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Copyright Notice
Copyright 2002 Fresnel Wireless Systems, Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Trademarks
AIM-34 and the Fresnel logo are trademarks of Fresnel Wireless Systems, Ltd.. All other
trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Disclaimer
The information presented in the manual is the property of Fresnel Wireless Systems, Ltd.. No
part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted without proper permission from Fresnel
Wireless Systems, Ltd..
The specifications and information contained in this document are subject to change without
notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Fresnel Wireless Systems, Ltd..
Fresnel assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies that may appear in
the user documentation.
Contact Information
For products that were purchased through a distributor or reseller, the distributor or reseller is the
first point of contact for technical support or repair services.
For products purchased directly from Fresnel the following information can be used to contact
technical support personnel:
Postal Address:
Fresnel Wireless Systems, Ltd.
70 Saint Johns Close
Knowle
Solihull
West Midlands
B93 0NN
United Kingdom
E-mail:
helpdesk@fresnel.com
World Wide Web:
www.fresnel.com
Telephone (24/7 support):
+44 (0)1564 206080
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Fax:
+ 44 (0) 1564 206089
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Table of Contents
Paragraph
Page Number
1
Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1
1.1
How to Use This Manual ........................................................................................ 1
1.2
Safety....................................................................................................................... 2
1.2.1
Notes, Cautions & Warnings............................................................................... 2
1.2.2
Radio Frequency Energy Exposure Guidelines .................................................. 3
1.2.3
Additional Safety Information ............................................................................ 6
2
Product Overview...................................................................................................... 8
2.1
AIM-34 System Overview ...................................................................................... 8
2.2
Product Applications ............................................................................................... 8
2.3
System Functional Description ............................................................................... 9
2.3.1
IDU Overview ................................................................................................... 10
2.3.2
User Interface Board (UIB) Overview .............................................................. 10
2.3.3
ODU Overview ................................................................................................. 11
2.3.4
Antenna Overview............................................................................................. 12
2.3.5
System Diagram ................................................................................................ 12
3
Pre-Installation ........................................................................................................ 14
3.1
Path Analysis......................................................................................................... 14
3.2
Site Survey ............................................................................................................ 14
3.3
Antenna Mount Recommendations....................................................................... 15
3.4
Antenna Wind Loading Specifications ................................................................. 16
4
Installation ............................................................................................................... 17
4.1
Installation Tools................................................................................................... 17
4.2
Unpacking and Inventory...................................................................................... 17
4.3
Installation Kit Parts List....................................................................................... 18
4.4
IDU Equipment Labels.......................................................................................... 19
4.5
Outdoor Unit (ODU) Equipment Labels............................................................... 19
4.5.1
ODU Part Number Descriptions ....................................................................... 20
5
Inter Facility Link (IFL) Cable Installation & Termination (Phase 1).............. 22
5.1
Installing the IFL Cable......................................................................................... 22
5.2
Terminating the IFL Cable.................................................................................... 23
6
IDU & UIB Installation (Phase 2).......................................................................... 25
6.1
IDU Front Panel Layout........................................................................................ 25
6.2
Flash Memory Installation/Removal..................................................................... 25
6.3
Indoor Unit (IDU) Rack Mounting Installation Steps........................................... 27
6.4
Connecting the IFL Cable to the IDU ................................................................... 28
6.5
UIB Installation Instructions ................................................................................. 29
6.6
DC Power Connector Termination........................................................................ 31
6.6.1
Direct Current (DC) Connector Parts................................................................ 31
6.6.2
DC Connector Installation Steps ....................................................................... 32
7
Antenna Installation (Phase 3) ............................................................................... 34
8
ODU Installation (Phase 4)..................................................................................... 35
8.1
Polarization Considerations................................................................................... 35
8.2
Attaching the ODU to the Antenna ....................................................................... 37
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8.3
Connecting the IFL Cable to the ODU.................................................................. 37
8.4
Grounding the ODU .............................................................................................. 39
9 Initial Configuration (Phase 5)............................................................................... 40
9.1
Connecting to the Console Port............................................................................. 41
9.2
Minimum Configuration Required to Establish a Radio Link .............................. 43
10 Antenna Alignment (Phase 6) ................................................................................ 53
10.1 Calculating Expected Receive Signal Level (RSL) .............................................. 53
10.1.1 Free Space Loss Formula .................................................................................. 53
10.1.2 Receive Signal Level Calculation Formula....................................................... 54
10.2 Expected AGC Reading ........................................................................................ 54
10.3 Antenna Radiation Patterns................................................................................... 55
10.4 Alignment Procedure............................................................................................. 56
11 Redundancy System Overview............................................................................... 58
11.1 Redundancy System Requirements....................................................................... 59
11.2 Terminology .......................................................................................................... 59
11.3 Switchover Logic .................................................................................................. 59
11.3.1
Single Carrier Operation ................................................................................... 59
11.3.2 Dual Carrier Operation...................................................................................... 60
11.3.3
Hitless Switching............................................................................................... 61
11.4 Redundant Interface Unit (RIU)............................................................................ 62
11.5 Orderwire Interface Boards (OIBs)....................................................................... 62
11.6 Redundant Interface Boards (RIBs) ...................................................................... 64
11.7 Antenna Options.................................................................................................... 64
11.7.1 Dual Antenna Option for (1+1) End Point ........................................................ 64
11.7.2 Single Antenna Option for (1+1) End Point ..................................................... 64
12 Redundancy Equipment Installation..................................................................... 66
12.1 Outdoor Equipment Installation............................................................................ 66
12.1.1 1+1 Dual Antenna (Space, Frequency, and Polarization Diversity) ................. 66
12.1.2 1+1 Component Coupler, Flex w/g and Remote Mount ODUs........................ 67
12.2 Indoor Equipment Installation............................................................................... 69
12.2.1 Redundant Interface Unit (RIU) Rack Setup .................................................... 69
12.2.2 RIU Cabling Connection Overview .................................................................. 70
12.2.3 Cable Connection Procedure............................................................................. 72
12.3 Redundancy Link Configuration........................................................................... 75
12.3.1 Configuring the IDU for Redundancy............................................................... 76
Status Parameters .............................................................................................................. 77
12.3.2 Configuring the IDU for Redundancy Using the CMI...................................... 78
12.4 Management Connectivity in Redundant Links.................................................... 80
12.4.1 Redundant Link IP Configuration Examples .................................................... 81
12.5 Redundancy Reference Material ........................................................................... 82
12.5.1
SNMP MIB Variables ....................................................................................... 82
12.5.2
RIU Technical Specifications............................................................................ 83
13 Using the Console Menu Interface (CMI)............................................................. 84
13.1 Connecting to the CMI Interface........................................................................... 84
13.1.1
RS-232 Console Connection ............................................................................. 84
13.1.2 Telnet................................................................................................................. 84
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13.1.3
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) ........................................................................... 84
13.2 CMI Menu Navigation .......................................................................................... 84
13.2.1 Menu Navigation Using the Keyboard.............................................................. 84
13.2.2 Window Options Used for Menu Navigation ................................................... 85
13.2.3 Changing Parameters......................................................................................... 86
13.2.4 Using the [Toggle Title] Feature....................................................................... 86
13.3 Connecting to the Remote Radio .......................................................................... 87
14 Management Interface Configuration and Pin Outs ........................................... 88
14.1 Ethernet Management Interface (ENET) Configuration & Pin Outs.................... 89
14.1.1 Management Ethernet Interface Configuration Window Description .............. 89
14.1.2
Initial Port Configuration .................................................................................. 91
14.1.3
Ethernet Management Port Pin Outs................................................................. 92
14.2 Routing Setup........................................................................................................ 93
14.2.1 Adding Routes to the Management Interface.................................................... 93
14.2.2 Viewing Management Interface Routes............................................................ 94
14.2.3 Deleting Routes from the Management Interface ............................................. 95
14.3 Enabling and Disabling RIP Updates on the Ethernet Management Interface ..... 96
14.4 Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) Port Configuration & Pin Outs ............................. 97
15 Detailed UIB Overview and Configuration Information..................................... 99
15.1 Initial UIB Configuration Procedures ................................................................... 99
15.1.1 Desired Configuration Procedure...................................................................... 99
15.2 4xE1, 120 UIB .................................................................................................. 101
15.3 4xE1, 75 UIB ................................................................................................... 101
15.4 E3, 75 UIB ........................................................................................................ 102
15.5 E2, 75 UIB ........................................................................................................ 102
15.6 10/100BT Ethernet Bridge UIB Overview.......................................................... 103
15.6.1
10/100BT Bridge UIB LED Descriptions and Interface Pin Outs .................. 103
15.6.2 Interface Cabling Requirements...................................................................... 104
15.6.3
Detailed 10/100BT UIB Configuration........................................................... 104
16 User Account Administration .............................................................................. 107
16.1 Security Access Levels........................................................................................ 107
16.2 Factory Default User Name and Password ......................................................... 107
16.3 Changing Passwords ........................................................................................... 108
16.4 Viewing the User Database ................................................................................. 108
16.5 Adding New User Names and Passwords ........................................................... 108
16.6 Removing User Accounts.................................................................................... 109
17 SNMP Configuration ............................................................................................ 110
17.1 SNMP Setup........................................................................................................ 110
17.2 Viewing SNMP Manager Configurations ........................................................... 112
17.3 Adding SNMP Manager Configurations............................................................. 112
17.4 Delete SNMP Manager ....................................................................................... 113
18 System Reboot Options......................................................................................... 115
19 Using the Alarm & Digital IN Ports .................................................................... 116
19.1 Alarm Interface Port Description and Pin Outs .................................................. 116
19.2 Digital IN Port Description and Pin Outs ........................................................... 117
19.3 Controlling Alarm Out Relays and Viewing the Digital IN Status..................... 117
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List of Figures
Figure
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
Figure 13.
Figure 14.
Figure 15.
Figure 16.
Figure 17.
Figure 18.
Figure 19.
Figure 20.
Figure 21.
Figure 22.
Figure 23.
Figure 24.
Figure 25.
Figure 26.
Figure 27.
Figure 28.
Figure 29.
Figure 30.
Figure 31.
Figure 32.
Figure 33.
Figure 34.
Figure 35.
Figure 36.
Figure 37.
Figure 38.
Figure 39.
Figure 40.
Figure 41.
Figure 42.
Figure 43.
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AIM-34 System Block Diagram.................................................................. 13
Mounting Structures.................................................................................... 16
Indoor Unit (IDU) Label ............................................................................. 19
Outdoor Unit (ODU) Label Description .................................................... 20
Type-N Crimp Tool...................................................................................... 23
IDU Front Panel Layout.............................................................................. 25
Flash Memory Card Installation ................................................................ 26
IFL to IDU Connection................................................................................ 28
DC Connector Parts..................................................................................... 31
Descriptive ODU Diagram .......................................................................... 35
ODU Polarization Options .......................................................................... 36
IFL Connection to ODU .............................................................................. 38
ODU Coax-Seal ............................................................................................ 39
Main menu Window .................................................................................... 43
System Configuration Window................................................................... 44
UIB Desired Configuration Window.......................................................... 44
UIB Tributary Desired Configuration ....................................................... 46
E1 UIB Tributary Desired Configuration ................................................. 47
Radio Link Desired Configuration............................................................. 48
Radio Link Active Parameters ................................................................... 49
Radio Link Active Configuration Window ............................................... 50
UIB Active Configuration Window............................................................ 51
UIB Active Tributary Configuration Window.......................................... 51
E1 UIB Tributary Active Configuration Window .................................... 52
RSL vs. Alignment Voltage Reference Chart............................................ 55
Lobes Propagated From a Directional Parabolic Antenna...................... 55
Redundancy Link Switching System Block Diagram, Single Carrier .... 60
Redundancy Link Switching System Block Diagram, Dual Carrier ...... 60
Hitless Switching .......................................................................................... 61
Redundant Interface Unit (RIU) with RIBs and OIB .............................. 62
OIB Three-Position Switch ......................................................................... 63
Typical Dual Antenna Outdoor Configuration......................................... 67
Front and Back Side View of a Waveguide Component 1+1 Coupler.... 68
Outdoor 1+1 Coupler Installation (Typical for 13-40 GHz) .................... 68
Single RIU Rack Installation (3RU)........................................................... 69
Dual RIU Rack Installation (4RU) ............................................................. 69
Typical Redundancy Interface Board (RIB) layout ................................. 70
IDU A (Top) Block Cabling Plan for 16 E1............................................... 72
IDU B (Bottom) Block Cabling Plan for 16 E1 ......................................... 73
OIB Jumper Diagram.................................................................................. 73
Protection Link Cables ................................................................................ 74
Connection of the Protection Link Cables................................................. 74
Y Cable Connection ..................................................................................... 75
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Figure 44.
Figure 45.
Figure 46.
Figure 47.
Figure 48.
Figure 49.
Figure 50.
Figure 51.
Figure 52.
Figure 53.
Figure 54.
Figure 55.
Figure 56.
Figure 57.
Figure 58.
Figure 59.
Figure 60.
Figure 61.
Figure 62.
Figure 63.
Figure 64.
Figure 65.
Figure 66.
Figure 67.
Figure 68.
Figure 69.
Figure 70.
Figure 71.
Figure 72.
Figure 73.
Figure 74.
Figure 75.
Figure 76.
Figure 77.
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List of Tables
Table
Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Table 4.
Table 5.
Table 6.
Table 7.
Table 8.
Table 9.
Table 10.
Table 11.
Table 12.
Table 13.
Table 14.
Table 15.
Table 16.
Table 17.
Table 18.
Table 19.
Table 20.
Table 21.
Table 22.
Table 23.
Table 24.
Table 25.
Table 26.
Table 27.
Table 28.
Table 29.
Table 30.
Table 31.
Table 32.
Table 33.
Table 34.
Table 35.
Table 36.
Table 37.
Table 38.
Table 39.
Table 40.
Table 41.
Table 42.
Page Number
Symbols and Descriptions............................................................................... 3
Minimum Safe Distance (General/Non-Controlled Population Exposure) 5
Minimum Safe Distance (Occupational/Controlled Population Exposure)5
UIB Options ................................................................................................... 10
Aggregate UIB Data Rates............................................................................ 11
Maximum Capacity of Universal Interface Board (UIB) Configurations 12
Reliability Outage Time Chart..................................................................... 14
Installation Tools ........................................................................................... 17
Link Inventory ............................................................................................... 18
Indoor Unit (IDU) Installation Kit............................................................... 18
ODU Part Numbering Description .............................................................. 21
Recommended Cable/Connector Type for UIB Connection ..................... 30
DC Connector Parts Description ................................................................. 31
Console Port Adapter Pin Outs.................................................................... 41
Redundancy System Requirements ............................................................. 59
Redundancy Terminology ............................................................................ 59
OIB Switch and LED Indication Descriptions............................................ 64
ODU/Antenna Redundancy Hardware/Performance Summary .............. 65
Summary of RIBs/OIBs with Associated Cables........................................ 71
ENET Management Port Pin Outs .............................................................. 92
PPP Port Pinouts ........................................................................................... 98
4xE1, 120
UIB Pin Out............................................................................. 101
4xE1, 75
UIB Pin Outs ............................................................................. 101
E3, 75
UIB Pin Outs and Signal Description ......................................... 102
E2, 75
UIB Pin Outs and Signal Description ......................................... 102
10/100BT Bridge UIB Example Configurations vs. Throughput............ 103
10/100BT UIB LED Description and Pin Outs ......................................... 104
Alarm Out Port Pin Outs............................................................................ 116
Digital IN Port Pin Outs ............................................................................. 117
Synchronous Order Wire (SOW) (RJ-45) Pin Outs................................. 119
Asynchronous Order Wire (ASOW) (RJ-11) Pin Outs............................ 119
Voice Order Wire (VOW) Pin Outs........................................................... 120
LED Indications, Status and Fault Causes ............................................... 132
Loopbacks and Descriptions....................................................................... 136
Commissioning Checklist............................................................................ 142
7 GHz ODU Configurations ....................................................................... 144
8 GHz ODU Configurations ....................................................................... 145
13 GHz ODU Configurations ..................................................................... 145
15 GHz ODU Configurations ..................................................................... 146
17 GHz ODU Configurations ..................................................................... 147
18 GHz ODU Configurations ..................................................................... 147
23 GHz ODU Configurations ..................................................................... 148
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1 INTRODUCTION
This section outlines the layout of this manual and provides a summary of each section contained
in this manual. Also, included in this section is a description of the various symbols used in this
manual for providing additional notes, cautions, and safety warnings.
