As 1358-2004 - Bursting Discs and Devices

AS 13582004
(Incorporating Amendment No. 1)
AS 13582004
Australian Standard
Accessed by BLUESCOPE STEEL LIMITED on 16 Mar 2007
Bursting discs and bursting disc

devicesApplication, selection and
installation
This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee ME-001, Pressure Equipment. It was
approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 21 September 2004.
This Standard was published on 8 November 2004.
The following are represented on Committee ME-001:
A.C.T. WorkCover
Australasian Institute of Engineer Surveyors
Australian Aluminium Council
Australian Building Codes Board
Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Australian Industry Group
Australian Institute of Energy
Australian Institute of Petroleum
Australian Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association
Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia
Department for Administrative and Information Services, S.A.
Department of Consumer & Employment Protection, WorkSafe Division, W.A.
Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Tas.
Electricity Supply Association of Australia
Engineers Australia
Institute of Materials Engineering Australasia
Insurance Council of Australia
National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia
Pressure Equipment Association
Victorian WorkCover Authority
Welding Technology Institute of Australia
WorkCover New South Wales
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 04219.
Standards Australia wishes to acknowledge the participation of the expert individuals that
contributed to the development of this Standard through their representation on the
Committee and through public comment period.
Keeping Standards upup-toto- date

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be found by visiting www.standards.org.au
Standards Australia welcomes suggestions for improvements, and encourages readers to
notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at
mail@standards.org.au,
mail@standards.org.au or write to Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001.
AS 13582004
(Incorporating Amendment No. 1)
Australian Standard
Bursting discs and bursting disc
devicesApplication, selection and
installation
Originated as AS 13581972.
Previous edition 1989.
Third edition 2004.
Reissued incorporating Amendment No. 1 (February 2007).
COPYRIGHT
Standards Australia
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written
permission of the publisher.
Published by Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
ISBN 0 7337 6345 6
AS 13582004
PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand
Committee ME-001, Pressure Equipment, to supersede AS 13581989.
This Standard incorporates Amendment No. 1 (February 2007). The changes required by
the Amendment are indicated in the text by a marginal bar and amendment number against
the clause, note, table, figure or part thereof affected.
After consultation with stakeholders in both countries, Standards Australia and Standards
New Zealand decided to develop this Standard as an Australian Standard rather than an
Australian/New Zealand Standard.
The objective of this Standard is to provide requirements and guidance on the application,
selection and installation of bursting discs and bursting disc devices.
The objective of this revision is to align the Standard with current international practice and
specifically with ISO Standards.
The terms normative and informative have been used in this Standard to define the
application of the appendix to which they apply. A normative appendix is an integral part
of a Standard, whereas an informative appendix is only for information and guidance.
AS 13582004
CONTENTS
Page
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................ 4
1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS .................................................................................. 4
1.3 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................ 4
SECTION 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS OF BURSTING DISCS AND BURSTING DISC
DEVICES
2.1 MATERIALS .............................................................................................................. 8
2.2 TYPES OF BURSTING DISCS .................................................................................. 8
2.3 BURSTING DISC HOLDERS .................................................................................. 11
2.4 BACK PRESSURE SUPPORTS ............................................................................... 14
2.5 TEMPERATURE SHIELDS ..................................................................................... 14
2.6 STIFFENING RINGS................................................................................................ 15
2.7 GASKET/SEALS ...................................................................................................... 15
SECTION 3 APPLICATION AND SELECTION OF BURSTING DISCS AND BURSTING
DISC DEVICES
3.1 APPLICATION ......................................................................................................... 16
3.2 SELECTION ............................................................................................................. 18
3.3 DISCHARGE CAPACITY ........................................................................................ 22
3.4 IDENTIFICATION AND MARKING....................................................................... 22
3.5 TESTING AND CERTIFICATION........................................................................... 22
SECTION 4 INSTALLATION OF BURSTING DISC DEVICES

4.1 LOCATION OF BURSTING DISC SAFETY DEVICES.......................................... 23
4.2 INSTALLATION OF BURSTING DISC SAFETY DEVICES ................................. 23
4.3 BACKPRESSURE SUPPORTS ................................................................................ 24
4.4 MODIFICATIONS .................................................................................................... 24
4.5 GASKETS ................................................................................................................. 24
APPENDICES
A
IDENTIFICATION AND MARKING OF BURSTING DISCS AND
BURSTING DISC DEVICES .................................................................................... 25
B
INFORMATION TO ASSIST DESIGN OR SELECTION OF BURSTING DISCS
AND BURSTING DISC DEVICES........................................................................... 27
C
PRESSURE RELIEF SYSTEM DISCHARGE CAPACITY ..................................... 29
D
TESTING AND CERTIFICATION OF BURSTING DISCS .................................... 36
AS 13582004
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
Bursting discs and bursting disc devicesApplication, selection and
installation
SECT ION
SCOPE
AND
GENERA L
1.1 SCOPE
This Standard provides requirements and guidance on the application, selection and
installation of bursting discs and bursting disc devices.
The information to be used for identification and the information to be marked on bursting
discs and bursting disc devices is specified in Appendix A.
Testing and certification requirements for bursting discs are specified in Appendix D.
NOTES:
1
Information which the purchaser may provide to assist in the design or the selection of
bursting discs and bursting disc devices is given in Appendix B.
Equations for the calculation of the discharge capacity for single phase flow are given in
Appendix C.
1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

The following documents are referred to in this Standard.
AS
1210
Pressure vessels
1271
Safety valves, other valves, liquid level gauges and other fittings for boilers
and unfired pressure vessels
4942
Pressure equipmentGlossary of terms
ASME
BPV-VIII-1 Boiler and pressure vessel code Section VIIIRules for construction of
pressure vessels: Division 1
ISO
4126
4126-6
Safety devices for protection against excessive pressure

Part 6: Application, selection and installation of bursting disc safety devices
1.3 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions given in AS 4942 and those below apply.
1.3.1 Average bursting pressure
The arithmetic average value, at the coincident temperature, of the test bursts carried out on
a batch of discs by the manufacturer.
1.3.2 Backpressure
The static pressure existing at the outlet of a bursting disc device at the time the device is
required to operate. It is the result of pressure in the discharge system from other sources or
as a result of vacuum on the upstream side.
Standards Australia
www.standards.org.au
AS 13582004
1.3.3 Backpressure support

