net ( )
as in king ( )
Liquids
as in leg (
)
as in rain ( )
Semi-vowels
as in water (
as in yawn
(
THRASS
THRASS IPA CHART
VOWELS
Short monophthongs
as in ant ( )
as in bed ( )
as in teacher ( )
as in tin (
)
as in frog ( )
as in book ( )
as in bus ( )
Long monophthongs
as in car ( )
as in me ( )
as in fern ( )
as in moon (
)
as in fork ( )
is used to indicate a long vowel
(long monophthong)
HOW CAN WE USE IPA?
Diphthongs
IPA is an international code used in dictionaries to give guidance on pronunciation.
as in baby (
)
as in hair ( )
Try these examples.
as in ear (
)
bath ( b a q ) nb Q
A qlarge basin in which one sits to wash the whole body.
as in tiger (
)
as in nose (
)
and
the graphemes on the GRAPHEMECHART in the CHARTS section.
as in coin ( )
as in lure ( )
bird ( b W d) n An animal with wings and feathers that can usually fly.
as in cow ( )
and the graphemes on the THRASSCHART.
stressed syllable e.g.
(
) in (
)

the break between syllables.
IPA SOUNDS AND SYMBOLS CHART

THRASSCHART Activities
These can be used as extension, homework or whole-class activities.

Phoneme Matches
It is intended that this activity be extended to the whole chart.
Find words on the chart that have the phoneme
as in bird and rabbit.
Find words on the chart that have the phoneme as in fish, coffee and dolphin.
as in ant.
as in bread and bed.
as in shark, station and chef.
as in net, dinner and knee.
as in rain, cherry and wrist.
as in chair and watch.
as in sun, dress, horse, city and ice.
as in frog and swan.
Key Graphemes
How many key graphemes are there on the chart?
Write the consonant words that have a graph as the key grapheme.
Write the vowel words that have a graph as the key grapheme.
Write the consonant words that have a digraph as the key grapheme.
Write the vowel words that have a digraph as the key grapheme.
Write the consonant words that have a trigraph as the key grapheme.
Write the vowel words that have a trigraph as the key grapheme.
Number of Phonemes
Find consonant key words with only two phonemes.
Find vowel key words with only two phonemes.
Find consonant key words with only three phonemes.
Find vowel key words with only three phonemes.
Find consonant key words with only four phonemes.
Find vowel key words with only four phonemes.
Find consonant key words with only five phonemes.
Find vowel key words with only five phonemes.
Find consonant key words with only six phonemes.
Find vowel key words with only six phonemes.
Find consonant key words with only seven phonemes.
Find vowel key words with only seven phonemes.
Mapping the Chart
It is intended that this activity be extended to the whole chart.
Write the words in row 1, box 3, consonants.
Write the words in row 1, box 3, vowels.
Write the words in row 1, box 3, consonants, that have a digraph as the key grapheme.
Write the words in row 1, box 3, vowels, that have a trigraph as the key grapheme.
Write the words in row 2, box 6, consonants, that have a graph as the key grapheme.
Write the words in row 4, box 2, vowels, that have a digraph as the key grapheme.
Write the words in row 3, box 5, consonants, that have a graph as the key grapheme.
Write the words in row 3, box 2, vowels, that have a digraph as the key grapheme.
THE THRASS INSTITUTE 2014
Denyse Ritchie 2014
THRASSCHART Activities
Categorisation
Find all the animals on the chart.
Group them into different categories.
Find baby animal names.
Group them.
Explore life cycles of different animals on the chart.
Find things on the chart you could use.
Group them into different categories.
Find things on the chart you could use as transport.
Find things on the chart you could eat.
Find things on the chart to do with weather.
Find things on the chart to do with the garden.
Find the body parts on the chart.
Find places on the chart that you can go to.
Find the different people on the chart.
Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives
Group the THRASSWORDS as nouns, verbs and adjectives.
What THRASSWORDS can be written as plurals?
Explore the suffixes added to make plurals.
Find collective nouns for objects on the chart.
Find THRASSWORDS that can be used as verbs.
Explore the suffixes added to verbs for tense.
How many word pairs can you make from the chart using one word as an adjective
to describe a noun on the chart?
Compound Words
How many compound words can you make using the THRASSWORDS?
Syllables
Find all the monosyllabic words on the chart.
Find all the polysyllabic words on the chart.
Which word/words have the most syllables on the chart?
Homophones and Homographs
Explore which THRASSWORDS have homophones.
Explore which THRASSWORDS have homographs.
Whole-Class Language Activities
Activity 1
What am I, who am I?
I am on the vowel side of the chart, row 2, box 2. I have a digraph.
I am someone who checks your health. Who am I?
I am on the consonant side of the chart, row 2, box 2. I have a graph.
I am something you can eat. What am I?
You can also use this as an extension activity. Have children write the clues to share with others.
Activity 2
I hear with my little ear a word with the phoneme .......
Activity 3

