Main Principles of Pumps Selection

1/4/2017
Mainprinciplesofpumpsselection.Calculationofpumps
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Mainprinciplesofpumpsselection
Processanddesignrequirements
Natureofpumpedmedium
Keydesignparameters
Fieldsofpumpsapplication(selection)accordingtothecreatedhead
Fieldsofpumpsapplication(selection)accordingtothecapacity
Keydesignparametersofpumps(performancecapacity,head,power)
Capacitycalculationsfordifferenttypesofpumps.Formulas
Pistonpumps
Gearpumps
Screwpumps
Centrifugalpumps
Calculationofpumphead
Calculationofpumppowerconsumption
Extremesuctionhead(forcentrifugalpump)
Examplesofproblemsandsolutionsforcalculationandselectionofpumps
calculationofplungerpumpvolumetricefficiency
calculationofrequiredpowerfortwopistonpumpelectricmotor
calculationofthevalueofthreepistonpumpheadloss
calculationofscrewpumpvolumetricefficiency
calculationofcentrifugalpumphead,flowrateandusefulcapacity
calculationofexpediencyofusingcentrifugalpumpforwaterpumping
calculationofwheel(gear)pumpdeliverycoefficient
determinationofwhetherthisparticularpumpmeetsrequirementsforstartingtorque
calculationofcentrifugalpumpusefulcapacity
calculationofextremeincreaseofpumpflowrate
Mainprinciplesofpumpsselection
Selectionofthepumpingequipmentisacrucialpointthatdeterminesbothprocessparametersandinuse
performanceoftheunitunderdevelopment.Duringselectionofthetypeofpumpthreegroupsofcriteria
canbedistinguished:
1)Processanddesignrequirements
2)Natureofpumpedmedium
3)Keydesignparameters
Processanddesignrequirements:
Insomecasesthepumpselectionisdeterminedbysomestringentrequirementsforanumberofdesignor
processparameters.Unlikepistontypepumps,centrifugalpumpscanprovideuniformdeliveryofpumped
medium,whereasinordertomeetuniformityconditiononapistontypepumpitsdesignhastobemade
noticeablycomplicated,byarrangingonthecrankshaftseveralpistonsmakingreciprocatingmovements
withcertaindelayfromeachother.Atthesametime,deliveryofpumpedmediumindiscreteportionsof
setvolumecanalsobeaprocessrequirement.Exampleofdefinitivedesignrequirementscanbetheuseof
submergedpumpsincases,whenitisnecessaryandonlypossibletoinstallthepumpbelowlevelofthe
pumpedfluid.
Thepumpprocessanddesignrequirementsareseldomdefinitive,andrangesofsuitabletypesofpumpsfor
variousspecificcasesofapplicationareknownasamatterofexperienceaccumulatedbyhumanity,and
thereisnoneedtoenumeratethemindetail.
http://www.encepumps.ru/eng/podbor_raschet_nasosov.php#pump_plunger_volumetric_efficiency_calculation
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Natureofpumpedmedium:
Characteristicsofthepumpedmediumoftenbecomeadecisivefactorinpumpingequipmentselection.
Differenttypesofpumpsaresuitableforpumpingofvariousmediadifferinginviscosity,toxicity,
abrasivenessandmanyotherparameters.Soscrewpumpscanpumpviscousmediawithdifferentinclusions
withoutdamagingstructureofthemedium,andcansuccessfullybeusedinfoodprocessingindustryfor
pumpingofjamsandpasteswithvariousfillers.Corrosionpropertiesofthepumpedmediumdetermine
materialdesignoftheselectedpump,andtoxicitydegreeofitsairtightness.
Keydesignparameters:
Operationalrequirementsspecifiedbydifferentindustriescanbesatisfiedbyseveraltypesofpumps.Inthe
situationlikethispreferenceisgiventothetypeofpumpwhichismostsuitableunderconcretevaluesof
keydesignparameters(capacity,headandpowerconsumption).Tableswhichingeneraltermsreflect
applicationboundariesofmostwidespreadtypesofpumpsaregivenbelow.
