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Nov. 6, 2003 Thursday
Name
Department
SID
University Physics
Sample Problems for Midterm Examination
School of Intensive Instruction in Science and Arts, Nanjing University
Physical Constants
e = 1.60 10 19 C
0 = 8.85 10 12 F/m
0 = 4 10 7 N/A2
c = 3.00 10 8 m/s
me = 9.11 10 31 kg
m p = 1.67 10 27 kg
19
1eV= 1.60 10 J
Electron charge
Dielectric constant of free space
Permeability of free space
Vacuum speed of light
Electron mass
Proton mass
Electron volt (eV)
Select five out of following six problems.
1
r
exp( )
a0
a0
where a0 = 0.53 10 10 m is the Bohr radius. According to the principles of the Quantum Mechanics, the
probability density of the electron is (r ) 2 .
(a) Find the electric charge density of as a function of r (the distance from the nucleus).
(b) Determine the total electric charge within a sphere of radius a 0 .
(c) Obtain the electric field as the function of r .
Solution: (a) The electric charge density is
2r
e
2
( r ) = e ( r ) = 2 exp( ) .
a0
a 0
(The charge distribution of the nucleus is not included.)
(b)The total charge is contributed from charges of the nucleus(proton) and the electron.
a0
Qt = Q p + Qe = e + 4r 2 dr = e
0
4e 0 2 r a 0 2
e
r dr = (5e 2 )e
a 03 0
(c) Make a spherical gaussian surface of radius r. The total charge within the sphere is
Qt = e
r
r
4e 2 r a 0 2
r dr = e 2
e
3
a0 0
a0
r 2r
+ 2 + 1 e a0
a0
Qt
,
0
or
E (r ) =
2
2r
r a0
e 1 r
+
+
2
2
1
e
a
4 0 r 2 a0
0
2.(20pts) It is possible to accelerate neutral molecules with permanent dipole moments p using
spherical electrodes as shown in the figure. Lets assume that the molecule cannot rotate, that the
1
1 1
[3( p e r )e r p]
4 0 r 3
],
E1 =
1
p
3axe x ( 2a 2 x 2 )e z
4 0 ( x 2 + a 2 ) 5 2
E2 =
1
p
3axe x ( 2a 2 x 2 )e z
4 0 ( x 2 + a 2 ) 5 2
].
1
pQ
3axe x (2 a 2 x 2 )e z
4 0 ( x 2 + a 2 ) 5 2
1
pQ
F2 = QE 2 =
3axe x (2 a 2 x 2 )e z
4 0 ( x 2 + a 2 ) 5 2
F1 = QE1 =
and
],
respectively. By using Newtons 3rd law, the force exerted on the dipole by the electrodes is
F = ( F1 + F2 ) =
pQ
3ax
ex
2 0 ( x 2 + a 2 ) 5 2
Therefore, the work done in accelerating the dipole from a distance x to the midpoint between the
electrodes is (Please note here that the origin of the frame is changed from the position of the dipole
to the midpoint between the electrodes)
0
W = F ( x)dx =
pQ
3ax
2apQ 1
1
dx =
.
2 0 ( x2 + a 2 )5 2
0 a3 ( x2 + a 2 )3 2
3.(20pts) A particle of charge q and mass m moves between two parallel charged plates
separated a distance h . A uniform magnetic field is applied parallel to the plates and directed in
z direction. Initially the particle is at rest at the lower plate.
(a) Write the equation of motion of the particle.
(b) Show that at the distance y from the lower plate, the
x -component of the velocity of the particle is
q
v x = By
m
(c) Show that the particle cannot reach the upper plate if
E<
1 q 2
B h .
2m
m
0
t
dv x
dy
dt = qB dt
dt
dt
0
q
or mv x = qBy or v x = By .
m
Noting that the work done by the electric field to the particle is qEy , we have
mv 2
= qEy or
2
(c) From the result of (b), we have
q
v 2 = 2 Ey
m
2
q
q
v y2 = v 2 v x2 = 2 Ey B 2 y 2 .
m
m
2
One can see that the particle cannot go upwards further if 2 q Ey q B2 y 2 < 0 or E < 1 q B 2 y .
m
2m
1 q
Therefore, if E < B 2 h , the particle cannot reach the upper plate.
2m
= I R = R
d
dq
= m
dt
dt
d
dq
m
dt =
dt
0
dt
dt
or
Rq = m () + m (0) .
Noting that m ( ) = 0 , we have
a
Ia
1
1 0 I
q = m ( 0) =
rdr = 0 .
R
R 0 2r
2R
(c) The magnetic flux through the triangle at time t is
a
I a 1
I a x + vt
1
m (t ) = 0
dx vt
dx
xdx = 0
0 x + vt
2 0 x + vt
2 0 x + vt
.
Ia Ivt
= 0 0 (ln( a + vt ) ln( vt ) )
2
2
Then, the induced current at time t is
1 dm 0 Iv a + vt
vt
=
+
1 .
I =
ln
2R
R dt
vt
a + vt
Since the triangle moves with constant velocity, the electromagnetic force exerted on the triangle is
just equal and opposite to the outside force. Noting that the work done by the outside force provides
R 2 02 I 2 v a + vt
vt
I =
+
1 .
ln
2
v
vt
a + vt
4 R
2
F=
di q
+ = 0,
dt C
and the initial condition i (t = 0) = 0, q(t = 0) = C . Noting that i = dq dt the equation
L
d 2q 1
+ q = 0, or
dt 2 C
d 2q
1
+
q = 0.
2
LC
dt
q = q m cos(t + ) , =
1
.
LC
q = C cos(t ) , i = C sin(t ) .
UE =
C 2
1 q 2 C 2
1
=
cos 2 (t ) , U B = Li 2 =
sin 2 (t )
2 C
2
2
2
U t = U E + U B ==
C 2
2
E=
I
ez
r 2
I
B = 0 e
2r
S=
EB =
I2
I 2 l
I 2R
(
e
e
)
=
(
e
)
=
( e ) .
z
2r r 2
2rl r 2
2rl
One can see that the energy current flows into the surface of the wire.
(c) The rate of energy flows into the surface is
P = S 2rl = I 2 R .