Power Power

Stage Topology
Topologies
Reference
Guide
Quick
Reference
Guide
Markus Zehendner, Matthias Ulmann

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Buck
L1

Q1

D1

Ci

Duty
Cycle

D=

Vout + Vf
Vin+ Vf

L1

L1

Q1

Co

Boost

Ci

Q2

D=

Vout
Vin

Co

Inve
D1

Q1

Ci

D=

Vout + Vf - Vin
Vout + Vf

Q1 FET
Voltage

VQ1 = Vin + Vf

VQ1 = Vin

VQ1 = Vout + Vf

D1 Diode
Voltage

VD1 = Vin

VQ2 = Vin

VD1 = Vout

PWM

Q1 FET
Voltage

Q1 FET
Current

D1 Diode /
Q2 FET
Voltage

D1 Diode /
Q2 FET
Current

L1 Inductor
Current

L2 Inductor
Current

Synchronous Buck

Power Topologies Quick Reference Guide

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Co

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Inverting Buck - Boost

D1

Q1

Co

Ci

L1

D=

Sepic

-Vout + Vf
-Vout + Vf + Vin

L1

Co

Ci

D=

Cuk

C1

L1

D1

L2

Q1

Co

Vout + Vf
Vout + Vf + Vin

VQ1 = Vin + Vf - Vout

VQ1 = Vin + Vout + Vf +

VD1 = Vin - Vout

VD1 = Vin + Vout +

D=

VC1,ripple
2

VC1,ripple
2

Ci

Zeta

C1

Q1

L2

D1

Co

-Vout + Vf
-Vout + Vf + Vin

VQ1 = Vin - Vout + Vf +

VD1 = Vin - Vout +

Ci

D=

VC1,ripple
2

VC1,ripple
2

C1

Q1

L1

L2

Co

D1

Vout + Vf
Vout + Vf + Vin

VQ1 = Vin + Vout + Vf +

VD1 = Vin + Vout +

VC1,ripple
2

VC1,ripple

Np
C

Ns S
C

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Zeta

Fly - Buck

C1

D1

L2

D1

D4

Q2

D1

Co2
Ns

Co

D1

Np

Ns

Co

Ci

Q1

Np

Ns

Co

Ci
Np
Ci

Vout + Vf

Duty
Cycle

ut + Vf + Vin

ut + Vf +

Vout +

Two Switch Flyback

Flyback

VC1,ripple
2

VC1,ripple
2

Q1 FET
Voltage
D1 Diode
Voltage

Q2

D=

Q1

Co1

(Vout + Vf)

Vout_pri
D=

Vin

D3

Q1

(Vout + Vf)

D=

Vin + (Vout + Vf)

Duty
Cycle

s
N

Vin + (Vout + Vf)

s
N

VQ1 = Vin

VQ1 = Vin + (Vout + Vf)

N

VD1 = Vout_sec + (Vin-Vout_pri)

PWM

VQ1 =

Vin + (Vout + Vf)

2
N

VD1 = Vout + Vin

VD1 = Vout + Vin

Q1 FET
Voltage
D1 Diode
Voltage
D2 Diode
Voltage

PWM
Q1 FET
Voltage

FET Q1
Voltage
Q1 FET
Current

D1 Diode
Voltage

FET Q1
Current

Np
Primary
Current
D1 Diode
Current
Ns
Secondary
Current
Np Primary
Current

Ns Secondary
Current

Power Topologies Quick Reference Guide

Inductor L1
Current

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ch Flyback

Active Clamp Forward

Single Switch Forward

Two Switch Forward

ch Flyback

Active Clamp Forward

Single Switch Forward

Two Switch Forward

Q2

D1

L1

D1

L1

D4

D1

Q2

D1

L1

C1
Ns
Q2

Np

Co

Ns

Q2

D1

Ci

D1

C1

Q1
Ns

Np

Co

D2

Q1

L1

Q1

D2

s
N

out
f) +NVf)

pN

+V)
out
(Vout +f Vf)Ns

2
(Vout + Vf)

+ Vin
2

+ Vin

Duty
Cycle

D=

Duty
Cycle
Q1 FET
Voltage

D=

Q1 FET
D1
Diode
Voltage
Voltage
D1 Diode
D2
Diode
Voltage
Voltage
D2 Diode
Voltage

Np

Ci

L1

D3

Ns

D2

Ns
Q2

Q1
Np

D2

Co

D1

L1

Q1

Co

Np

Ci

D3

Q1

Co
D4

Nd

Co

D2
D1

Ci
D3

Ns

Ns

Ns

D2

Co

Ci

N
N

Np

Q2
Ci

f)

Nd

Co

(Vout + Vf)

Q1

D=

D=

VQ1 = Vin N
s
VD1 = Vclamp(1-D)

- Vf
N

VD2 = Vin

s Np

- Vf

- Vf

VD1 = (Vin + Vf)

VD2 = Vin

VQ1 = Vin +pVf

VQ1 = Vin + VNf
s
VD1 = (Vin + 2 Vf)
- Vf
N

- Vf
- Vf

VD1 = (Vin + 2 VNf)