That component of a bursting disc assembly which prevents the failure of the disc due to
backpressure differential.
NOTE: A backpressure support which is intended to prevent the failure of the disc when the
system pressure falls below atmospheric pressure is sometimes referred to as a vacuum support.
1.3.4 Baffle plate

A plate attached to the vent side of a bursting disc device or system to redirect discharge or
reduce recoil.
1.3.5 Batch
A group of bursting discs of the same type, size, average bursting pressure, and coincident
temperature, manufactured from material of the same lot of material and made as a single
group.
1.3.6 Bursting disc
The pressure-containing and pressure-sensitive element of a bursting disc device.
1.3.7 Bursting disc assembly
The complete assembly of components which are installed in the bursting disc holder to
perform the desired function.
1.3.8 Bursting disc device
A non-reclosing pressure-relief device actuated by differential pressure and designed to
function by the bursting or venting of the bursting disc.
1.3.9 Bursting disc device discharge capacity
The rate at which a bursting disc device can discharge fluid after bursting or venting of the
bursting disc.
1.3.10 Bursting disc holder
That part of a bursting disc device which retains the bursting disc assembly in position.
1.3.11 Bursting disc safety device discharge area

The area which is the minimum cross-sectional flow area of the bursting disc safety device
taking into consideration the possible reduction of the cross-section, for example by
backpressure supports, catching devices, or parts of the bursting disc which remain after
bursting.
1.3.12 Bursting pressure
The value of the pressure differential across the disc at which a bursting disc device
functions. (See Note to Clause 1.3.36.)
1.3.13 Bursting tolerance
The maximum variation of test results in equal positive and negative quantities or
percentages related to the average bursting pressure. Where a zero manufacturing design
range is stated, the tolerance is applied directly to the specified bursting pressure.
1.3.14 Coating
A layer of metallic or non-metallic material applied by brush, spray, dipping, fluidized bed,
or other similar method to components of a bursting disc device.
1.3.15 Coincident temperature (bursting pressure)
The temperature used in conjunction with bursting pressure.
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AS 13582004
1.3.16 Conventional domed bursting disc (also referred to as forward-acting)

A bursting disc which is domed in the direction of the bursting pressure, i.e. where the
bursting pressure is applied to the concave side of the bursting disc, see Figure 1.
1.3.17 Excess flow valve
A device which permits limited flow. When this flow is exceeded the valve closes.
1.3.18 Flat bursting disc
A bursting disc having one or more layers which is flat when installed. It may be made of a
ductile or brittle disc.
1.3.19 Foil
The sheet or strip used for the manufacture of metallic bursting discs.
1.3.20 Graphite types
1.3.20.1 Graphite
A crystalline form of the element carbon.
1.3.20.2 Impregnated graphite
Graphite in which the open porosity is impregnated with a filler material.
1.3.20.3 Flexible graphite
A graphite structure formed by the compression of thermally exfoliated graphite
intercalation compounds.
1.3.20.4 Graphite composite
Made up of two or more distinct materials and having different properties to those of the
separate materials and in which the proportion of graphite is over 50 per cent by weight.
1.3.21 Graphite bursting disc
A bursting disc manufactured from graphite, impregnated graphite, flexible graphite or
graphite composite and designed to burst due to bending or shearing forces.
1.3.22 Inspector
A person able to inspect pressure equipment for the purposes of conformity with the
specified requirements.
1.3.23 Lining
An additional sheet or sheets of material forming part of the bursting disc assembly or
holder. The lining can be metallic or non-metallic.
1.3.24 Manufacturing design range
A range of pressure within which the average bursting pressure of a batch of bursting discs
falls in order to be acceptable for a particular application.
1.3.25 Muffled outlet
A component of a bursting disc device which disperses the discharge.
1.3.26 Operating pressure
The pressure to which the bursting disc is exposed during normal operation.
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AS 13582004
1.3.27 Operating ratio

Ratio between the operating pressure and the minimum limit of bursting pressure (see
Figure 9).
NOTES:
1
In the case of a pressure system with an operating pressure expressed in MPa gauge, and
atmospheric pressure on the downstream side of the bursting disc, the operating ratio may be
calculated from the following equation:
Operating ratio =
Operating pressure (MPa)

Minimum limit of bursting pressure (MPa)
In the case of a pressure system with a back pressure on the downstream side of the bursting
disc, the operating ratio is the value of the differential pressure between the upstream side and
the downstream side of the bursting disc divided by the minimum limit of bursting pressure
expressed as a differential pressure.
1.3.28 Operating temperature

The temperature range of the disc and the surrounding parts during normal operation.
1.3.29 Performance tolerance
A range of pressure in positive and negative quantities or percentages which includes both
manufacturing design range and bursting tolerance at a coincident temperature, which is
applied directly to the specified bursting pressure.
1.3.30 Plating
A metal layer applied to a disc or holder by a plating process.
1.3.31 Reverse domed bursting disc (also referred to as reverse-acting)
A bursting disc which is domed against the direction of the bursting pressure, i.e. where the
bursting pressure is applied to the convex side of the bursting disc, see Figure 2.
1.3.32 Service life
The time period beginning at the installation of a bursting disc assembly and ending at
either replacement or burst.
1.3.33 Shall
Indicates that a statement is mandatory.
1.3.34 Should
Indicates a recommendation.
1.3.35 Slotted lined bursting disc
A conventional domed bursting disc made up of two or more layers, one of which is slit or
slotted so as to reduce its strength and to control the bursting pressure of the bursting disc.
1.3.36 Specified bursting pressure
The pressure, quoted with a coincident temperature, specified by the user or his agent when
defining the disc requirement.
NOTE: The words maximum and minimum may be used with the terms bursting pressure and
specified bursting pressure.
1.3.37 Stiffening ring