It is recommended that individuals installing the Adaptive Integrated Multi-rate (AIM-34)
product read the manual in its entirety prior to the actual installation of an AIM-34 radio
terminal. The following text provides safety precautions that must be followed when installing,
operating and servicing the equipment.
1.1
There are several sections in this manual, each discussing a specific aspect of the installation,
operations, and maintenance of the AIM-34 product. The following list provides a brief
description of the various sections contained in this manual:
Section 1: Introduction
Section 1 contains information pertaining to the layout and use of this document, along
with safety information and symbols used within this manual.
Section 2: Product Overview
Section 2 provides a general description of the AIM-34 family of products, and a detailed
overview of the AIM-34 product. Product applications, system descriptions, and system
diagrams are also included.
Section 3: Pre-installation
Pre-installation topics are outlined in this section. Major topics include path analysis, site
survey recommendations, and antenna mounting options.
Section 4: Installation
The installation of the AIM-34 product is detailed in this section. The installation is
broken down into 6 phases. Each phase outlines the installation of a major portion of the
AIM-34 system.
Section 5: Interfacility Link (IFL) Cable Installation and Termination (Phase 1)
All aspects of installing the IFL coaxial cable between the IDU and ODU are outlined in
this section. Connector termination procedures are also detailed in this section.
Section 6: IDU and UIB Installation (Phase 2)
The installation of the IDU and UIB hardware is detailed in this phase of the installation
process. Termination of the DC power connector is outlined in this section.
Section 7: Antenna Installation (Phase 3)
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Safety
The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of installation,
operation, service and repair of the equipment. Failure to comply with these precautions or with
specific warnings elsewhere in this manual may violate safety standards of design, manufacture,
and intended use of the equipment.
1.2.1
Various sections of this manual contain symbols that provide additional information that pertains
to helpful hints, safety cautions and warnings. When a symbol appears in the manual it will be
followed by important information pertaining to the section it appears in. Table 1 displays the
symbols used in this manual along with a description of each symbol type.
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Table 1.
Symbol
Description
Represents additional information, such as tips and hints, pertaining to
the section it appears in.
This symbol is used to provide information that can prevent the damage
of equipment or property.
This symbol provides information when the performing of a certain
action can result in injury to the installation personnel.
1.2.2
This section provides information related to the risk associated with exposure to RF energy
sources. The minimum safe operating distance from the center of the radiating antenna of an
AIM-34 radio terminal, required to meet the standardized safety guidelines, are also detailed in
this section.
The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) as well as the
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) have established protection guidelines based on
the interaction of RF radiation with the human body (ICNIRP, 1998)1 (ANSI C95.1-1991)2.
These guidelines incorporate limits for Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) in terms of
electric and magnetic field strength and power density for transmitters operating at frequencies
between 300 KHz and 300 GHz. These limits are derived from exposure criteria quantified in
terms of the specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4 W/kg as averaged over the entire mass of body.
MPE limits are defined in terms of power density (units of milliwatts per centimeter squared:
mW/cm2).
These guidelines and limits incorporate two separate types of exposure criteria that are
dependent on the situation in which exposure occurs, and the status of the individuals who may
be subjected to the exposure. The decision of which type applies in any given situation must be
based on the application of the following definitions:
Occupational/Controlled Exposure These limits apply to situations in which people are
exposed as a consequence of their employment, provided those persons are fully aware of the
potential for exposure and can exercise control over their exposure. In the frequency range of 2
to 300 GHz, this limit is 50 W/m2 (5 mW/cm2).
General Population/Uncontrolled Exposure These limits apply to situations in which the
general public may be exposed, or in which persons are exposed as a consequence of their
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employment may not be fully aware of the potential for exposure or cannot exercise control over
their exposure. In the frequency range of 2 to 300 GHz, this limit is 10 W/m2 (1 mW/cm2).
Consider the AIM-34 radio utilizes aperture antennas. These antennas usually have parabolic
surfaces and many circular cross sections. They are characterized by their high gain, which
results in a well defined focused beam. As a result the likelihood of significant exposure at the
sides and back of the antenna are considerably less than at the front of the dish.
Power density (S)3 directly in front of the antenna can be approximated by knowing the power
level, (expressed in terms of milliwatts), and the antenna surface area (expressed in cm2). For
example a 23 GHz radio operating at +23 dBm, directly mounted to the back of a 30 cm antenna
would have a power density at the antenna surface of 1.13 mW/cm2:
Ssurface = 4P/A
Where:
P = Power Out (+23 dBm or 200 mW)
A = D2 = 707 cm2
However, as one moves away from directly in front of the antenna, the gain of the antenna must
be factored in to the prediction method. Calculations are made to predict RF field strength in the
far-field region. The equation below will over-predict power density in the near-field, where it
could be used to make a worst-case or conservative prediction3. For example, considering the
same 23 GHz radio configuration as above with a distance away from the antenna of 7 feet,
yields a power density of 0.91 mW/cm2.
S = PG/4R2
Where:
P = Power Out (+23 dBm or 200 mW)
G = Power Gain factor of antenna (34.2 dBi or 2607)
R = Distance to center of antenna (7 ft or 213.36 cm)
These calculations assume no reflections off a surface. At roof top locations, the main beam may
be directed in parallel along the surface of the roof, and as such these reflected waves may
contribute to exposure. Therefore a reflection factor of 1.62 (2.56) should be factored into the
equation above in these circumstances. Hence in the previous example, a power density level of
2.33 mW/cm2 is predicted when standing 7 feet in front of a rooftop mounted antenna.
Fresnel supplies AIM-34 radios in the frequency bands of 7, 8, 13, 15, 17, 18, 23, 26, and 38
GHz. Table 2 and Table 3 provide the minimum distance persons should maintain between
themselves and the radiating element located in the center of the antenna, in order to comply
with the controlled exposure and un-controlled exposure limits. The values in these tables also
consider the reflection factor, giving the worst-case power density for a given configuration. This
information is provided for each ODU frequency band when operating at its maximum power
and details the distance limits when these ODUs are used with specific antenna sizes.
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Table 2.
Antenna Diameter
15cm
30 cm
60 cm
90 cm
120 cm
180 cm
240 cm
N/A
N/A
2.8 m
4.2 m
5.6 m
8.4 m
11.2 m
N/A
N/A
2.9 m
4.4 m
5.8 m
8.8. m
11.7 m
N/A
N/A
5.2 m
7.8 m
10.4 m
15.6 m
20.8 m
N/A
1.7 m
3.4 m
5.1 m
6.7 m
10.1 m
13.5 m
N/A
3.0 m
6.0 m
9.0 m
12.0 m
18.0 m
24.0 m
N/A
2.4 m
4.8 m
7.2 m
9.6 m
14.4 m
N/A
N/A
2.0 m
4.0 m
6.1 m
8.1 m
12.1 m
N/A
N/A
3.3 m
6.5 m
9.8 m
13.0 m
19.5 m
N/A
N/A
3.7 m
7.4 m
11.0 m
14.7 m
N/A
N/A
1.7 m
3.4 m
6.8 m
10.2 m
N/A
N/A
N/A
Table 3.
Antenna Diameter
15cm
30 cm
60 cm
90 cm
120 cm
180 cm
240 cm
N/A
N/A
1.3 m
1.9 m
2.5 m
3.8 m
5.0 m
N/A
N/A
1.3 m
2.0 m
2.6 m
3.9 m
5.2 m
N/A
N/A
2.3 m
3.5 m
4.6 m
7.0 m
9.3 m
N/A
0.8 m
1.5 m
2.3 m
3.0 m
4.5 m
6.0 m
N/A
1.3 m
2.7 m
4.0 m
5.4 m
8.0 m
10.7 m
N/A
1.1 m
2.2 m
3.2 m
4.3 m
6.5 m
N/A
N/A
0.9 m
1.8 m
2.7 m
3.6 m
5.4 m
N/A
N/A
1.5 m
2.9 m
4.4 m
5.8 m
8.7 m
N/A
N/A
1.6 m
3.3 m
4.9 m
6.6 m
N/A
N/A
0.8 m
1.5 m
3.0 m
4.6 m
N/A
N/A
N/A
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1) ICNIRP, 1998
2) ANSI C95.1-1991
3) OET Bulletin 65
1.2.3
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2 PRODUCT OVERVIEW
The following subsections provide descriptive overviews of the AIM-34 Indoor Unit (IDU),
Outdoor Unit (ODU), Universal Interface Boards (UIBs) and antenna. A system block diagram
is also provided.
2.1
The AIM-34 is a fixed wireless point-to-point system that consists of two radio terminals in a
line-of-sight (LOS) configuration. The operating frequency band, data rate, antenna size, and
desired link availability determine the maximum distance between two AIM-34 radio terminals.
As a member of Fresnels AIM-34 family of radios, the AIM-34 system provides the greatest
flexibility of data interfaces on the market. Start off with one 4E1, 1E2 or 10BaseT Ethernet
connection. Upgrades in capacity to 16E1, 4E2, 4 10BaseT or 1E3 are performed by the
insertion of additional UIBs. The ability to fit any combination of UIBs up to a total capacity of
34Mb/s is readily achievable with the AIM-34 radio system, and provides a level of flexibility
unparalleled by existing equipment.
Operation and configuration of the AIM-34 can be performed through the Console Menu
Interface (CMI), which is accessible through the RS-232 console port using any VT100 terminal
emulator or by establishing a Telnet session to the IP address assigned to the Ethernet
Management port. Alternatively the user can also configure the equipment using Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP). The AIM-34 contains an embedded SNMP agent,
compatible with platforms such as HP OpenView and SNMPc.
The AIM-34 family of radios is designed to meet the requirements of demanding operators who
wish to provide evolving connectivity quickly without recurring investments in infrastructure
equipment.
2.2
Product Applications
Todays carriers, service providers, and enterprise users are continually looking for ways to
increase capacity, while containing network costs. Until now, they were required to procure and
install new equipment as bandwidth demands increased. The demand for point-to-point (P-P)
microwave and millimeter wave radio has increased rapidly over the past few years.
Some of the targeted applications for Fresnels AIM-34 fixed wireless system include:
Base Station interconnect for mobile, cellular, PCS, GSM, 2G,
Mobile Networks
2.5G, and 3G networks
Enterprise Networks Corporate, industrial or educational campus network extensions
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Metro Networks
High capacity, dedicated access or backhaul for self-healing ring,
point-to-multipoint, or mesh network architectures
Extension of voice and data networks for monitoring remote
Utility Networks
operating sites and service locations
2.3
The AIM-34 radio accepts user data from one or more tributaries, combines the data into a single
high speed data stream, modulates and encodes the data, then transmits the data to the far end.
On the receive side, the AIM-34 unit accepts a microwave radio signal from the far end,
demodulates and decodes the signal into a high speed data stream, then demultiplexes the stream
into individual tributary data streams. Each end of the link consists of one complete radio
terminal. A terminal consists of an IDU and ODU connected via an Inter facility link (IFL)
coaxial cable, a parabolic antenna, and up to four UIBs. The following list defines key features
of the AIM-34:
4FSK modulation scheme with Reed-Solomon (RS) error correction coding for
improved receiver performance.
Quick and easily accessible programming of link settings, and access of main
diagnostics by IP-Telnet, Asynchronous Terminal, or SNMP.
A single coaxial cable connection between IDU and ODU with a maximum
separation of 300m using an RG8/U type of cable.
Capability for 1+1 redundancy and hitless receive diversity switching with support
for frequency, space, and hardware diversity.
Removable flash memory card to provide rapid firmware and configuration upgrades.
Digital Cross Connect of like tributary interfaces is provided. For instance the
mapping of any near end E1 port can be mapped to a different physical E1 port at the
far end. This feature can be controlled locally or remotely by accessing the radio
terminal using the CMI or via SNMP. Additional tributaries can be brought into
service, and systems reconfigured without the need to attend the site.
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UIB Options
UIB Descriptions
Picture
4 x E1 120 Ohm
4 x E1 75 Ohm
1 x E2
1 x E3
1 x 10/100BaseT
The UIB selections for each system can be configured using several combinations, as long as
they meet the following criteria:
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The total data rate of all UIBs cannot be less than 8 Mbps and must not exceed 34
Mbps.
There are four UIB slots available in the IDU chassis, so the number of physical UIB
cards cannot exceed four.
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For every UIB that is configured and enabled on the local radio terminal IDU there
must be a UIB of the same type configured and enabled on the remote radio terminal
IDU.
To determine the aggregate data rate of the configured UIBs add the individual data rate of each
UIB together. The data rate of each UIB is listed in Table 5 below:
Table 5. Aggregate UIB Data Rates
UIB Descriptions
Data Rate
4 x E1 120 Ohm
8.192 Mbps
4 x E1 75 Ohm
8.192 Mbps
1 x E2
8.448 Mbps
1 x E3
34.368 Mbps
1 x 10/100BaseT
8.448 Mbps
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Channel Bandwidth
4E1/1E2/1x10BT
7 MHz
8E1/2E2/2x10BT
14 MHz
12E1/3E2/3x10BT
28 MHz
16E1/1E34xE2/4x10BT
28 MHz
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Figure 1.
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3 PRE-INSTALLATION
This section outlines the necessary steps that must be performed prior to the installation of the
AIM-34 radio link.
3.1
Path Analysis
A path analysis is used to determine what link parameters will be required in order to meet
specified performance criteria. Parameters such as transmitter powers, antenna sizes, and
transmitter channels are determined by the path analysis. The performance criteria are expressed
as % reliability, which is the percentage of time that the performance exceeds the minimum
requirement. Table 7 below shows various reliabilities and the corresponding amounts of outage
time.
Table 7.
Reliability
(%)
Outage Time
Per Year
Per Month
(avg.)
Per Day
(avg.)
99.0
88 hrs
7 hrs
14 min
99.9
8.8 hrs
43 min
1.4 min
99.99
53 min
4.3 min
88.6 sec
99.999
5.3 min
26 sec
.86 s
100.000
Under normal conditions the link will be designed for availabilities between 99.9% (three nines)
and 99.999% (five nines), depending on specific application requirements.
A trained transmission engineer who uses software specifically designed for analyzing radio
transmission paths normally performs this process. The results of the path analysis come in the
form of a link budget. The link budget should be made available throughout the installation
process, and is commonly posted at the site upon installation completion.
3.2
Site Survey
The site survey is performed prior to the installation process and helps establish the required site
modifications, IDU and ODU mounting locations, IFL cable length and various other items that
will make the installation process go easier.