VD2 = Vin

- Vf

VD2 = Vin

Duty
Cycle
Q1 FET
Voltage

s
N
Ns
d
N
p

Duty
Cycle

V
(Vin
out +NpVf)
Vin

VQ1 = 2 VNin + Vf
s
VD1 = (Vin + Vf)
- Vf

VD2 = Vin

D=

(Vout + Vf)
s

VQ1 = Vinp
(1-D)

VD1 = VclampN

D=

Vin
(Vout
+NpVf)

Vin
N
VQ1 = 2 Vin p+ Vf

N
s

Q1

Vin
(Vout
+NpVf)
Vin

D3

(Vout + Vf)

- Vf

- Vf

D1 Diode
Voltage
PWM

VD2 = Vin

- Vf

Q1 FET
D1
Diode
Voltage
Voltage

- Vf

PWM

PWM
PWM

FET Q1
Voltage
FET Q1
Voltage

FET Q1
Voltage
FET Q1
Voltage

FET Q1
Current
FET Q1
Current

FET Q1
Current
FET Q1
Current
Np
Primary
Current
Np
Primary
Current

Ns
Secondary
Current
Ns
Secondary
Current

Np1 Primary
Current
Np1 Primary
Current

Ns2
Secondary
Current
Ns2
Secondary
Current
Inductor L1
Current
Inductor L1
Current

Inductor L1
Current
Inductor L1
Current

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Two
ch Forward
Switch Forward

Push-PullPush-Pull
L1

D1

Q2

D4
D1

D3

L1

D1

D1

L1

Np2

Ns2

Np2

Co

Ns2

Np

D2

Ci

CoNs

D2

Np2

Ns1

Np1

Np

Ns1

Q1

Vout + Vf)
D=
N

Vin

(Vout + Vf)

Duty
Cycle

Ns2

Co

1
2

Q1

D2

(Vout + Vf)
(Vout + Vf1)

D=
N 2
N
s
s
Vin
Vin
N
N

Q1 FET
Voltage
s

- Vf

Q1 FET
Voltage

Duty
Cycle

D=

1
2

Q1 FET
Voltage

- Vf

Q1

Q2

Ns1

D2

Q1

Vout + Vf 1 Vout + Vf
D=

N 2
N
s
s
Vin
Vin
N
N
p

VQ1 = 2 Vin VQ1 = 2 Vin

N
s
D1 Diode D1 Diode
V
= 2 Vin VD1 =-2Vf Vin
N
Voltage Voltage D1
p

Duty
Cycle

Np1

D2
Ci

Q2

Q1 FET
VQ1 = V +
Voltage in

2VQ1 = V in
(V+
out2 + Vf)
N

(Vout + Vf)

D1 Diode D1 Diode
V
= 2 (Vout
VD1
+ V=f) 2 (Vout + Vf)
Voltage Voltage D1

Duty
Cycle

Duty
Cycle

Q1 FET
Voltage

Q1 FET
Voltage

D=

VD2
- V=f Vin

- Vf

PWM

PWM

PWM

PWM

FET Q1
Voltage

FET Q1
Voltage

FET Q1
Voltage

FET Q1
Voltage

FET Q1
Current

FET Q1
Current

FET Q1
Current

FET Q1
Current

Np1 Primary
Np1 Primary
Current Current

Np PrimaryNp Primary
Current Current

Ns2
Ns2
SecondarySecondary
Current Current

Ns
Ns
SecondarySecondary
Current Current

Inductor L1
Inductor L1
Current Current

Np1 Primary
Np1 Primary
Current Current

Ns1
Ns1
SecondarySecondary
Current Current

Power Topologies Quick Reference Guide

D1 Diode D1 Diode
V
=V
Voltage Voltage D1

D=

Ns1

Ci

D2 Q2

2VD1
Vf)= (Vin +- 2Vf Vf)

Duty
Cycle

= Vin + VV
f Q1 = Vin + Vf

Ci
Q1

Q2

Vin

Np2
Co

Np
Np1

Ci

D3

Ns

Ns2

Co
Np1

Q1

D1

Co
Ns

Ns

Half

D3

D1

Q2

L1

WeinbergWeinberg

PWM

PWM

Q1 FET
Voltage

Q1 FET
Voltage

Q1 FET
Current

Q1 FET
Current

Np PrimaryNp Primary
Current Current

Ns Secondary
Ns Secondary
Current & Current &
Diode D1 Diode D1
Current Current

Diode D1 Diode D1
Voltage Voltage

Inductor L1
Inductor L1
Current Current

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erg
nberg
berg
Weinberg
inberg

Phase Shifted
Phase
Phase
Shifted
Phase
Phase
Shifted
Shifted
Full
-Shifted
Bridge
Full
Full
- -Bridge
Bridge
Full
Full
- -Bridge
Bridge

