Adjuncts
Syntactic & Semantic Features
The bells rang all day long
Tom hired a car at Oxford
The weather is rather unpredictable in these parts
Hastily she hid the letter
She hid the letter hastily
She hastily hid the letter
It was raining extremely hard / on the Continent / last night
In the summer we often make our ice cream
Manner: These flowers are growing very easily
Place: She lives here
Time: He arrived very early
Frequency (indefinite): I usually arrive very early
(definite): They pay me monthly
Duration: We met her at your wedding very briefly
Instrument: She opened the envelope with a penknife
Purpose: I called John for a quick coffee
Reason: Going to USA is cheap at the moment because of the exchange rate
Realisations of the Adjunct
Prepositional Phrases
Adverb Phrases
Noun Phrases
Finite clauses
Non-finite clauses
Disjuncts
Unfortunately the cat killed the mouse
The cat unfortunately killed the mouse
The cat killed the mouse unfortunately
Personally, I think it is a waste of time
From my point of view, it is a waste of time
Adverbs: unfortunately, frankly
Prepositional Phrases: in fact, in reality,
Non-finite clauses: to be frank, to tell the truth
Finite clauses: if I may be frank with you
Conjuncts
Consequently, Therefore, However, On the contrary, In addition,
He spoke clearly
The dog that bit me the other day is barking quite menacingly
Peter told the children a story he had been told the previous day