An integral component of the bursting disc assembly used primarily for the stiffening of
fragile discs.
1.3.38 Temperature shield
A device which protects a bursting disc from excessive temperature.
Standards Australia
AS 13582004
SE C T I ON 2
BURST I NG
GE N E RA L D E SCR I PT I O N S O F
D I SCS AND B URST ING D I SC
D E V I CE S
2.1 MATERIALS
2.1.1 Selection of materials
The selection of materials used for the components of bursting disc safety devices shall take
the following into account:
(a)
Suitability with regard to manufacture.
(b)
Compatibility with the process fluid, the adjoining components and the chemical and
physical conditions, both upstream and downstream of the rupture disc, to which the
bursting disc safety device will be subjected when in service.
NOTE: The use of corrosion-resistant materials for the downstream side of the bursting disc
device is recommended because corrosion of these parts can cause damage which can impair the
performance of the bursting disc safety device.
2.1.2 Material specifications

Materials for the components of bursting disc safety devices shall meet the requirements of
the relevant application Standard.
They shall have uniform chemical and physical properties and shall be free from defects,
which would cause the bursting disc safety device to malfunction.
2.1.3 Protection from corrosion
Bursting disc safety devices are frequently required to operate in corrosive environments
and, therefore, components manufactured from materials affected by corrosion shall, where
appropriate, be protected by coating, plating or lining.
Coatings and plating shall be applied to give an even and homogeneous coating to the
surfaces to be protected.
Linings shall be seamless and supplied with the bursting disc safety device so as to preserve
them as a set or integral unit.
The corrosion protection shall be supplied by the manufacturer.

The corrosion protection shall not impair the performance of the bursting disc safety device.
2.2 TYPES OF BURSTING DISCS
2.2.1 Conventional domed bursting discs (forward-acting)
Conventional domed bursting discs shall be designed so that they burst due to tensile
stresses when the bursting pressure is applied to the concave side of the bursting disc (see
Figure 1).
They shall be domed by a means sufficient to cause a permanent set such that no further
plastic flow will occur initially when the bursting disc is subjected to its intended operating
condition.
Standards Australia
AS 13582004
FIGURE 1 CONVENTIONAL DOMED BURSTING DISC (FORWARD ACTING)
Conventional domed bursting discs include the following types:

(a)
Conventional simple domed This type of bursting disc shall have one or more layers,
the bursting pressure of which is controlled by the ultimate tensile strength of the
material(s).
(b)
Conventional slotted domed This type of bursting disc shall have two or more layers,
at least one of which shall have slits or slots so as to reduce its strength and to control
the bursting pressure.
(c)
Conventional scored simple domed This type of bursting disc shall be scored such
that when the bursting pressure is reached, the bursting disc opens along the score.
(d)
Conventional simple domed with knife blades This type of bursting disc shall open
by being cut by the knife blades when the bursting pressure is reached.
2.2.2 Reverse domed bursting discs (reverse-acting)
Reverse domed bursting discs shall be designed to function due to buckling, bending or
shearing stresses when the bursting pressure is applied to the convex side of the bursting
disc (see Figure 2).
FIGURE 2 REVERSE DOMED BURSTING DISC (REVERSE ACTING)
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Reverse domed bursting discs include the following types:

(a)
Reverse domed scored This type of bursting disc shall be scored such that, when the
dome reverses at the bursting pressure, the bursting disc opens along the score. The
bursting disc may also have areas of weakness which determine the pressure at which
the bursting disc reverses.
(b)
Reverse domed having slip or tear-away design This type of bursting disc shall
function by being expelled downstream from the bursting disc holder.
NOTE: A catching device may be provided for this type of bursting disc.
(c)
Reverse domed with knife blades This type of bursting disc shall open by being cut
by knife blades during reversal of the dome.
(d)
Reverse domed that function by shearing This type of bursting disc shall have one or
more layers which upon reversal opens due to shearing forces.
(e)
Reverse domed composite or multi-layered This type of bursting disc shall have two
or more layers at least one of which shall contain areas of weakness of such a
configuration as to determine the pressure at which the bursting disc reverses.
2.2.3 Flat bursting discs

Flat bursting discs shall have one or more layers. According to the type, they may require a
bursting disc holder, or be fitted directly between installation flanges.
Flat bursting discs include the following types:
(a)
Graphite replaceable element This type of bursting disc shall be plane or recessed
and used in conjunction with a bursting disc holder. They shall be designed to burst
due to bending or shearing forces, (see Figure 3).
FIGURE 3 TYPICAL REPLACEABLE ELEMENT GRAPHITE BURSTING DISC AND

HOLDER
(b)
Graphite monobloc This type of bursting disc shall be designed so as to fit directly
between the installation flanges. They may be recessed on one or both sides according
to the bursting pressure and direction in which it is to be applied (see Figure 4).
Graphite monobloc bursting discs may be reinforced with an external armour ring.
This design may be provided with a lining on the pressure side.
The pressure containing capability of graphite monobloc bursting discs, after
bursting, shall be determined by one of the methods given in Clause 2.3.1.1.
NOTE: For this design of graphite monobloc bursting disc, the diameter of the downstream
piping adjacent to the bursting disc should follow the manufacturers instructions. Normally
this diameter will be greater than the inside diameter of the recess.
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(c)
AS 13582004
Flat slotted lined This type of bursting disc shall have two or more layers. At least
one of the layers shall have, for example, slits or slots so as to reduce its strength and
to control the bursting pressure. According to the design it may be necessary for the
bursting disc to be used in conjunction with a bursting disc holder.
FIGURE 4 MONOBLOC GRAPHITE BURSTING

DISCSDIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS
2.2.4 Other types and designs

Other types and designs of bursting discs are permitted providing that they meet the
requirements of this Standard.
2.3 BURSTING DISC HOLDERS
2.3.1 Design
2.3.1.1 Pressure containing capability
The pressure containing capability of bursting disc holders shall be determined by one of
the following:
(a)
Calculation generally according to design rules for flanged connections such as

AS 1210.
(b)
Other established design methods of the manufacturer.
(c)
Experimental design procedure(s) developed by the manufacturer, carried out on

prototypes, or on representative production samples.
NOTE: For (b) and (c) above, the user may choose to reserve the right to review and then either
agree with, reject or request modifications to the methods and/or procedures proposed by the
manufacturer.
2.3.1.2 Other design requirements

The design of the bursting disc holder shall ensure the following:
(a)
The accurate positioning of the bursting disc assembly.
(b)
The bursting disc assembly, where applicable, can only be fitted the correct way
round.
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(c)
The ability to apply or transmit a clamping load appropriate to the particular bursting
disc assembly.
(d)
Where appropriate, the correct fitting of a back pressure support (see Clause 2.4).
(e)
When installed in accordance with the manufacturers installation instructions, it

provides adequate pressure containment under the specified service conditions.
(f)
The position of any holes for pre-assembly screws is compatible with the specified
gaskets used between the bursting disc holder and the installation flanges.
(g)
The accurate positioning within the pressure system connection including direction of
flow.
(h)
Its suitability for the specified service conditions.
(i)
Correct functioning of the bursting disc assembly.

