DOI 10.1007/s00466-011-0591-8
ORIGINAL PAPER
Received: 30 August 2010 / Accepted: 13 March 2011 / Published online: 29 March 2011
Springer-Verlag 2011
123
176
123
177
conditions. The method is simple like the FEM and straightforward to implement. Nevertheless, in order to validate the
accuracy and the stability of the present method, an extensive study is made for a number of regular and irregular nodal
distributions and the results are then compared with existing
reference solutions available in the literature. To the authors
knowledge, no identical works like this task have been examined when this manuscript is being reported. The structure of
the manuscript is organized as follows. Meshfree formulation
for vibration problems is presented in the next section including the moving Kriging shape functions, governing equations
and their discretization. Numerical examples are presented
and discussed in detail in Sect. 3 to demonstrate the accuracy
and the efficiency of the method. Some conclusions from this
work are drawn in the last section.
(1)
w h (x) =
I (x)w I
(2)
m
p j (x)A j I +
n
rk (x)Bk I
(3)
A = (P R
B=R
(7)
P= .
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
p1 (xn ) p2 (xn ) . . . pm (xn )
P)
1 T
P R
(I PA)
R(xn , x1 ) R(xn , x2 ) . . .
R(xi , x j ) = eri j
2
(10)
where ri j = xi x j , and > 0 is a correlation parameter. As found in the previous works [7884], the correlation parameter has a significant effect on the solution; it has
thus arisen a problem of how the natural frequencies of laminated composites plates are influenced by this correlation
factor. This parameter is thus investigated in detail in the
numerical examination section. The quadratic basis function
pT (x) = [ 1 x y x 2 y 2 x y ] with m = 6 is used throughout the study if not specified otherwise, since the deflection
requires at least such a quadratic polynomial basis function.
On the other hand, the thin plate theory requires not only
the first-order derivatives, but also the second-order derivatives. Their partial derivatives are straightforward to obtain
by making the derivatives of Eq. (3) with respect to xi
m
p j,i (x)A j I +
n
(5)
A concise discussion for the appropriate choice of the correlation function can be found in [56] and many correlation
functions can be employed for R but often, the Gaussian
function is often and widely used to fit the model
I,i (x) =
(4)
(8)
1
R(x1 , x2 ) . . . R(x1 , xn )
R(x2 , x1 )
1
. . . R(x2 , xn )
R[R(xi , x j )] =
(9)
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
I,ii (x) =
m
j
rk,i (x)Bk I
(11)
p j,ii (x)A j I +
n
rk,ii (x)Bk I
(12)
123
178
m
p j (x J )A j I +
n
rk (x J )Bk I
(14)
or
[ I (x J )] = PA + RB
(15)
(16)
(17)
The consistency of the MK interpolation is that it can reproduce any functions in the basis functions exactly. If the
method can reproduce polynomials of up to the kth-order,
the method is said to have kth-order consistency. For the safe
of completeness, this property is briefly quoted here. If u I
are derived from a polynomial of degree less or equal than
m, i.e.
dm = dc
(13)
with dc being a characteristic length relative to the nodal spacing close to the relevant point while stands for the scaling
factor. In practice, the size of the domain of influence must be
large enough to sufficiently cover of the neighboring nodes.
This implies that the scaling factor must be chosen somehow to ensure all necessary scattered nodes lying inside the
domain of influences so that the problem can be converged.
Optimal values of this scaling factor seem to be dependentproblems but, for example, a wide range from 2.0 to 4.0 is
often taken for linear static analysis by the EFG [45], from
2.5 to 4.0 for static analysis of thin plates [82], etc.
Also, the Gaussian correlation function in Eq. (10) is
strongly sensitive to the correlation parameter whose value
is found to be unrelated to any physical aspects of the problem. In practice, deriving optimal values of the correlation
parameter for all problems is very difficult. It varies from one
to another problem and in theory no exact rules are available
to determine such a single optimal value for all problems.
Hence, it is of interest to alternatively evaluate of the correlation parameter so that there should be existed an acceptable
range on its magnitude to ensure consistency in the quality
of the results.
