OPTIMIZATION OF WATER USE IN DELTA BRANTAS

IRRIGATION AREA TO IMPROVE WATER SUPPLY IN

SIDOARJO
Mona Shinta Safitri[1] and Nadjadji Anwar[2]
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning,
Institute Technology of Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, Indonesia.
[1]
monashinta2003@gmail.com, 081232846434. [2] nadjadji@gmail.com, 0811329039

Abstract
Population growth average of 2.99% every year in Sidoarjo district, then for next
20 years required to need for clean water is increasing from every year. However,
the coverage of PDAM "Delta Tirta" Sidoarjo until March 2015 is 34.65% from
all sections in Sidoarjo district. The service coverage is still far from the national
target of 80% for urban and 60% for rural. Because of the problems that need an
evaluation of clean water needs in Sidoarjo and the potential of water that can be
used to increase water supply. Delta Brantas irrigation area particular got
irrigation water from the primary channel Porong Canal has an area of 10,594
hectares in 2014. The area of irrigation every year reduction of 0,47%. Because of
the reduction of irrigation water, then there is an excess of irrigation water that
can be accommodated in long storage Kali Mati and can be used for water supply
in the district of Sidoarjo. For the sake of achieving the maximum water present,
this study aimed to evaluate the need for clean water until 20 years later, and the
water distribution service existing and planned water supply with the approach of
optimizing the use of irrigation water Delta Brantas irrigation area. From the
results from this study concluded that the discharge required in 2035 amounted to
11906.68 liters / second, while in 2013 the level of service a number of IPA in
Sidoarjo is maximal. So to serve the water needs until 2035, need to be replicated
discharge shortage of water supply, for example, from the construction project in
Umbulan II or build long storage.
Keywords: irrigation water, clean water, Longstorage, Kali Mati
INTRODUCTION
General Background
Sidoarjo regency as one of the buffer capital cities of East Java province is an area
that is experiencing rapid development. Sidoarjo regency included in the category
of lowland. The city claims the title as the City of the Delta because it is between

739

two rivers, namely Kali Mas and the Porong River. From all over the district of
Sidoarjo 714.44 km, land area of rice cultivation alone reached 263.95 km. With
such a large area of rice cultivation, the agricultural sector contributed 4.96% to
the economy sidoarjo.
Irrigation Area Near Delta Brantas in Sidoarjo in 2013 has an area of 24 183 ha
area of raw rice fields and gets a supply of water from the weir Lengkong in
Mojokerto regency is in Building For Kapajaran. Building for a building divisor
of two large networks that exist in the Delta Brantas is MangetanPorong Canal
and Canal, and also a collection of buildings Kemlaten Secondary channels.
While extensive irrigation area irrigated by the canal is the primary channel
Porong 10,594 ha.
Reduction of irrigated land each year and an abundant water supply, the excess
irrigation water can be used to meet the needs of clean water in Sidoarjo.
Fulfillment of clean water in Sidoarjo is currently managed by PDAM "Delta
Tirta" Sidoarjo. Providing clean water for the people of Sidoarjo regency with the
number of subscribers has reached 121 928 House Connection as of March 2015.
The number of subscribers to the service coverage of Sidoarjo regency has
reached 34.65%. (https://www.pdamsidoarjo.co.id/).
PUPR ministerial regulation No. 09 / PRT / M / 2015 on the Use of Water
Resources in Article 20 paragraphs (1) "Preserving the excess water by the
manager of Water Resources as referred to in Article 18 paragraph (2) letter b.1
realized by storing excess water during rain that can be used when needed to make
a rainwater (PAH) in both the roof of the building, on the surface or in the ground,
pools, ponds and reservoirs ". (PUPR ministerial regulation No. 09 / PRT / M /
2015). In accordance with the ministerial regulations to support the supply of raw
water and capture the excess irrigation water in Sidoarjo regency one of the
solutions provided by the government is to re-create the Kali Mati as a pitcher
(Longstorage) in order to provide raw water in Sidoarjo. Most of Kali Mati
currently used for vacant land, gardens and fields, and some have established
permanent structures such as houses and government buildings (village office), so
it cannot function optimally. Administratively location of dead times of the border
between Sidoarjo and Mojokerto regency. Kali Porong dead a former old
straightens. A map of the study area can be seen in picture 1.