NOTE: It is recommended that the bursting disc holder is so designed as to protect the bursting
disc assembly during installation and removal. With domed bursting discs this can be achieved by
ensuring that the dome does not protrude beyond the bursting disc holder. Other methods may be
used subject to agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
2.3.2 Types
The type of bursting disc holder shall be appropriate to the particular type of bursting disc
and suitable for its intended use.
Bursting disc holders include the following types:
(a)
Insert/capsule Insert/capsule bursting disc holders shall have an inlet and outlet
member, with or without fasteners and shall fit within the installation flange bolting
(see Figure 5).
FIGURE 5 TYPICAL INSERT/CAPSULE BURSTING DISC HOLDER
(b)
Full face flange Full face flange bursting disc holders shall have an inlet and outlet
member, with or without fasteners and shall have holes/slots to suit the installation
flange bolting (see Figure 6).
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AS 13582004
FIGURE 6 TYPICAL FULL FACE FLANGE BURSTING DISC HOLDER
(c)
Union Union bursting disc holders shall have an inlet and outlet member connected
by a union nut (see Figure 7).
FIGURE 7 TYPICAL UNION BURSTING DISC HOLDERS
(d)
Plug/screw Plug/screw bursting disc holders shall have an inlet and outlet member
which are screwed together. The outlet member may be muffled outlet design (see
Figure 8).
(e)
Other Other types of bursting disc holders are permitted providing that they meet the
requirements of this Standard.
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FIGURE 8 TYPICAL PLUG/SCREW BURSTING DISC HOLDERS
2.3.3 Connections
Where bursting disc holders fit between installation flanges, for example, insert/capsule and
full face flange types, the facing and surface finish of the bursting disc holder shall be
compatible with that of the purchasers piping specifications.
For other types (see Clause 2.3.2(c) and (d)) the connections to the installation may be
threaded, welded, proprietary etc., according to the purchasers requirements.
2.4 BACK PRESSURE SUPPORTS
2.4.1 General
Where a bursting disc is to be subjected in service to a differential back pressure it shall be
supported by a back pressure support unless the bursting disc is capable of withstanding the
back pressure.
The back pressure support shall be supplied by the manufacturer either permanently
attached to the bursting disc, or it shall form part of a bursting disc safety device that
ensures the back pressure support can only be assembled to the correct side of the bursting
disc.
The back pressure support shall be free from all burrs or similar imperfections which would
cause a bursting disc to function incorrectly.
2.4.2 Opening back pressure supports

The opening back pressure support shall fit closely against, and give adequate support to,
the bursting disc. The support shall be of a design such that the pressure in the system is
transmitted to the bursting disc.
When the bursting disc has burst, the back pressure support shall open when subjected to a
pressure not exceeding the specified minimum bursting pressure or the specified bursting
pressure minus the negative tolerance at the coincident temperature of the associated
bursting disc.
2.4.3 Non-opening back pressure supports
The non-opening back pressure support shall fit closely against and give adequate support
to the bursting disc. The support shall have openings to allow the discharge of fluid.
2.5 TEMPERATURE SHIELDS
The temperature shields shall be designed and manufactured so as to reduce the temperature
at the bursting disc in order to avoid incorrect functioning of the bursting disc.
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AS 13582004
2.6 STIFFENING RINGS

Stiffening rings shall provide reinforcement to, and protection of, the seating area of the
bursting disc without interfering with the correct functioning of the bursting disc. They
shall be permanently attached to the bursting disc.
2.7 GASKET/SEALS
Gaskets/seals forming part of the bursting disc safety device shall be compatible with the
chemical, thermal and mechanical demands of the application (see Clause 2.1.1).
The use, type, material and dimensions shall be as specified by the manufacturer.
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SECT ION 3
APP L I C AT I O N AND SE L ECT I O N
OF BURST I N G D ISCS AN D BURST I NG D ISC
D E V I CE S
3.1 APPLICATION
3.1.1 General
Subject to the requirements of the relevant application Standard covering the equipment to
be protected, bursting disc safety devices may be used either as the sole pressure relieving
device, in conjunction with safety valves or as part of a combination device.
The discharge capacity of a system including a bursting disc safety device and its maximum
limit of bursting pressure (see Figure 9) at the coincident temperature shall be such that the
maximum relieving pressure does not exceed the requirements of the protected equipment.
NOTE: Appendix C gives methods for determining discharge capacity of pressure relief systems
incorporating bursting disc safety devices.
The use of a bursting disc safety device as the sole pressure relieving device may be
preferred where
(a)
the rate of increase in pressure may be such that the rate of response of a safety valve
would make it unsuitable;
(b)
leakage of the fluid cannot be tolerated under operating conditions;
(c)
operating conditions may involve deposition, which would make a safety valve
inoperative;
(d)
the effect of low temperature would prevent a safety valve from operating; or
(e)
large discharge areas are required.
NOTE: A bursting disc safety device is a non-reclosing pressure relieving device, which after
bursting could result in the total loss of pressure/contents from the protected equipment.
For all applications the pressure relief system shall be such that following the bursting of
the bursting disc assembly any fragmentation or release of material does not
(i)
cause an unacceptable flow restriction within the pressure relief system;
(ii)
impair the proper functioning of any other safety device; or
(iii) affect the certified (discharge) capacity of any other safety device.
3.1.2 With safety valve(s)
Bursting disc safety devices in conjunction with safety valve(s) may be used in the
following cases:
(a)
In series, to protect the safety valve against corrosion, fouling or operating conditions
which may affect the safety valve performance.
(b)
In series, to prevent leakage.
(c)
In series, to prevent total loss of contents from the protected equipment following the
bursting of the bursting disc.
(d)
In parallel, as an additional safeguard.
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AS 13582004
3.1.3 Installed upstream of a safety valve