2.1.4 Kroneckers delta property
The delta property is the inherent characteristic of the MK
shape functions which cannot be found in general MLS
123
u = P
(18)
(19)
In particular, it employs a linear basis p(x) in the construction of the MK shape functions, all constant and linear
terms can then be reproduced exactly, i.e.
n
I
I (x) = 1;
n
I (x)x I = x;
n
I (x)y I = y
(20)
2.2 Governing equations
Now let us consider a laminated composite plate in the
Cartesian coordinate system as depicted in Fig. 1 showing
the fiber orientation of a layer denoted by . The displacements of the plate in the x, y, z directions are denoted
by u, v, w, respectively. Within the meshfree approach, the
plate is represented by a set of nodes scattered in the relevant
mid-plane of the plate. Due to the assumption of classical
thin plates, the displacement fields can be defined as
T
w
= Hw
(21)
u = { u v w }T = z w
x z y w
179
(22)
(23)
(24)
where D is the stiffness matrix related to the material property and the thickness of the plate, p and p are defined
as pseudo-strains and pseudo-stresses. For a laminated composite plate based on the assumption of the classical plate
theory we have [54,85,86]
DI J
I, J = 1, 2, 6
(26)
kL
In Eq. (26), n L is the number of layers of the laminated composite plate and the quantities Q I J are determined by
Q 11 = Q 11 cos4 + 2(Q 12 + 2Q 66 ) sin2 cos2
+Q 22 sin4
(27)
Q 12 = (Q 11 + Q 22 4Q 66 ) sin2 cos2
+Q 12 (sin4 + cos4 )
(28)
Q 16 = (Q 11 Q 12 2Q 66 ) sin cos3
+(Q 12 Q 22 + 2Q 66 ) sin3 cos
2
+Q 22 cos
4
(30)
Q 26 = (Q 11 Q 12 2Q 66 ) sin cos
3
(31)
Q 66 = (Q 11 + Q 22 2Q 12 2Q 66 ) sin2 cos2
+Q 66 (sin4 + cos4 )
E1
12 E 2
Q 11 =
; Q 12 =
;
1 12 21
1 12 21
E2
Q 22 =
; Q 66 = G 12
1 12 21
21 E 1 = 12 E 2
=0
dt w
w
(32)
(33)
(34)
where E 1 and E 2 are Youngs moduli parallel and perpendicular to the fibers orientation, respectively, G 12 is the shear
modulus while 12 and 21 stand for the Poissons ratios,
respectively.
(35)
we obtain the discrete equations for buckling and free vibration analysis of the laminated composite plate [45].
In Eq. (35),
= T b is defined as the Lagrangian
function in which T is the kinetic energy and b is the strain
energy caused by bending of the laminated composite plate,
respectively. The kinetic energy of the plate can be expressed
as
1
(36)
u T ud
T =
2
where stands for the mass density of the material, and the
potential energy of the plate given by
1
Tp p d uT td
uT bd
(37)
b =
2
(29)
(Hw)
(Hw)d+
(Lw)T D(Lw)d
dt
w
w
(Hw) td
+
(Hw)T bd
(38)
=
w
w
123
180
+ Kw = 0
Mw
(39)
M IJ =
I J h + I,x J,x I + I,y J,y I d
(41)
T
B I = I,x x I,yy 2 I,x y
(42)
(43)
(44)
3 Numerical examples
To demonstrate the applicability and the accuracy of the
present method for free vibration analyses of laminated composite plates, three different geometrical plate shapes involving the square, elliptical and square ones with a hole of
a complicated shape are mainly considered. The efficiency
of the method is studied by using both regular and irregular nodal distributions. For calculating the natural frequencies, if not specified otherwise, the dimensionless natural
frequency 1 = (h2 a 4 /D0,1 )1/2 is used, where D0,1 =
E 1 h 3 /12(1 12 21 ).