740

Location of this
study

Picture 1. Map of Longstorage Kali Mati

Explenation of Literature Study
1. Projections of population and water needs
In this study projection the use of ( geometric rate of growth ). This method is
the formula multiple interests is commonly used. The average person around
prosentase the population growth rate constant every year, the number of
population in n and the number at the beginning was calculated as follows:
(Muliakusuma, 2000: 254)
= 0 . (1 + )
Where:
Pn = total population in year n (people)
P0 = total population in begin year (people)
n = the number of projections (year)
r = Annual population growth rate (%)

In counting needs and water service must calculate population in service areas,
increase the number of people each year estimates, the number of users per
person per day until estimates, the number of domestic demand for water and
non domestic until estimates. These calculations to be used in reckon
investment needs of clean water infrastructure to come. In table 1 elaborated
about water needs DPU Cipta Karya.

741

(1)

Tabel 1. Water Demand

Category

Total Population

Metropolitan Zone
>1.000.000
Big City
500.000 1.000.000
Middle City
100.000 500.000
Small City
20.000 100.000
Village
<20.000
Source :DPU Cipta Karya, 1984
a.

Standar of Water Needs

(lt/person/day)
150-200
120-150
90-120
60-90
40-60

Domestic Demand
Domestic demand is the clean water supply used for domestic purposes
and faucet common connection. The number of water demand they were
chosen data from based on the characteristics and the development of
consumer user clean water.
Domestic demand (Qd), with a formula : (Zulkipli, 2012)
Qd = Mn . S

(2)

Dimana : Qd = Domestic Demand Discharge

Mn = Total of population
S
= Standar of water needs (per person per day)
b. Non Domestic Demand
Domestic demand for water non covering social needs of the industry. The
non domestic facilities these include office facilities, education, trade, the
temple and health facilities. Domestic demand for water non (qnd)
expressed by a formula as follows.
Qnd = 50% .Qd
Kebutuhan Total Air
Q = Q d + Q nd
(Pedoman/petunjuk Teknik dan Manual, Air Minum Perkotaan)
Kehilangan Air
Qkeh = 20% . Q
(Pedoman/petunjuk Teknik dan Manual, Air Minum Perkotaan)
2. Hidrology Analysis
For determining the discharge main needed series data debits are along which
owned by every an observation station discharge river.The method often
applied to discharge s analysis is the method statistics (ranking). According to
soemarto (1987) , observation the size of the reliability of taken to settle steady
the use of water in some kinds of other activities can be seen in table 2 the
following.
4

742

(3)
(4)
(5)

Tabel 2. The amount of discharge reliability for a variety of needs

Water Needs
Chance (%)
Drinking Water
99
Irrigation Water
98-95
Irrigation Water
Half Humid Zone
70-85
Dry Zone
80-95
Hydro Electric Power Plant
85-90
Source :Soemarto, 1993 : 137
Method used in analysis distribution opportunities is the weibull method,
opportunities discharge can be expressed as the formula the
following(Soewarno, 1995) :
Pr =

+1

Dimana :

(6)

100%

Pr = Probability (%)
m = serial number of data
n = total of data

Methodology of Study
A study of methodology studies the fulfillment of clean water in Sidoarjo begins
of the data that required among other data broad and water allocation in on delta
brantas, a pattern of data cropping global Sidoarjo, data on the number of the
inhabitants of Sidoarjo, service data drinking water Sidoarjo, data discharge high
demand for the water industry. Of this kind of data can be obtained discharge the
realization of irrigation that is in that compares with every year the reduction of
land on delta brantas and obtained an excess of irrigation water, which is stored in
long storage times die for converted become the fulfillment of clean water in
Sidoarjo.
Begin

Data of size
and Allocation
of Water Delta
Brantas
Irrigation Area

the data
pattern of
global
planting

Actual Irrigation
Discharge

Data Service
Water of
Sidoarjo

Data
Population of
Sidoarjo

Water User Population

Projection to 2035

Projected Needs Water and

Size in Irrigation Area in 2035

Data
Discharge of
Industrial
Water Needs

Projected Water Supplies

Industry until 2035

Drinking water needs until

2035

Excess irrigation water

Accommodated in
Longstorage

Clean water needs until 2035

Clean water needs until 2035 are met

Finish

Picture 2. Flowchart of research

5

743

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

1. Projected population and the need for clean water
From the results of obtained that population growth rata-rata district Sidoarjo
2.83% a month. Projection district population Sidoarjo will be clean water in
2034 of 3.951.287 people assuming the service according to the number of
district Sidoarjo service in March 2015 of 34.65% and standards common
water needs households taken by 250 lt/person/day, so demand for water needs
in Sidoarjo.
Table 3.Total Clean Water Needs in Sidoarjo
Year

Population
(person)

Standart of
water needs
(lt/person/day)

Domestic
Water Needs
(lt/day)

