MINGGU 8 Daya Dukung Tiang Compatibility Mode PDF
MINGGU 8 Daya Dukung Tiang Compatibility Mode PDF
Pondasi Tiang
tanah
lunak
batuan (rock)
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Pondasi Dalam
~ untuk melimpahkan beban ke tanah di bawahnya
~ utamanya untuk tanah lunak atau beban berat
P
I
L
E
tanah
lunak
batuan (rock)
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PILES - design
1.
Geotechnical
- strength and stiffness
serviceability
2.
3.
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Tiang Tunggal
(Individual Piles)
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Pola Keruntuhan
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Ultimate load
Low load
fs = max
fs = max
fs << max
for the
full
length
Base resistance,
fb, mobilized
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Menentukan Daya
Dukung
CARA STATIS
(STATIC METHODS)
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Static Pile
Capacity
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GEOTECHNICAL STRENGTH
Vertical compression loading:
ULTIMATE GEOTECHNICAL
STRENGTH
-
or capacity, Rug
R ug = f s A s + f b A b
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f b = (vbo )(Nq )
Dependent upon
SOIL TYPE
SOIL PROFILE
PILE MATERIAL
INSTALLATION
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Harga
Nq
Nq
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Densification
Rule
o = 30
5B
CL
B
Half
pile
Layer 1
= 47
5B
= 34
o = 30
Layer 2
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Qu
Basic Concept
Concept(Konsep
(Konsep Dasar)
Daya dukung batas tiang (Qu ) dapat
diturunkan
menggunakan
dasardasar-dasar
mekanika tanah.
tanah. Daya dukung dianggap
jumlah dari gesekan(skin
gesekan(skin friction)
friction) dan daya
dukung ujung(end
ujung(end-bearing resistance)
resistance), yaitu
Qs
Qu =Qb+Qs-W
..(1)
dimana
Qu = daya dukung total,
Qb = daya dukung ujung
Qs = daya dukung gesek
Qb
Qu =
Qs +
Qb - W
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Qs = fAs
Embedded
f = Unit Frictional
Resistance
=D
Length
AS = Shaft Area
qP = Unit Bearing
Capacity
AP = Area of Point
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QP = qPAP
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Arching at Pile
Tip
Ground Surface
B
Arching Action
Df
Zone of
Shear &
Volume
Decrease
PO = D
f
Df
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Loading
Qu
QS
QB
Settlement
Behaviour of Frictional Pile
Qu
QB
QS
Settlement
Behaviour of End Bearing Pile
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QU = QB + QsW
(3)
(3)
ho
D
Qs
Qb=Ab[cbNc+Po(Nq-1)+d/2N+Po] -Wp
dimana Ab=luas penampang ujung tiang,
cb=kohesi pada ujung tiang, Po= overburden
stress pada ujung tiang dan d = lebar tiang.
W
QB
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Qb=Ab[cbNc+Po(Nq-1)+d/2N+Po] Wp
=> Qb=Ab[cbNc+PoNq]
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QB=AB Nq v
Nq tergantung pada sudut geser dalam .
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Daya Dukung
Gesek(Shaft Friction)
Daya dukung gesek batas (ultimate shaft friction capacity) qs tiang
dapat dinyatakan dalam tegangan vertikal efektif rata-rata sbb :
qs =c+Ksvtans
qs =v (untuk c=0)
dimana
Ks= koefisien tekanan tanah horisontal. Ks dapat juga sebagai koefisien
tekanan tanah keadaan diam (at rest),
K0=1-sin
v = tegangan vertikal efektif rata-rata
= sudut geser tiang-tanah
= shaft friction coefficient = Ks.tan
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Ks
Lepas (loose) Padat (dense)
Baja(steel)
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0,5
1,0
Beton(concrete)
1,0
2,0
Kayu(timber)
1,5
3,0
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Bored piles
Ks
Ko
0.7 to 1
Displacement piles
see below
- precast concrete
0.75 to 2
0.8 to 1
- smooth steel
0.75 to 2
0.5 to 0.7
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f s = z
Sands
Gravels
Silts
and Clays
f s = su
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-Method (Sands)
For large displacement piles,
Bhushan(1982)
= 0.18 + 0.65 Dr
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-Method
(Sands)
For Auger-Cast
Piles, Neely
(1991)
Do not divide into
layers
f s = 140 kPa (2800 psf )
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-Method (Clays)
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E
2 (1 + )( zD tan )
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Vesics
N*
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Vesics
N *
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Contoh
Soal
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Q b = Ab .q 'b
N*c = 6.5 at Su = 25 kPa (500 psf)
= 8.0 at Su = 50 kPa (1000 psf)
= 9.0 at Su 100 kPa (2000 psf)
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qB=Nccu
QB=ABNccu
dimana
Nc= 9 bila ujung tiang terletak di bawah muka tanah lebih
dari 4x diameter.
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qs=Cu
Qs =As.qs
= faktor adhesi
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Cara
+ 2s
)
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D
q = 0,4 N
r 3,0 N 60' r
B
'
e
'
60
kohesif
f s = r N 60
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r
untuk small displacement
fs =
N 60 pile pd tanah non
100
kohesif
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A. p O. f
Beban Sementara Qa =
+
2
5
A. p O. f
Beban Statis Tetap Qa =
+
3
5
Beban Dinamis
A. p O . f
Qa =
+
5
8
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Data Sondir
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Menentukan Daya
Dukung
CARA DINAMIS
(DYNAMIC METHOD)
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Qu
1 Wh
=
Ku
s
Dimana
Qu = daya dukung batas
Ku = Cd [1+(1+e/Cd)]
Cd = 0,75 + 0,15 Wp/W
e = (WhL)/(AEs2)
L = panjang tiang
A = luas penampang tiang
E = modulus elastisitas tiang
= faktor efisiensi
W = berat hammer
Wp =berat tiang
s = final set (penurunan/per pukulan)
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kWh
Qu =
s+c/2
dimana
Qu= daya dukung batas, = efisiensi pukulan
hammer, k= koef. Hammer, W=berat hammer,
h=tinggi jatuh hammer, s= penurunan tiang per
pukulan, c= perubahan elastis tiang
Q a = Pa =
0 , 0025 .E .(W r + e 2W p )
(s + 0 ,1)(W r + W p )
dimana
Qa = daya dukung ijin
E = energi per pukulan
Wp = berat tiang
e = koefisien restitusi
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t-z Method
beban-penurunan untuk
skin friction dan end bearing
method
bentuk hubungan beban-penurunan
perpendekan elastis tiang
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Menentukan Daya
Dukung
UJI PEMBEBANAN TIANG
(FULL SCALE LOADING
TEST)
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Pedoman menentukan
jumlah Tiang Uji
Jumlah panjang tiang(m)
0 1800
1800 3000
3000 6000
6000 9000
9000 12000
4
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Davissons Method
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Belajar
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Exa
ms
My mama always said, Exam is like a box
of chocolates; you never know what you
are gonna get
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