Fieldofapplication(selection)ofpumpsbythecreatedhead
Under10m
From10
From100
From1,000
From10,000mand
to100m
to1,000m
to10,000m
over
Multistage
centrifugalpumps
Onestagecentrifugalpumps
Axialflowpumps(headisupto2030
m)
Pistonpumps
Screwpumps
Vortexpumps
Plungerpumps
From100
to1,000m3/h
From1,000
to10,000m3/h
From10,000m3/h
andover
Fieldsofapplication(selection)ofpumpsbycapacity
From10
t100m3/h
Under10m3/h
Onestagecentrifugalpumps
Multistagecentrifugalpumps
Axialflowpumps
Pistonpumps
Screwpumps
Plungerpumps
Vortexpumps
Onlythepumpwhichcorrespondstoallthreegroupsofcriteriacanguaranteelongtermandreliable
operation.
Keydesignparametersofpumps
Regardlessofdiversityofmachinesusedforpumpingoffluidsandgases,anumberofkeyparameters
definingtheirfunctioning:capacity,powerconsumptionandheadcanbesingledout.
Capacity(delivery,flowrate)volumeofmediumpumpedbyapumpperunitoftime.Itisdenotedby
letterQandhasdimensioninm3/h,l/s,etc.Flowratequantityincludesonlyfactualvolumeofdisplaced
fluidignoringreturnleakages.Thetheoreticalandfactualflowrateratioisexpressedbyvolumetric
efficiencyquantity:
Butinmodernpumpsthankstoreliablesealingofpipelinesandjointsthefactualcapacitycoincideswith
theoretical.Inthemajorityofcasesapumpisselectedfortheparticularpipelinesystemandflowratevalue
issetinadvance.
Headenergyimpartedbypumptothepumpedmediumandattributedtounitofpumpedmediummass.
ItisdenotedbyletterHandhasdimensioninmeters.Itshouldbeclarifiedthattheheadisnotgeometrical
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characteristicandisnottheheighttowhichapumpcanliftpumpedmedium.
Powerconsumption(shaftpower)powerconsumedbypumpduringoperation.Powerconsumptiondiffers
frompumpusefulcapacityconsumeddirectlyforimpartingofenergytothepumpedmedium.Partof
consumedpowercanbelostduetoleakages,bearingsfriction,etc.Performancefactordeterminesratio
betweenthesequantities.
Calculationofthesecharacteristicmayvaryfordifferenttypesofpumps,whichisassociatedwith
differencesintheirdesignandoperatingprinciples.
Calculationofperformancecapacityfordifferentpumps
Theentirediversityoftypesofpumpscanbedividedintotwomaingroupswithcalculationofperformance
capacityhavingfundamentaldistinctions.Byoperatingprinciplethepumpsaresubdividedintononpositive
displacementandpositivedisplacementpumps.Inthefirstcasemediumispumpedduetodynamicforces
thatinfluenceit,andinthelattercasethroughvariationofvolumeofpumpoperatingchamber.
Nonpositivedisplacementpumpsinclude:
1)Frictionpumps(vortex,augertype,disk,jetpumps,etc)
2)Impellerpumps(axialflow,centrifugal)
3)Electromagneticpumps
Positivedisplacementpumpsinclude:
1)Reciprocatingpumps(pistonandplunger,diaphragmpumps)
2)Rotarypumps
3)Impellerpumps
Formulausedincalculationofperformancecapacityformostwidelyusedtypesofpumpsisgivenbelow.
