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Modulus of rigidity, or the shearing modulus, is used to determine how elastic or bendable

materials will be if they are sheared, which is being pushed parallel from opposite sides. This
material property becomes the useful part of many calculations and is called the coefficient of
elasticity during shearing. It can be measured by a shear strain test, which is conducted by
placing a rod of a given material into a clamp and applying force at a measured distance away
from the clamp to only one side of the rod.
There are three popular applications for the shearing modulus formula. Youngs modulus for
strings and Bulks modulus for gases both need the shearing modulus to predict how waves
form in gases. The shear strain test is also used if it is already known to predict the amount of
force needed to bend a material.
Material scientists and applied physicists use the this concept in special ways. Understanding
the modulus of rigidity will help select the correct material to use for construction under
many circumstances. The smaller the force is, the easier the material will bend. It is
calculated and publicly recorded for most materials. A golden rod will bend more easily than
a steel rod of the same thickness, for example, and the shearing modulus displays this clearly
for most comparisons.
At tiny levels, the modulus of rigidity relates to atoms sliding over one another. This helps
explain why temperature and pressure also affect the modulus of rigidity. The colder an
object and the more pressure it is under, the more rigid or stiff it becomes. At high
temperatures and low pressures, most materials start to melt and become easier to bend.
Predicting the modulus of rigidity can become very difficult. Doing a shear strain test can
give the modulus of rigidity for available materials. It becomes difficult to discover new
materials that show better performance under certain conditions, such as at the bottom of the
ocean. In some cases, the materials have never been created and scientists use math to predict
the modulus of rigidity.
Common experience with materials can be explained by the modulus of rigidity. Most people
understand that diamonds are very hard they have a modulus of rigidity that is 10 times
higher than that of steel. Rubber bands wrap and twist without effort and have a very small
modulus of rigidity. Thin metal cans are easy to bend, but thick plastics are not because even
though metals are more rigid, the thicknesses are not the same.

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