Listed below are several of the common items that should be looked at during the site survey
process:
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3.3
Is the appropriate amount of rack space available for mounting the IDU (1RU
1.75/44mm) for each IDU being installed)?
Is there an existing path for the IFL coaxial cable to be run? If not, what site
modifications need to be made in order to install the IFL?
Will roof penetration be required in order to install the IFL?
What type of pole mount can be utilized for the antenna installation i.e., wall
mount, non-penetrating roof mount, pole mount, tower mount etc.?
Is there line of site between each location? (This step may have been performed
during the path analysis.)
Are the appropriate power sources available close to the IDU location?
Is there a potential for future path obstructions such as window washing
equipment or the construction of new buildings along the radio path?
Is there any information that needs to be collected for the equipment licensing
purposes i.e. site Latitudes & Longitudes, building heights, antenna mount
heights, etc.?
The antennas available for use with the AIM-34 product come in a variety of sizes. Each size
antenna has different mechanical mounting specifications. Various companies specialize in
providing structures used to mount fixed wireless antennas. Figure 2 represents examples of
some of the more commonly used antenna mounting structures available in the industry:
Fresnel does not provide the mounting structures shown in the figure 2.
These mounting structures can be purchased from various companies
that specialize in structural designs for the fixed wireless market.
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Wall Mount
Pole Mount
Tower Mount
Figure 2.
3.4
Mounting Structures
Each antenna that is used with the AIM-34 product has specific wind loading requirements.
These requirements are listed in the antenna vendors specifications for each antenna. The wind
loading information provides moments of force and amount of twist applied to the mast or tower
leg that the antenna is mounted to. This information is crucial to properly plan the requirements
of the antenna mounting structure.
Professional structural design specialist should perform wind loading
calculations. Improper wind loading design can result in structural
failure, which in turn can cause damage to equipment and mounting
structures, and can result in injury to people.
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4 INSTALLATION
The first portion of this section outlines the required installation tools, and the unpacking and
inventory of the equipment. The actual installation of the AIM-34 can be accomplished by
following the 6 Phases of installation contained in this manual. Each phase provides detailed
instructions on how to install a major component of an AIM-34 link.
4.1
Installation Tools
Table 8 provides a list of the tools that are required to install an AIM-34 product.
Table 8.
Installation Tools
Suggested Manufacturer
&
Part Number
Tool Name
#2 Phillips Screwdriver
1/8 Flat Blade Screwdriver
Torque Wrench Capable of 50 ft-lb [66 N-m]
Digital Voltmeter
Fluke 77A
Connex (47-10210)
4.2
L-Com (BCC58C-5)
A link of the AIM-34 product consists of various options and configurations. When performing
an inventory on-site Fresnel recommends referencing the Purchase Order to ensure that the
proper equipment has been received and is on site for the installation. Table 9 shows the main
items required for the installation of an AIM-34 link for Non-protected configurations.
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Table 9.
IDU
Quantity
Required
2
ODU
Item Description
Length
Varies
2
Min 2
Max 8
UIB
Installation Kits
Lightening Arrestor
Link Inventory
Comments
A kit used for the installation of a complete AIM-34 radio terminal can be found in the box used
to ship the IDU. Table 10 provides a detailed list of the items contained in the installation kit.
Table 10. Indoor Unit (IDU) Installation Kit
Item
Description
Qty
Installation Purpose
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Item
4.4
Description
Qty
Installation Purpose
The IDU contains a label that can be found on the backside of the chassis. This label displays
the unit serial number and the date that the product was manufactured. Product family
information, input voltage range, IDU part number, and revision level are also displayed on this
label. Figure 3 provides a detailed description of the label that appears on the IDU.
Part Number
27-0002-IDU34-R01
123456-B25050100
Made In Germany
CE Notified Body
Serial Number
Revision
Each ODU contains a label that provides detailed information related to the ODU frequency
band of operation, ODU serial number, part number and regulatory information. The last six
digits of the ODU serial number provide the date the equipment was manufactured. The last four
digits of the ODU part number can be used to determine further information regarding the ODU
T/R spacing/subband, and High or Low band of operation. A detailed breakdown of these last
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four digits is provided in Table 11. This table should be used when determining which ODU
should be installed at each end of the link. Figure 4 provides a detailed description of the label
that appears on the ODU.
Part Number
Frequency Band
27-0119-GS1L-R01
CE Notified Body
123456-25120100
Made in Italy
Revision
Serial Number
(Last 6 digits of the Serial Number indicate the
Date of Manufacture in DD/MM/YY format)
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2nd Digit:
T/R Spacing
A = 119/126 MHz
B = 120 MHz
C = 311.32 MHz
D = 140 MHz
E = 151.614 MHz
F = 154 MHz
G = 161 MHz
H = 245 MHz
I = 266 MHz
J = 315 MHz
K = 340 MHz
L = 420 MHz
M = 490 MHz
N = 644 MHz
O = 728 MHz
P = 1615 MHz
Q = 1010 MHz
R = 1200 MHz
S = 1008 MHz
T = 100 MHz
U = 475 MHz
V = 1232 MHz
W = 1260 MHz
X = 230 MHz
Y = 1560 MHz
Z = 700 MHz
3rd Digit:
Sub-Band
1 = Sub Band 1
2 = Sub Band 2
3 = Sub Band 3
4 = Sub Band 4
4th Digit:
Duplex
L = TX Low/RX High
H = TX High/RX Low
23GHz BAND 1
LOW (L)
ODU
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23GHz BAND 1
HIGH (H)
ODU
21
This phase of the installation outlines the necessary steps required to install and terminate the
IFL coaxial cable, that is used to interconnect the IDU to the ODU, with the Type-N Male
connectors provided in the installation kit. The IFL coaxial cable recommended by Fresnel is
Belden 9913.
AIM-34 products include secondary protection using gas tube arrestors
that engage above 300V, and semiconductor arrestors that protect from
voltages above 100V.
The end user is expected to ensure primary lightning protection at each
site, and for each link. Failure to do this may lead to damage to AIM-34
equipment which is not covered by warranty
Move the IDU power switch to the OFF position prior to connecting or
reconnecting the coaxial cable from the IDU to the ODU. If this
guideline is not followed the IDU may not communicate properly with
the ODU until the IDU is fully power cycled.
If other IFL coaxial cables are used in place of the Fresnel
recommended cable, the instructions contained within this phase of
installation may not apply.
Use connectors and terminating
instructions specifically designed for the IFL coaxial cable being
installed.
5.1
This process can be performed several different ways, and will often vary depending on the
layout of the proposed cable run. Below are some general guidelines that can be followed for the
IFL installation.
Avoid pulling the cable through metal conduits if the ends of the conduits are sharp and
unprotected. Also avoid other sharp objects along the cable path, such as metal
strapping, and jagged cement risers.
Allow service loops at both IDU and ODU locations for maintenance and/or equipment
repositioning purposes.
Do not terminate the cable ends until after the cable is in place.
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The IFL coaxial cable is comprised of a solid center conductor surrounded by a dielectric, a foil
shield, a braided shield, and an outer jacket.
A hexagon crimp tool specified in the installation tools section of this manual is used to crimp
both the center pin onto the center conductor of the cable and crimp the sleeve onto the base of
the Type-N connector. Figure 5 shows an example of the required crimp tool and die.
Figure 5.
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2) Remove the IFL connector parts from the installation kit and place the center pin over the
center conductor of the IFL cable. Crimp it using the .116 in. hex cavity of the crimp tool.
The center pin can also be soldered onto the center conductor.
3) Slide the sleeve over the outer jacket of the cable and insert the center pin into the back of
the Type-N connector body. Continue to push the center pin into the Type-N connector
body until it clips into place and is flush with the front of the Type-N connector body.
4) Slide the sleeve over the braided shield until it is flush with the base of the Type-N
connector body. Crimp the sleeve in place using the .429 in. hex cavity of the crimp tool.
The termination of the connector is now completed.
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This phase discusses the installation of the IDU, and includes information such as rack mounting
instructions, UIB insertion, interface wiring diagrams, and flash memory installation.
6.1
The front panel of the IDU contains various connections for UIBs and management interfacing.
Figure 6 list the various interfaces on the IDU:
The IDU contains a slot for inserting a flash memory card. The flash memory card is used to
store a software configuration backup for the radio terminal where its installed. This allows
users to rapidly deploy systems in the field, replace a faulty unit more quickly, and maintain
backup copies of radio terminal configurations. The flash memory card comes pre-installed in
the IDU. Perform the following steps to install and remove the flash memory card.
Ensure the IDU is powered off prior to inserting or removing the
Compact Flash Card. Failure to comply with this caution could cause
irreparable damage to the card.
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Figure 7.
1) If the AIM-34 link is already installed remove the power inputs from the IDU.
2) Remove the Flash Memory Cover Plate, found on the back of the IDU, using a Phillips
head screwdriver.
3) To remove the Flash Memory Card from the IDU the eject button, found on the right
hand side of the memory card slot, must be used. The ejection button is normally rotated
90 for storage purposes, and may need to be rotated into a straight position before
pressing it to eject the flash card. Once the eject button has been rotated to the straight
position it can be pressed in to eject the flash card. The diagrams below show the ejection
button in a stored position, being rotated, and in the fully extended (straight) position:
Pushing the eject button in, without straightening it first, could result in
damage to the ejection mechanism.
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4) Install a flash memory card by inserting it into the IDU chassis with the memory card
label facing up.
5) Push the card into the slot until a reasonable stop is felt.
6) Reinstall the Flash Memory Cover Plate with the screws removed in step 1.
To avoid excessive dust intrusion, do not leave the Flash Memory Cover
Plate uninstalled.
6.3
The IDU is capable of being rack mounted in a standard 19-inch depth rack. Each IDU
requires 1RU (1.75 inches or 45mm) of rack space. The rack mounting brackets and screws
come preinstalled on the IDU from the factory. However, the IDU chassis contains various
mounting positions if other configurations are desired. Perform the following steps to mount the
IDU into a 19 depth relay rack:
1) If a different position of the rack mounting brackets is desired, place the IDU on a flat
surface. Remove the rack mounting brackets from the IDU chassis. Select the desired
mounting position and reattach the rack mounting brackets to the IDU chassis utilizing a
Phillips head screwdriver.
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2) Place a #12 size lock washer, followed by a #12 size flat washer onto the #12 size screw
found in the installation kit. This should be done to all four screws found in the
installation kit.
3) Position the IDU in the communications rack at the desired height. Using the #12 size
screws from step 2, secure the IDU brackets to the communications rack.
4) Connect the site ground to the grounding lug provided on the IDU chassis. Additional
IDU grounding information is located in Appendix D. The figure below shows the
location of the IDU ground stud.
Once the IDU is installed the IFL coaxial cable can be connected to the IDU. To assist in the
dressing of the cable connection a Type-N Male to Type-N Female right angle adapter has been
included in the installation kit. Perform the following steps to connect the IFL cable to the IDU:
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Ensure that power is not applied to the IDU during the connection of
the IFL cable to the IDU. Power should remain off until both ends of
the IFL have been properly connected to the IDU and ODU.
1) Connect the female end of the Type-N right angle adapter to the male end of the IFL
coaxial connector. This can be done by rotating the collar of the IFL coaxial connector
clockwise to tighten.
2) Make sure that the IDU ON/OFF switch is in the OFF position, and connect the male end
of the Type-N right angle adapter to the Type-N female connector on the IDU. This can
be done by rotating the collar of the Type-N right angle adapter clockwise to tighten.
3) After positioning the IFL cable, and dressing it to the relay rack, recheck to make sure the
IFL connector and right angle adapter are still secured.
6.5
The IDU contains four slots for housing a variety of UIBs. The IDU will have protective cover
plates installed on all slots that are not in use. Before installing or adding additional UIBs the
cover plates must be removed. All removed cover plates should be saved in case future IDU
configurations warrant the removal of a UIB.
The following steps should be used when inserting a new UIB into the IDU chassis:
1) Turn the IDU power switch to the off position.
The power to the IDU must be turned off prior to the insertion of
the UIB. Failure to turn the IDU power off may cause damage
to the UIB and/or IDU circuitry.
2) Remove the protective cover plate from the IDU slot where the UIB will be inserted.
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3) With the labeling on the UIB faceplate pointed in the upright position, gently slide the
UIB into the slot guides until the faceplate of the UIB is flush with the IDU chassis.
4) Secure the UIB into the IDU chassis by turning the locking screws clockwise until hand
tight. A slotted screwdriver can be used to further tighten the locking screws. However,
no more than an additional turn should be applied to the hand tight screw.
Cable/Connector Type
4 E1 75 Ohm UIB
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6.6
Power is supplied to the AIM-34 radio terminal via a High Power Sub D Connector.
If ETSI class B EMC operation is desired the DC power input cable
must consist of 16 AWG stranded copper conductors surrounded by a
foil and braided shield. Listed below are various cables, recommended
by Fresnel, that can be used if Class B EMC emission requirements
need to be met:
Belden (Part Number 9953)
Lutze Systematic Technology (Part Number 116-122)
Alpha (Part Number 3247)
Figure 9.
DC Connector Parts
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Description
Metalized Connector Backshell Top
Metalized Connector Backshell
Bottom
16AWG Crimp Pins
High Powered D Connector
Connector Securing Screws
Strain Relief Bracket
Strain Relief Bracket Screws
Fresnel proprietary
Qty.
1
1
3
1
2
1
2
31
2) Place a crimp pin onto one of the conductors. Make sure that the conductor is fully
seated into the crimp pin, and that no portion of the conductor protrudes from the socket
of the crimp pin.
3) Set the DC pin crimp tool to the settings shown below and cycle the handle of the crimp
tool to make sure it is fully open.
4) Insert the DC wire and crimp pin into the base of the crimp tool, and crimp the pin by
fully squeezing the handle of the crimp tool. Crimp all remaining conductors in the same
way.
5) Insert the crimped pins into the connector using the pin outs specified below:
Pin #
A1
Signal Description
DC +
A2
Chassis Ground
A3
DC -
For IDU revisions below rev E, avoid reversing the polarity of the
DC+ and DC- when connecting the terminated DC cable to the
IDU. Connecting a positive DC input to the DC terminal or
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connecting a negative DC input to the DC+ terminal of the AIM34 IDU can suffer internal fuse, and other component damage.
IDU revisions E and later contain reverse polarity protection.
7) Place the drain wire of the DC cable into the position shown below, and place the strain
relief bracket into position over the drain wire and DC cable. Secure the strain relief with
the 2 strain relief bracket screws.
8) Place the connector securing screws into the metalized connector backshell, and attach
the metalized connector backshell top onto the bottom portion by clipping the two pieces
together. The connector is now complete and can be attached to the connector labeled DC
Input, located on the front panel of the IDU.
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Various antenna manufacturers, antenna sizes, and frequency bands are available for use with the
AIM-34 product. For antennas that utilize the Fresnel blind mate interface, detailed instructions
are provided with the antenna as part of the antenna installation kit. Complete the installation of
the antenna per the instructions provided by the antenna manufacturer. When using the AIM-34
product with an antenna that contains Fresnels blind mate interface confirm that the items below
have been checked and installed per the antenna vendor instructions.
Make sure the drain hole on the antenna radome is positioned at the bottom of the
antenna. Some manufacturers require the rotation of the radome to meet this requirement.
For antennas that require the rotation of the antenna feed assembly to determine
polarization, ensure the feed is polarized in the orientation dictated by the site licensing
information.
Apply lubricating grease to the O Ring gasket on the blind mate interface to ensure
proper sealing and resistance to dry rot.