Before going to numerical investigation, it is stated here
that only the completely free and the fully simply supported
boundaries are considered throughout the paper, whereas no
fully clamped boundary is available. The reason is, boundary conditions with deflection derivatives, i.e. two rotations
123
181
Table 1 Convergence of the normalized natural frequency 1 of the free vibration of a completely free square plate
Mode
Present
Exact [89]
55
88
11 11
13 13
15 15
17 17
19 19
19 19
3.739
3.718
3.703
3.689
3.680
3.675
3.671
3.672
3.670
4.724
4.604
4.499
4.448
4.443
4.434
4.432
4.437
4.427
5.480
5.254
5.056
4.961
4.952
4.939
4.936
4.941
4.926
Table 2 Comparison of the normalized natural frequency 1 of the free vibration of a completely free square plate
Mode
Present
77
11 11
17 17
Exact [89]
17 17
Regular
Irregular
Regular
Irregular
Regular
Irregular
3.726
3.707
3.700
3.688
3.675
3.676
3.673
3.670
4.665
4.679
4.467
4.482
4.434
4.438
4.440
4.427
5.369
5.357
4.995
5.059
4.939
4.941
4.944
4.926
15 15
17 17
EFG [54]
20.02
16.05
15.88
15.89
15.86
Present
18.28643
16.31636
15.87562
15.88723
15.87901
h: average spacing
/exact)1|
11 11
0.5
log10|(
num
99
(3.7953)
1
2 (2.6930)
1.5
3 (3.1455)
4 (3.9162)
(2.3647)
5
6 (3.3410)
2.5
0.2
0.15 0.1
0.05
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
log (h)
10
Fig. 2 The rate convergence study for a fully simply supported laminated composite square plate
123
182
Mode
Regular 289
Irregular 289
EFG [54]
Present
EFG [54]
Present
15.86
15.827 (0.03)
15.92
15.945 (0.02)
35.86
35.536 (0.32)
35.99
35.677 (0.31)
42.58
42.115 (0.46)
42.66
42.069 (0.59)
61.47
59.433 (2.03)
61.66
60.268 (1.39)
71.83
72.253 (0.42)
72.35
72.364 (0.01)
85.97
86.718 (0.74)
86.45
85.901 (0.54)
93.95
92.044 (1.90)
94.19
93.395 (0.79)
109.00
105.707 (3.29)
109.06
104.437 (4.62)
119.71
122.777 (3.06)
120.45
125.195 (4.74)
10
133.43
132.567 (0.86)
133.58
134.878 (1.29)
Table 5 The normalized frequency 1 for a completely free laminated composite square plate ( = 3; = 5) obtained by the present method
Mode
13 13
17 17
25 25
Regular
Irregular
Regular
Irregular
Regular
Irregular
10.955
10.934
10.834
10.843
10.780
10.766
14.605
14.871
14.454
14.435
14.426
14.362
20.752
20.993
20.448
20.401
20.415
20.286
25.369
26.204
24.745
25.086
24.825
24.928
30.331
31.053
30.073
30.232
30.237
30.216
45.354
48.543
43.453
43.633
43.150
42.552
10
50.428
53.501
46.778
48.203
46.824
47.020
123
183
Table 6 The normalized frequencies 1 versus for a fully simply supported laminated composite square plate with (0 , 0 , 0 )
Mode
Exact [86]
0.1
10
20
50
13.827
14.889
14.963
15.092
15.279
15.407
16.506
16.832
15.171
29.205
32.198
32.682
33.143
33.401
35.043
37.599
40.995
33.248
41.302
43.657
44.012
44.067
44.261
45.759
46.889
49.620
44.387
50.690
57.046
59.147
60.479
60.825
64.748
68.553
83.585
60.682
60.387
62.834
64.352
64.580
64.946
70.735
72.717
84.363
64.457
80.927
83.018
89.824
90.040
90.412
99.313
98.612
106.08
90.145
Table 7 The normalized frequencies 1 versus for a fully simply supported laminated composite square plate with (30 , 30 , 30 )
Mode
0.1
10
20
50
14.186
15.476
15.565
15.614
15.903
16.043
16.244
17.531
15.87
31.620
34.580
35.004
35.196
35.574
37.075
37.838
42.297
35.92
37.889
41.279
41.711
42.364
42.121
43.724
44.467
48.517
42.70
