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HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC SYSTEM

(LGD 20402)

TECHNICAL REPORT 1
PNEUMATICS SYSTEMS PNEUMATICS COMPONENTS & FUNCTIONS

Background
Pneumatic frameworks are widely utilized as a part of the computerization of generation
hardware and in the field of programmed controllers. Case in point, pneumatic circuits that
change over the vitality of packed air into mechanical vitality appreciate wide use different
sorts of pneumatic controllers are found in industry. Certain execution qualities, for example,
fuel utilization, dynamic reaction and yield firmness can be looked at for general sorts of
pneumatic actuators, for example, piston cylinder what's more, rotational sorts. An official
choice on the best sort and outline design for pneumatic actuator can be made just in
connection to the necessities of a specific application. The pneumatic actuator has frequently
been of the cylinder barrel sort on account of its ease and straightforwardness. The pneumatic
force is changed over to straight line responding and revolving movements by pneumatic
barrels and pneumatic engines.
Introduction
Extensively in industry are commonly powered by compressed air or compressed inert gases.
A centrally located and electrically powered compressor powers cylinders, air motors, and
other

pneumatic

devices.

A pneumatic

system

controlled

through

manual

or

automatic solenoid valves is selected when it provides a lower cost, more flexible, or safer
alternative to electric motors and actuators.

Advantages of pneumatic systems

High effectiveness
High durability and reliability
Simple design
High adaptability to harsh environment
Easy selection of speed and pressure
Limitations of pneumatic systems
Relatively low accuracy
Low loading
Processing required before use
Uneven moving speed
Noise

Practical task 1(a)

No
.

Picture

Description

Symbol/Series

Function

No

Double-acting

To perform

cylinder

work via
linear
motion.
152887

Moves in
both
direction

Single-acting

To perform

cylinder

work in
linear
motion.
152887

Moves only
in one
direction.
To perform

work in

Rod less

linear

Cylinder

motion.
Doesnt have
piston rod.
Directional

control

5/2 way valve

valve. To

pneumatically

control

actuated, one

pneumatic

side
539769

air flow
direction.

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Directional
5

control

5/2-way double

valve. To

pilot valve,

control

pneumatically

pneumatic

actuated, both

air flow

sides

direction.
538694

Directional
6

control

3/2-way

valve. To

pneumatic

control

valve,
pneumatically
actuated, one

5
39768

air flow
direction.

side

Directional
control

5/3-wayvalve,

valve. To

pneumatically

control

actuated, both
sides, normally
closed

pneumatic

5
4138

pneumatic
air flow
direction.

One way flow

To permit

control valve

adjustable
one way
fluid flow.

Practical task 1(b)

Pressure Gauge

To measure and
display line
pressure or
system pressure

10

Optical Display (red)

To view
pneumatic air
visually
152893

11

3/2-way valve with

push buttonactuator,

12

To provide
152860

actuation with a

normally closed

push of a button.

5/2 way valve with

To provide flow

selector switch

control in
152862

direction with 2
position based
on fixed
selection

13

Pressure regulator

To regulate

valve with gauge

pressure and
measure system
pressure
539756

14

Time-delay valve
normally closed

To provide
540694

actuation by
time delay.

To provide
15

3/2 way valve with

actuation of

mushroom-head

pneumatic air

emergency switch

16

152864

without

(red), normally closed

automatic return

Quick Exhaust Valve

To provide
immediate
exhaust

Practical Task 1(c)

Directional
control valve.
To control
17

3/2-way roller lever

pneumatic air

valve, normally

flow direction.

closed

152866
Directional
control valve.

3/2-way roller lever

18

valve with idle

return, normally

To control
152867

flow direction.

closed

19

pneumatic air

PneuaticPreset

To record

Counter

preset counter
152877

Air Manifold

To distribute

20

source
pnuematic air

Shuttle Valve

539771

To actuate on or
sequence

21

To distribute
Plastic Tube
22

pnuematic air
through the
system.

Start-up valve with

23

540691

filter control valve

To regulate and
control the
system pressure

Releasing Tools
24

Used in
releasing piping
from
componens.

Safety

Wear Personal Protective Equipment such as jacket and safety shoes.

Application of pneumatic system

Air brakes on buses and trucks

Air brakes on trains

Air compressors

Air engines for pneumatically powered vehicles

Cable jetting, a way to install cables in ducts

Dental drill

Compressed-air engine and compressed-air vehicles

Gas-operated reloading

Holman Projector, a pneumatic anti-aircraft weapon.

Practical Task: 2A
Single acting cylinder.

Results

Tabulation
In-put
Spring
Spring

Out-put
1
1

Item 1 is: 3/2-way valve with push button actuator (152860)

Item 2 is: Single-acting cylinder (152887)
Identify the valve ports.
Port 1: Source
Port 2: Working line
Port 3: Returned

Checklist
10

Single-acting cylinder (152887) - To perform work in linear motion. Moves only in

one direction.
3/2-way valve with push button actuator normally closed (152860) - To provide

actuation with a push of a button.