It is recommended that only experienced personnel should install the AIM34 system. Local regulations may require the installer to be certified for
climbing prior to performing installations on tower structures. Safety
equipment should be used i.e. Safety Helmets, Safety Harnesses etc. The
area immediately around the tower or site should be roped off and warning
signs placed at suitable intervals to ensure that members of the public do
not stray into an area of potential danger from falling equipment or tools.
Once the antenna has been installed, per the antenna vendor instructions, rough align the antenna
with the other end of the link. This can be done by pointing the local antenna in the general
direction of the remote site. For short links, where the remote site can be visually seen, the
rough alignment is normally performed by making a visual estimation of the antenna pointing
direction. Longer paths are often rough aligned by determining the azimuth between the two site
locations and using a compass to point the antenna in the general direction of the remote end.
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Installation of the AIM-34 ODU is made simple by Fresnels Quick Hang mechanism. This
allows the user to temporarily hang the ODU on the antenna, which will free up both hands to
secure the four securing clasp. The Quick Hang mechanism consists of two posts (shoulder
bolts) that protrude from the locations on the antenna interface side of the ODU (shown in Figure
10). The post can be moved to different positions on the ODU housing if required during the
installation. The ODU handle is also removable and can be repositioned to any side of the ODU.
Polarization Considerations
Microwave signals can be propagated from the antenna using a vertical or horizontal
polarization. The desired polarization can be individually selected by the orientation of the ODU
with respect to the antenna interface. A polarization indicator consisting of an arrow and a V is
used to determine the polarization of the microwave signal. This indicator is located on the
cover of the ODU. Figure 11 depicts the polarization options of the ODU.
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8.2
2) Rest the ODU shoulder bolts into the designated slots on the antenna mounting plate
3) Secure the four securing clasp located on each corner of the ODU.
8.3
Once the ODU is installed the IFL coaxial cable can be connected to the ODU (Figure 12). To
assist in the dressing of the cable connection an optional 90 N-type male to female connector
has been included in the installation kit. Perform the following steps to connect the IFL cable to
the ODU.
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5) Using your finger, mold the Coax-Seal to blend the wraps together. Take special care to
make sure the Coax-Seal is molded to seal the location where the Right Angle Adapter
mates with the ODU connector. Refer to Figure 13 as a reference.
1) Attach the site ground to the ODU using the ground stud provided on the ODU chassis.
The following figure depicts the location of the ground stud on the ODU
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This section addresses the basic operator procedure for configuring one side of a radio link via
the CMI windows. Before beginning the actual procedure, it is helpful to understand a few
guidelines related to the philosophy of the configuration approach to this radio.
The aggregate bandwidth of the radio link is fundamentally dependent on the total mix of UIB
tributaries that are enabled for the radio plus some fixed overhead. The fixed overhead of the
aggregate radio link includes all order-wire channels, the management channel PEER channel,
and the multiplexing frame overhead including FEC. There are 16 UIB tributaries that may be
virtually enabled across the four UIB slots. The tributary numbers are assigned as follows:
Slot 1
Slot 2
Slot 3
Slot 4
Tributaries 1-4
Tributaries 5-8
Tributaries 9-12
Tributaries 13-16
UIB tributaries may be enabled on the AIM-34 without the physical presence of UIB cards in the
user slots. This allows a valid RF link to be established between two radios that effectively only
transports order-wire and radio management channels.
There are actually two radio link configurations maintained by the AIM-34: the desired link
configuration and the active link configuration. Each of the link configurations is considered to
include the critical parameters for both UIB tributaries and RF channel frequencies. The desired
link configuration is used as an off-line scratch pad configuration allowing the operator to choose
from a variety of traffic mix combinations before making one active over the air. The active link
configuration transports invalid user data for any enabled UIB tributary that does not have a
physical UIB card installed in the chassis slot. Section 9.2 lists the procedures required to
configure these settings.
The initial configuration of the AIM-34 is performed by connecting a personal computer (PC)
using HyperTerminal, or an equivalent VT-100 terminal emulator, to the RJ-45 console port
located on the front of the IDU. This can be done by connecting the DB-9 end of the console
adapter to a PC and connecting the RJ45 end of the adapter to the IDU console port using the
console cable found in the installation kit. The pin outs for the console adapter are shown in
Table 14.
12345678
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9.1
Signal Name
Not Used
Not Used
Not Used
Console RXD
Console TXD
Not Used
Ground
Not Used
Not Used
DB-9 Female
Pin Number
Not Used
Not Used
Not Used
3
2
Not Used
5
Not Used
Not Used
The procedure contained in this section provides the necessary steps to connect a PC to the
Console management port of the radio and applies to users that have a Windows based PC.
Similar steps can be performed using other terminal emulators.
1) Connect the DB-9 end of the console adaptor to an open COM port on the PC, and plug
one end of the console adaptor cable into the RJ-45 end of the adaptor. Next, plug the RJ45 end of the cable into the IDU RJ-45 jack labeled CONS.
2) Starting at the Windows Start Menu select Programs > Accessories > Communications >
HyperTerminal. The Connection Description window is displayed.
3) Enter a unique name for the new connection and click the OK button. The Connect To
window is displayed.
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4) Select an open COM port from the Connect Using: pull down list, and click the OK
button. The COM Properties window is displayed.
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6) The connection to the radio terminal should now be established. If the login prompt is
not visible press the Enter key, and the user login prompt is displayed.
9.2
When logging into a system for the first time, the factory default user name and password is
required.
The factory default User Name and Password to log into the CMI are as follows:
User Name: admin
Password: password
Upon entering in the factory default User Name and Password the system will display the Main
menu of the CMI.
If the user menu does not appear, check to make sure the COM port selected
is not currently in use by another application. Other programs such as hand
held PC synchronization software may be running in the background and can
conflict with the COM port resources.
1) Enter the appropriate Password: and press the Enter key. The following window (Figure
14) is displayed.
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The first parameter that should be set is the Configure Maximum Channel Bandwidth.
This establishes a channel bandwidth limit to which the rest of the desired configuration
process adheres.
4) Select option 1, Configure Maximum Channel Bandwidth. In any configuration, the
AIM-34 uses of one of three different RF channel bandwidths: 7MHz, 14MHz, or
28MHz. Use the spacebar to change bandwidths and select the Enter key to choose the
desired bandwidth.
5) Next begin to select the desired types of virtual UIBs in each of the slots. All tributaries
are automatically enabled by default for each UIB type selected. As UIB types are setup,
the Aggregate Modem Data Rate Config is displayed accordingly. In addition, the Link
Configuration Status item is also updated to indicate if the configuration is valid as each
UIB type is defined and tributaries are enabled. Keep in mind that any tributaries that are
already active for different slots figure into whether the new configuration is valid or not.
Perform the following steps to select the desired types of virtual UIBs. Select option 2
and select the Enter key.
6) The field to the right of the option is activated. Select the space bar until the desired
option is displayed. Select the Enter key to make a selection.
The following UIB types are available for selection:
E2UIB
E3UIB
E1UIB120
E1UIB75
In addition, three special types are provided to allow convenient configuration editing:
NoChange
CopyActive
UibUnused
7) Perform the same steps for window options 3, 4, and 5 for the remaining slots as required
until the correct and valid configuration has been entered.
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8) Select the [Apply changes] option to apply the changes and see the selections in the
Desired Type field.
9) The user has the option of enabling or disabling individual tributaries for any slot.
Perform the following steps to do either.
10) Select option 6, UIB Tributary Desired Configuration.
Configuration window (Figure 17) is displayed.
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18) Once a valid Link Configuration Status is attained, the operator is free to activate the
configuration by selecting option 4, Activate Link Configuration. The following window
is displayed.
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25) UIB tributary parameter configurations for each slot can be changed from this window
only if a UIB type is active for the selected slot. For example if an E1UIB120 type is
active in slot 1, then selecting option 1 in the window above will display the following E1
UIB Tributary Active Configuration window.
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RSL (dBm)
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
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1) Start at one end of the link and connect the BNC Male end of the Antenna alignment
cable to the AGC port on the ODU. Connect the other end to a voltmeter. For purposes
of this procedure, this site will be known as site 1.
2) Ensure the voltmeter is set to DC voltage and placed on a range capable of measuring 0
5 volts DC.
3) Loosen the antenna hardware that is used for securing the antennas movement in the
azimuth directions.
4) Slowly sweep the antenna from left to right while observing the readings on the
voltmeter. A higher voltage equals a higher receive signal level. As the antenna is swept
from left to right, the voltage will go through a variety of peaks and troughs. Each peak is
one of the previously discussed lobes, the highest of which is the main lobe.
5) Secure the azimuth adjustment hardware once the main lobe is found and the highest
signal level is achieved.
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6) Loosen the antenna hardware that is used for securing the antennas movement in the
elevation direction. Slowly sweep the antenna from top to bottom while observing the
voltmeter. The same principals used when aligning the azimuth apply to aligning the
elevation. The signal must be peaked on the highest voltage reading to ensure alignment
of the main lobes. Once the signal is peaked the elevation adjustment hardware can be
secured.
7) Perform Steps 1 through 5 on the opposite end of the link, until the signal level is peaked
for both azimuth and elevation. At this point of the antenna alignment procedure, the
signal levels should be getting close to the levels specified in the link budget. For
purposes of this procedure this site will be known as site 2.
8) To further optimize the RSL, loosen the azimuth and elevation fine adjustment hardware
on site 1. The fine adjustment mechanisms can then be used to slowly sweep the antenna
from left to right, and up and down, to further peak the signal. Once the signal is at its
maximum, the azimuth and elevation fine adjustment hardware can be secured and
torqued to the antenna manufacturers specifications.
Keep the voltmeter attached to the AGC port during the final tightening of the
adjustment hardware. This will ensure that the alignment is not
compromised.
9) After the AGC voltages have been peaked on both ends of the link, observe the RSL
indicated by the CMI software. Ensure that the RSL is within +/- 5dB of the expected
RSL. Since the AIM-34 has a transmitter tolerance of +/- 2dB and a receive tolerance of
+/- 3dB. The indicated RSL could vary by +/- 5dB.
Example: The transmitter at one end of the link is 2dB lower than the stated output
power, and the remote receiver is indicating a 3dB lower RSL than actual. This would be
a worst case scenario where the displayed RSL would indicate 5dB lower than the
expected RSL.
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For applications that require increased link availability and/or reliability, the AIM-34 radio
system can be installed in protected (1 + 1) configurations. In addition, existing non-protected (1
+ 0) radio links can be easily upgraded to a protected configuration by the addition of
redundancy hardware.
AIM-34 redundancy system supports several types of configurations, all of which provide
protection against hardware failures. Some forms of redundancy also help to provide protection
against frequency and path related outages. Overviews of the redundancy types supported by the
AIM-34 system are described below:
Hot Standby This configuration uses the same frequency pair on both the active and standby
systems. Since the same transmitter frequency is used between the main and standby radios,
the system can be configured to mute the standby transmitter to avoid interference with the
active portion of the radio link. At the remote end, both the main and standby radios receive and
demodulate the same signal, however, only one receiver actively outputs the digital signal to the
customer premise equipment.
Space Diversity In addition to providing protection against hardware failures this
configuration is also used to help overcome the risk of outages due to multipath fading. This
configuration is similar to hot standby configurations except space diversity requires the use of
two antennas at the protected ends of the radio link. Each antenna is spaced apart on the
mounting structure to diversify the received signals. Typically the antennas are spaced 200
wavelengths apart for optimum diversity protection. The same frequency pair is used for both
the active and standby radios, but only the transmitter of the active radio remains on. However,
both the active and standby receivers are on simultaneously and are monitored for the best
performance. The best performing baseband output is then decoded and only one receiver
actively outputs the digital signal to the customer premise equipment.
Frequency Diversity Two separate frequency pairs are used with this type of redundancy.
Both the active and standby systems are active simultaneously since interference between the
two is not an issue, however, only one receiver actively outputs the digital signal to the customer
premise equipment. This form of redundancy helps to provide protection against an
unintentional interferer, and protection against path anomalies such as ducting and inversions
that tend to be frequency specific. If frequency diversity mode is desire both IDUs should be
configured so that the standby ODU transmitter is un-muted. This allows both transmitters to be
active at the same time.
Polarization Diversity Redundancy applications that use this form of diversity operate on the
same frequency but the active and standby links are polarized differently. One link is vertically
polarized while the other is horizontal. In this configuration only one transmitter is active at the
same time, but both receivers are active simultaneously and monitored for the best performance,
however, only one receiver actively outputs the digital signal to the customer premise equipment.
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Software Release
Single Carrier 1 + 1
Hitless Switching
Dual Carrier
F1
11.2 Terminology
Table 16. Redundancy Terminology
Term
Definition
Active
The radio currently carrying customer traffic. The Indoor Unit (IDU) is sending its receive data to the RIU
and transmitting its customer data to one or both IDUs.
Remote
Standby
This is the secondary or backup radio. The output of the standby radio UIB tributaries are disabled.
Local
The radio being communicated with (through SNMP, Telnet, CMI, etc.).
Opposite
The radio paired with the local one in a redundancy chassis. Note that each radio refers to itself as the local
and its partner as the opposite.
Ineligible for active. A device is inoperable and is awaiting a reset from the user so the radio may attempt to
use it once more.
Failed
Auto
Not under Orderwire Interface Board (OIB) manual control. Auto allows the two radios to work together to
maintain an active link.
End Point
Peer
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Local A, Active
UIB
User
Data
Remote A, Active
IDU
F1
F1
RIB
UIB
RIB
Local B, Muted
& Standby
UIB
IDU
Protection Link
Cable
User
Data
Remote B, Standby
IDU
UIB
IDU
Figure 27. Redundancy Link Switching System Block Diagram, Single Carrier
The tributary data enters the RIU where it is passively split into an A and B path. The A path is
routed to the top IDU (local, A) and the B path is routed to the bottom IDU (local B). Local A is
active and local ODU B is muted as standby. Local A transmits on frequency F1. Both remote
radios receive the transmission. Remote radio A is active, so its UIB transmits data to the RIB.
Remote radio B is in standby, but without faults. As there are no faults, remote B sends received
data to remote A across the hitless switch connection. The hitless switch function automatically
selects the best receive path and forwards the data to the active UIB in remote radio A. The
standby UIB in remote B is muted.
11.3.2 Dual Carrier Operation
Figure 28 illustrates dual carrier operation. This mode supports spatial diversity, frequency
diversity, or polarization diversity.
Local A, Active
UIB
User
Data
Remote A, Active
IDU
F1 or Pol1
Protection Link
Cable
RIB
UIB
RIB
Local B, Standby
UIB
IDU
IDU
Protection Lnk
Cable
User
Data
Remote B, Standby
F2 or Pol2
UIB
IDU
Figure 28. Redundancy Link Switching System Block Diagram, Dual Carrier
The tributary data enters the RIU where it is passively split into an A and B path. The A path is
routed to the top IDU (local, A) and the B path is routed to the bottom IDU (local B). Local A is
active and local ODU B is un-muted as standby. Local A transmits on frequency F1 or
polarization 1. Local B transmits on frequency F2 or polarization 2. The frequency and/or
polarization must be different so that transmitted carriers do not interfere. Local B obtains the
aggregate transmit stream from Local A across the hitless switch connection, not the UIB. This
keeps AMUX frames synchronized in both transmit carriers. Remote radios receive the specific
transmission. Remote radio A is active, so its UIB transmits data to the RIB. Remote radio B is
in standby, but without faults. As there are no faults, remote B sends received data to remote A
across the hitless switch connection. The hitless switch function automatically selects the best
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receive path and forwards the data to the active UIB in remote radio A. The standby UIB in
remote B is muted.
