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  • Purdue OWL - APA Formatting and Style Guide

    Diunggah oleh

    Camae Snyder Gangcuangco
    2K tayangan3 halaman
    This document provides guidelines for citing sources in APA style, including rules for citing authors, works with multiple authors, unknown authors, personal communications, indirect sources, and electronic sources. For works with two authors, include both names every time the work is cited. For works with three to five authors, include all names the first time and only the first author's name plus "et al." for subsequent citations. Use the title in place of the author for works with no author. Provide publication dates for all works except personal communications.

    Deskripsi Asli:

    APA2016 FORMAT

    Judul Asli

    Purdue OWL_ APA Formatting and Style Guide

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    This document provides guidelines for citing sources in APA style, including rules for citing authors, works with multiple authors, unknown authors, personal communications, indirect sources, and electronic sources. For works with two authors, include both names every time the work is cited. For works with three to five authors, include all names the first time and only the first author's name plus "et al." for subsequent citations. Use the title in place of the author for works with no author. Provide publication dates for all works except personal communications.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    2K tayangan3 halaman

    Purdue OWL - APA Formatting and Style Guide

    Diunggah oleh

    Camae Snyder Gangcuangco
    This document provides guidelines for citing sources in APA style, including rules for citing authors, works with multiple authors, unknown authors, personal communications, indirect sources, and electronic sources. For works with two authors, include both names every time the work is cited. For works with three to five authors, include all names the first time and only the first author's name plus "et al." for subsequent citations. Use the title in place of the author for works with no author. Provide publication dates for all works except personal communications.

    Hak Cipta:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 3

    12/10/2016

    PurdueOWL:APAFormattingandStyleGuide

    GeneralWritingResearchandCitationTeachingandTutoringSubjectSpecificWriting
    JobSearchWritingESL
    ThispageisbroughttoyoubytheOWLatPurdue(https://owl.english.purdue.edu/).Whenprintingthis
    page,youmustincludetheentirelegalnoticeatbottom.

    InTextCitations:Author/Authors
    Summary:
    APA(AmericanPsychologicalAssociation)styleismostcommonlyusedtocitesourceswithinthesocialsciences.Thisresource,
    revisedaccordingtothe6thedition,secondprintingoftheAPAmanual,offersexamplesforthegeneralformatofAPAresearch
    papers,intextcitations,endnotes/footnotes,andthereferencepage.Formoreinformation,pleaseconsultthePublicationManualof
    theAmericanPsychologicalAssociation,(6thed.,2ndprinting).
    Contributors:JoshuaM.Paiz,ElizabethAngeli,JodiWagner,ElenaLawrick,KristenMoore,MichaelAnderson,LarsSoderlund,
    AllenBrizee,RussellKeck
    LastEdited:2014120210:08:04
    APAstylehasaseriesofimportantrulesonusingauthornamesaspartoftheauthordatesystem.Thereareadditionalrulesfor
    citingindirectsources,electronicsources,andsourceswithoutpagenumbers.

    CitinganAuthororAuthors
    AWorkbyTwoAuthors:Namebothauthorsinthesignalphraseorintheparentheseseachtimeyoucitethework.Usetheword
    "and"betweentheauthors'nameswithinthetextandusetheampersandintheparentheses.
    ResearchbyWegenerandPetty(1994)supports...

    (Wegener&Petty,1994)

    AWorkbyThreetoFiveAuthors:Listalltheauthorsinthesignalphraseorinparenthesesthefirsttimeyoucitethesource.Use
    theword"and"betweentheauthors'nameswithinthetextandusetheampersandintheparentheses.
    (Kernis,Cornell,Sun,Berry,&Harlow,1993)

    Insubsequentcitations,onlyusethefirstauthor'slastnamefollowedby"etal."inthesignalphraseorinparentheses.
    (Kernisetal.,1993)

    Inetal.,etshouldnotbefollowedbya
    period.
    SixorMoreAuthors:Usethefirstauthor'snamefollowedbyetal.inthesignalphraseorinparentheses.
    https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/03/

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    12/10/2016

    PurdueOWL:APAFormattingandStyleGuide

    Harrisetal.(2001)argued...

    (Harrisetal.,2001)

    UnknownAuthor:Iftheworkdoesnothaveanauthor,citethesourcebyitstitleinthesignalphraseorusethefirstwordortwo
    intheparentheses.Titlesofbooksandreportsareitalicizedorunderlinedtitlesofarticles,chapters,andwebpagesareinquotation
    marks.
    Asimilarstudywasdoneofstudentslearningtoformatresearchpapers("UsingAPA,"
    2001).

