Pieter Burman the Elder

practice of law, without, however, abandoning his classical studies. In December 1691 he was appointed receiver
of the tithes which were originally paid to the bishop of
Utrecht, and ve years later was nominated to the professorship of eloquence and history. To this chair was
soon added that of Greek and politics. In 1714 he paid a
short visit to Paris and ransacked the libraries. In the following year he was appointed successor to the celebrated
Perizonius, who had held the chair of history, Greek language and eloquence at Leiden.[1]
He was subsequently appointed professor of history for
the United Provinces and in 1724 he became the 9th Librarian of Leiden University. His numerous editorial and
critical works spread his fame as a scholar throughout Europe, and engaged him in many of the stormy disputes
which were then so common among men of letters.[6]

2 Works
Pieter Burmann the Elder

Pieter Burman (1668 31 March 1741), also known

as Peter or Pieter Burmann[1] (Latin: Petrus Burmannus)[2] and posthumously distinguished from his nephew
as "the Elder" (Latin: Senior), was a Dutch classical
scholar.

Life

He was born at Utrecht, the son of Franz Burmann

(Franciscus Burmannus; 1628-1679) and Maria, daughter of Abraham Heidanus.[3][4] His father was the son of a
Protestant minister who had been driven from France; he
ociated as professor of theology at Utrecht, and became
known by his writings, especially by his commentaries on
the Old Testament.[5] At the age of thirteen Pieter entered the university where he studied under Graevius and
Gronovius. He devoted himself particularly to the study
of the classical languages, and became unusually procient in Latin composition. As he was intended for the
legal profession, he spent some years in attendance on the Title page of Burmans Quintilian edition (Leiden 1720)
law classes. For about a year he studied at Leiden, paying
special attention to philosophy and Greek.[6]
Burman published Latin editions of Phaedrus (1698),[2]
On his return to Utrecht he took the degree of doc- Horace (1699),[7] Valerius Flaccus (1702),[8] Petronius
tor of laws (March 1688), and after travelling through (1709),[9] Menander and Philemon (1710),[10] Ovid
Switzerland and part of Germany, settled down to the (1713[11] & 1727),[12] Velleius Paterculus (1719),[13]
1

REFERENCES

Quintilian (1720),[14] Justin the Historian (1722),[15] var- [12] Burman (1727a), Burman (1727b), Burman (1727c), &
Burman (1727d).
ious minor Latin poets (1731),[16] Suetonius (1736),[17]
and Lucan (1740)[18] He died while editing the work of [13] Burman (1719).
Vergil, an edition that was completed by his nephew.[19]
Burman also emended Thomas Ruddiman's edition of
George Buchanan's Latin works,[20] continued Graeviuss Thesauruses of Italian[21] and Sicilian history,[22]
and wrote the treatise De Vectigalibus Populi Romani
(1694)[23] and A Brief Description of Roman Antiquities (1711).[24] His Sylloge of Letters Written by Illustrious Men (17257)[25] contains biographical material on
scholars.[6] He edited several other volumes of letters as
well.[26]
The list of his works occupies ve pages in Saxe's Onomasticon. His Latin poems and orations[27] were republished after his death.[28] There is an account of his life
in the Gentlemans Magazine for April 1742 by Samuel
Johnson.[6]

[14] Burman (1720a) & Burman (1720b).

[15] Burman (1722).
[16] Burman (1731).
[17] Burman (1736).
[18] Burman (1740c).
[19] Burman (1746a).
[20] Ruddiman (1725).
[21] Gree (1722a), Gree (1722b), Gree (1722c), Gree
(1722d), Gree (1723a), Gree (1723b), & Gree
(1723c).
[22] Gree (1723d) & Gree (1725).
[23] Burman (1694).

Legacy

[24] Burman (1715).

[25] Burman (1725a) & Burman (1727e).

In his edition of Petroniuss Satyricon, Burman demon- [26] Burman (1697) & Burman (1725b).
strated that the supplementary material recently added to [27] Burman (1703), Burman (1706), Burman (1725b),
the text by Franois Nodot was in fact a forgery.
Burman (1732), Burman (1740a), & Burman (1741).
[28] Burman (1746b).