50.198
57.433
59.470
61.011
61.650
64.534
67.234
82.160
61.53
65.480
68.832
70.360
70.984
71.709
76.528
79.264
89.630
71.10
80.629
83.874
85.296
85.961
86.711
90.624
91.878
99.725
86.31
Table 8 The normalized frequencies 1 versus for a fully simply supported laminated composite square plate with (30 , 30 , 30 )
Mode
2.2
2.8
3.0
3.5
4.0
6.0
17.953
15.686
15.614
15.767
15.827
15.523
15.631
17.574
15.87
38.418
35.456
35.196
35.482
35.536
35.475
36.480
45.030
35.92
44.844
42.221
42.364
42.502
42.115
41.830
42.615
49.417
42.70
65.595
59.438
61.011
61.415
59.433
58.911
62.223
83.713
61.53
73.241
71.783
70.984
70.727
72.253
72.221
74.205
91.223
71.10
87.537
86.670
85.961
85.331
86.718
86.699
88.428
107.134
86.31
123
184
Table 9 Comparison of the normalized frequencies 1 for a fully simply supported square three-ply laminate plate with several orientations
Three-ply
Method
Mode
1
(0 , 0 , 0 )
(15 , 15 , 15 )
(30 , 30 , 30 )
(45 , 45 , 45 )
(0 , 90 , 0 )
Exact [86]
15.171
33.248
44.387
60.682
64.457
90.145
DSC [16]
15.171
33.248
44.387
60.682
64.457
90.145
EFG [53]
15.17
33.32
44.51
60.78
64.79
90.42
EFG [54]
15.18
33.34
44.51
60.79
64.80
90.39
RayleighRitz [6]
15.19
33.31
44.52
60.79
64.55
90.31
Ritz [8]
15.19
33.30
44.42
60.78
64.53
90.29
Present
15.060
33.295
44.362
59.516
65.945
89.534
DSC [16]
15.469
34.153
43.879
60.954
66.635
91.393
EFG [53]
15.40
34.12
43.96
60.91
66.92
91.76
EFG [54]
15.41
34.15
43.93
60.91
66.94
91.74
RayleighRitz [6]
15.37
34.03
43.93
60.80
66.56
91.40
Ritz [8]
15.43
34.09
43.80
60.85
66.67
91.40
Present
15.392
34.558
44.232
61.316
66.913
91.403
DSC [16]
16.058
36.060
42.743
61.757
71.849
85.780
EFG [53]
15.87
35.92
42.70
61.53
71.10
86.31
EFG [54]
15.88
35.95
42.63
61.54
72.12
86.32
RayleighRitz [6]
15.86
35.77
42.48
61.27
71.41
85.67
Ritz [8]
15.90
35.86
42.62
61.45
71.71
85.72
Present
15.856
36.051
42.704
61.333
71.477
86.009
DSC [16]
16.348
37.146
42.033
62.234
77.213
80.130
EFG [53]
16.10
37.00
41.89
61.93
77.99
80.11
EFG [54]
16.11
37.04
41.80
61.94
78.03
80.11
RayleighRitz [6]
16.08
36.83
41.67
61.65
76.76
79.74
Ritz [8]
16.14
36.93
41.81
61.85
77.04
80.00
Present
16.010
37.052
41.677
61.401
78.198
81.119
EFG [54]
15.18
33.82
44.14
60.79
66.12
91.16
Present
15.184
33.491
44.519
61.392
66.960
91.734
123
185
Table 10 Comparison of the normalized frequency 1 for a fully simply supported square four-ply laminate plate with several orientations
Four-ply
Method
Mode
1
(0 , 0 , 0 , 0 )
(15 , 15 , 15 , 15 )
(30 , 30 , 30 , 30 )
(45 , 45 , 45 , 45 )
Exact [86]
15.171
33.248
44.387
60.682
64.457
90.145
DSC [16]
15.171
33.248
44.387
60.682
64.457
90.145
RayleighRitz [6]
15.19
33.31
44.52
60.78
64.55
90.31
Ritz [8]
15.19
33.30
44.42
60.77
64.53
90.29
Present
15.184
33.923
44.876
61.391
64.745
91.034
DSC [16]
15.490
34.235
43.904
61.333
66.520
91.446
RayleighRitz [6]
15.40
34.15
43.84
61.23
66.48
91.47
Ritz [8]
15.47
34.21
43.91
61.28
66.57
91.47
Present
15.428
34.650
44.247
61.595
66.109
91.484
DSC [16]
16.117
36.426
42.696
62.764
71.737
85.828
RayleighRitz [6]
15.94
36.23
42.52
62.46
71.45
85.79
Ritz [8]
16.02
36.30
42.62
62.57
71.68
85.81
Present
15.908
36.417
42.664
62.096
71.368
86.016
DSC [16]
16.424
37.837
41.766
63.540
77.644
79.646
RayleighRitz [6]
16.17
37.62
41.52
63.15
77.33
79.40
Ritz [8]
16.29