Where a bursting disc safety device is to be installed upstream of a safety valve the
following requirements shall be met:
(a)
The specified bursting requirements of the bursting disc safety device shall comply
with the relevant requirements of the protected equipment.
(b)
For those applications where the bursting disc safety device forms part of a
combination device, the requirements for which shall comply with the relevant
application Standard(s).
(c)
The space between the bursting disc and the safety valve shall be provided with a
means for preventing unacceptable build up in pressure.
NOTE: Bursting discs, being pressure differential devices, will require a higher pressure in the
protected equipment to burst the bursting disc if pressure builds up in the space between the
bursting disc and the safety valve which will occur should leakage develop in the bursting disc
due to corrosion, or due to back pressure in the discharge piping, or other cause.
3.1.4 Installed downstream of a safety valve

Where a bursting disc safety device is to be installed downstream of a safety valve, the
following requirements shall be met:
(a)
The bursting disc safety device and discharge piping shall be so designed as not to
impair the operating characteristics of the safety valve.
(b)
The space between the bursting disc and the safety valve shall be provided with a
means for preventing unacceptable build up in pressure.
NOTE: A spring-loaded safety valve, which is not balanced, cannot open at its set pressure if
back pressure builds up in the space between the safety valve and the bursting disc safety device.
A particular design of safety valve may be required.
(c)
The maximum limit of bursting pressure of the bursting disc at the coincident
temperature plus any pressure in the discharge piping shall not exceed the
(i)
back pressure limitations of the safety valve;
(ii)
design pressure of any pipe or fitting between the safety valve and the bursting
disc safety device; and
(iii) pressure permitted by the relevant application Standard.
3.1.5 Installed both upstream and downstream of a safety valve

A bursting disc safety device may be installed both upstream and downstream of a safety
valve provided that the requirements of Clause 3.1.2 and Clause 3.1.3 are met.
3.1.6 Parallel installation with a safety valve
A bursting disc safety device fitted in parallel with a safety valve as an additional safeguard
(e.g. to protect equipment against the consequence of a rapid rise in pressure) shall be
specified to burst at a pressure not exceeding the relevant requirements of the protected
equipment.
3.1.7 Bursting discs in series
Where a bursting disc safety device is fitted in series with a second bursting disc safety
device, the following requirements shall be met:
(a)
A space between the two bursting discs shall be large enough to ensure the correct
functioning of the bursting discs.
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AS 13582004
(b)
18
The space between the bursting disc shall be provided with a means for preventing
unacceptable build up in pressure.
NOTE: Bursting discs, being pressure differential devices, will require a higher pressure in the
protected equipment to burst the bursting disc if pressure builds up in the space between the
bursting discs which will occur should leakage develop in the bursting disc due to corrosion or
other causes.
3.2 SELECTION
3.2.1 Selection of bursting disc safety devices
The following requirements and recommendations apply to the selection of safety devices:
(a)
The manufacturers advice should be sought when selecting a bursting disc safety
device for a particular application.
(b)
Bursting disc safety devices are differential pressure devices and therefore the
pressure on both the upstream and the downstream side of the bursting disc shall be
taken into consideration.
(c)
Consideration shall to be given to the replacement period of the bursting disc

assembly. This period depends upon the type and material of the bursting disc
assembly, operating conditions and many other factors.
(d)
Bursting disc safety devices are frequently required to work in corrosive

environments where corrosion may cause premature failure of the bursting disc.
Materials likely to be affected by corrosion may be protected by coating, plating or
lining. Such coating, plating or lining shall be supplied only by the manufacturer.
(e)
Selection of the appropriate bursting disc material depends upon the chemical and
physical conditions that will exist on both the upstream side and the downstream side
of the bursting disc safety device when it is in service.
(f)
Where there is the possibility of deposition of sublimates or other solids on the

upstream side of the bursting disc safety device, consideration shall be given to
selecting a type of bursting disc safety device suitable for such conditions.
(g)
When selecting the size of bursting disc safety devices, the inclusion of any back
pressure support shall be taken into account when determining the minimum crosssection flow area.
(h)
The bursting pressure of a bursting disc according to its material and type may vary
with its temperature.
Data regarding the expected variation of bursting pressure according to the
temperature for a batch of busting discs should be requested from the manufacturer.
Generally, in the temperature range 15C to 30C inclusive, there is no significant
variation in the bursting pressure. However, below or above this range a bursting disc
may have respectively a lower or higher bursting pressure than that within the range.
When a bursting disc safety device is specified with a bursting pressure at a
coincident temperature to protect equipment, the bursting disc may not give the
necessary protection with regard to the bursting pressure of the bursting disc over the
whole temperature range of the protected equipment.
The coincident temperature may not be the same as the temperature of the fluid. The
coincident temperature may be determined by the direct measurement or by the
calculation using established heat transfer methods.
Standards Australia
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AS 13582004
(i)
Bursting discs should be protected from excessive temperature by suitable location,

temperature shields or other means. When it is necessary to protect a bursting disc
from excessive temperature, the influence of the protection should be considered
when establishing the coincident temperature.
(j)
The type of bursting disc holder and its inlet and outlet connections shall be
appropriate to the method of installing the bursting disc safety device and the
requirements for the safe discharge of the fluid.
(k)
Where a bursting disc safety device is to be installed upstream of a safety valve, so as

to form a combination device, the selection shall take into consideration the
requirements of the relevant application Standard(s).
(l)
Where a bursting disc safety device is to be selected for installation upstream and/or
downstream of a safety valve, both the bursting disc safety device manufacturer and
the safety valve manufacturer shall be consulted. In the case of downstream
application the effects on the set pressure of the safety valve due to potential leakage
across the safety valve seat and/or from the downstream side of the bursting disc
safety device shall be considered.
3.2.2 Selection of the performance tolerance