References
4.2 Bibliography

4.1

Citations

[1] EB (1878).
[2] Burman (1698).
[3] Wiep van Bunge et al. (editors), The Dictionary of Seventeenth and Eighteenth-Century Dutch Philosophers (2003),
Thoemmes Press (two volumes), article Burman Primus
or Sr., Pieter, p. 1935.
[4] Wilhelm Ga (1876), "Burmann, Franz", Allgemeine
Deutsche Biographie (ADB) (in German), 3, Leipzig:
Duncker & Humblot, p. 627
[5] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text
from a publication now in the public domain: Ripley,
George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). "Burmann". The
American Cyclopdia.
[6] EB (1911).
[7] Burman (1699).
[8] Heins (1702) & Burman (1724).
[9] Burman (1709).
[10] Burman (1710).
[11] Burman (1713a), Burman (1713b), & Burman (1713b).

Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1741),

Batesteinum in Concione Academica Celebratum
die XXII Septembris MDCCXXXVIII, Friedrich
Henning. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Bermannus] (1725c),
Carmen Elegiacum, Auctoribus Illustrissimis et
Amplissimis Academiae Batavae, quae est Leidae,
Curatoribus, et Urbis Consulibus, in Celeberrima
Panegyri, quae ad Decorandum Academiae Centesimum et Quinquagesimum Natalem die VIII Febr.
MDCCXXV Convenerat, Dictum, Pieter vander Aa.
(Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1725d),
Catalogus Rarissimorum & Praestantissimorum
Librorum, qui in Thesaurus Romano, Graeco,
Italico, & Siculo Continentur, Secundum Nomina
Auctorum per Alphabeti Ordinem Digestus, Leiden:
Pieter vander Aa. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1736), C. Suetonius Tranquillus, cum notis integris Jo. Bapt.
Egnatii, Henrici Glareani, Laevini Torrentii, Fulvii
Ursini, Isacii Casavboni, Jani Gruteri, Theod. Marcilii, Joannis Georgii Graevii, Caroli Patini, qui ex
numismatibus illustravit, & selectis aliorum, Vols. I
& II, Amsterdam: Jansson Waesberg. (Latin)

4.2

Bibliography

Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1724), C. Valerii Flacci Setini Balbi Argonauticon Libri Octo cum
Notis integris Ludovici Carrionis, Laurentii Balbi
Liliensis, Justi Zinzerlingi, Christophori Bulaei, Gerardi Vossii et Nicolai Heinsii, et selectis Aegidii
Maserii, Joannis Bapistae Pii, Joannis Weitzii, et
Aliorum, Leiden: Samuel Luchtmans. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1719), C.
Velleii Paterculi quae supersunt ex Historiae Romanae Voluminibus Duobus cum Integris Scholiis,
Notis, Variis Lectionibus, et Animadversionibus Doctorum, Samuel Luchtmans. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1710),
Emendationes in Menandri et Philemonis Reliquias
ex nupera Editione Joannis Clerici: ubi multa Grotii
& aliorum, plurima vero Clerici errata castigantur,
Auctore Phileleuthero Lipsiensi, Willem van de
Water. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1722), Justini
Historiae Philippicae: Variantes Lectiones, Samuel
Luchtmans. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1740c), M.
Annaei Lucani Pharsalia cum Commentario, Leiden: Conrad Wisho, Danil Gtval, & Georg Jacob Wisho. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1720a), M.
Fabii Quinctiliani de Institutione Oratoria Libri
Duodecim cum Notis et Animadversionibus Virorum
Doctorum Summa Cura Recogniti et Emendati, Vols.
I & II, Leiden: Joannes de Vivi. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1720b), M.
Fabii Quinctiliani ut ferunt Declamationes XIX Majores et quae ex CCCLXXXVIII supersunt CXLV Minores et Calpurnii Flacci Declamationes cum Notis Doctorum Virorum, Leiden: Joannes du Vivi.
(Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1697),
Marquardi Gudii et Doctorum Virorum ad Eum
Epistolae quibus accedunt ex Bibliotheca Gudiana
Clarissimorum et Doctissimorum Virorum, qui
superiore & nostro saeculo oruerunt et Claudii
Sarravii Senatoris Parisiensis Epistolae ex eadem
Bibliotheca auctiores, Franz Halmam & Willem van
de Water, and corrected edition (1714) Heinrich
Scheurleer. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1706), Oratio
de Auspicatissima Terra Marique Anni M DCCVI
Batavorum & Foederatorum Militia, & Praeclaris a
Communi Hoste Reportatis Victoriis XXV Novemb.
M D CCVI, Willem van de Water. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1703), Oratio
Funebris in Obitum Viri Clarissimi Joannis Georgii