Domestic
Water Needs
(lt/s)

Non Domestic
Water Needs
(lt/s)

Total
Water
Needs (lt/s)

2016

2.243.777

150

336.566.495,34

3.895,45

1.947,72

5.843,17

2020

2.508.375

150

376.256.228,26

4.354,82

2.177,41

6.532,23

2025

2.883.424

150

432513551,30

5005,94

2502,97

7508,92

2030

3.314.549

150

497182393,30

5754,43

2877,21

8631,64

2035

3.810.136

150

571520433,21

6614,82

3307,41

9922,23

From calculation above shows that water needs in Sidoarjo until 2035, it is worth
9922,23 lt/s but of its installed capacity of ipa existing during the year 2014 worth
1.290 lt/s so it can be known that in years 2014 until 2035 experienced a lack of it
discharge 10.616,68 lt/s.
2. Hidrology Analysis
Hydrology analysis aims to obtain the discharge that is in Porong area canal
which will be used to know the discharge that is passed by the Porong area
canal. This analysis hydrology estimated from data recording discharge in weir
lengkong new and after were analysed out, there were:
The discharge of the data is passed by the canal Porong area for 10 years
(2004 until 2013)
data the use of water allocation for irrigation for five years (2009 until
2013)
the allocation data water for the use of others (industry, pdam, factory)
Allocation of Water Use in Porong Kanal
The allocation of the use of water in the porong canal area based on data from is
for the purposes of irrigation and for industrial uses.
Broad default crop served by the porong canal area is 10.798 ha in 2009 and
reduced to 10.642 ha in 2012.
Table 4. fields served by channel Porong Kanal
No
Channel
1 Sal. Kedung Ploso

Fields area (ha)

874
6

744

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

Sal. Cepiples
Sal. Sub. Mergayu
Sal. Bokong
Sal. Gedangrowo
P. Porong I
P. Porong II
Sal. Krembung
Sal. Rawan
Sal. Tambakrejo
Sal. Kedungsumur
Sal. Juwet
Sal. Pejarakan
Sal. Kd. Cangkring
Sal. P. Porong II
Sal. P. Porong III
Sal. Porong IV
Sal. Gedangrowo
Total Porong Canal

410
87
1112
1900
519
515
1310
260
158
529
454
494
830
296
101
166
783
10798

Source : UPTD Buntung Paketingan

Table 5. The allocation of the average water discharge and actual water discharge
to Porong Canal
Month
Jan
Peb
Mar
Apr
Mei
Jun
Jul
Agt
Sep
Okt
Nop
Des
TOTAL
YEAR AVERAGE
FIELDS AREA (ha)

Q
average
(Lt/s)
8.569
8.569
7.253
14.230
13.657
13.657
9.422
6.076
4.462
7.399
4.462
8.023
105.779
8.815

Month
Jan
Peb
Mar
Apr
Mei
Jun

Year 2009
Q
Actual
(Lt/s)
6.830
4.804
4.383
11.836
14.605
14.155
8.158
4.978
4.007
4.497
6.650
6.269
91.172
7.598

Q
(Lt/s)
1.739
3.765
2.870
2.394
(948)
(498)
1.264
1.098
455
2.902
(2.188)
1.754
14.607
1.217
10.798

Q
average
(Lt/s)
10.431
10.568
6.635
9.492
12.829
7.978

Q
average
(Lt/s)
12.294
11.479
10.286
8.407
14.561
12.888
11.043
7.511
7.557
7.509
12.556
13.802
129.893
10.824

Year 2012
Q
Actual
(Lt/s)
8.347
7.515
6.707
5.474
6.987
6.783

Year 2010
Q
Actual
(Lt/s)
7.163
7.162
6.706
3.487
5.826
8.429
9.029
7.458
3.990
4.259
6.699
8.963
79.171
6.598

Q
(Lt/s)
2.084
3.053
(72)
4.018
5.842
1.195

Q
average
(Lt/s)
12.062
10.295
6.681
7.097
11.965
11.291

Q
(Lt/s)
5.131
4.317
3.580
4.920
8.735
4.459
2.014
53
3.567
3.250
5.857
4.839
50.722
4.227
10.731

Q
average
(Lt/s)
13.972
10.872
10.216
12.463
15.249
15.483
11.998
7.673
5.441
4.909
7.152
10.105
125.533
10.461

Year 2013
Q
Actual
(Lt/s)
7.344
7.531
3.584
4.503
5.653
5.559

Year 2011
Q
Actual
(Lt/s)
8.489
6.526
5.849
6.130
8.104
8.111
6.678
4.365
3.102
2.373
6.260
9.840
75.827
6.319