Linking words in themes. How many words can you link together to form a theme?

THE THRASS INSTITUTE 2014
Denyse Ritchie 2014

Charts: Teaching Handwriting Reading and Spelling Skills

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Charts: Teaching Handwriting Reading and Spelling Skills

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THRASS

Teaching Handwriting Reading And Spelling Skills

THE THRASS INSTITUTE

TEACHING HANDWRITING READING AND SPELLING SKILLS

AN INTEGRATED PHONOGRAPHIC TOOL FOR TEACHING

DENYSE RITCHIE & ALAN DAVIES

1998 Denyse Ritchie & Alan Davies

ISBN 978 1 876424 04 6

bird rabbit cat kitten duck school queen

jam giant cage bridge

mouse hammer lamb

sun dress horse city ice

water wheel quilt

fish coffee dolphin

net dinner knee

shark station chef

zip fizz sneeze laser cheese

baby tape snail tray

rain cherry wrist

2012 - THE THRASS INSTITUTE (Australasia & Canada)

me beach tree key pony

teacher collar doctor measure zebra garden fossil lion circus

fork ball sauce saw door

fern shirt worm fur

THRASS TERMINOLOGY CARDS

THRASS TERMINOLOGY CARDS

THRASS TERMINOLOGY CARDS

THRASS TERMINOLOGY CARDS

THRASS TERMINOLOGY CARDS

Speech sounds made with restricted or modified air flow.

Speech sounds made with little or no restriction to the air flow.

THRASSWORD PICTURE SHEETS - 4

THRASSWORD PICTURE SHEETS

THRASSWORD PICTURE SHEETS

THRASSWORD PICTURE SHEETS - 1

THRASSWORD PICTURE SHEETS

THRASSWORD PICTURE SHEETS - 2

THRASSWORD PICTURE SHEETS

THRASSWORD PICTURE SHEETS - 3

THRASSWORD PICTURE SHEETS

THRASSWORD PICTURE SHEETS - 4

THRASSWORD PICTURE SHEETS

THRASSWORD PICTURE SHEETS - 5

THRASSWORD PICTURE SHEETS

THRASSWORD PICTURE SHEETS - 6

THRASSWORD PICTURE SHEETS

THRASS BY ANALOGY SHEETS 1-10

THRASS BY ANALOGY SHEETS 1-10

USING THE INTERNATIONAL

THRASS IPA CHART

In English a phoneme is not always represented by the same grapheme.

IPA CHART - TEACHING NOTES 1/4

IPA SOUNDS AND SYMBOLS

HOW CAN WE USE IPA?

and the graphemes on the GRAPHEMECHART in the CHARTS section.

IPA CHART - TEACHING NOTES

Use IPA to record errors.

IPA CHART - TEACHING NOTES 3/4

IPA SYMBOLS FOR THE THRASSWORDS

IPA CHART - TEACHING NOTES

IPA SOUNDS AND SYMBOLS

THRASS IPA CHART

These can be used as extension, homework or whole-class activities.