Plastic Tube -To distribute pnuematic air through the system.

Procedure

1.

Before started the task were given, we must ensure we're in safe conditions.

2.

Checked all the component in the check list.

Prepared the component that belonging to this task.

Plastic tubing was checked properly.

Turned on the air pressure.

Press Push button.

Recorded the data.

Turned off the air pressure.

Loosen the component and keep it in drawer

10

5s, clean the work station

11

Before end the task, repeat check component in the check list.

FINAL CIRCUIT PHOTOGRAPH

11

Observation
To test the single-acting cylinder, it solely uses the electrical switch and a singleacting cylinder. Its the foremost basic check of all tests. This check can show the movement
of the piston out once the electrical switch is ironed. Once bush button is free, the
piston can return into the cylinder. This can be thus as a result of, within the single-acting
cylinder, there's a spring that surrounds the piston. With this, the piston can return into the
cylinder.

12

Task: 2B
Simple double acting cylinder

Results

In-put
1
0
1

Out-put
0
1
1

Result
1
1
0

1. Build and operate the pneumatic circuit illustrated above.

2. Operate the system by push the buttons and identify the movement of cylinder.
Movement of cylinder is retract and another one is return.
3. Identify the cylinder used in the system illustrated above.
Double acting cylinder.

Checklist
13

Double-acting cylinder (152887)- To perform work via linear motion. Moves in both

direction
3/2-way valve with push button actuator normally closed (152860) - To provide

actuation with a push of a button.

Plastic Tube -To distribute pnuematic air through the system.

Procedure
1.

Before started the task were given, we must ensure we're in safe conditions.

2.

Checked all the component in the check list.

Prepared the component that belonging to this task.

Plastic tubing was checked properly.

Turned on the air pressure.

Press Push button.

Recorded the data.

Turned off the air pressure.

Loosen the component and keep it in drawer

10

5s, clean the work station

11

Before end the task, repeat check component in the check list.

FINAL CIRCUIT PHOTGRAPH

Task: 2C

14

5/2 DCV double acting cylinder

Objectives
1. To know the function of 5/2 way valve pneumatically actuated, one side.
2. To investigate the air flow coming out from exhaust when use 5/2 way valve
pneumatically actuated, one side.
Components
1. Plastic tubing
2. Double acting cylinder
3. 3/2- way valve with push button actuator, normally closed
4. 5/2 way valve pneumatically actuated, one side

Procedures

15

1.

Understood about structure of every components

2.

Check every component in the check list

3.

Prepared the required parts according to the list

4.

According to the circuit diagram, composed the system

5.

Plastic tubing was checked properly

6.

Turned ON the air pressure

7.

Hold and press the push button

8.

Recorded the data

9.

Turned OFF the air pressure

10.

Released the component from the training board and clean it

11.

Arranged and stored the component in the safe place

12.

Checked the component in the check list

FINAL CIRCUIT PHOTOGRAPH

Observation
1.

There 3 component in the circuit diagram which is double acting cylinder, 3/2
way valve with push button actuator and 5/2 way valve pneumatically actuated.

2.

When push and hold the button, the air from exhaust blowing out and the piston of
the double acting cylinder become extent

3.

When release the press button, the piston retracted and back to normal position.

TASK: 2D
16

5/2 Double acting cylinders.

2C

Objectives
3. To know the function of 5/2 way valve pneumatically actuated, one side.
4. To investigate the air flow coming out from exhaust when use 5/2 way valve
pneumatically actuated, one side.
5. To study the function of push button when retract and extend
Components
5. Plastic tubing
6. Double acting cylinder
7. 3/2- way valve with push button actuator, normally closed ( 2 component )
8. 5/2 way valve pneumatically actuated, one side

Procedures
17

13.

Understood about structure of every components

14.

Checked every component in the check list

15.

Prepared the required parts according to the list

16.

According to the circuit diagram, compose the system

17.

Plastic tubing was checked properly

18.

Turned ON the air pressure

19.

Pushed the button to extend the piston of double acting cylinder

20.

Pushed the button to retract the piston of double acting cylinder

21.

Turned OFF the air pressure

22.

Released the component from the training board and clean it

23.

Arranged and store the component in the safe place

24.

Checked the component in the check list

FINAL CIRCUIT PHOTOGRAPH

PORTS IDENTIFICATION

18

Port 1 source
Port 2 working line
Port 3 suction line (return)
Port 4 cylinder extend
Port 5 exhaust
Connection 12 retract cylinder
Connection 14 extend cylinder

Observation
4.

There 4 component in the circuit diagram which is double acting cylinder, 2 the
component of 3/2 way valve with push button actuator and 5/2 way valve
pneumatically actuated.

5.

2 push button connected to the inlet number 14 and 12.

6.

When push the button 2A the piston of double acting cylinder become extent and
the exhaust blowing out.

7.

The piston become retract when push the button 2B and the exhaust blowing out.

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatics
http://www.more-control.com/pneumatics
http://hydraulicspneumatics.com/applications

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