3
Graevii, Magnae Britanniae Regis Historici, Politices,
Historiarum, & Eloquentiae Professoris Ordinarii
Habita XI Kal. Martias M D CCIII, Willem van de
Water. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1741), Oratio
in Humanitatis Studia Habita VIII Februarii M D
CCXX cum Magistratu Academico Abiret, Friedrich
Henning. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1740a), Oratio
pro Pigritia Publice Habita ad Diem XX Febr. MDCCII, Friedrich Henning. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1725b), Petri
Cunaei, Eloquentiae & Juris Romani quondam in
Academia Batava Professoris, & Doctorum Virorum
ad Eumdem Epistolae quibus accedit Oratio in obitum Bonaventurae Vulcanii, Leiden: Pieter vander
Aa. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1698),
Phaedri, Aug.
Liberti Fabularum Aesopiarum
Libri V cum integris Commentariis Marq. Gudii,
Conr. Rittershusii, Nic. Rigaltii, Nic. Heinsii, Joan.
Scheeri, Jo. Lud. Praschii, & excerptis aliorum,
Amsterdam: Heinrich Wetstein. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1746b),
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus Junior], ed.,
Pomatum Libri Quatuor, Amsterdam: Meinard
Uytwerf. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1731), Poetae Latini Minores sive Gratii Falisci Cynegeticon,
M. Aurelii Olympii Nemesiani Cynegeticon, Et Ejusdem Eclogae IV, T. Calpurnii Siculi Eclogae VII,
Claudii Rutilii Numatiani Iter, Q. Serenus Samonicus
De Medicina, Vindicianus sive Marcellus De Medicina, Q. Rhemnius Fannius Palaemon De Ponderibus
& Mensuris, et Sulpiciae Satyra cum integris Doctorum Virorum Notis & quorumdam excerptis, Vols.
I & II, Leiden: Conrad Wisho & Danil Gdval.
(Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1732), Pro Literatoribus et Grammaticis Oratio, Habita VIII Februarii MDCCXXXII cum Magistratu Academico Abiret,
Leiden: Conrad Wisho & Danil Gdval. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1713a), P.
Ovidii Nasonis... Scripta Amatoria Complexus, P.
Ovidii Nasonis Opera, Vol. I, Amsterdam: Rod. &
Ger. Wetsten. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1713b), P.
Ovidii Nasonis... Metamorphoses Complectitur, P.
Ovidii Nasonis Opera, Vol. II, Amsterdam: Rod. &
Ger. Wetsten. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1713c), P.
Ovidii Nasonis... Fasti, Tristia, Ponticae Epistolae, et

4
Ibis, Vol. III, Amsterdam: Rod. & Gerh. Wetsten.
(Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1727a), Publii
Ovidii Nasonis Heroides Amorum Lib. III, Artis Amatoriae Libri III, Remedia Amoris, Medicamina Faciei Halieutica, Epicedion Drusi Caesaris A. Sabini
Epistolae III, cum Integris Jacobi Micylli, Herculis
Ciofani, Danielis et Nicolai Heinsiorum, et Excerptis
Aliorum Notis], Publii Ovidii Nasonis Opera Omnia
IV Voluminibus Comprehensa cum Integris Jacobi
Micylli, Herculis Ciofani, et Danielis Heinsii Curis
Secundis, et Aliorum in Singulas Partes, Partim Integris, Partim Excerptis, Adnotationibus, Vol. I, Amsterdam: Jansson Waesberg. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1727b), Publii
Ovidii Nasonis Metamorphoseon Libri XV cum Integris Jacobi Constantii Fanensis, Henrici Loritii
Glareani, Jacobi Micylli, Herculis Ciofani, Danielis
et Nicolai Heinsiorum, et Excerptis Aliorum Notis,
quibus et suas Adnotationes, Publii Ovidii Nasonis Opera Omnia..., Vol. II, Amsterdam: Jansson
Waesberg. (Latin)
Publii Ovidii Nasonis Fastorum Libri VI cum Integris Jacobi Micylli, Herculis Ciofani, Caroli Neapolis, Danielis et Nicolai Heinsiorum, et Excerptis Aliorum Notis, Publii Ovidii Nasonis Opera Omnia...,
Vol. III, Amsterdam: Jansson Waesberg, 1727c.
(Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1727d), Publii
Ovidii Nasonis Ibis cum Integris Jacobi Constantii Fanensis, Jacobi Micylli, Herculis Ciofani, Dionysii Salvagnii Boesii, Dan. et Nic. Heinsiorum, et Exerptis Aliorum Notis ut et Appendicem Ovidianam Vitas
Ovidii, Elogia et Dedicationes et Praefationes Doctorum Virorum Addenda et Tres Indices, Publii Ovidii
Nasonis Opera Omnia..., Vol. IV, Amsterdam: R.
& J. Wetstein & G. Smith. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1746a),
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus Junior], ed.,
P. Virgilii Maronis Opera, cum Integris & Emendatioribus Commentariis Servii, Philargyrii, Pierii,
Accedunt Fulvii Ursini, Georgii Fabricii, Francisci
Nansii, Joh. Musonii, Tanaquilli Fabri, et Aliorum,
ac Praecipue Nicolai Heinsii Notae Nunc Primum
Editae, Vols. I, II, III, & IV, Amsterdam: Jacob
Wetsten. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1699), Q.
Horatius Flaccus: Accedunt J. Rutgersii Lectiones
Venusinae, Franois Halma & Willem van de Water. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1740b),
Somnium sive Iter in Arcadiam Novam, Publice
Narratum in Maiori Academiae Ultraiectinae Acroaterio ad diem VIIII Septembris MDCCX, Friedrich
Henning. (Latin)

