National Textile University

B.Sc. Textile Engineering

Textile Chemistry

LAB REPORT
TP-2031: Introduction to textile processing
Semester: 4th
Section: C
Group: 6(even)
Experiment No. 9
Title of the Experiment
To dye 100% polyester fabric with disperse dyes using exhaust method

Name
Registration Number
Asfandyar khan (08-NTU-100)
Umar farooq (09-NTU-128)
Yasir javed (09-NTU-130)
Junaid sadiq (09-NTU-106)

Date Experiment was conducted: 16th June, 2011

Date Report was submitted: 11th July, 2011

16th JUNE, 2011

TP-2031

To dye 100% polyester fabric with disperse dyes

Asfandyar, Umar, Yasir, Junaid

Abstract:
The fabric is dyed with disperse dyes using exhaust method of dyeing in pots. Disperse
dyes are insoluble in water and are applied from aqueous dispersion. The fabric is weighed,
added to dispersion made according to recipe and liquor ratio for 45 minutes at 100 degree
celcius.. Further it is placed in the solution of detergent and reducing agent, then cold
washed, dried and weighed. The carrier and high temperature swells the polyester fiber
and hence dye molecule can easily enter the fiber polymer system. Dispersing agent is used
to disperse and separate each dye molecule from each other and preventing them from
gathering at one place. The fabric swatch is dyed evenly with moderate dark shade.

16th JUNE, 2011

TP-2031

To dye 100% polyester fabric with disperse dyes

Asfandyar, Umar, Yasir, Junaid

Table of Contents
Abstract:............................................................................................................................................i
Table of Contents.............................................................................................................................ii
1. Introduction..............................................................................................................................1
1.1. Background...........................................................................................................................1
1.2. Objectives.............................................................................................................................1
1.3. Theory...................................................................................................................................1
2. Equipment and Materials..........................................................................................................1
3. Method......................................................................................................................................2
4. Results......................................................................................................................................2
5. Discussion................................................................................................................................2
6. Conclusions..............................................................................................................................2
7. References................................................................................................................................3
8. Appendix..................................................................................................................................3

ii

16th JUNE, 2011

TP-2031

To dye 100% polyester fabric with disperse dyes

Asfandyar, Umar, Yasir, Junaid

1.

Introduction

1.1. Background
Some fibres are dyed from aqueous dye solution and some from aqueous
dispersion. The disperse dyes are insoluble in water and due to this reason they are applied from
an aqueous dispersion. The fibres most readily dyed with disperse dyes are the manmade ester
cellulosic and synthetic fibres, especially the acetate fibres and polyester fibres, and less often
acrylic and nylon.
Basically, dyeing is the process of imparting colors to a textile material in loose fiber,
yarn, cloth or garment form by treatment with a dye. Dyeing has been used by humans to
decorate clothing.

1.2. Objectives
To learn the method of Disperse dyes on 100% polyester fabric by exhaust method.
To learn the function of various ingredients used in the disperse dyeing of polyester.

1.3. Theory
Although we know that disperse dyes are insoluble in water and they cannot be
applied from aqueous solution because they do not form solution when added to water. The
dispersion of dye can be prepared and various chemicals are added to it which assists the process
of dyeing. The insolubility of disperse dyes enables them to leave the dye liquor as they are
more substantive to the organic fibres than to relatively aqueous dye liquor. The application of
heat to the dye liquor increases the energy of dye molecules and accelerates the dyeing of textile
fibres.
Heating the dye liquor swells the fibre to some extent and assists the dye to penetrate the
fibre polymer system resulting in the dye being located in the amorphous regions of the fibres.
The dye molecules are held in the fibre polymer system by hydrogen bonds and wander Waals
forces. To achieve darker shades of polyester fibres carriers are used to swell the fibre and the
dye molecule to enter fibre polymer.

2.

Equipment and Materials

Polyester fabric
Disperse dye
Carriers
Acetic acid
Detergents
Dye bath
Beaker
Stirrer
Pipette
Graduated cylinder
Water
1

16th JUNE, 2011

TP-2031

To dye 100% polyester fabric with disperse dyes

Asfandyar, Umar, Yasir, Junaid

3.

Glass rod
Weighing balance
Calculator
Reducing agent

Method
a) The polyester fabric was weighed with the help of weighing balance.
b) Then dye liquor was prepared according to the recipe and liquor ratio 1:50.
Recipe
Disperse dye = 5 gm/litre
Carrier = 40 gm/litre
Acetic acid = 4-5 drops to maintain PH (5-5.5)
Water is also added according to the need.
c) Then the fabric was added to the beaker adjusted on the dye bath.
d) The temperature of the dye bath was adjusted at 100 degree celcius and the fabric is
allowed to dye for 45 minutes with continuous stirring.
e) Then fabric was taken out from the solution after the completion of time intervals and the
solution was drained.
f) Then detergent solution was prepared according to the following recipe.
Detergent solution
Detergent = 1 gm/litre
Reducing agent = 1 gm/litre
g) The fabric was allowed for 2-3 minutes at 80 degree celcius in this solution.
h) Then fabric is cold washed with fresh water for 2-3 minutes.
i) The fabric is dried in an oven and weighed.

4.

Results
Weight of polyester fabric = 0.95 grams
Amount of solution according to liquor ratio = 0.95 * 50 = 47.50 ml
Amount of dye = 5/1000 * 47.50 = 0.238 grams
Amount of carrier = 40/1000 * 47.50 = 1.90 grams
Amount of acetic acid = 4-5 drops (maintain PH 5-5.5)
Detergent = 1/1000 * 47.50 = 0.045 grams
Amount of reducing agent = 1/1000* 47.50 = 0.045 grams
Weight of fabric after dyeing = 0.98 grams
The fabric is dyed evenly with moderate shade.

5.

Discussion

The extremely crystalline nature of polyester fibres presented problems in obtaining dark shades
by conventional dyeing methods, even with the temperature of dye liquor at boil. Then it was
found that certain organic compounds assisted the disperse dyes to enter the polyester fibre
polymer enabling dark shades to be produced. The carriers are used to assist this process which
swells the fibres and dye molecule penetrate well in the fibre polymer system. The temperature
have also a great impact on the disperse dyeing; by increasing the temperature and amount of dye
we can achieve darker shades.
2

16th JUNE, 2011

TP-2031

To dye 100% polyester fabric with disperse dyes

Asfandyar, Umar, Yasir, Junaid

6.

Conclusions

The fabric is dyed evenly with moderate dark shade. A little change in weight
occurred which shows that dyeing is performed.
7.

Precautions
Weight the sample carefully.
Wash the fabric carefully.
Make sure that the sample should be completely dried.
Bring the weighing balance to zero before weighing the cloth.

8.

References

9.

Lecture of textile processing teacher in theory class.

Lecture of textile processing teacher in laboratory.
Textile science book 2nd edition.
Notes provided by textile processing teacher.

Appendix
Appendix A= Disperse dyed fabric is attached below.