Formoredetailedinformationon
pistonpumpssee:
Pistonpumps
Plungerpumps
Pistonpumps(positivedisplacementpumps)
Themainoperatingcomponentofthepistonpumpiscylinderinwhichpistonismoving.Thepiston
reciprocatesbymeansofcrankmechanism,thusprovidingconsistentvariationofoperatingchamber
volume.Inonecompleteturnofcrankfromtheendpointthepistonmakesfullforwardstroke(discharge)
andreversestroke(suction).Duringdischargeincylinderthepistoncreatesoverpressure,undertheaction
ofwhichsuctionvalveopensanddischargevalvecloses,andfluidbeingpumpedisdeliveredtothedelivery
pipeline.Duringsuctionreverseprocesstakesplace,duringwhichvacuumiscreatedincylinderthrough
pistonbackwardmovementdischargevalveclosespreventingreturnflowofpumpedfluid,andsuction
valveopensandcylinderisfilledthroughit.Realperformancecapacityofpistonpumpsissomewhat
differentfromtheoretical,whichisrelatedtoanumberoffactors,suchasfluidleakages,degassingofgases
dissolvedinpumpedfluids,delaysinopeningandclosingofvalves,etc.
Forsingleactingpistonpumptheflowrateformulawilllooklikethefollowing:
Q=FSnV
Qflowrate(m3/s)
Fpistoncrosssectionalarea,m2
Spistonstrokelength,m
nshaftrotationspeed,s1
Vvolumetricefficiency
Fordoubleactingpistonpumpperformancecapacityarithmeticformulawilllookslightlydifferent,whichis
relatedtoavailabilityofpistonrodreducingthevolumeofoneofthecylinderoperatingchambers.
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Q=FSn+(Ff)Sn=(2Ff)Sn
Qflowrate(m3/s)
Fpistoncrosssectionalarea,m2
frodcrosssectionalarea,m2
Spistonstrokelength,m
nshaftrotationspeed,s1
Withneglectofrodvolume,generalformulaofpistonpumpperformancecapacitywilllookinthefollowing
way:
Q=NFSnV
whereNnumberofactionsmadeinoneshaftrevolution.
Gearpumps(positivedisplacementpumps)
Formoredetailedinformation
aboutgearpumpssee:
Gearpumps
Incaseofgearpumpsroleoftheoperatingchamberisperformedbyspacelimitedbytwoadjacentteethof
gear.Twogearswithinternalorexternalengagementareinstalledinsidethebody.Pumpedmediumis
suckedintothepumpbyvacuumcreatedbetweengearsteethgoingoutofengagement.Teethtransfer
fluidinsidepumpbody,andthenitissqueezedtodischargepipeatthetimewhenteethengageagain.For
flowofpumpedfluidthegearpumpsareprovidedwithendandtoothtipclearancesbetweenbodyand
gears.
Gearpumpperformancecapacitycanbecalculatedinthefollowingway:
Q=2fznbV
Qgearpumpperformancecapacity,m3/s
fcrosssectionalareaofspacebetweenadjacentgearteeth,m2
znumberofgearteeth
bgeartoothlength,m
nteethrotationspeed,s1
Thereisalsoanalternativeformulaforcalculationofgearpumpperformancecapacity:
Q=2DmbnV
Qgearpumpperformancecapacity,m3/s
Dgearpitchdiameter,m
mpitchofagear,m
bgearwidth,m
ngearrotationspeed,s1
Screwpumps(positivedisplacementpumps)
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aboutgearpumpssee:
Screwpumps
Inpumpsofthistypemediumispumpedbymeansofscrewoperation(singlescrewpump),orseveral
screwsbeinginengagement,ifthequestionisofmultiscrewpumps.Profileofscrewsisselectedinaway
forthepumpinjectionzonetobeisolatedfromthesuctionzone.Thescrewsaremountedinsidethebodyin
suchwaythatduringtheiroperationenclosedspacezonesfilledwithpumpedmediumwereformedlimited
byoutlineofscrewsandbody,andmovingtowardsinjectionzone.
Singlescrewpumpperformancecapacitycanbecalculatedinthefollowingway:
Q=4eDTnV
Qscrewpumpperformancecapacity,m3/s
eeccentricity,m
Ddiameterofrotorscrew,m
pitchofstatorscrewsurface,m
nrotorrotationspeed,s1
Centrifugalpumps
aboutcentrifugalpumpssee:
Centrifugalpumps
Centrifugalpumpsareoneofthemostnumerousrepresentativesofnonpositivedisplacementpumpsthat
arewidelyused.Theworkingmemberofcentrifugalpumpsisputonshaftimpellerprovidedwithblades
enclosedbetweendisksandmountedinsidespiralshapedbody.