The performance tolerance is dependent upon a number of factors, including the following:
(a)
Type of bursting disc.
(b)
Material of the bursting disc.
(c)
Method of manufacture.
In selecting the performance tolerance for a particular application, consideration shall be

given to the above factors and the process conditions. The performance tolerance shall be
specified by the manufacturer after consultation with the purchaser using one of the two
alternative methods described in Figure 9. Typical performance tolerances are given in
Table 1.
The minimum limit of bursting pressure shall be selected to ensure that there is a suitable
margin between it and the operating pressure. Due consideration shall be given to the
operating ratio appropriate to the material and type of bursting disc and the process
conditions. Typical maximum operating ratios are given in Table 2.
Standards Australia
AS 13582004
20
TABLE 1
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE TOLERANCES
Type of bursting disc
See Clause 2.2
Specified bursting
pressure (MPa gauge)
Typical performance
tolerance
Conventional simple domed
Below 0.05
50%
Conventional slotted domed
0.05 to below 0.15
30% to 15%
Conventional scored simple domed
0.15 and above
10%
Below 0.2
0.01 MPa
0.2 and above
5%
Below 0.3
0.015 MPa
0.3 and above
5%
Below 0.1
15%
0.1 to below 0.2
10%
0.2 and above
5%
Below 0.1
0.015 MPa
0.1 to below 0.3
15%
0.3 and above
5%
Below 0.3
0.015 MPa
0.3 and above
5%
Below 0.05
15%
0.05 to below 0.3
10%
0.3 and above
5%
Graphite replaceable element
Below 0.05
Up to 25%
Graphite monobloc
0.05 and above
10%
Below 0.05
50%
0.05 to below 0.15
30% to 15%
0.15 and above
10%
Conventional simple domed with knife blades
Reverse domed scored
Reverse domed having slip or tear-away design
Reverse domed with knife blades
Reverse domed that functions by shearing
Reverse domed composite or multi-layered
Flat slotted lined
NOTES:
1
This Table gives guidance to typical performance tolerances. Closer tolerances can be achieved.
The typical performance tolerances as shown are specified bursting pressure with equal positive and
negative percentages or quantities. These can be converted to specified maximum bursting pressure and
specified minimum bursting pressure.
For each application the performance tolerance should be obtained from the manufacturer.
Standards Australia
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AS 13582004
(a) Specified maximum bursting pressure and specified minimum bursting pressure with a coincident
temperature
(b) Specified bursting pressure and performance tolerance with a coincident temperature
NOTE: Performance tolerance includes manufacturing design range and burst tolerance.
FIGURE 9 METHODS FOR SPECIFYING BURSTING DISCS
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AS 13582004
22
TABLE 2
TYPICAL MAXIMUM OPERATING RATIOS
Type of bursting disc
Typical maximum operating ratio
See Clause 2.2

Conventional simple domed
0.7
Conventional slotted domed
0.8
Conventional scored simple domed
0.8
Conventional simple domed with knife blades
0.7
Reverse domed scored
0.9
Reverse domed having slip or tear away design
0.9
Reverse domed with knife blades
0.9
Reverse domed that functions by shearing
0.9
Reverse domed composite or multi-layered
0.9
Graphite replaceable element
0.8
Graphite monobloc
0.8
Flat slotted lined
0.5
NOTES:
1
For the definition of operating ratio, see Clause 1.3.27.
This Table gives guidance as to typical maximum operating ratios for a temperature in the
range 15C to 30C.
The operating ratio is dependent upon a number of factors including bursting disc material,
temperature and pressure cycling or pulsations, which need to be considered in order to
achieve an acceptable replacement period.
For each application the operating ratio should be obtained from the manufacturer.
3.3 DISCHARGE CAPACITY

The discharge capacity of a bursting disc used as the primary relief device shall be
sufficient to discharge the maximum quantity of fluid that can be generated or supplied to a
pressure system while preventing the pressure from exceeding the pressures permitted by
Standards covering the system to be protected.
NOTE: A method of calculating discharge capacities is given in Appendix C.
3.4 IDENTIFICATION AND MARKING

Information used for identification and the method of marking of bursting discs and
bursting disc devices are specified in Appendix A.
3.5 TESTING AND CERTIFICATION
Information used for testing and certification of bursting discs is specified in Appendix D.
Standards Australia
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SECT ION
I NSTA L L A T I ON O F
D I S C D E V IC E S
AS 13582004
B U R ST ING
4.1 LOCATION OF BURSTING DISC SAFETY DEVICES

The following requirements and options apply:
(a)
A bursting disc safety device shall be placed as close as practicable to the protected
equipment, taking into account pressure pulsations, temperature, and other service
conditions.
(b)
The pressure relief system shall be properly sized, as straight and as short as
practicable, terminating in such a way as to avoid dangerous or damaging conditions
arising on venting.
(c)
The pressure relief system piping shall be properly designed, so that any thermal
movement of the protected equipment and the pressure relief system piping does not
cause excessive forces on the bursting disc safety device that may lead to incorrect
functioning or failure.
(d)
Bursting disc safety devices shall be mounted so that they are accessible for
replacement and protected from accidental damage.
(e)
Provision shall be made to absorb the effect of reaction forces on the protected
equipment, which will arise during relieving conditions.
A baffle plate may be fitted downstream of a bursting disc safety device to redirect
the discharge fluid and/or reduce recoil providing that it does not reduce the required
discharge capacity of the pressure relief system.
(f)
In the case of the discharge of a hazardous fluid, the potential danger shall be
considered and appropriate measures taken to minimize the hazard.
(g)
Precautions shall be taken to prevent deposition on the upstream side of the bursting
disc safety device and in the part leading to it, of sublimates or other solids that could
affect the safe operation of the bursting disc.
Liquid or foreign matter shall be prevented from accumulating within the discharge
piping and/or on the downstream side of the bursting disc.
(h)
In the case of graphite monobloc bursting discs which are recessed on the inlet side
(see Figure 4) the internal diameter of the discharge pipe adjacent to the downstream
side of the bursting disc shall be larger than the inside diameter of the recess.
(i)
Where plug/screw bursting disc holders are to be installed in a pressure relief system,
an additional connection may be required to facilitate the assembly and replacement
of the bursting disc assembly.
4.2 INSTALLATION OF BURSTING DISC SAFETY DEVICES