Q
(Lt/s)
4.718
2.764
3.097
2.594
6.312
5.732

745

Q
(Lt/s)
5.483
4.346
4.367
6.333
7.145
7.372
5.320
3.308
2.339
2.536
892
265
49.706
4.142
10.730

Jul
Agt
Sep
Okt
Nop
Des
TOTAL
YEAR AVERAGE
FIELDS AREA (ha)

6.586
6.598
6.727
6.700
6.062
11.915
102.521
8.543

5.932
4.826
2.798
2.290
2.659
5.500
65.818
5.485

654
1.772
3.929
4.410
3.403
6.415
36.703
3.059
10.642

12.077
9.421
6.309
5.260
7.600
11.012
111.070
9.256

5.932
4.826
2.798
2.290
2.659
5.500
58.179
4.848

6.145
4.595
3.511
2.970
4.941
5.512
52.891
4.408
10.642

Source : UPTD Buntung Paketingan

Besides used for irrigation discharge the water in porong area canal also used to
the industry where the size of the water for the purpose of industry is as follows:
-

PG Krembung

: 200 Lt/s

PG Tulangan

: 200 Lt/s

Paper Industries Pakerin : 165 Lt/s

PDAM (IPA Mindi)

Total

: 575 Lt/s

10 Lt/s

From discharge that is obtained table the use of needs the water in channel porong
area canal.

Mangetan
Canal

Porong Canal

Average Q
= 11.370lt/s

Voor Canal

Irrigation
= 6.169 lt/s
Lisence
= 575 lt/s
Q rest
=3,254lt/s

Lengkong Baru
Dam
Brantas River

Picture 4. Water Use Allocation Scheme in Porong Canal

This study calculate about pattern of global printing and from begining plant in
Nopember I period until Januari III periode and the results and the most optimal
period to begining plant is in Nopember III.

746

Table 6. Alternative pattern of global printing

Alternative

Plant Period

PTT 1
PTT 2
PTT 3
PTT 4
PTT 5
PTT 6
PTT 7
PTT 8
PTT 9
PTT 10

Nopember I
Nopember II
Nopember III
Desember I
Desember II
Desember III
Januari I
Januari II
Januari III
Februari I

Total Period
Fullfilled
20
21
21
20
21
19
20
19
20
21

Total Period
Shortage
16
15
15
16
15
17
16
17
16
15

Total of Waterless
(lt/s/ha)
1,1154
0,5513
0,5253
0,5253
0,5346
0,5672
0,5672
0,6020
0,8014
0,8615

Waterless
Period
Nopember II
Nopember II
Juli I
Juli II
Agustus I
Agustus I
Agustus II
September I
Juni II
Juni II

Table 7. Irrigated reduction in Delta Brantas Irrigation Area

Month
(1)
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024

Field (Ha)
(2)
2.060
21.887
21.715
21.545
21.375
21.208
21.041
20.876
20.712
20.550
20.388

Month
(1)
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035

Field (Ha)
(2)
20.228
20.069
19.912
19.756
19.601
19.447
19.294
19.143
18.992
18.843
18.695

Table 8. Volume of Long Storage

2016
2020
2025
2030
2035

Total of Waterless
(m /s)
(m3)
6,05
15.676.453
6,61
22.856.747
7,58
26.200.047
8,87
38.324.124
10,53
54.566.334

Total Full Filled Water

(m3/s)
(m3)
400,33
1.383.536.981
387,78
1.340.157.656
369,50
1.276.987.974
347,96
1.202.562.564
322,70
1.115.268.443

m3/s

Year

24,00
22,00
20,00
18,00
16,00
14,00
12,00
10,00
8,00
6,00
4,00
2,00
0,00

Difference
(m3)
1.367.860.528
1.317.300.908
1.250.787.927
1.164.238.441
1.060.702.110

Water Balance Longstorage In 2035

Water
needs
Kebutuha
n Air
Bersih
Tampung
Long
Storage
an

11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35
Period

Picture 5. Chart of water balance in 2035

9

747

PDAM Delta Tirta Sidoarjo service coverage in 2015 only reached 34.65%. It
assumed that in the next year Sidoarjo service coverage has not increased so that
the next year to operate longstorage coverage of taps can be met 100 % despite the
lack of water in October. In the calculation of 2035.

Clean water needs = 9922,23 lt/dt = 9,92 m3/s.