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Impellerrotationcreatescentrifugalforceaffectingthemassofpumpedmediainsidetheimpeller,and
impartstoitpartofkineticenergypassingthenintopotentialenergyofhead.Whenthishappensthe
vacuumcreatedintheimpellerprovidescontinuousdeliveryofpumpedmediumfromsuctionpipe.Itis
importanttonotethatbeforestartingoperationthecentrifugalpumpshouldbefirstfilledwiththepumped
medium,asotherwisesuctionforcewillnotbesufficientforproperpumpoperation.
Centrifugalpumpmayhavenotoneworkingmechanism,butseveral.Inthiscasethepumpiscalled
multistage.Intermsofdesignitisdistinguishedbyhavingseveralimpellersontheshaftatatime,and
fluidsuccessivelypassesthrougheachofthem.Havingoneandthesameperformancecapacitythe
multistagepumpwillcreategreaterheadasagainstsinglestagepumpanalogoustoit.
Centrifugalpumpperformancecapacitycanbecalculatedinthefollowingway:
Q=b1(D1Z)c1=b2(D2Z)c2
Qcentrifugalpumpperformancecapacity,m3/s
b1,2widthsofimpellerpassthroughdiametersD1andD2,m
D1,2inletexternaldiameter(1)andimpellerexternaldiameter(2),m
thicknessofblades,m
Znumberofblades
C1,2radialcomponentsofabsolutevelocitiesatimpellerinlet(1)anditsoutlet(2),m/s
Calculationofhead
Asitwasstatedabove,theheadisnotgeometricalcharacteristicandcannotbeidentifiedwithheightto
whichpumpedfluidhastobelifted.Therequiredheadvalueiscomposedofseveralsummands,witheach
ofthemhavingitsownphysicalsense.
Generalformulaofheadcalculation(diametersofsuctionanddischargepipesaretakenasequal):
H=(p2p1)/(g)+H+h
Hhead,m
p1intaketankpressure,Pa
p2receivingtankpressure,Pa
densityofthepumpedmedium,kg/m3
ggravityacceleration,m/s2
H geometricalheightofthepumpedmediumlift,m
hheadoverallloss,m
Thefirstofsummandsofheadcalculationformularepresentsdropofpressureswhichshouldbeovercome
intheprocessfluidpumping.Occasionally,pressuresp1andp2maycoincide,withheadcreatedbypump
spentonliftingfluidtocertainheightandovercomingtheresistance.
Thesecondsummandcharacterizesgeometricalheighttowhichthepumpedfluidhastobelifted.Itis
importanttonotethatduringdeterminationofthisquantitygeometryofpressurepipelinewhichmayhave
severalliftsandfallsisnottakenintoaccount.
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Thethirdsummandcharacterizesdropofcreatedheaddependingoncharacteristicsofthepipelinethrough
whichmediumispumped.Realpipelineswillinevitablyexhibitresistancetofluidflow.Inordertosurmount
itoneneedstohaveheadmargin.Totalresistanceiscomposedofpipelinefrictionlossesandlossesdueto
localresistances,likepipeturnsandbranches,gatevalves,passagewideningandcontraction,etc.Overall
pipelineheadlossesarecalculatedbytheformula:
H=H+H=(l)/d[w2/(2g)]+[w2/(2g)]=((l)/d+)[w2/(2g)]
H headoveralllossesmadeupofpipefrictionlossesH andlocalresistancelosses
frictioncoefficient
lpipelinelength,m
dpipelineequivalentdiameter,m
wflowrate,m/s
[w2/(2g)]velocityhead,m
sumofallcoefficientsoflocalresistances
Calculationofpumppowerconsumption
Severalkindsofpoweraresingledoutaccordingtotransmissionlossestakenintoaccountbydifferent
efficiencycoefficients.Powerspentdirectlyontransmissionofpumpedfluidenergyiscalculatedbythe
formula:
N=gQH
Nusefulpower,W
densityofthepumpedmedium,kg/m3
Qflowrate,m3/s
Htotalhead,m
Powerdevelopedonpumpshaftislargerthantheusefulone,anditsexcessisconsumedforcompensation
ofpumppowerlosses.Interrelationbetweenusefulpowerandshaftpowerissetbypumpefficiency.The
pumpefficiencyincludesleakagesthroughsealsandopenings(volumetricefficiency),lossesofheadwhile
pumpedmediumisflowinginsidepump(hydraulicefficiency),andfrictionlossesbetweenmovingpartsof
thepump,suchasbearingsandglands(mechanicalefficiency).