11.3.3 Hitless Switching
Hitless switching selects a preferred receiver path from a (1+1) ODU pair without dropping data.
Hitless switching circuitry monitors the receive decoder error correction metric to select the
preferred path in real time. The hitless switch always starts on the local (active) path, and then
switches between paths on a decoder error event. Path switching will not cause bit errors in the
user traffic stream, hence the term hitless. The active IDU/UIBs always generate the transmit
stream regardless of the hitless switch state. The active IDU processor engages the hitless switch
by default conditional on two non-faulted IDUs and frame synchronization in both receiver
paths. Any IDU fault disables hitless switching.
Figure 29 displays the ODU and IDU being treated as the active path. If the ODU were to fail,
the IDU will not attempt to use the opposite ODU, rather a failover will occur and the standby
IDU/ODU pair will then become active.
The opposite
ODU may be
configured as
muted or
unmuted
ODU A
RX
TX
ODU B
RX
IDU A
IDU B
Primary Radio
Standby Radio
All redundancy
actions are
transparent to the
customer data
interface.
TX
During hitless
switching, the primary
IDU makes use of both
ODUs, selecting the
best of both RX
streams in real time to
minimize errors
RIU
Customer Interface
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clears the fault condition, the radio will attempt to become eligible for standby (or active) duty
but could fall back to the failed state if the problem remains. This is contingent, however on
whether the user wishes the radio to automatically negotiate around faults.
11.4 Redundant Interface Unit (RIU)
The Redundant Interface Unit (RIU) allows for two (with OIB installed) or three (no OIB
installed) protection interfaces of IDU UIBs. As the IDU contains four slots for different UIBs, a
second RIU is required for complete protection of all four UIB slots. No more than 4RU of rack
space is required for a fully loaded, protected AIM-34 radio.
The RIU is a 1RU 19 rack mounted housing. RIBs and an OIB can be inserted into the RIU,
depending on customer desired configurations. The RIU accepts up to three interface boards and
placement of these boards can be mixed in the RIU.
Figure 30 depicts the RIU concept with removable interface boards:
Figure 30. Redundant Interface Unit (RIU) with RIBs and OIB
11.5 Orderwire Interface Boards (OIBs)
The RIU also accommodates an optional OIB. The OIB splits the orderwire channels and alarm
signals that feed each IDU. The OIB includes an Ethernet hub to interconnect (1+1) IDU
management channels into a single interface. The OIB obtains power from the host IDUs
without needing an additional power connector.
The Orderwire Interface Board (OIB) provides the splitting and combining functions for the
overhead channels of the local (A) and opposite (B) radio system. Radio overhead channels that
are protected are:
a) Ethernet 10/100BT Peer Channel (for SNMP management)
b) ASOW for point-to-point RS232 data connectivity
c) SOW for point-to-point RS422 data connectivity
The OIB provides a 3-port Ethernet hub function. The Ethernet hub connects the A and B
ethernet ports to a single interface NMS system.
The OIB also includes a locking 3-position switch to manually select either A radio, B radio,
or Auto mode. This switch (shown in Figure 31) provides a manual override for a local partner
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and overrides all possible software choices. Pending this switchs setting, the user may apply
further settings. The OIB also includes LED indications of on-line status.
A
Auto
Soft-override:
Force A
SNMP/CMI
overrides of
Auto?
Radio
decides
No soft overrides
B
Manual switch
A
is
active
B
is
active
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ODU A
IDU B
ODU B
Green
Green
Off
Off
Off
Off
Green
Green
Green
Off
Off
Green
Off
Green
Green
Off
Green
Flashing
Off
Flashing
Off
Flashing
Green
Flashing
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flexible waveguide interfaces or integrated with direct ODU mating. Frequency diversity
within the same waveguide frequency band is supported with the coupler. With integrated
coupling, vertical co-polarization is default.
Table 18. ODU/Antenna Redundancy Hardware/Performance Summary
Comparison Category
Dual antenna
No coupler
No flex w/g
Single Antenna w/
component coupler and
1m of flextwist w/g
Single Antenna w/
integrated coupler
V/V
H/H
V/V
H/H
Polarization (LinkA/LinkB)
Loss on the Primary A Link, dB
(relative to 1+0 link)
0 dB
0 dB
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The information contained in this section describes the installation of a radio link in redundant
configurations. This installation is subdivided into the following three areas:
Outdoor Equipment Installation All aspects related to the installation of the outdoor
portion of a protected system are discussed in this section. Equipment installation
outlined in this section includes ODU mounting configurations, splitter/coupler
installation, feed line installation, and antenna configuration options.
Indoor Equipment Installation This area pertains to the installation of all indoor
related portions of a protected radio link, such as IDU rack mounting configurations, RIU
installation, RIB and OIB installation, and system cabling requirements.
Redundancy Link Configuration The software configuration of an installed
redundancy system, using the CMI is outline in this section.
12.1 Outdoor Equipment Installation
The outdoor installation starts with the antenna. The antenna hardware is shipped with detailed
installation instructions. The remaining of the outdoor installation is dependent on the type of
redundancy architecture being used.
12.1.1 1+1 Dual Antenna (Space, Frequency, and Polarization Diversity)
Each antenna and ODU should be set up as if it were an individual link. Start with IDU A and
ODU A and follow the mounting and pointing instructions in the Installation Instructions for
Outdoor Unit (ODU) Mounting & Antenna Alignment (document number 95-0008). These
instructions ship with each ODU and can also be found in this manual. Repeat the antenna/ODU
installation process for Link B. Figure 32 shows a typical dual antenna outdoor hardware
configuration.
Both A and B antennas and ODUs can be mounted and given a coarse
initial pointing.
However, for fine pointing resolution it is
recommended that one link be turned off while fine pointing is done.
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Flex w/g
Outdoor Unit
Antenna
Surge
Protector Kit
Remote
Mount Kit
Figure 32. Typical Dual Antenna Outdoor Configuration
12.1.2 1+1 Component Coupler, Flex w/g and Remote Mount ODUs
Figure 33 shows a waveguide component coupler. At 7/8 GHz the 1+1 component coupler
contains 3 type N female connectors. Figure 34 shows the component coupler installed on a
single antenna with two flex waveguide feeding two remote mounted ODUs. The 1+1
component coupler is mounted to the antenna feed port by the waveguide bolts. For 7/8 GHz
systems, 3 type N low loss superflex coaxial jumpers are recommended.
The 7 and 8 GHz radio bands require the use of low loss Type N
coaxial cables such as Superflex for making connections between the
ODU and the coupler, remote mount, and/or antenna. Using standard
RG-8 is not recommended due to the high losses at 7 and 8 GHz.
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ODU Side
Antenna Side
Figure 33. Front and Back Side View of a Waveguide Component 1+1 Coupler
Installation Instructions for 13GHz and Higher Outdoor Unit (ODU) Remote Mount (document
number 95-0007) and Installation Instructions for 7/8 GHz Outdoor Unit (ODU) Remote Mount,
Generation II (document number 95-0009) contain detailed instructions for installing a remote
mounting bracket and attaching flex w/g or coaxial jumper cables.
While on the ground verify that the w/g flanges of the antenna and the
flexible waveguide are the correct size to mate with the component
coupler. Also verify that the remote mount kits contain the correct
blind mate adapter for the flexible waveguide.
Outdoor
Unit
(ODU)
Antenna
ODU
Component
Coupler
Surge
Protector
Kit
Remote
Mount
Kit
Flexible
Waveguide
Figure 34. Outdoor 1+1 Coupler Installation (Typical for 13-40 GHz)
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Common
Tributary I/O
B data signals
route to IDU B
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Cables for connecting the A and B data signals to IDU A and IDU B are provided with each
RIB or OIB assembly.
Table 19 summarizes the data cables.
The length of the cables provided with the RIBs and OIB have been
selected to allow easy installation and routing when IDUs and RIUs are
rack mounted as shown. Alternative non-contiguous configurations
may not work with the cables provided and there is no guarantee of
performance.
Table 19. Summary of RIBs/OIBs with Associated Cables
4E1 RIB, 75 ohm
P/N 27-0071-9010
16 cables, 1.0/2.3 75 ohm
1x E3 or 1x E2
P/N 27-0072-9030
4 cables, BNC 75 ohm
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5) Using the cables provided with the OIB, route jumper cables from IDU A to the
appropriate A interfaces on the OIB.
6) Using the cables provided with the OIB, route jumper cables from IDU B to the
appropriate B interfaces on the OIB.
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Outer connectors
are mated with
each other
Inner connectors
are mated with
each other
8) Connect the Y cable to the Digital/1+1 port on each IDU and insert the 26 pin
connector into the OIB port Digital/1+1 on the OIB in the RIU chassis. Refer to Figure
41 for proper Y cable connection.
9) Refer to Section 6.5 and 6.6 of this manual to connect the IFL cables and DC Power
Connector to IDU A and B.
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Y-Cable
connector
labeled A, for
upper IDU
Y-Cable
connector
labeled B, for
lower IDU
Figure 43. Y Cable Connection
12.3 Redundancy Link Configuration
This section outlines the necessary steps required to configure a redundant link using the CMI.
For single carrier redundancy configurations the transmit channels and
link IDs must be configured the same for each radio in a terminal link.
Perform the following procedure to configure the link for redundancy.
1) Put the OIB three-position switch in the A position at both the local and remote site.
2) Power the A radios on at both the local and remote site as required.
3) Configure the UIB and radio parameters on the A radio at the local and remote site per
Section 9.2 of this manual.
4) Configure the redundancy parameters per Sections 12.3.2.
5) Once both sites are properly configured align the antenna(s) per Section 10 of this
manual.
6) Power the A radios down at both the local and remote sites.
7) Power the B radios up at both the local and remote sites.
8) Put the OIB three-position switch in the B position at both the local and remote site.
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9) Configure the UIB and radio parameters on the B radio at the local and remote site per
section 9.2 of this manual.
10) Configure the redundancy parameters per Sections 12.3.2.
11) Once both sites are properly configured align the antenna(s) per Section 10 of this
manual.
If single antenna configurations are used this step has already been
performed and can be ignored.
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both ODUs are healthy, Both will appear. This should be the most common
result.
RIU Current RX Source This is either none, local, or opposite. If hitless
switching is off it will always say local (for the active) and none (for the standby).
If hitless switching is on it will say either local or opposite on the active IDU
based on which ODU receive stream currently has the lowest block error rate.
The active IDU may change this variable on a microsecond basis.
RIU Current Hitless Switch This variable indicates if hitless switching is
enabled. If the IDU is active and the other IDU is not faulted, then hitless
switching will become enabled when the AMUX super-frames synchronize.
RIU Current Opposite Radio State Options are notdetected, initializing,
faulted, standby, and active. If the Protection Link cables are properly connected,
this variable should not indicate notdetected. Otherwise, this variable indicates
the state of the opposite IDU.
12.3.2 Configuring the IDU for Redundancy Using the CMI
Perform the following procedure to enable redundancy through the CMI.
1) Login to the CMI. The CMI Main menu is displayed.
2) Select option 1, System Configuration.
3) Select option 6, Management Redundant IDU Interface Configuration. The Management
Redundant IDU Interface Configuration window (Figure 44) is displayed.
4) Select option 1, Redundancy Enable. Using the space bar select the [True] option and
press the Enter key.
5) Select option 2, RIU Mute Standby ODU. Using the spacebar select [True] or [False]
and then press the Enter key.
If this option is set to [True] then the transmitter of the standby ODU will remain off
(muted). This parameter should be set to [True] when a protected link is being installed in
Hot Standby, Space Diversity, and Polarization Diversity configurations so the standby
transmitter will not interfere with the active receiver.
If this option is set to [False] then the transmitter of the standby ODU will remain on
(unmuted). This parameter should be set to [False] when installing a protected radio link
in a Frequency Diversity configuration.
6) Select option 3, RIU Override Local to Active. Using the spacebar select the [True] or
[False] option then press the Enter key. Selecting [True] causes the IDU to become the
active radio regardless of its state. However this option cannot override the manual
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override switch located on the front panel of the OIB. Under normal operating conditions
this parameter should be left in the [False] state.
7) Select option 4, RIU Clear Faults. Using the spacebar select the [True] or [False] option
then press the Enter key.
8) Select option 5, RIU Preferred State. Using the spacebar select the [Active], or [Standby]
option and press the Enter key.
This parameter is used to specify which radio terminal in a protected endpoint will be the
[Active] (Primary) radio and which one is the [Standby] (secondary) radio. This
parameter is especially important when the ODUs are attached to a single antenna using
an unequal loss coupler. Normally the radio terminal that is connected to the lowest loss
port on the coupler should be configured as the [Active] terminal. This will ensure that
performance is optimized under normal operating conditions.
If one radio terminal in an endpoint is configured to be [Active] then the other terminal
should be configured as [Standby]. This should be done on both ends of the protected
radio link.
Only one IDU can be active or standby at a time so if both IDUs are
configured the same the software will automatically select which
becomes active and which becomes standby. However, this software
selection does not take into account which terminal is connected to the
most optimal coupler port, so manual configuration of this parameter is
highly recommended.
9) Select option 6, RIU Redundancy Recovery. Using the spacebar select from the [Auto],
[Manual], or [Not Selected] options and then press the Enter key. Normally this
parameter should be left in the default [Auto] configuration.
Redundancy recovery is the condition where a fault has occurred but
everything is back to functioning correctly. The radio can either
resume redundancy and therefore become Active if needed (auto
mode, the default) or will forever remain in a faulted Standby state
until the customer has told the redundancy software it is OK to continue
(Manual mode).
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Category
Description
redundancyEnable
Configuration
riuMuteStandbyODU
Configuration
riuOverrideLocalToActive
Configuration
riuClearFaults
Configuration
riuPreferredState
Configuration
riuRedundancyRecovery
Configuration
The action the IDU should take when a fault condition clears up.
riuCurrentState
Status
riuCurrentTxODUs
Status
riuCurrentRxODUs
Status
Which ODU(s) are receiving customer data (and hence, feeding the
hitless switch).
RiuCurrentRXSource
Status
The receive stream the HS has momentarily selected as the best. This
stream is subsequently delivered to the local AMUX and RIU.
If HS is disabled, this will always be local.
riuCurrentHitlessSwitch
Status
The state of the hitless switch. It may be disabled due to faults and
therefore not necessarily track one-for-one the user configuration
choice from HitlessSwitchEnable. It may also be turned off when the
manual override switch is thrown.
riuCurrentOppositeRadioState
Status
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Dimensions
1.75 H x 17.5 W x 10 D
Weight
5 lbs (2.2 kg) fully loaded (three interface boards)
Temperature
Operational: -10oC to +55oC per EN 300 019-2-3, Class 3.1
Storage: -40oC to +80oC
Humidity
95% non-condensing
Altitude
Operational: up to 4,500 meters
Transportation: up to 13,333 meters
Shock
40 m/s2 (4g) max peak, 6 ms duration per EN 300 019-1-4, Class 4.1E
Vibration
Sinusoidal 9 Hz to 200 Hz, 10 m/s2 (1.0g) per EN 300 019-1-4, Class 4.1E
Water Ingress
Per IEC 529 IP30
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The CMI provides users with a VT-100 text menu interface used to navigate through the various
configuration and operation parameters of the system. This section provides information
regarding the various methods used to connect to the CMI and the general guidelines used to
navigate through the various CMI menus.