37.71
41.63
63.29
77.56
79.60
Present
16.145
37.725
41.442
62.389
77.494
80.730
Table 11 Comparison of the normalized frequency 1 for a fully simply supported square five-ply laminate plate with several orientations
Five-ply
Method
Mode
1
(0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 )
(15 , 15 , 15 , 15 , 15 )
(30 , 30 , 30 , 30 , 30 )
(45 , 45 , 45 , 45 , 45 )
Exact [86]
15.171
33.248
44.387
60.682
64.457
90.145
DSC [16]
15.171
33.248
44.387
60.682
64.457
90.145
RayleighRitz [6]
15.19
33.31
44.52
60.78
64.55
90.31
Ritz [8]
15.19
33.30
44.42
60.77
64.53
90.29
Present
15.184
33.923
44.876
61.391
64.745
91.034
DSC [16]
15.506
34.296
43.922
61.630
66.419
91.485
RayleighRitz [6]
15.46
34.24
43.88
61.59
66.42
91.52
Ritz [8]
15.50
34.30
43.93
61.62
66.48
91.51
Present
15.454
34.719
44.258
61.811
66.041
91.498
DSC [16]
16.161
36.705
42.652
63.561
71.598
85.864
RayleighRitz [6]
15.98
36.58
42.53
63.37
71.43
85.86
Ritz [8]
16.10
36.64
42.62
63.45
71.60
85.88
Present
15.985
36.697
42.626
62.688
71.261
85.023
DSC [16]
16.480
38.436
41.478
64.563
77.958
79.223
RayleighRitz [6]
16.29
38.30
41.32
64.35
77.77
79.09
Ritz [8]
16.40
38.37
41.40
64.41
77.94
79.23
Present
16.244
38.306
41.184
63.153
77.715
80.409
123
186
Table 12 Dimensionless frequencies 1 versus the length-to-length ratio a/b for a fully simply supported laminated plate
a/b
Mode
1
1.5
24.759
50.992
73.449
93.877
101.065
139.582
1.2
19.130
45.016
49.889
75.385
91.102
101.561
1.0
15.985
36.697
42.626
62.688
71.261
85.023
0.8
13.232
26.163
39.068
47.476
51.335
69.950
0.5
10.709
16.283
24.873
36.112
36.341
40.906
Table 13 Comparison of the dimensionless frequencies for a fully simply supported laminated composite plate with various orientations
Five-ply
Method
Mode
(, , , , )
= 0
= 15
= 30
= 45
DSC [16]
11.29
17.13
28.68
40.74
45.15
45.78
54.06
68.14
RayleighRitz [6]
11.30
17.13
28.70
40.77
45.18
46.23
54.98
69.64
Present
11.21
17.76
29.81
40.83
44.36
45.43
55.29
68.39
DSC [16]
12.01
20.07
33.38
39.78
47.80
51.75
61.44
74.27
RayleighRitz [6]
11.82
19.76
32.93
39.53
47.42
52.73
61.11
74.08
Present
11.67
19.68
33.97
39.52
48.07
52.19
59.50
74.48
DSC [16]
13.40
25.83
37.41
43.60
53.80
66.50
76.06
77.23
RayleighRitz [6]
12.98
25.21
36.97
42.65
52.83
66.48
75.76
77.65
Present
12.64
24.25
36.08
43.53
53.18
66.54
74.74
76.45
DSC [16]
14.06
29.38
35.36
49.94
60.22
66.19
75.31
89.17
RayleighRitz [6]
13.61
28.75
34.68
48.90
59.25
66.34
74.28
88.86
Present
13.60
29.29
35.10
50.26
59.31
67.17
75.32
89.35
Mode 1
Mode 3
Mode 2
1
1
0.5
0
5
1
5
1
5
0
5 5
0
5 5
Mode 4
1
5
1
5
5 5
Mode 8
1
5
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Mode 5
Mode 6
5
5
5 5
5
5
Mode 7
0
5 5
0
5 5
Fig. 3 Isometric view of the first nine eigenmodes for a fully simply supported laminated composite square plate with (45 , 45 ,
45 , 45 , 45 )
123
5
5
Mode 8
Mode 9
Mode 9
1
5
0
1
5 5
5 5
Mode 4
Mode 7
Mode 3
5 5
5 5
Mode 2
Mode 6
Mode 5
Mode 1
5
5
5
5
5
5
Fig. 4 Plan view of the first nine eigenmodes for a fully simply supported laminated composite square plate with (45 , 45 ,
45 , 45 , 45 ). This figure fits well with Fig. 5 in [16]
187
Table 14 Comparison of the dimensionless frequencies 2 for a fully simply supported laminated composite plate among various approaches
Method
Mode
1
Exact [86]
6.6254