N=N/
Npoweronpumpshaft,W
Nusefulpower,W
pumpefficiency
Initsturn,powerdevelopedbymotorexceedstheshaftpower,whichisnecessarytocompensatefor
energylossesinitstransmissionfrommotortopump.Electricmotorpowerandshaftpowerarelinkedby
efficienciesoftransmissionandmotor.
N=N/()
Nmotorpowerconsumption,W
Nshaftpower,W
transmissionefficiency
motorefficiency
Finalmotorgeneratingcapacityiscalculatedfrommotorpowerwithregardtopotentialoverloadduring
startup.
N=N
Nmotorgeneratingcapacity,W
Nmotorpowerconsumption,W
powersafetymargin
Powersafetymargincanbetentativelyselectedfromthetablebelow:
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N,kW
Under1
From1to5
from5to50
Over50
21.5
1.51.2
1.21.15
1.1
Extremesuctionhead(forcentrifugalpump)
Centrifugalpumpsuctionoccursduetopressuredifferentialbetweenvesselfromwhichpumpedmediumis
taken,andimpellerblades.Excessiveincreaseofpressuredifferentialmayresultintheoccurrenceof
cavitationprocesswhenpressuredropsdowntovalueatwhichfluidboilingtemperaturelowersbelow
pumpedmediumtemperatureanditstartstoevaporateinflowspaceformingmultiplebubbles.Bubbles
arecarriedawaybystreamfurtherdownstreamwhereunderactionofbuildinguppressuretheyare
condensedandcollapse,accompaniedwithmultiplehydraulicshocksthatnegativelytellonpumpservice
life.Inordertoavoidnegativeinfluenceofcavitationthesuctionheadofcentrifugalpumphastobe
limited.
Geometricsuctionheadcanbedeterminedbytheformula:
h=(P0P1)/(g)hw/(2g)H
hgeometricsuctionhead,m
P0intaketankpressure,Pa
P1pressureoftheimpellerblades,Pa
pumpedmediumdensity,kg/m3
hlossesduetoovercomingsuctionpipelinehydraulicresistance,m
w/(2g)suctionpipelinevelocityhead,m
*Haddedresistancelossesproportionaltohead,m
wherecavitationfactor,Hheadcreatedbypump
Cavitationfactorcanbecalculatedbytheempiricalformula:
=[(nQ)/(126H4/3)]4/3
cavitationfactor
nimpellerrotationspeed,s1
Qpumpperformancecapacity,m3/s
createdhead,m
Thereisalsoformulaforcentrifugalpumpsforcalculationofheadmarginprovidingabsenceofcavitation:
H=0,3(Qn)2/3
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H headmargin,m
Qcentrifugalpumpperformancecapacity,m3/s
nimpellerrotationspeed,s1
Examplesofproblemsandsolutionsforcalculationandselectionof
pumps:
ExampleNo.1
Singleactionplungerpumpprovidespumpedmediumflowrateof1m3/h.Plungerdiameteris10cm,and
strokelengthis24cm.Workingshaftrotationspeedis40rpm.
Thepumpvolumetricefficiencyhastobefound.