REFERENCES

Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1725a), Sylloges Epistolarum a Viris Illustribus Scriptarum, Vols.
I, II, & III, Leiden: Samuel Luchtmans. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1727e),
Sylloges Epistolarum a Viris Illustribus Scriptarum,
Vols. IV, V, & V, Leiden: Samuel Luchtmans.
(Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1709), Titi
Petronii Arbitri Satricn quae supersunt cum integris
Doctorum Virorum Commentariis & Notis Nicolai
Heinsii & Guilielmi Goesii nunc primum editis: Accedunt Jani Dousae Praecidanea, D. Jos. Ant. Gonsali
de Salas Commenta, Variae Dissertationes & Praefationes, quarum Index post praefationem exhibetur,
Willem van de Water. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1734),
Vectigalia Populi Romani et
sive Jupiter Fulgerator in Cyrrhestarum Nummis
curis secundis Illustrata, Leiden: Conrad & George
Wisho. (Latin)
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus] (1715), Viri
Clar. Antiquitatum Romanarum Brevis Descriptio
in Usum Lectionum Recusa, 2nd ed., Leipzig: J.
Chrisopher Christmann. (Latin)
Gree, Johann Georg [Joannes Georgius Graevius] (1722a), Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus],
ed., Thesaurus Antiquitatum et Historiarum Italiae,
quo continentur Optimi quique Scriptores, qui Regionis Transpadanae et Alpibus Vicinae Conniumque
Populorum ac Civitatium Res Antiquas, aliasque
vario tempore gestas, memoriae prodiderunt, Vol.
IV, Pts. i & ii, Pieter vander Aa. (Latin)
Gree, Johann Georg [Joannes Georgius Graevius]
(1722b), Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus], ed.,
Thesaurus Antiquitatum et Historiarum Italiae, quo
continentur Optimi quique Scriptores, qui Regionum
et Urbium Juris Veneti Conniumque Populorum ac
Civitatium Res Antiquas, aliasque vario tempore gestas, memoriae prodiderunt, Vol. V, Pts. i, ii, iii, &
iv, Pieter vander Aa. (Latin)
Gree, Johann Georg [Joannes Georgius Graevius]
(1722c), Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus], ed.,
Thesaurus Antiquitatum et Historiarum Italiae, quo
continentur Optimi quique Scriptores, qui Patavii,
Fori-Julii, Istriae Conniumque Populorum ac Civitatium Res Antiquas, aliasque vario tempore gestas,
memoriae prodiderunt, Vol. VI, Pts. i, ii, iii, & iv,
Pieter vander Aa. (Latin)
Gree, Johann Georg [Joannes Georgius Graevius]
(1722d), Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus], ed.,
Thesaurus Antiquitatum et Historiarum Italiae, quo
continentur Optimi quique Scriptores, qui Bononiae,