The radio can also be configured using SNMP. However, for the purpose of this manual, only the
CMI will be discussed.
13.1 Connecting to the CMI Interface
13.1.1 RS-232 Console Connection
The RS-232 Console Connection is the initial method of connecting to the CMI and is outlined in
the Initial Configuration (Phase 5) section of this manual.
13.1.2 Telnet
An IP address can be assigned to the Ethernet management port using the CMI. Once the IP
address is assigned and the radio is connected to a PC or a network the CMI can be accessed
using a Telnet application. Once a Telnet session to the radio has been established, the CMI will
be presented to the user for configuration and operation purposes. Configuration of the system
using Telnet is identical to the configuration performed when connecting directly to the console
port of the radio.
13.1.3 Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
A PPP connection to the radio can be established by connecting a dial-up modem to the PPP port
on the IDU. Prior to making a PPP connection to the radio, the PPP configuration must be
performed using the RS-232 or Telnet connection to the CMI interface. These steps are outlined
in the PPP Port Pin Outs and Configuration section of this manual.
13.2 CMI Menu Navigation
13.2.1 Menu Navigation Using the Keyboard
The Up arrow key moves the item selection highlighter up the menu or window.
- The Down arrow key moves the item selection highlighter down the menu or
window.
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- The Left arrow key moves the item selection highlighter to the left.
- The Right arrow key moves the item selection highlighter to the right.
Tab - Pressing the Tab key moves the item selection highlighter down the menu or
window.
Escape - When a parameter has been selected for modification and the user wishes to
cancel the modification the Esc key can be pressed. Pressing the Esc key disregards
the current parameter being modified and allows the user to highlight another option on
that window.
Item # - Each selectable item on a menu or window is assigned a number. Using the
keyboard to enter in the number of the desired item will highlight the corresponding
selection.
Hot Keys Various navigational aids and action performing commands are located at the
bottom of all CMI windows. The titles of these items are surrounded by [Brackets]. The
titles of these items contain one letter that is capitalized. Users can select these items by
pressing the letter on the keyboard.
Example: [Apply changes] Users can press the A key from their keyboard to Apply
changes to the system.
Ctrl + L refreshes the CMI window. The window automatically refreshes
every 2 seconds.
13.2.2 Window Options Used for Menu Navigation
Most of the windows available in the CMI contain the [Back], [Main], and [Help] Options. These
options are used to provide easier navigation of the CMI menus and windows and provide
additional help information. The following list explains these options in detail.
[Back] After highlighting this item and pressing the Enter key the CMI will return to
the previously viewed window or menu. Users can also access this item by pressing the
letter B hot key.
[Main menu] After highlighting this item and pressing the Enter key the CMI will
return to the Main Menu. Users can also access this item by pressing the letter M hot
key.
[Help] When this option is displayed at the bottom of a window, it can be used to
access additional help information related to the window it appears on. Highlight this
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item and press the Enter key to view additional help information. Users can also access
this item by pressing the letter H hot key.
[Next] Selection of this item will display the next window. Users can access this item
by pressing the letter N hot key.
[pgUp] This item is used when there is more than one window of information to
display, such as an event log. This item allows users to move up the window and display
more information. Users can access this item by pressing the letter U hot key.
[pgDown] This item is used when there is more than one window of information to
display, such as an event log. This item allows users to move down the window and
display more information. Users can access this item by pressing the D hot key.
13.2.3 Changing Parameters
All configurable parameters are enclosed in [ ]. Highlighting the item and pressing the Enter key
will modify the data contained between the brackets.
Some of the modifiable parameters contain a set of fixed value options. These values can be
selected by highlighting the menu item, pressing the Enter key, and then using the keyboards
Space Bar to toggle through the configurable options. Once the desired option is displayed on
the window, the Enter key can be pressed to select the new option.
After all of the desired parameters have been modified on a window the [Apply changes], or
[Update] option needs to be selected. This will activate the parameter changes.
13.2.4 Using the [Toggle Title] Feature
The [Toggle Title] feature is displayed at the bottom of most CMI parameter configuration
windows. This feature allows the parameter titles shown on the various CMI windows to be
displayed using two different methods. To select the desired view, highlight the [Toggle Title]
parameter and press the Enter key. The two display modes are describe in further detail below:
Normal View This view displays the title of each parameter using descriptive words
and phrases. This is the default view of the system.
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MIB View This view displays the title of each parameter using the SNMP variable
name used in the AIM-34 MIB. This feature allows technicians in the field to
communicate with technicians that may be accessing the system using SNMP based
management methods such as the Fresnel EMS application.
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indication is displayed it means the ENET Management port is not connected to anything.
(This function is currently unavailable.)
Speed/Duplex This parameter shows the mode of operation for the ENET Management
Port interface. The default mode of the interface is Auto mode. This mode allows the
interface to auto-negotiate the speed and duplex of the connection with the interface of
the device it is attached to. (This function is currently unavailable.)
Management Ethernet MAC Address This is the hardware address assigned to the
ENET Management Port at the factory.
The System
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4) Select option 2, Management Ethernet IP Mask. Type the desired subnet mask for the
Ethernet IP address followed by the Enter key.
5) Select option 3, Default Management Gateway IP Address. Type in the desired IP
address of the default gateway and press the Enter key.
6) To activate the configuration, select the [Apply changes] option. The Ethernet port IP
parameters are now configured. These steps should be performed on both local and
remote radios.
14.1.3 Ethernet Management Port Pin Outs
After the Ethernet Management Port has been properly configured it can be connected to an
Ethernet network or directly to an Ethernet Network Interface Card (NIC) of a PC for
management purposes.
Depending on the device being attached to the ENET port, a straight or cross over Ethernet cable
may be required. Table 20 provides the pin outs for this interface. Some general guidelines for
using a straight vs. a cross cable are detailed below:
Connections Requiring a Straight Cable
Connections to the Ethernet port of a router
Connections to an Ethernet switch port
Connections to an Ethernet hub port
Connections Requiring a Cross Cable
Connections being made directly to the Ethernet NIC of a PC
Connections to the Uplink/Cross port of a switch or Hub
Table 20. ENET Management Port Pin Outs
ENET Management Port (RJ-45)
Pin #
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Fresnel proprietary
Signal Name
TX_P
TX_N
RX_P
Not Used
Not Used
RX_N
Not Used
Not Used
92
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2) Select option 1, View Fixed Route Table. The View Fixed Routes window (Figure
51) is displayed.
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12345678
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Pin #
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Fresnel proprietary
Signal Name
PPP_DSR
PPP_CD
PPP_DTR
Ground
PPP_RXD
PPP_TXD
PPP_CTS
PPP_RTS
98
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4) After logging into the CMI, select option 1 System Configuration from the Main Menu.
5) From the System Configuration menu select option 1 Radio Link and Desired
Configuration. The following screen will be displayed.
6) Select option 1 Configure Maximum Channel Bandwidth and use the space bar to
select the 7, 14, or 28 MHz option. Then press the Enter key.
7) Next select a slot number to configure and press the Enter key. Use the spacebar to select
the UIB type that is being enabled in that particular slot and press the Enter key again.
Perform this step for all slots being configured, then select [Apply changes] or press the
A key.
8) If the Link Configuration Status displays Valid Link Configuration <Desired>
proceed with the next step of this procedure.
If it displays Unpacked Frame Slot Assignment select option 6 UIB Tributary Desired
Configuration and press Enter. Select option 5 Repack AMUX Frame Slot
Assignments and use the spacebar to toggle to the Repack Now option then press Enter.
Select [Apply changes] or press the A key. Then select [Back] or press the B key to
return to the UIB Desired Configuration screen.
9) From the UIB Desired Configuration screen select the [Next] option. The Radio Link
Desired Configuration window will be displayed.
10) Input the desired Link ID and ODU Channel then select [Apply changes] or press the
A key.
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11) Select option 4 Activate Link Configuration. Confirm the configuration activation by
selecting option 2 Yes. The radio terminal should now be properly configured. The
above procedure must be performed on both ends of the radio link. This configuration
will now become the Active Link Configuration.
12) The Active Link Configuration can then be accessed by selecting option 1 System
Configuration, from the Main Menu of the CMI and then selecting option 2 Radio Link
and UIB Active Configuration.
Detailed active UIB configurations are outline in the following subsections for each UIB type.
15.2 4xE1, 120 UIB
This UIB consist of four E1 tributaries. Each individual tributary utilizes a 120 RJ-45 interface.
The pin outs for this UIB are shown in Table 22.
Table 22. 4xE1, 120
UIB Pin Out
Tributary 1 - 4
Pin #
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Signal Name
RT
RR
Not Used
TT
TR
Not Used
Ground
Ground
15.3 4xE1, 75
UIB
This UIB consist of four E1 tributaries. Each tributary contains two 75 MID 1.2/2.3
connectors. One connector is used for transmit and is labeled TX. The other connector is used for
receive and is labeled RX. The UIB label provides a number for each of the four tributaries.
Table 23 gives further information on how each tributary is to be connected to external
equipment.
Table 23. 4xE1, 75
UIB Pin Outs
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Tributary #
1-4
Connector
Signal Description
RX
TX
Tributary
#
Connector
Signal Description
TX
1
RX
Tributary #
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Connector
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Signal Description
102
TX
1
RX
UIB Type
Slot 1
UIB Type
Slot 2
UIB Type
Slot 3
UIB Type
Slot 4
2xE1
Throughput per
10/100BT Bridge
UIB
>8 Mbit/s
>4 Mbit/s
10/100BT
10/100BT
14
10/100BT
10/100BT
10/100BT
10/100BT
4xE1
-
>8 Mbit/s
>8 Mbit/s
>16 Mbit/s
10/100BT
10/100BT
10/100BT
10/100BT
10/100BT
4xE1
10/100BT
10/100BT
10/100BT
-
4xE1
4xE1
10/100BT
10/100BT
-
4xE1
4xE1
4xE1
10/100BT
-
>8 Mbit/s
>8 Mbit/s
>8 Mbit/s
>8 Mbit/s
>34Mbit/s
28
If a radio link is configured for a 7 MHz RF channel and a single 10/100BT Bridge is the only
one enabled, all available throughput is allocated to that UIB. If two E1 tributaries are enabled
then the Ethernet UIB throughput will be reduced to accommodate the additional PDH data
while still operating in the 7 MHz channel. In this configuration throughput is first allocated to
the PDH interfaces and all remaining bandwidth is assigned to the 10/100BT Bridge UIB. If
more than one 10/100BT Bridge is enabled then the remaining data rate will be divided equally
between the two.
15.6.1 10/100BT Bridge UIB LED Descriptions and Interface Pin Outs
This UIB consist of one 10/100BaseT Ethernet port that utilizes an RJ-45 connector. The pin
outs for this interface are shown in Table 27.
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RJ-45
Female
Pin #
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Signal
Name
RX+
RXTX+
Not Used
Not Used
TXNot Used
Not Used
Crossover Cable
1 Rx+
3 Tx+
1 Tx+
1 Rc+
2 Rc-
6 Tx-
2 Tx-
2 Rc-
3 Tx+
1 Rc+
3 Rc+
3 Tx+
6 Tx-
2 Rc-
6 Rc-
6 Tx-
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1) Establish a connection to the CMI using the steps outlined in section 9.1 Connecting to
the Console Port or by establishing a Telnet session to the PPP or Ethernet Management
ports.
2) After logging into the CMI, select option 1 System Configuration from the Main Menu.
3) From the System Configuration menu select option 2 Radio Link and UIB Active
Configuration. Various radio link status information will be displayed. Select the [Next]
option or press the N key. Select [Next] option or press N key again.
4) Select option 1 UIB Tributary Active Configuration.
5) Select the slot number of the UIB being configured. The following screen will be
displayed for the 10/100BT Bridge UIB.
The configurable parameters displayed on this screen are described in detail below:
Speed/Duplex This parameter determines the interface speed and duplex setting of the
10/100BT Bridge UIB. The following options are available for this parameter:
[Auto] This is the default mode of operation and allows the UIB interface to
auto-negotiate the speed and duplex with the external network device it is
attached to. The external network device must also be set to auto-negotiate for this
feature to operate properly.
[10/half] This mode forces the UIB interface into 10 BaseT half duplex mode of
operation.
[10/full] This mode forces the UIB interface into 10 BaseT full duplex mode of
operation.
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[100/half] This mode forces the UIB interface into 100 BaseT half duplex mode
of operation.
[100/full] This mode forces the UIB interface into 100 BaseT full duplex mode
of operation.
Flow Control This parameter is used to turn 802.3x flow control on or off or to allow
flow control to be automatically negotiated. [Auto] is the default value for this parameter.
6) To access detailed status information for the current tributary select [Status] or press the
S key. The following screen will be displayed.
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User Name: Enter a user name for the account. The user name will be required at the
Login: prompt when accessing the CMI, and is also case sensitive.
User Password: Enter in a password for the new account. The password must be
between 8 and 40 characters in length and may contain any combination of letters and
numbers. The password is not case sensitive.
Security Level: Select the appropriate security level for the new account. The choices
are Administrator, Maintenance, and View-only.
5) After configuring the above parameters select [Add] or press the A key for the new
account to be created.
16.6 Removing User Accounts
User accounts can be removed from the database by performing the following steps:
1) Log into the CMI using an Administrator level Login and Password. Maintenance
and Viewer level users are not allowed to delete user accounts.
2) From the Main Menu of the CMI select option 12 Account Administration.
3) Next, select option 4 Remove A User.
4) At the Remove User Account screen select option 1 User Name and press the Enter
key. Enter in the user name for the account being deleted and press the Enter key.
5) Select the [Delete] option and press Enter or press the D key as a shortcut. The
specified user will then be deleted from the database.
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17 SNMP CONFIGURATION
Each AIM-34 radio terminal contains an SNMP agent. Access to the agent is established using
the IP address assigned to the Ethernet Management Port or to the PPP interface. The following
subsections describe the steps used to add, delete, and view SNMP configurations:
17.1 SNMP Setup
The AIM-34 supports SNMPv2 and SNMPv3 versions. Before SNMP communication to the
radio can be established various parameters need to be configured. These parameters are
configured using the SNMP Configuration window, shown in Figure 54, of the CMI. Listed
below is a definition of each parameter available in the SNMP Configuration window:
Change SNMPV3 Initial MD5 Password This is the MD5 password field. This
parameter is only required if SNMPv3 authentication is being used.
Change SNMPV3 Initial SHA Password This is the SNMP Secure Hash Algorithm
(SHA) password used for authentication of SNMPv3, and is not required when using
SNMPv2.
Restricts SNMPv2 and TELNET to TGTADDR This parameter is used to restrict
incoming SNMP request and Telnet sessions to the IP addresses specified in the list of
SNMP managers. If this parameter is set to [True] then incoming SNMP or Telnet
sessions to the radio will only be allowed if the IP address of the requestor is listed as a
defined manager. When set to [False] all external SNMP and Telnet request will be
allowed. However, even when set to [False] users are still required to provide the correct
SNMP community strings or CMI login/password to gain access to the radio.
SNMP Security Model: Provides the ability to select the SNMPv2 or SNMPv3 security
models. If SNMPv3 is selected then the MD5 and SHA passwords must also be
configured and a reboot of the radio terminal is required for the new settings to take
place.
Read Community String: A read community string is used to authenticate an incoming
GET request from an SNMP management station. This item is used to configure the
SNMP read community string and should be set to match the read community string used
by the SNMP management station.