Solution:
Plungercrosssectionalarea:
F=(d)/4=(3,140,1)/4=0,00785m2
Efficiencyisexpressedfromtheformulaofplungerpumpflowrate:
V =Q/(FSn)=1/(0,007850,2440)60/3600=0,88
ExampleNo.2
Doubleactiontwopistonpumpcreatesheadof160minpumpingoilhavingdensity920kg/m3.Piston
diameteris8cm,roddiameter1cm,andpistonstrokelengthequalsto16cm.Workingshaftrotation
speedequalsto85rpm.Itisnecessarytocalculaterequiredpowerofelectricmotor(pumpandelectric
motorefficiencyshouldbetakenas0.95,andadjustingcoefficient1.1).
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Solution:
Crosssectionalareasofpistonandrodare:
F=(3,140,08)/4=0,005024m
F=(3,140,01)/4=0,0000785m
Pumpperformancecapacityisfoundbytheformula:
Q=N(2Ff)Sn=2(20,0050240,0000785)0,1685/60=0,0045195m/h
Thenwefindpumpusefulpower:
N=9209,810,0045195160=6526,3W
Takenintoaccountefficiencyandadjustingcoefficientweobtainfinalinstalledpower:
N=6526,3/(0,950,95)1,1=7954,5W=7,95kW
ExampleNo.3
Threepistonpumpispumpingfluidwithdensityof1,080kg/m3fromopentanktovesselunderpressure
1.6barwithflowrateof2.2m3/hour.Geometricheadoffluidliftis3.2meters.Usefulpowerconsumedfor
fluidpumpingis4kW.Valueofheadlosshastobefound.
Solution:
Wefindheadcreatedbypumpfromtheformulaofusefulpower:
H=N/(gQ)=4000/(10809,812,2)3600=617,8m
Wesubstitutefoundheadvalueintheformulaoftheheadexpressedindifferenceofpressures,andfind
soughtquantity
h=H(p2p1)/(g)H=617,8((1,61)10 5)/(10809,81)3,2=69,6m
ExampleNo4
Realscrewpipeperformancecapacityis1.6m3/h.Pumpgeometricalcharacteristicsare:eccentricity2
cmrotordiameter7cmpitchofrotorscrewsurface14cm.Rotorrotationspeedequalsto15rpm.
Pumpvolumetricefficiencyhastobefound.
Solution:
Weexpresssoughtquantityfromtheformulaofscrewpumpperformancecapacity
V =Q/(4eDTn)=1,6/(40,020,070,1415)60/3600=0,85
ExampleNo5
Itsnecessarytocalculatehead,flowrateandusefulpowerofcentrifugalpumppumpinglowviscosityfluid
withdensityof1,020kg/m3fromtankwithoverpressure1.2bartotankwithoverpressure2.5baralong
givenpipelinewithpipediameter20cm.Totalpipelinelength(summarilywithequivalentlengthoflocal
resistances)equalsto78m(frictioncoefficientisacceptedasequalto0.032).Differenceofreservoirsheads
is8meters.
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Solution:
Forlowviscositymediaweselectoptimalmovementvelocityinpipelineequalto2m/s.Wecalculatefluid
flowratethroughsetpipeline:
Q=(d)/4w=(3,140,2)/42=0,0628m/s
Pipevelocityheadis:
w/(2g)=2/(29,81)=0,204m
Atcorrespondingvelocityheadfrictionandlocalresistanceslosseswillequal:
H=(l)/d[w/(2g)]=(0,03278)/0,20,204=2,54m
Totalheadwillequal:
H=(p2p1)/(g)+H+h=((2,51,2)10 5)/(10209,81)+8+2,54=23,53m
Usefulpowerislefttobedetermined:
N=gQH=10209,810,062823,53=14786W
ExampleNo6
Isitreasonabletopumpwaterbycentrifugalpumphavingperformancecapacityof50m3/hthrough150
4.5mmpipeline?
Solution:
Wecalculatevelocityofwaterflowinthepipeline:
Q=(d)/4w
w=(4Q)/(d)=(450)/(3,140,141)1/3600=0,89m/s
Velocityforwaterflowindeliverypipelineequalsto1.53m/s.Valueofflowvelocitythusobtaineddoesnot
fallwithinthisinterval,wherefromonemayconcludethattheuseofthiscentrifugalpumpisunreasonable.