9.4473
16.2056
25.1181
26.5017
26.6585
30.3175
37.7892
Secgin [16]
6.6254
9.4473
16.2056
25.1181
26.5017
26.6585
30.3175
37.7892
Liew [9]
6.6252
9.4470
16.2051
25.1146
26.4982
26.6572
30.3139
37.7854
(%)
(0.003)
(0.003)
(0.003)
(0.014)
(0.013)
(0.005)
(0.012)
(0.01)
6.6180
9.4368
16.2192
25.1131
26.4938
26.6667
30.2983
37.7850
(0.112)
(0.111)
(0.084)
(0.02)
(0.03)
(0.031)
(0.063)
(0.011)
6.632
9.464
16.364
25.325
26.886
(0.099)
(0.177)
(0.978)
(0.823)
(1.450)
Present
6.6829
9.5017
16.745
24.8703
26.8623
26.7819
30.5408
37.6930
(%)
(0.86)
(0.57)
(3.32)
(0.98)
(1.36)
(0.46)
(0.73)
(0.25)
a
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
b
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
Fig. 5 An elliptical plate with 121 regular (left) and irregular (right)
nodal distributions
123
188
Table 15 Comparison of the dimensionless frequencies 1 for a completely free laminated composite elliptical plate made of three-ply between
the EFG and the present methods with various fiber orientations
Three-ply
Method
Mode
4
(0 , 0 , 0 )
(15 , 15 , 15 )
(30 , 30 , 30 )
(45 , 45 , 45 )
(0 , 90 , 0 )
EFG
6.975
8.027
17.440
18.143
18.436
30.586
Regular
7.050
7.624
17.677
18.891
18.972
30.567
Irregular
7.018
8.075
17.242
18.608
19.381
30.306
EFG
6.299
8.738
16.018
18.846
18.961
29.818
Regular
6.365
8.263
16.472
19.185
19.618
31.186
Irregular
6.388
8.711
16.169
19.125
19.681
30.783
EFG
5.505
9.354
14.270
19.299
20.179
26.898
Regular
5.604
8.729
14.761
19.937
20.217
30.627
29.483
Irregular
5.600
9.287
14.549
19.440
20.797
EFG
4.954
9.282
12.904
18.926
22.309
24.424
Regular
5.060
8.647
13.419
19.583
22.065
28.046
Irregular
5.040
9.213
13.252
19.111
22.770
27.200
EFG
6.912
8.028
17.323
18.110
18.846
30.930
Regular
6.988
7.624
17.585
18.936
19.302
30.921
Irregular
6.957
8.072
17.154
18.576
19.786
30.597
Table 16 Comparison of the dimensionless frequencies 1 for a fully simply supported laminated composite elliptical plate made of three-ply
between the EFG and the present methods with various fiber orientations
Three-ply
Method
Mode
1
(0 , 0 , 0 )
(15 , 15 , 15 )
(30 , 30 , 30 )
(45 , 45 , 45 )
(0 , 90 , 0 )
EFG
8.940
18.256
30.897
32.461
44.468
51.511
Regular
8.974
18.109
31.773
32.115
44.143
50.853
Irregular
9.120
17.614
31.754
33.609
43.615
53.807
EFG
9.114
18.444
31.579
32.111
45.779
50.179
Regular
9.124
18.257
31.916
32.298
44.920
49.898
Irregular
9.271
17.776
32.072
33.736
44.468
53.232
EFG
9.653
18.774
31.423
33.773
47.864
48.537
Regular
9.605
18.551
31.353
34.120
47.056
47.613
Irregular
9.764
18.092
31.980
35.078
46.584
51.440
EFG
10.509
19.012
30.668
37.295
45.717
51.443
Regular
10.414
18.758
30.567
37.357
45.036
49.959
Irregular
10.584
18.382
31.336
38.052
48.788
49.893
EFG
9.106
18.319
31.576
32.375
45.069
51.252
Regular
9.138
18.159
32.028
32.452
44.725
50.562
Irregular
9.288
17.683
31.956
33.994
44.186
53.617
123
189
Table 17 Comparison of the dimensionless frequencies 1 for a fully simply supported laminated composite plate made of five-ply between the
EFG and the present methods with various fiber orientations
Five-ply
Method
Mode
1
(0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 )
(15 , 15 , 15 , 15 , 15 )
(30 , 30 , 30 , 30 , 30 )
(45 , 45 , 45 , 45 , 45 )
Mode 1
30.897
32.461
44.468
18.109
31.773
32.115
44.143
