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COMP 1160
Objectives:
slide 2
COMP 1160
Input
Signal
A/D
Source
Encoder
Channel
Encoder
Digital
Modulator
Channel
Output
Signal
D /A
Source
Decoder
Channel
Decoder
slide 3
Digital
Demodulator
COMP 1160
A/D
Convert analog signal to digital format
A / D conversion is achieved by using
the following three operations:
a) Sampling
b) Quantization
c) Encoding
a) Sampling
0 ------- 000
1 ------- 001
2 ------- 010
3 ------- 011
4 ------- 100
5 ------- 101
6 ------- 110
7 ------- 111
b) Quantization
c) Encoding
Advanced RF and Wireless Techniques
slide 4
COMP 1160
slide 5
COMP 1160
slide 6
COMP 1160
Modulator
Modulation is the process of converting the transmitted signal from
base band frequency to RF frequency.
The modulation techniques can be classified into two categories:
1. Analog Modulation
2. Digital Modulation
ASK
FSK
PSK
QAM
slide 7
COMP 1160
Communication Channels
Wireline Channels
Twisted-pair of wire lines (telephone lines)
Coaxial cable
Storage Channels
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COMP 1160
Frequency Spectrum
Where c is the speed of the light (3x108 m/sec) and is the wave length
Advanced RF and Wireless Techniques
slide 9
COMP 1160
Frequency Spectrum
slide 10
COMP 1160
Part II
Spectrum Analyzer
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COMP 1160
Outline
Overview:
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COMP 1160
Overview
What is Spectrum Analysis?
8563A
SPECTRUM ANALYZER
slide 13
COMP 1160
Overview
.
Modulation
Noise
Distortion
slide 14
COMP 1160
Overview
Frequency versus Time Domain
Amplitude
(power)
Time domain
Measurements
Advanced RF and Wireless Techniques
Frequency Domain
Measurements
slide 15
COMP 1160
Overview
Different Types of Analyzers
Fourier Analyzer
A
f1
Advanced RF and Wireless Techniques
f2
f
slide 16
COMP 1160
Overview
Different Types of Analyzers
Swept Analyzer
A
f1
Advanced RF and Wireless Techniques
f2
f
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COMP 1160
Theory of Operation
Spectrum Analyzer Block Diagram
RF input
attenuator
IF gain
IF filter
detector
mixer
Input
signal
Log
Amp
Pre-Selector
Or Low Pass
Filter
video
filter
local
oscillator
sweep
generator
Crystal
Reference
CRT display
slide 18
COMP 1160
Theory of Operation
MIXER
Mixer
f sig
input
f LO+ f sig
f LO- f sig
RF IF
LO
f sig
f LO
f LO
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COMP 1160
Theory of Operation
IF FILTER
IF Filter
Input
Spectrum
IF Bandwidth
(RBW)
Display
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COMP 1160
Theory of Operation
DETECTOR
Detector
amplitude
"bins
"
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COMP 1160
Theory of Operation
Video Filter
VIDEO
FILTER
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COMP 1160
Theory of Operation
Other Components
LO
SWEEP
GEN
RF INPUT
ATTENUATOR
frequency
LCD DISPLAY
IF GAIN
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COMP 1160
Theory of Operation
How it all works together
fs
0
Signal Range
f LO
f LO- f s
fs
3 (GHz)
mixer
LO Range
input
f LO+ f s
IF filter
fs 2
4
3.6
detector
6.5
3.6
f IF
sweep generator
LO
f LO
3
4
3.6
0
5
(GHz)
3 (GHz) f
LCD display
6.5
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COMP 1160
Theory of Operation
Front Panel Operation
Softkeys
Primary functions
(Frequency, Amplitude,
Span)
8563A
SPECTRUM ANALYZER
Control functions
(RBW, sweep
time, VBW)
RF Input
Advanced RF and Wireless Techniques
Numeric
keypad
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COMP 1160
Specifications
8563A
SPECTRUM ANALYZER
Frequency Range
Accuracy: Frequency & Amplitude
Resolution
Sensitivity
Distortion
Dynamic Range
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COMP 1160