Water service coverage 34,65%
Deficiency of water service coverage = 6,48 m3/s.
Deficiency water in October = 54.566.334 m3.
Excess water = 1.115.268.443 m3.
Difference = 1.060.702.110 m3.
Total volume longstorage = 1.654.843 m3.

From these data, we can note that the scope of service can be increased to 100 %
in addition to October. Even so, in October need to get others to supply water
service coverage to 100 % in the year. This service coverage is excellent because
based on the MDGs ( Millennium Development Goals ) service coverage for the
urban minimum of 80%. So it is best if this long storage immediately to operate.
3. Longstorage
Volume for longstorage 1 is
H average
: 4,14
Area average : 133576,73 m2
Volume
: 553341,62 m3
Volume for longstorage 2 is
H average
: 3,60 m
Area average : 166072,30 m2
Volume
: 597195,98 m3
Volume for longstorage 3 is
H average
: 2,95 m
Area average : 170922,05 m2
Volume
: 504305,50 m3
The total volume is 553341,62 + 597195,98 + 504305,50= 1.654.843,09 m3

Tarik

PERKAMPUNGAN

Jl. Raya

SAWAH

SAWAH

SAWAH

Spillway 2
Pintu 2

PERKAMPUNGAN

Kolam 2

PERKAMPUNGAN
PERKAMPUNGAN

Pintu 1

SAWAH
PERKAMPUNGAN
PERKAMPUNGAN

Spillway 1

PERKAMPUNGAN

Kolam 1

KALI
PERKAMPUNGAN

Spillway 3

KALI PORONG KANAL

MATI

Pintu 3

SAWAH

Kolam 3

PERKAMPUNGAN
PERKAMPUNGAN

SAWAH

IPA/ Kantor

PERKAMPUNGAN

PERKAMPUNGAN
SAWAH

PERKAMPUNGAN

PERKAMPUNGAN

SAWAH
PERKAMPUNGAN

PERKAMPUNGAN

KALI

SAWAH

KAL

SAWAH

I PO

RON
G

PERKAMPUNGAN

PERKAMPUNGAN

MATI

PERKAMPUNGAN

KALI PORONG KANAL

SAWAH

SAWAH

SAWAH

PERKAMPUNGAN

PERKAMPUNGAN

SAWAH

Jl. Raya Prambon

PERKAMPUNGAN

PAB

RIK

PERKAMPUNGAN

PAK

ERIN

SAWAH

KAL

SAWAH

I PO

RON
G

Picture 6. Longstorage Kali Mati Layout

10

748

CONCLUSSION AND RECOMENDATION

Conclussion
1. Population growth in sidoarjo district annually by 2,83 % and the population
in 2035 of 3.810.136 soul.
2. The clean water supply in sidoarjo of years until 2035 of 11.906,68 lt/s
meanwhile the capacity of attached from ipa that is up to 2014 which 1.290
lt/s so that, it can be seen that in 2014 until the year of 2035 ipa existing
experienced a lack of discharge 10.616,68 lt/s.
3. The most optimal alternative of planting periode in sidoarjo in is Nopember
III with water needs in 2035 is 9,82 m3/s in July III.
4. The scope of service can be increased to 100 % in addition to October. Even
so, in October need to get others to supply water service coverage to 100 %
in the year. This service coverage is excellent because based on the MDGs
(Millennium Development Goals) service coverage for the urban minimum
of 80%. So it is best if this long storage immediately to operate.
5. Volume reservoir longstorage times dead the of 1.654.843,09 m3.
Recomendation
That population in the area of sidoarjo are on clean water service until the year of
2034 so lack of discharge can deceased of construction longstorage times dead but
when project umbulan II that a plan is going to be started and can be used so
while waiting for the completion of the construction longstorage, suply of
umbulan can be used .
REFERENCES
Anonim. 2015. Permen PUPR No 09/PRT/M/2015 tentang Penggunaan Sumber
Daya Air. Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumaan Rakyat.
Linsley, R.K. 1989. TeknikSumberDaya Air Jilid II. Jakarta:Erlangga.
Jasa Tirta 1. 2015.
(www.jasatirta1.co.id/pengusahaan.php?subaction=showfull&id=11917334
32&archive=&start_from=&ucat=5&) [diakses pada tanggal 26 Juni 2015]
Muliakusuma, S. 1981. Dasar-Dasar Demografi, Lembaga Demografi Fakultas
Ekonomi Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.
PDAM Delta Tirta Sidoarjo. 2015. (www.pdamsidoarjo.co.id) [diakses pada
tanggal 26 Juni 2015]
Soemarto, C.D. 1986. HidrologiTeeknikEdisi 1. Surabaya:UsahaNasional.

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749