Full - Bridge
Full
Full
- -Bridge
Bridge
Full
Full
- -Bridge
Bridge

Half - Bridge
Half
Half
- -Bridge
Bridge
Half
Half
- -Bridge
Bridge

D3
D3

D3

D3

D3

D1

D1

D1

D1

D1

D1

Q2

Q3
Q3

Q3

Q3

Q3

Q2

Q2

Q2 D1Q2 D1

Co
Ns2
Np2

Ns2
Np2

Ns2

Co

Ns2

Co

Co

Co

D2
Ns1
Np1

D2

Ns1

D2

Ns1

Q1

Ci

Ci Np

Ci

Np

Np

D2

L1

L1

D2

Q4
Q4

Q1
Q4

Q4

Q1

Q1

Co
Ns1

Ns1

Ns2

Ns2

Co

Co

Co

Co

Np Ns2
Ns2 Ns2

Q4
Q1

Ns1 Ns1

Np

Ci
Ci

Ns1
Np1

L1
D1 L1 D1L1

Ns1

D2
Q1 D2Q1 D2

D2

D2

Q1

+VV
fV+
+out
Vout
+f Vf
ut
out
fV+f V
N
s NsNs Ns Ns

V V V
in
N in
in
pN N N

N
p p p p

N N N
p p p p

Vout
(V
out
(V +
V)out
)+f)V
2 2(V out
(V+
(V
+f)Vf)
f+
out
fV

N N N
s s s s

(V2
+out
V
)+f)V
2=out
(VV
(V
+f)Vf)
+out
) out
fV
ut
f+

Duty
Duty
Duty
Duty
Duty
Cycle
Cycle
Cycle
Cycle
Cycle

+V+
VVf+ V+ V
out
VVout
Vout
Vout
V+out
f f f f
DD
D
== =D =
D= N
NN
ssNsNs
s
VVin
V N
V
in inVin
in
NpN
ppNpNp

Q1
FET
Q1
Q1
FET
FET
Q1
Q1FET
FET
Voltage
Voltage
Voltage
Voltage
Voltage

VVQ1
VQ1
VVin
V
V==
V=
=inV
=inVin
Q1
in
Q1
Q1

D1
D1
Diode
Diode
D1
D1Diode
Diode
D1
Diode
Voltage
Voltage
Voltage
Voltage
Voltage

NNN N N
ss s s s
VD1
V V= V
=Vin
V=V
= Vin
--V-VV- V- V
D1
NNpNpN Nf f f f f
D1D1=D1
inin in
p pp

V+ V
out
VVout
+V+
V+
out
1 11V1
fV+f fV
1 Vout
f f
out
D
=
DD
==
D=
D =
2 22 2 2 N NNs
NN
s
s
s
s
V VVin
V N
in inVin
Npin
Npp
NpNp

(Transformer)
V
VfV (Transformer)
(Transformer)
(Transformer)
(Transformer)
Vout
Vout
Vout
V+ +
V+out
V+
out
f +f V
f f
V

L
N
D
=
V=VLin
VL LpLN N N sN
DD
= =D V=
Din
in in
p in
p p ps s s s
N
Lsh
N
L L LLLpLL+ L
LNpNpNpp
p
p+
p +psh
+psh+sh
sh

V V= V
V VVQ1
V=V=
V= V=
Q1Q1
in inin
Q1Q1
in in

V=Q1
VQ1
VQ1
Vin
V= Vin
V=
Vin
Q1in=in

N NNN N
s ss s s
V V V= V
=
2= 22
VV - V-f-V-Vf V-f Vf
=V 2=V 2
D1D1D1
D1 inVin
in N N f
in in
NN
pNpp
pp

VL V
L L LN N N
2 2V2in
2Vin
2
p in
p p ps s NssNs
in
-V
V V VV= V
= == =
- V-fV-f-VV
ff f
D1D1D1
D1D1
L L+L+
L LL+ L+ L N N N
N
p p ps ps s s p pNpp
p
(Transformer)
(Transformer)
(Transformer)
(Transformer)
(Transformer)

PWM
PWM
PWM
PWM
PWM

Q1
FET
Q1Q1
FET
Q1FET
FET
Q1
FET
Voltage
Voltage
Voltage
Voltage
Voltage

Q1
FET
Q1Q1
FET
Q1FET
FET
Q1
FET
Current
Current
Current
Current
Current

Np
Primary
Np
Primary
Np
Np
Primary
Primary
Current
Current
Current
NpCurrent
Primary
Current

Ns
Secondary
NsNs
Secondary
NsSecondary
Secondary
Current
&& & &
Current
Current
Current
Ns Secondary
Diode
D1
Diode
D1D1
Diode
Diode
D1
Current
&
Current
Current
Current
Current
Diode D1
Current
Diode
D1D1
Diode
D1
Diode
Diode
D1
Voltage
Voltage
Voltage
Voltage
Diode D1
Voltage

Inductor
Inductor
L1L1L1L1
Inductor
Inductor
Current
Current
Current
Current
Inductor L1
Current

Power Topologies Quick Reference Guide

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