ExampleNo.7
Itisnecessarytodeterminegearpumpdeliverycoefficient.Pumpgeometricalcharacteristics:cross
sectionalareaofspacebetweengearteethis720mm2numberofteeth10geartoothlength38mm.
Rotationspeedis280rpm.Realgearpumpdeliveryis1.8m3/h.
Solution:
Pumptheoreticalperformancecapacityis:
Q=2fznb=2720100,382801/(360010 6)=0,0004256m/h
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Correspondingly,deliverycoefficientequalsto:
V =0,0004256/1,83600=0,85
ExampleNo.8
Pumphavingefficiencyof0.78ispumpingfluidwithdensityof1,030kg/m3and132m3/hflowrate.Head
createdinpipelineequalsto17.2m.Thepumpisactuatedbyelectricmotorhavingpowerof9.5kWand
efficiencyof0.95.Itisnecessarytodeterminewhetherthispumpmeetsrequirementsinstartingtorque.
Solution:
Wecalculateusefulpowerconsumeddirectlyformediumpumping:
N=gQH=10309,81132/360017,2=6372W
Wetakeintoaccountefficienciesofpumpandelectricmotoranddeterminefullpowerrequirementsof
electricmotor:
N=N/()=6372/(0,780,95)=8599W
Asweknowmotorinstalledcapacity,wedeterminepowersafetymarginoftheelectricmotor:
=N/N=9500/8599=1,105
Formotorswithpowerfrom5to50kWitisrecommendedtoselectstartuppowermarginfrom1.2to1.15.
Thevalueweobtaineddoesnotfallwithinthisinterval,wherefromonemayconcludethatinoperationof
thispumpundersetconditionsproblemscanarisewhenstartingitup.
ExampleNo9
Centrifugalpumpispumpingfluidwithdensityof1,130kg/m3fromopenreservoirtoreactorhaving
operatingpressure1.5barandflowrate5.6m3/h.Geometricaldifferenceofheadsequalsto12meters,
withreactorinstalledbelowreservoir.Headfrictionlossesinpipesandlocalresistancesequalto32.6m.
Pumpusefulpowerhastobedetermined.
Solution:
Wecalculatetheheadcreatedbypumpinpipeline:
H=(p2p1)/(g)+H+h=((1,51)10 5)/(11309,81)12+32,6=25,11m
Pumpusefulpowercanbefoundbytheformula:
N=gQH=11309,815,6/360025,11=433W
ExampleNo10
Wedeterminelimitingincreaseofflowrateofwaterpumping(densityistakenasequalto1,000kg/m3)
fromopenreservoirtoanotheropenreservoirwithflowrateof24m3/h.Geometricalheadoffluidliftis5
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meters.Waterispumpedalongpipes40x5mm.Electricmotorpoweris1kW.Totalefficiencyoftheunit
istakenasequalto0.83.Totalheadfrictionlossesinpipesandlocalresistancesare9.7m.
Solution:
Wedeterminemaximalflowratevaluecorrespondingtothemaximumpossibleusefulpowerdevelopedby
pump.Todothisfirstlywedetermineseveralintermediateparameters.
Wecalculatetheheadrequiredforwaterpumping:
H=(p2p1)/(g)+H+h=((11)10 5)/(10009,81)+5+9,7=14,7m
Usefulpowerdevelopedbypumpis:
N=N/=1000/0,83=1205W
Wefindmaximalflowratevaluefrombyformula:
N=gQH
Wefindsoughtquantity:
Q=N/(gH)=1205/(10009,8114,7)=0,00836m/s
Waterflowratecanbeincreased1.254timesatmostwithoutviolationofpumpoperatingrequirements.
Q/Q=0,00836/243600=1,254
Ourengineersarealwaysreadytorenderconsultingservicesorfurnishwithadditionaltechnicalinformation
onthepumpingequipmentandpipelinefittingsweoffer.
PleasesendyourrequestsforpumpstothetechnicaldepartmentofourcompanytoEmail:info@ence.ch,
phone+7(495)2255786
CentralsiteofNCEGmbH
OurservicecompanyisIntekhGmbH
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