    Note:Intherarecasethe"Anonymous"isusedfortheauthor,treatitastheauthor'sname(Anonymous,2001).Inthereference
    list,usethenameAnonymousastheauthor.
    OrganizationasanAuthor:Iftheauthorisanorganizationoragovernmentagency,mentiontheorganizationinthesignalphrase
    orintheparentheticalcitationthefirsttimeyoucitethesource.
    AccordingtotheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation(2000),...

    Iftheorganizationhasawellknownabbreviation,includetheabbreviationinbracketsthefirsttimethesourceiscitedandthenuse
    onlytheabbreviationinlatercitations.
    Firstcitation:(MothersAgainstDrunkDriving[MADD],2000)

    Secondcitation:(MADD,2000)

    TwoorMoreWorksintheSameParentheses:Whenyourparentheticalcitationincludestwoormoreworks,orderthemthe
    samewaytheyappearinthereferencelist(viz.,alphabetically),separatedbyasemicolon.
    (Berndt,2002Harlow,1983)

    AuthorsWiththeSameLastName:Topreventconfusion,usefirstinitialswiththelastnames.
    (E.Johnson,2001L.Johnson,1998)

    TwoorMoreWorksbytheSameAuthorintheSameYear:Ifyouhavetwosourcesbythesameauthorinthesameyear,use
    lowercaseletters(a,b,c)withtheyeartoordertheentriesinthereferencelist.Usethelowercaseletterswiththeyearintheintext
    citation.
    ResearchbyBerndt(1981a)illustratedthat...

    Introductions,Prefaces,Forewords,andAfterwords:WhencitinganIntroduction,Preface,Foreword,orAfterwordsintext,
    citetheappropriateauthorandyearasusual.
    (Funk&Kolln,1992)

    https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/03/

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    PurdueOWL:APAFormattingandStyleGuide

    PersonalCommunication:Forinterviews,letters,emails,andotherpersontopersoncommunication,citethecommunicator's
    name,thefactthatitwaspersonalcommunication,andthedateofthecommunication.Donotincludepersonalcommunicationin
    thereferencelist.
    (E.Robbins,personalcommunication,January4,2001).

    A.P.SmithalsoclaimedthatmanyofherstudentshaddifficultieswithAPAstyle
    (personalcommunication,November3,2002).

    CitingIndirectSources
    Ifyouuseasourcethatwascitedinanothersource,nametheoriginalsourceinyoursignalphrase.Listthesecondarysourcein
    yourreferencelistandincludethesecondarysourceintheparentheses.
    Johnsonarguedthat...(ascitedinSmith,2003,p.102).

    Note:Whencitingmaterialinparentheses,setoffthecitationwithacomma,asabove.Also,trytolocatetheoriginalmaterialand
    citetheoriginalsource.

    ElectronicSources
    Ifpossible,citeanelectronicdocumentthesameasanyotherdocumentbyusingtheauthordatestyle.
    Kenneth(2000)explained...

    UnknownAuthorandUnknownDate:Ifnoauthorordateisgiven,usethetitleinyoursignalphraseorthefirstwordortwo
    ofthetitleintheparenthesesandusetheabbreviation"n.d."(for"nodate").
    Anotherstudyofstudentsandresearchdecisionsdiscoveredthatstudentssucceeded
    withtutoring("TutoringandAPA,"n.d.).

    SourcesWithoutPageNumbers
    Whenanelectronicsourcelackspagenumbers,youshouldtrytoincludeinformationthatwillhelpreadersfindthepassagebeing
    cited.Whenanelectronicdocumenthasnumberedparagraphs,usetheabbreviation"para."followedbytheparagraphnumber(Hall,
    2001,para.5).Iftheparagraphsarenotnumberedandthedocumentincludesheadings,providetheappropriateheadingandspecify
    theparagraphunderthatheading.Notethatinsomeelectronicsources,likeWebpages,peoplecanusetheFindfunctionintheir
    browsertolocateanypassagesyoucite.
    AccordingtoSmith(1997),...(MindoverMattersection,para.6).

    Note:NeverusethepagenumbersofWebpagesyouprintoutdifferentcomputersprintWebpageswithdifferentpagination.

    https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/03/

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