50.853
EFG
9.116
18.506
31.554
32.359
45.735
50.733
Present
9.128
18.274
31.923
32.318
44.964
49.983
EFG
9.661
19.021
32.083
33.686
48.694
49.091
Present
9.620
18.617
31.376
34.203
47.214
47.786
EFG
10.527
19.427
31.523
37.203
47.061
52.018
Present
10.438
18.876
30.604
37.538
45.174
50.244
Mode 3
0
Mode 5
0
Mode 7
0
Mode 8
0
Mode 6
0
Mode 9
51.511
18.256
8.974
8.940
Mode 2
Present
0
Mode 4
EFG
Fig. 6 The first nine eigenmodes for a fully simply supported laminated composite plate with (45 , 45 , 45 , 45 , 45 )
Table 18 Variation of the dimensionless frequencies 1 with respect to the stiffness ratio E 1 /E 2 for a fully simply supported laminated composite
elliptical plate
E 1 /E 2
Method
2.45
EFG
Present
Mode
1
10.509
19.012
30.668
37.295
45.717
51.443
13.524
23.542
38.541
49.289
58.028
63.956
10.414
18.758
30.567
37.357
45.036
49.959
8.996
16.462
27.068
31.663
39.050
43.260
10
8.193
15.065
25.124
28.306
35.566
39.047
30
7.581
13.920
23.636
25.614
32.713
35.137
50
7.447
13.658
23.302
24.996
32.020
34.102
70
7.388
13.541
23.153
24.719
31.697
33.613
90
7.354
13.474
23.068
24.561
31.508
33.327
200
7.240
13.245
22.769
24.008
30.815
32.280
2.45
123
190
90
EFG (E1/E2=2.45)
E1/E2 = 1
E1/E2 = 2.45
E1/E2 = 5
E1/E2 = 10
E1/E2 = 30
E1/E2 = 50
E1/E2 = 70
E1/E2 = 90
E1/E2 = 200
80
70
60
50
9
8
7
6
40
30
20
10
1
1
Number of Mode
Fig. 7 Convergence of the dimensionless frequencies 1 with the stiffness ratio E 1 /E 2 for a fully simply supported laminated composite plate
4 Conclusions
A meshfree model based on the moving Kriging interpolation is presented for computing the vibration frequencies
of composite laminates. The applicability and the efficiency
of the present method are demonstrated through a number
10
Table 19 Comparison of the dimensionless frequencies 1 for a fully simply supported laminated composite plate with various fiber orientations
between the EFG and the present methods
Three-ply
Nodes
Method
Mode
1
(0 , 0 , 0 )
134
506
(15 , 15 , 15 )
134
506
(30 , 30 , 30 )
134
506
(45 , 45 , 45 )
134
506
(0 , 90 , 0 )
134
506
123
EFG
18.323
31.613
37.293
58.595
64.653
85.451
Present
18.116
31.561
38.179
59.161
68.600
87.037
EFG
18.226
31.127
36.237
56.874
62.390
83.565
Present
18.169
30.303
36.581
57.429
64.145
85.656
EFG
19.262
32.922
38.248
60.392
66.266
88.384
Present
18.892
32.319
38.565
57.796
68.895
87.924
EFG
19.177
32.445
37.238
58.716
63.994
86.500
Present
18.323
31.472
37.617
63.077
66.538
86.486
EFG
20.991
35.392
40.032
63.829
69.411
94.724
Present
20.331
33.837
39.263
59.055
69.513
90.344
EFG
20.926
34.915
39.101
62.222
67.054
92.715
Present
20.310
33.987
39.898
58.111
69.699
92.099
EFG
21.794
36.567
40.865
65.472
70.965
99.311
Present
21.006
34.632
39.531
64.665
69.811
92.235
EFG
21.736
36.079
39.975
63.897
68.525
96.767
Present
20.987
34.897
39.269
63.375
69.017
96.588
EFG
18.373
32.745
37.219
58.848
68.601
93.232
Present
18.227
32.709
38.003
57.509
70.942
93.119
EFG
18.278
32.264
36.134
57.151
65.853
90.678
Present
18.027
32.506
37.268
57.698
70.768
92.998
191
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4.
10
5.
10
3.
10
Fig. 9 The first nine eigenmodes for a fully simply supported laminated composite plate with made of three-ply lay-up (30 , 30 , 30 )
6.
7.
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