Write Community String: A write community string is used to authenticate incoming
SET request from an SNMP management station. This menu item is used to configure
the SNMP write community string and should also be set to match the write community
string used by the SNMP management station.
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Forward Traps To This Manager This parameter can be toggled to either True or
False. When True is selected, traps generated by the AIM-34 SNMP agent will be sent to
the management station specified by the Manager IP Address parameter.
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1) Select option 3, SNMP Setup from the CMI Main menu. The SNMP Setup window
is displayed.
2) Select option 4, Delete SNMP Manager. The Delete SNMP Manager window
(Figure 57) is displayed.
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The radio terminal can be rebooted from the CMI using the following steps:
1) Select option 8, System Reboot Options from the CMI Main menu. The System Reboot
Option window (Figure 58) is displayed.
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Signal Name
Alarm_1_COM
Alarm_1_NO
Alarm_1_NC
Alarm_2_COM
Alarm_2_NO
Alarm_2_NC
Alarm_3_COM
Alarm_3_NO
Alarm_3_NC
10
Alarm_4_COM
11
Alarm_4_NO
12
Alarm_4_NC
13
Alarm_5_COM
14
Alarm_5_NO
15
Alarm_5_NC
The N/O and N/C naming conventions for the relay pin outs reflect the normal
operating state where all relays are energized by software at power up. When
alarms are detected or the system is powered down the alarm relays will be
asserted.
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Signal Name
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
FP_INPUT_1
FP_INPUT_2
FP_INPUT_3
FP_INPUT_4
10
FP_INPUT_5
11
Ground
12
Ground
13
Reserved
14
5 VDC
15
5 VDC
19.3 Controlling Alarm Out Relays and Viewing the Digital IN Status
Each of the five alarm relay outputs can be controlled using the External Alarm and Alarm Status
window, shown in Figure 59, of the CMI. This window also provides the status of the five TTL
inputs.
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12345678
Pin #
Signal Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
SOW_TXC+ (CLOCK)
SOW_TXC- (CLOCK)
SOW_TXD+ (DATA)
SOW_TXD- (DATA)
SOW_RXC+ (CLOCK)
SOW_RXC- (CLOCK)
SOW_RXD+ (DATA)
SOW_RXD- (DATA)
123456
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Pin #
Signal Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
Not Used
RXD (RX DATA)
TXD (TX DATA)
Not Used
Ground
Not Used
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123456
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Pin #
Signal Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
VOW_Call_In
MIC +
EAR +
EAR MIC Ground
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The system date and time is used to stamp alarms in the event log with information pertaining to
when the alarm occurred. This provides useful information when evaluating the event log on
systems that have intermittent alarms. The system date and time can be configured manually or
it can be configured to periodically synchronize the clock to an external timeserver. This feature
is also referred to as the Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP). In order for the timeserver
feature to work, the Ethernet Management Port must be connected to a network or to the Internet
where a valid timeserver can be reached.
21.1 Manual Configuration of the System Date & Time
If the Ethernet Management Port is not connected to a network or a valid timeserver is not
accessible, the system date and time can be configured manually using the following steps:
1) Select option 1, System Configuration from the CMI Main menu.
Configuration window is displayed.
The System
2) Select option 7, System Date And Time menu. The System Date And Time window
(Figure 60) is displayed.
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4) Configure each of the individual date and time settings by highlighting the desired
parameter and pressing the Enter key. Enter the desired value and press the Enter
key.
5) After configuring each of the date and time parameters, select option 7, Submit
Manual Time Set. When the SetNow option is displayed press the Enter key.
6) Select the [Apply changes] option. The new configuration will become active.
21.2 Using a Network Time Server
The system date and time can be configured to automatically synchronize with an SNTP time
server, using the following steps:
1) Select option 1, System Configuration from the CMI Main menu.
Configuration window is displayed.
2) Select option 7, System Date And Time.
displayed.
3) Select option 1, Timezone Setup.
displayed.
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4) Configure each of the parameters to match the Time Zone of the location where the radio
is being installed.
5) Select option 6, Submit Time Zone Information. Select the SetNow option.
6) Select the [Apply changes] option.
7) Exit the Time Zone Setup window by selecting the [Back] option. The System Date And
Time window is displayed.
8) Select option 2, SNTP Service Setup. The SNTP Service Setup window (Figure 63) is
displayed.
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9) Select option 1, SNTP Enable. Press the Spacebar to toggle true or false and press the
Enter key. The true option will enable the SNTP Client, and the false option will disable
the SNTP Client.
10) Select option 2, Time Server IP Address. Type in the IP address of a valid SNTP
timeserver and press the Enter key.
11) Select option 3, Time Server Refresh Rate. Enter in the desired refresh rate, in seconds,
that the clock will update and press the Enter key.
12) Select the [Apply changes] option. If the timeserver is accessible from the ENET
Management Port of the AIM-34 radio, the date and time will be automatically
configured. The system will begin polling the timeserver located at the specified Time
Server IP Address, at the interval specified by the Time Server Refresh Rate.
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22 SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION
Descriptive information about the radio terminal can be stored into the system configuration of
the radio terminal. This information is used to identify the system to a user when the radio
terminal is accessed remotely for management purposes. This information is also used for SNMP
identification of the radio SNMP agent.
The following steps can be used to enter system identification information into the radio
configuration:
1) Select option 1, System Configuration from the CMI Main menu.
Configuration window is displayed.
The System
3) Select option 1, sysName. Type in a desired name and press the Enter key.
4) Select option 2, sysContact. Type in the name of the system contact and press the
Enter key.
5) Select option 3, sysLocation. Type in the location of the radio system and press the
Enter key.
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6) Select the [Apply changes] option. The system identification information will be
stored in the radio configuration.
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Each AIM-34 radio terminal contains various software components that can be remotely
upgraded from the CMI. The software components are broken down into three separate
categories. These three categories and the software components contained within each category
are listed below:
IDU Software Components
Database Bank A
Database Bank B
AIM-34 AMUX Bank A
AIM-34 AMUX Bank B
AIM-34 CMUX Bank A
AIM-34 CMUX Bank B
AIM-34 IDU Processor Bank A
AIM-34 IDU Processor Bank B
AIM-34 HSFPGA Bank A
AIM-34 HSFPGA Bank B
UIB Drivers
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E3UIB
E1UIB120
E1UIB75
E1UIBEmpty
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3) Select option 1, File Type To Download. Select the file type to be downloaded and
press the Enter key again.
4) Select option 2, TFTP Server IP Address. Type in the IP address of the TFTP server
where the software upgrade resides and press the Enter key.
5) Select option 3, Filename To Download. Type in the name of the file being
downloaded from the TFTP server and press the Enter key.
6) Select option 4, Initiate Download. Use the Spacebar to toggle the true parameter and
press the Enter key.
7) Select the [Apply changes] option. The system will establish a session with the TFTP
server and download the specified software.
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44-0004
Description
IFL cable short
IFL cable open
IFL cable exceeds maximum length
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Description
iduPeerChannelFault
cmuxRecPllLockFault
iduSoftwareFault
processorInitStatus
uibIdentificationFault
uibDriverProgrammingFault
Description
ifSynthFault
IF synthesizer fault.
rxSynthFault
txSynthFault
oduIduCableFault
oduTelemetryFault
powerFault
oduTemperatureFault
oduFlagProblemsSummary
oduFlagPreWarningSummary
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Description of Alarm
cableSummaryFault
amuxFrameSyncFault
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Description of Alarm
berFault
rxSignalLevelFault
fecSyncFault
demodFault
iduTelemetryFault
diagnosticState
rfMuteStatus
Transmitter Muted.
txModulationTest
txContinuousWave
cmuxRxPllLockFault
cmuxTxPllLockFault
aggregateLoopback
LED Conditions
CBL
IDU
ODU
Link
Status
Off
Off
Off
Off
Off
Off/G
Factory Default
Unconfigured
Off
Normal Operation
Normal Operation
when the Ethernet
Management Port is
not connected to a
network
No Power Applied
Off/G
Potential hardware
fault from within the
ODU
Off/G
Potential hardware
fault from within the
IDU
Off/G
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Fresnel proprietary
Fault Cause
All LEDs will remain off until power is applied
to the IDU and the On/Off switch has been turned
on. Check to make sure the DC power being
supplied to the unit meets the input voltage
specifications.
This indication normally means that the link is
unconfigured and is at the factory default
settings.
None
If the Ethernet Management port is connected to
a network, or workstation and the ENET
summary LED remains off, make sure the proper
cable is being used to connect to the network.
A hard fault indication from within the ODU that
would imply an internal hardware fault. Such
alarms could include Synthesizer/PLO lock alarm
etc. This alarm normally causes the link alarm to
turn red.
A hard fault indication from within the IDU. This
alarm can be caused by faulty UIBs, IDU PSU
alarms, boot test failures, etc. This alarm will also
cause the link alarm to turn red.
When this LED is red with no other summary
alarms present the link between the local and
remote radio is in a non-operational state. The
various items that can cause the link alarm are
high link BER, low RSL, misaligned antennas.
132
LED Conditions
CBL
IDU
ODU
ENET
Off/G
Link
Status
Fault Cause
A cable open or cable short alarm is present on
the IFL coaxial cable that interconnects the IDU
and ODU. This alarm can be caused by faulty
terminations of the IFL connectors, a damaged
IFL cable, or water intrusion into the IFL cable or
connectors. Use an Ohm meter to troubleshoot
the cable open or short.
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Loopback Name
Description
All local UIB tributary inputs are looped back to the local
UIB tributary outputs at the CMUX. Success of this
loopback proves the functionality of the following radio link
components:
Local UIBs, Local IDU
All local UIB tributary inputs are looped back to the remote
UIB tributary outputs at the CMUX. Success of this
loopback proves the functionality of the following radio link
components:
Local IFL, Local ODU, Remote ODU, Remote IFL, Remote
IDU, Remote UIBs
All local UIB tributary inputs are looped back to the local
tributary outputs. Success of this loopback proves the
functionality of the following radio link components:
Local UIBs, Local IDU, Local IFL, Local ODU CMUX.
All local UIB tributary inputs are looped back to the local
UIB tributary outputs. Success of this loopback proves the
functionality of the following radio link components:
Local UIBs, Local IDU, Local IFL
All remote UIB tributary inputs are looped back to the
remote UIB tributary outputs. Success of this loopback
proves the functionality of the following radio link
components:
Remote UIBs, Remote IDU, Remote IFL, Remote ODU,
Radio Path and Antennas
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The
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The
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8 GHz
13 GHz
15GHz
17 GHz
18 GHz
23 GHz
26 GHz
38 GHz
Frequency Range
7.1 7.7
7.7 8.5
12.75 13.25
14.4
15.35
17.3 17.7
17.7-19.7
21.2 23.6
24.5 26.5
37.0 39.5
ITU-R Frequency
Plan
F.385-6
F.386-6
F.497-6
F.636-3
F.595-6
F.637-3
F.748-3
F.749-1
Channel Spacing
Frequency Stability
TX Power Output
+26 dBm
+26 dBm
+21 dBm
+21 dBm
+23 dBm
+21 dBm
+23 dBm
+23 dBm
+19 dBm
+26 dBm
+26 dBm
30 dB
30 dB
40 dB
40 dB
40 dB
40 dB
50 dB
50 dB
50 dB
-76.5 dBm
(std Power)
TX Power Output
(high power)
TX Adjustment Range
Residual B.E.R.
RX Overload for
1x10-6 BER.
-15 dBm
RX Sensitivity for
1x10-6 BER
7MHz B/W
-82.0 dBm
-81.0 dBm
-81.0 dBm
-81.0 dBm
-81.0 dBm
-80.0 dBm
-80.5 dBm
-79.0 dBm
14MHz B/W
-79.0 dBm
-78.0 dBm
-78.0 dBm
-78.0 dBm
-77.0 dBm
-77.5 dBm
-76.0 dBm
-73.5dBm
28MHz B/W
-76.0 dBm
-75.0 dBm
-75.0 dBm
-75.0 dBm
-74.0 dBm
-74.5 dBm
-73.0 dBm
-70.5 dBm
Antenna Sizes
30cm - 120cm available with integral ODU mount in most frequency bands. Other sizes available on request.
PDH CAPACITIES:
1 to 4 x 4E1 (4 to 16 x 2.048 Mbps)
1 to 4 x 1E2 (1 to 4 x 8.448Mbps)
1 x 1E3 (34.368Mbps)
Any combination of PDH and Ethernet data rates to 34
Mbps
ETHERNET CAPACITIES:
1 to 4 x 10.100BTX Ethernet
8.4 Mb throughput in 7 MHz B/W
17 Mb throughput in 14 MHz B/W
34 Mb throughput in 28 MHz B/W
Any combination of PDH and Ethernet data rates to 34
Mbps
PHYSICAL INTERFACES:
E1 75 Unbalanced coax
E1 120 Balanced - RJ45
E2 75 Unbalanced BNC
E3 75 Unbalanced - BNC
10/100BaseT Ethernet RJ45
NETWORK MANAGEMENT:
Embedded SNMP; standard, Ethernet,
enterprise and private MIBs, Telnet,
TFTP over Ethernet, PPP over RS232
Console (CMI)
AUXILIARY CHANNELS:
Engineering Orderwire
300 3400 Hz
Asynchronous Data Channel
RS232, 9600 Baud
Synchronous Data Channel
RS-422, 64 Kbps
EXTERNAL ALARM I/O:
Five form C relay outputs
Five TTL inputs
44-0004
POWER REQUIREMENTS:
Input Voltage: 19.2 to 72 VDC
Consumption: 45 55 watts*
*depending on UIB configuration
IDU TO ODU INTERFACE:
One 50 coaxial cable
Distance: up to 300 meters
Connector: N type
REGULATORY
1995/5/EC R&TTE Directive
ENVIRONMENTAL:
Temperature Range:
ODU:
-33oC to +60oC (EN 300 019, Class 4.1)
IDU/RIU: -10oC to +55oC (EN 300 019, Class 3.2)
Humidity:
ODU:
All-weather operation
IDU/RIU: up to 95%, non-condensing
Altitude:
IDU, RIU and ODU: Up to 4,500 meters
MECHANICAL:
Dimensions: (H x W x D)
ODU:
292 x 292x 127mm
11.5 x 11.5 x 5
IDU/RIU: 45 x 445 x 254 mm
1.75 x 17.5 x 10 (1RU 19 Rack)
Weight:
ODU:
5.2 Kg (11.4 lbs)
IDU/RIU: 2.5 kg (5.5 lbs)
Specifications subject to change without notice.
Fresnel Wireless Systems, Ltd. reserves the right to change
features and specifications without notice or obligation.
AIM-34 is a trademark of Fresnel Wireless Systems, Ltd.. All
other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. All
rights reserved.