The following requirements and recommendations apply:
(a)
The bursting disc safety device shall be assembled and installed in accordance with
the manufacturer's assembly and installation instructions.
NOTE: If the components of a bursting disc safety device are handled, assembled or installed
incorrectly, the bursting disc can burst at a pressure higher or lower than the required burst
pressure.
Standards Australia
AS 13582004
(b)
24
The bursting disc safety device or any of its components as supplied shall not be
modified in any way except with the approval of the manufacturer.
An additional protective film or coating shall not be applied to a bursting disc except
when approved by the manufacturer since this may considerably affect the bursting
pressure of the bursting disc.
(c)
The bursting disc safety device shall be checked for freedom from visible defects
immediately before installation and care taken during installation to avoid damage.
(d)
Prior to assembly, the bursting disc holder reference, marked on the bursting
disc/bursting disc assembly, shall be checked to ensure that it coincides with that
marked on the bursting disc holder.
(e)
When assembling the bursting disc safety device components the fitting of any back
pressure support shall be checked to ensure that it is correct.
(f)
Any directional arrow, bolting torque instructions and reference to the use of gaskets
shall be complied with during installation.
(g)
The type, material and dimensions of the gaskets used between the bursting disc
safety device and the flanges between which it is to be installed shall be suitable for
the specified conditions and compatible with the flange facing and finish of the
contact faces of the bursting disc safety device and the flanges. The manufacturer's
advice should be sought concerning the effect on the performance of the bursting disc
safety device of the bolt load required to seat the gasket and maintain a seal under the
specified conditions.
(h)
To ensure the correct performance of the bursting disc safety device and the effective
sealing of the gasket used between the bursting disc safety device and the flanges
between which it is installed, the bursting disc safety device shall be located centrally
within the flanges.
(i)
Where identification marks are not visible when the bursting disc/bursting disc safety
device is installed on the protected equipment, the purchaser shall be responsible for
attaching to the installation a suitable tag which shall be permanently marked with the
same information as that given on the bursting disc/bursting disc safety device or in
the package.
4.3 BACKPRESSURE SUPPORTS

Backpressure supports, where required, shall be installed in accordance with the
recommendations of the manufacturer.
The edges of the slits or perforations of a backpressure support shall be free from all burrs
or similar imperfections that might cause a premature failure. If there is not adequate
discharge capacity through the slits or perforations of an opening backpressure support, the
support shall open when submitted to a pressure not exceeding the minimum bursting
pressure at the coincident temperature of the associated bursting disc. The support shall
open to permit the discharge of the contents of the system in accordance with Clause 3.3
when the disc has burst.
4.4 MODIFICATIONS
Bursting discs, bursting disc devices, and associated components shall not be modified
without the advice of the manufacturer and the approval of the parties concerned.
4.5 GASKETS
Gaskets used on either or both sides of a bursting disc shall be compatible with the
chemical, thermal, and mechanical demands of the application. The use, type, material and
dimensions shall be as specified by the manufacturer.
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AS 13582004
APPENDIX A
IDENTIFICATION AND MARKING OF BURSTING DISCS AND

BURSTING DISC DEVICES
(Normative)
A1 IDENTIFICATION
A1.1 Bursting discs
The following information shall be used to identify bursting discs:
(a)
Manufacturers identity.
(b)
Manufacturing number (serial number, batch number, or lot number).
(c)
Type of bursting disc.
(d)
Nominal size.
(e)
Material identity.
(f)
Maximum and minimum specified bursting pressures and coincident temperature, or

the specified bursting pressure and a performance tolerance and coincident
temperature.
NOTE: The range of pressure between the maximum and minimum specified bursting
pressures is equivalent to the performance tolerance.
(g)
Appropriate bursting disc holder identity.
(h)
Identity of associated ancillary components, such as temperature shields.
(i)
Vent area of any restriction permanently attached to the bursting disc, e.g. nonopening backpressure support.
A1.2 Bursting disc holders
The following information shall be used to identify bursting disc holders:

(a)
(b)
Type of bursting disc holder.
(c)
Nominal size.
(d)
Material identity.
(e)
Design pressure and temperature.
(f)
Vent area of any fixed or loose restriction, e.g. non-opening backpressure support,
knife blades, etc. provided with the bursting disc holder.
A1.3 Ancillary components

Ancillary components, such as temperature shields and linings, which may be supplied
separately from a bursting disc assembly, shall be identified by reference to that bursting
disc assembly.
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26
A2 MARKING
A2.1 Bursting discs
A bursting disc shall have an identification tag permanently attached so that its identity may
be visible when the disc is installed. If this type of marking is not possible, a separate
identification tag shall be supplied.
The direction of flow shall be shown on the identification tag or shall be identified by a
marking on the disc showing vent side.
A2.2 Bursting disc holders
Bursting disc holders shall be permanently marked with identification details on any
suitable and visible surface, and where appropriate, the direction of flow shall be
incorporated in the marking.
A2.3 Ancillary components
Ancillary components shall be marked with identification details and direction of flow by a
method suitable to their size and construction. Ancillary components may be supplied
separately.
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AS 13582004
APPENDIX B
INFORMATION TO ASSIST DESIGN OR SELECTION OF BURSTING DISCS

AND BURSTING DISC DEVICES
(Informative)
B1 APPLICATION DETAILS
The following information should be supplied by the purchaser:
(a)
Description of the vessel, equipment, or system to be protected, and vessel design

Standard where appropriate.
(b)
Intended application of the bursting disc device. State if the device is required to
operate as the primary relief device, secondary relief device, for safety valve
isolation, or in some other capacity.
(c)
Performance specification and relative position of any safety valves or other safety
devices fitted to the equipment or system.
(d)
The fluid which may come in contact with any part of the bursting disc device;
physical properties of the fluid (e.g. gas, vapour, liquid, or solid); wet or dry, at all
stages of the process (including venting); chemical properties of the fluid which may
affect bursting disc performance.
(e)
All conditions of temperature and pressure (including backpressure) to which the

bursting disc may be subjected. Rate and frequency of pressure changes, if applicable.
(f)
Expected relieving pressure and relieving temperature.
B2 BURSTING DISC OPERATING DETAILS