5
Urbium Status Ecclesiastici et Aliarum ad Mare Adriaticum, Conniumque Populorum ac Civitatium Res
Antiquas, aliasque vario tempore gestas, memoriae
prodiderunt, Vol. VII, Pts. i & ii, Pieter vander Aa.
(Latin)
Gree, Johann Georg [Joannes Georgius Graevius]
(1723a), Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus], ed.,
Thesaurus Antiquitatum et Historiarum Italiae, quo
continentur Optimi quique Scriptores, qui Etruriae,
Umbriae, Sabinorum, Latii, Conniumque Populorum ac Civitatium Res Antiquas, aliasque vario tempore gestas, memoriae prodiderunt, Vol. VIII, Pts. i,
ii, iii, & iv, Pieter vander Aa. (Latin)
Gree, Johann Georg [Joannes Georgius Graevius]
(1723b), Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus], ed.,
Thesaurus Antiquitatum et Historiarum Italiae, quo
continentur Optimi quique Scriptores, qui Campaniae, Neapolis, Magnae Graeciae, Conniumque
Populorum ac Civitatium Res Antiquas, aliasque
vario tempore gestas, memoriae prodiderunt, Vol.
IX, Pts. i, ii, iii, iv, & v, Pieter vander Aa. (Latin)
Gree, Johann Georg [Joannes Georgius Graevius] (1723c), Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus],
ed., Thesaurus Antiquitatum et Historiarum Italiae,
quo continentur Optimi quique Scriptores reliqui, qui
Cisalpinae Italiae, et Longobardiae res memoriae
prodiderunt, quique Priorum Tomorum Supplementi
Vicem Praestare Possunt, Secundum ordinem Regionum Italiae in illis dispositi, Vol. IX, Pts. vi, vii,
& viii, Pieter vander Aa. (Latin)
Gree, Johann Georg [Joannes Georgius Graevius]
(1723d), Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus], ed.,
Thesaurus Antiquitatum et Historiarum Siciliae, quo
continentur Rarissimi & Optimi quique Scriptores, qui
Nobilissimarum Insularum, Siciliae, Sardiniae, Corsicae et Adjacentium Situm, Res gestas, Antiquitates
& Imperiorum vicissitudines memoriae prodiderunt,
Vols. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, & X, Pieter
vander Aa. (Latin)
Gree, Johann Georg [Joannes Georgius Graevius]
(1725), Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus], ed.,
Thesaurus Antiquitatum et Historiarum Siciliae...,
Vols. XI, XII, XIII, XIV, & XV, Pieter vander Aa.
(Latin)
Heins, Nicolaas [Nicolaus Heinsius] (1702), Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus], ed., C. Valerii
Flacci Setini Balbi Argonautica, Willem van de Water. (Latin)
Ruddiman, Thomas [Thoma Ruddimannus] (1725),
Burman, Pieter [Petrus Burmannus], ed., Georgii
Buchanani, Scoti, Potarum sui seculi facile Principis, Praeceptoris Jacobi VI Scotorum, & Primi
Angl. Reg. Opera Omnia, Historica, Chronologica, Juridica, Politica, Satyrica & Poetica, J. Arnold
Langerak. (Latin)

Baynes, T.S., ed. (1878). "Pieter Burmann".

Encyclopdia Britannica. IV (9th ed.). p. 562.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Burmann, Pieter the
Elder". Encyclopdia Britannica. IV (11th ed.).
Cambridge University Press. p. 846.

5 External links
"Burmann, Peter". New International Encyclopedia.
1905.

6 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

6.1

Text

Pieter Burman the Elder Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Burman_the_Elder?oldid=722250845 Contributors: Charles

Matthews, D6, Paul August, Sietse Snel, Raymond, GregorB, Libr, RussBot, GeeJo, Marcus Cyron, SmackBot, Afasmit, Andrew Dalby,
Neddyseagoon, ShelfSkewed, Jane023, Cydebot, JamesAM, Waacstats, SieBot, N p holmes, RogDel, Addbot, The Sage of Stamford,
Lightbot, Luckas-bot, AnomieBOT, LlywelynII, RjwilmsiBot, EmausBot, PBS-AWB, BG19bot, Hmainsbot1, OccultZone, Library Guy,
Loose eel, DavidBrooks-AWB, KasparBot and Anonymous: 7

6.2

Images

File:Pieter_Burmann_der_ltere_-_Imagines_philologorum.jpg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/
d/d5/Pieter_Burmann_der_%C3%84ltere_-_Imagines_philologorum.jpg License:
Public domain Contributors:
Alfred Gudeman: Imagines philologorum, Berlin/Leipzig 1911, S. 13. Original artist: Unknown<a href='//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4233718'
title='wikidata:Q4233718'><img
alt='wikidata:Q4233718'
src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/
Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png' width='20' height='11' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/
thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png
1.5x,
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/
Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x' data-le-width='1050' data-le-height='590' /></a>
File:Quintilian,_Institutio_oratoria_ed._Burman_(Leiden_1720),_title_page.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
commons/7/70/Quintilian%2C_Institutio_oratoria_ed._Burman_%28Leiden_1720%29%2C_title_page.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Scanned by Aristeas (Roman Eisele). Book printed by Jo(h)ann de Vivie. Copper engraving by F.
Bleyswyk.

6.3

Content license

Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0