Fresnel proprietary
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Part Number
TX Frequency Range
RX Frequency Range
Tuning Step
Size (MHZ)
1L
27-0101-AF1L
7,428 7,512
7,582 7,666
1.75
2L
27-0101-AF2L
7,484 7,568
7,638 7,722
1.75
1H
27-0101-AF1H
7,582 7,666
7,428 7,512
1.75
2H
27-0101-AF2H
7,638 7,722
7,484 7,568
1.75
27-0102-AG1L
7,114 7,205
7,275 7,366
1.75
2L
27-0102-AG2L
7,184 7,275
7,345 7,436
1.75
1H
27-0102-AG1H
7,275 7,366
7,114 7,205
1.75
2H
27-0102-AG2H
7,345 7,436
7,184 7,275
1.75
27-0103-AG3L
7,414 7,505
7,575 7,666
1.75
4L
27-0103-AG4L
7,484 7,575
7,645 7,736
1.75
3H
27-0103-AG3H
7,575 7,666
7,414 7,505
1.75
4H
27-0103-AG4H
7,645 7,736
7,484 7,575
1.75
27-0103-AG5L
7,239 7,330
7,400 7,491
1.75
4L
27-0103-AG5L
7,309 7,400
7,470 7,561
1.75
3H
27-0103-AG6H
7,400 7,491
7,239 7,330
1.75
4H
27-0103-AG6H
7,470 7,561
7,309 7,400
1.75
3L
27-0103-AG7L
7,539 7,630
7,700 7,791
1.75
4L
27-0103-AG7L
7,609 7,700
7,770 7,861
1.75
3H
27-0103-AG8H
7,700 7,791
7,539 7,630
1.75
4H
27-0103-AG8H
7,770 7,861
7,609 7,700
1.75
7 GHz, 245 MHz T/R Spacing, ITU-R 385-6, Annex 4, +26 dBm
1L
27-0104-AH1L
7,428 7,540
7,673 7,785
1.75
2L
27-0104-AH2L
7,540 7,652
7,785 7,897
1.75
1H
27-0104-AH1H
7,673 7,785
7,428 7,540
1.75
2H
27-0104-AH2H
7,785 7,897
7,540 7,652
1.75
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Part Number
TX Frequency Range
RX Frequency Range
Tuning Step
Size (MHZ)
1L
27-0105-BA1L
8,279 8,335
8,398 8,454
1.75
2L
27-0105-BA2L
8,321 8,377
8,440 8,496
1.75
1H
27-0105-BA1H
8,398 8,454
8,279 8,335
1.75
2H
27-0105-BA2H
8,440 8,496
8,321 8,377
1.75
1L
27-0107-BE1L
8,196 8,283
8,347 8,434
11.662
2L
27-0107-BE2L
8,266 8,353
8,417 8,504
11.662
1H
27-0107-BE1H
8,347 8,434
8,196 8,283
11.662
2H
27-0107-BE2H
8,417 8,504
8,266 8,353
11.662
8 GHz, 311.32 MHz T/R Spacing, ITU-R 386-6, Annex 1, +26 dBm
1L
27-0106-BC1L
7,733 7,852
8,045 8,163
29.65
2L
27-0106-BC2L
7,852 7,970
8,163 8,281
29.65
1H
27-0106-BC1H
8,045 8,163
7,733 7,852
29.65
2H
27-0106-BC2H
8,163 8,281
7,852 7,970
29.65
Part Number
TX Frequency Range
RX Frequency Range
Tuning Step
Size (MHZ)
1L
27-0108-CI1L
12,751 12,863
13,017 13,129
1.75
2L
27-0108-CI2L
12,863 12,975
13,129 13,241
1.75
1H
27-0108-CI1H
13,017 13,129
12,751 12,863
1.75
2H
27-0108-CI2H
13,129 13,241
12,863 12,975
1.75
1L
27-0108-CI1L-HP
12,751 12,863
13,017 13,129
1.75
2L
27-0108-CI2L-HP
12,863 12,975
13,129 13,241
1.75
1H
27-0108-CI1H-HP
13,017 13,129
12,751 12,863
1.75
2H
27-0108-CI2H-HP
13,129 13,241
12,863 12,975
1.75
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Part Number
TX Frequency Range
RX Frequency Range
Tuning Step
Size (MHZ)
1L
27-0110-EJ1L
14,628 14,788
14,943 15,103
1.75
2L
27-0110-EJ2L
14,768 14,928
15,083 15,243
1.75
1H
27-0110-EJ1H
14,943 15,103
14,628 14,788
1.75
2H
27-0110-EJ2H
15,083 15,243
14,768 14,928
1.75
1L
27-0110-EJ1L-HP
14,628 14,788
14,943 15,103
1.75
2L
27-0110-EJ2L-HP
14,768 14,928
15,083 15,243
1.75
1H
27-0110-EJ1H-HP
14,943 15,103
14,628 14,788
1.75
2H
27-0110-EJ2H-HP
15,083 15,243
14,768 14,928
1.75
27-0111-EL1L
27-0111-EL2L
27-0111-EL3L
27-0111-EL4L
27-0111-EL1H
27-0111-EL2H
27-0111-EL3H
27-0111-EL4H
14,501 14,620
14,606 14,725
14,697 14,830
14,809 14,928
14,921 15,040
15,026 15,145
15,117 15,250
15,229 15,348
14,921 15,040
15,026 15,145
15,117 15,250
15,229 15,348
14,501 14,620
14,606 14,725
14,697 14,830
14,809 14,928
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
27-0111-EL1L-HP
14,501 14,620
14,921 15,040
1.75
2L
27-0111-EL2L-HP
14,606 14,725
15,026 15,145
1.75
3L
27-0111-EL3L-HP
14,697 14,830
15,117 15,250
1.75
4L
27-0111-EL4L-HP
14,809 14,928
15,229 15,348
1.75
1H
27-0111-EL1H-HP
14,921 15,040
14,501 14,620
1.75
2H
27-0111-EL2H-HP
15,026 15,145
14,606 14,725
1.75
3H
27-0111-EL3H-HP
15,117 15,250
14,697 14,830
1.75
4H
27-0111-EL4H-HP
15,229 15,348
14,809 14,928
1.75
27-0112-EM1L
14,403 14,522
14,893 15,012
1.75
2L
27-0112-EM2L
14,515 14,634
15,005 15,124
1.75
3L
27-0112-EM3L
14,627 14,746
15,117 15,236
1.75
4L
27-0112-EM4L
14,739 14,858
15,229 15,348
1.75
1H
27-0112-EM1H
14,893 15,012
14,403 14,522
1.75
2H
27-0112-EM2H
15,005 15,124
14,515 14,634
1.75
3H
27-0112-EM3H
15,117 15,236
14,627 14,746
1.75
4H
27-0112-EM4H
15,229 15,348
14,739 14,858
1.75
27-0112-EM1L-HP
14,403 14,522
14,893 15,012
1.75
2L
27-0112-EM2L-HP
14,515 14,634
15,005 15,124
1.75
3L
27-0112-EM3L-HP
14,627 14,746
15,117 15,236
1.75
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4L
27-0112-EM4L-HP
14,739 14,858
15,229 15,348
1.75
1H
27-0112-EM1H-HP
14,893 15,012
14,403 14,522
1.75
2H
27-0112-EM2H-HP
15,005 15,124
14,515 14,634
1.75
3H
27-0112-EM3H-HP
15,117 15,236
14,627 14,746
1.75
4H
27-0112-EM4H-HP
15,229 15,348
14,739 14,858
1.75
27-0113-EN1L
1H
27-0113-EN1H
14,501 14,697
15,145 15,341
1.75
15,145 15,341
14,501 14,697
1.75
27-0113-EN1L-HP
14,501 14,697
15,145 15,341
1.75
1H
27-0113-EN1H-HP
15,145 15,341
14,501 14,697
1.75
15 GHz, 728 MHz T/R Spacing, BAPT 211 ZV 018/15 GHZ, +21 dBm
1L
27-0114-EO1L
14,501 14,620
15,229 15,348
1.75
1H
27-0114-EO1H
15,229 15,348
14,501 14,620
1.75
15 GHz, 728 MHz T/R Spacing, BAPT 211 ZV 018/15 GHZ, +26 dBm
1L
27-0114-EO1L-HP
14,501 14,620
15,229 15,348
1.75
1H
27-0114-EO1H-HP
15,229 15,348
14,501 14,620
1.75
Part Number
TX Frequency Range
RX Frequency Range
Tuning Step
Size (MHZ)
1L
27-0125-MX1L
17,346 17,386
17,576 17,616
8.0
2L
27-0125-MX2L
17,423 17,463
17,653 17,693
8.0
1H
27-0125-MX1H
17,576 17,616
17,346 17,386
8.0
2H
27-0125-MX2H
17,653 17,693
17,423 17,463
8.0
Part Number
TX Frequency Range
RX Frequency Range
Tuning Step
Size (MHZ)
1L
27-0115-FB1L
18,580 18,640
18,700 18,760
2.5
2L
27-0115-FB2L
18,640 18,700
18,760 18,820
2.5
1H
27-0115-FB1H
18,700 18,760
18,580 18,640
2.5
2H
27-0115-FB2H
18,760 18,820
18,640 18,700
2.5
27-0116-FK1L
18,580 18,755
18,920 19,095
2.5
2L
27-0116-FK2L
18,700 18,925
19,040 19,265
2.5
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1H
27-0116-FK1H
18,920 19,095
18,580 18,755
2.5
2H
27-0116-FK2H
19,040 19,265
18,700 18,925
2.5
27-0117-FQ1L
17,706 18,223
18,716 19,233
6.875
2L
27-0117-FQ2L
18,167 18,684
19,177 19,694
6.875
1H
27-0117-FQ1H
18,716 19,233
17,706 18,223
6.875
2H
27-0117-FQ2H
19,177 19,694
18,167 18,684
6.875
27-0118-FP1L
17,713 18,071
19,328 19,686
6.875
1H
27-0118-FP2H
19,328 19,686
17,713 18,071
6.875
Part Number
TX Frequency Range
RX Frequency Range
Tuning Step
Size (MHZ)
1L
27-0119-GS1L
22,002 22,590
23,010 23,598
1.75
1H
27-0119-GS1H
23,010 23,598
22,002 22,590
1.75
23 GHz, 1200 MHz T/R Spacing, ITU-R 637-3, Annex 4, +23 dBm
1L
27-0120-GR1L
21,200 21,800
22,400 23,000
2.5
2L
27-0120-GR2L
21,800 22,400
23,000 23,600
2.5
1H
27-0120-GR1H
22,400 23,000
21,200 21,800
2.5
2H
27-0120-GR2H
23,000 23,600
21,800 22,400
2.5
27-0121-GV1L
21,224 21,784
22,456 23,016
1.75
2L
27-0121-GV2L
21,784 22,344
23,016 23,576
1.75
1H
27-0121-GV1H
22,456 23,016
21,224 21,784
1.75
2H
27-0121-GV2H
23,016 23,576
21,784 22,344
1.75
Part Number
TX Frequency Range
RX Frequency Range
Tuning Step
Size (MHZ)
1L
27-0122-IS1L
24,549 24,997
25,557 26,005
1.75
2L
27-0122-IS2L
24,997 25,445
26,005 26,453
1.75
1H
27-0122-IS1H
25,557 26,005
24,549 24,997
1.75
2H
27-0122-1S2H
26,005 26,453
24,997 25,445
1.75
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Part Number
TX Frequency Range
RX Frequency Range
Tuning Step
Size (MHZ)
1L
27-0123-LW1L
37,058 37,618
38,318 38,878
1.75
2L
27-0123-LW2L
37,618 38,178
38,878 39,438
1.75
1H
27-0123-LW1H
38,318 38,878
37,058 37,618
1.75
2H
27-0123-LW2H
38,878 39,438
37,618 38,178
1.75
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as an air-wound transformer and can couple magnetic energy from a nearby strike back into the
protected equipment.
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arrestors that are sourced locally, care should be used to procure one that meets the following
minimum criteria:
Frequency Range
Impedance
I/O Connectors
DC Pass Thru Voltage
Insertion Loss
Turn-On Voltage
VSWR
0 100 MHz
50 unbalanced
N Type Female
>60 VDC (the IFL cable supplies 48 VDC from the IDU to the ODU.
DC Blocked arrestors cannot be used.
<0.5 dB
Must be above 60 VDC, see DC Pass Thru above
1.1:1 or better
Installation of the surge arrestor typically means cutting the coax cable at the outside entry point
of the building, terminating the cable with the appropriate N type connectors, and connecting the
cables to the surge arrestor. A final connection from the surge arrestor to earth ground completes
the installation.
Indoor Unit The IDU must also be grounded to the building ground system. Typically the IDU
is installed in a relay rack that houses other equipment such as base stations, multiplexers, etc.
The equipment rack should be connected to earth ground. For installations where the IDU is not
mounted in a rack, i.e. wall, shelf, or desk mounted, the installer must locate a suitable earth
ground, and run a heavy gauge wire or copper strap from the ground location to the IDU.
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Note Figure D-5 below. On the upper right side of the IDU is an earth ground stud.
A crimp lug (not supplied with the radio) should be secured to one end of the ground wire. It is
recommended that a #12 AWG or heavier be used. Secure the ground wire lug to the IDU, and
secure the other end of the ground wire to the relay rack or building (in the case of no relay rack
installations) earth ground.
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IP connections to the local and remote radio terminals, using SNMP or Telnet applications,
require configuration of the local and remote Ethernet Management ports. Before these
connections can be established the following items must be configured properly:
Local Radio IP Configuration
Management Ethernet IP Address
Management Ethernet IP Mask
Default Management Gateway IP Address
Remote Radio IP Configuration
Management Ethernet IP Address
Management Ethernet IP Mask
Default Management Gateway IP Address
PC Configuration
IP Address
Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
The remaining subsections in this appendix outline the procedures used to perform the
configuration of the above parameters.
Example IP Configuration
Table 45 provides an example IP addressing configuration that can be used in the field to
establish IP connectivity between the local and remote radio terminals.
If the AIM-34 radio terminal is being connected to a network, for remote
management or SNMP connectivity, then users should substitute the example
IP address information with a configuration designed for the network being
attached to the radio.
Table 45. Example IP Configuration
Local Radio IP Configuration
44-0004
10.0.0.66
255.255.255.192
10.0.0.65
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10.0.0.130
255.255.255.192
10.0.0.129
Local PC Configuration
IP Address
10.0.0.65
Subnet Mask
255.255.255.192
Default Gateway
10.0.0.66
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menu] option to return to the Main menu of the CMI and proceed with the remaining
sections of this document.
Remote Radio IP Configuration (Step 3)
Configure the remote radio IP configuration using the steps performed in the Local Radio IP
Configuration (Step 2) portion of this document. However, the addressing information on the
remote radio is different than the configuration entered into the local radio. Substitute with the
appropriate addressing information or use the information contained in the example
configuration for the remote radio.
Configure the PC IP Addressing Information (Step 4)
This configuration step may vary depending on the PC operating system being used. For the
purposes of this document the steps listed below can be used to configure the IP Address
configuration of a PC that is running Windows 2000.
1) From the Main widow of the PC select Start >Settings > Control Panel.
2) From the Control Panel window double-click the Network and Dial-up Connections
icon. The Network and Dial-up Connections window is displayed.
3) Right click the Local Area Connection icon and select Properties. The Local Area
Connection Properties window (Figure 77) is displayed.
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4) Click the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) component. Once it is highlighted, click the
Properties button. The Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window is displayed.
5) Select the Use the Following IP address radio button. Enter the desired IP address,
Subnet Mask, and Default Gateway being assigned to the PC. The example
configuration addresses are shown in the figure below:
Disregard the DNS portion of the configuration window. This is not
required for communication with the AIM-34 radio.
6) Click the OK button. Some operating systems may require the PC to be rebooted
before the changes will take effect.
7) Connect the Ethernet port of the PC to the ENET management port on the IDU using
a cross over Ethernet cable. The ENET Summary LED should light green if the
proper cabling is used.
8) From the PC open a command prompt (DOS) window and type in the following
command: C:\>telnet 10.0.0.66
9) A Telnet session to the local radio CMI will open if the proper configuration has been
performed.
10) To access the Remote radio type the following command: C:\>telnet 10.0.0.130
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