(a)
Maximum specified bursting pressure and coincident temperature.
(b)
Minimum specified bursting pressure and coincident temperature.
(c)
Rate of pressure change to bursting pressure, where appropriate.
(d)
Bursting disc device theoretical discharge capacity required to prevent accumulated

pressure exceeding allowed maximum.
(e)
Minimum bursting device discharge area required through the bursting disc device
discharge area.
(f)
Materials which may not be used for safety, corrosion, or other reasons.
B3 INSTALLATION DETAILS
(a)
Physical location of bursting disc device in system, preferably in the form of a sketch.
(b)
Method of fitting bursting disc device in system (e.g. between flanges, direct fitting
to one flange, direct weld to outlet).
(c)
Inlet pipe diameter to bursting disc and outlet pipe diameter from bursting disc,
including flange size, rating, type and specification or other fixing details (e.g. thread
specification and size).
(d)
Type and preferred material of bursting disc holder.
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AS 13582004
28
(e)
Form and finish of external mating surfaces if required other than to the
manufacturers standard.
(f)
The type, size and material of any gaskets to be used with the bursting disc device.
B4 SPECIAL DETAILS
(a)
Testing and certification requirements (see Appendix D).
(b)
Special features required in the bursting disc device (e.g. excess flow valve, pressure
monitoring device, jacking bolts, lifting rings).
(c)
Special features of application not stated elsewhere.
B5 REORDER INFORMATION
When reordering a bursting disc or bursting disc device, the purchaser should supply the
information shown in Paragraphs B1, B2, B3, and B4, as appropriate. Alternatively, if there
have been no changes in operating or design conditions, and a replacement item from the
same manufacturer is required, the serial number, batch number, lot number, and other
information marked on or supplied with the original item is sufficient reorder information
(see Appendix A).
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AS 13582004
APPENDIX C
PRESSURE RELIEF SYSTEM DISCHARGE CAPACITY

(Informative)
C1 GENERAL
This Appendix gives guidance on the determination of the mass flow rate of a pressure
relief system that contains a bursting disc safety device. It relates to single phase flow.
The discharge capacity of the pressure relief system should be such as to ensure that under
relieving conditions the maximum allowable pressure of the protected equipment is not
exceeded by more than the permitted accumulation.
Two methods are given:
(a)
Paragraph C2 gives a simplified approach, neglecting pressure drops in the inlet

piping and in the discharge piping. Therefore, this method is of limited application.
Symbols and their description are given in Table C2.
(b)
Paragraph C3 gives a comprehensive approach for calculation of pressure relief

systems where consideration is given to the changes in pressure throughout the entire
pressure relief system.
It is important to ensure that the method selected is relevant to the particular application
and is correctly applied by those appropriately qualified and experienced.
C2 SIMPLIFIED APPROACH
C2.1 General
This method should be used where it can be safely assumed that there are only negligible
pressure drops in the inlet piping and the discharge piping is limited to those applications
where
(a)
the bursting disc safety device discharges directly to atmosphere;
(b)
the bursting disc safety device is installed within eight pipe diameters from the entry
to the equipment nozzle;
(c)
the bursting disc safety device discharge area is not less than 50% of the inlet pipe
area;
(d)
the nozzle configurations are as given in Table C1;
(e)
the flow is single phase;
(f)
the length of the discharge pipe following the bursting disc safety device does not
exceed five pipe diameters; and
(g)
the nominal pipe diameter of the inlet and discharge piping are equal to, or greater
than the nominal size of the bursting disc safety device.
C2.2 Compressible fluids

C2.2.1 General
In this case, the flow rate is controlled by the nozzle entry configuration of the equipment
and the bursting disc safety device. A combined discharge coefficient is denoted by .
The values of the discharge coefficients given in Table C1 for the nozzle entry
configuration and the bursting disc safety device to be used for compressible fluids are
based on experimental work.
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30
TABLE C1
DISCHARGE COEFFICENT
Number
Branch/nozzle type
Comment
Discharge coefficient,
In the case of an internally

protruding branch/nozzle
1
0.68
In the case of a flush

branch/nozzle or a block flange
whose inlets are not of
hydrodynamic configuration
In the case of a branch/nozzle or

a block flange of hydrodynamic
configuration, e.g. with rounded
or chamfered inlets
0.73
0.80
C2.2.2 Critical and subcritical flow

The flow rate of a compressible fluid through an orifice, such as a bursting disc safety
device, increases as the downstream pressure is decreased until critical flow is achieved. A
further decrease in the downstream pressure will not result in any further increase of the
flow rate.
Critical flow occurs when:
k
Pb 2 k 1
Po k + 1
. . . C1
Subcritical flow occurs when:

k
Pb 2 k 1
>
Po k + 1
. . . C2
where the validity of Rankines law is assumed.

C2.2.3 Discharge capacity at critical flow
C2.2.3.1 Discharge capacity for any gas/vapour
The discharge capacity at critical flow can be derived from one of the following equations:
qm
0.9117 C A o
1.097
10 C A o P o
Po
vo
. . . C3(1)
or
Ao
qm
C
vo
Po
. . . C3(2)
or
qm
Standards Australia
M
To Z o
. . . C3(3)
31
AS 13582004
or
=
Ao
0.1
qm
C Po
To Z o
M
. . . C3(4)
where the validity of Rankines law is assumed and:

( k + 1)
2 ( k 1) )
3.948 k
k + 1
. . . C4
The value of k used to determine C should be based on the actual flowing conditions.
The compressibility factor, Zo should be assessed from Appendix G of AS 1271
2003.
C2.2.3.2 Discharge capacity for steam
The following apply for dry and wet steam:
(a)
Dry saturated or superheated

The discharge capacity for dry saturated or superheated steam can be derived from
Equations C3(1) and C3(2). However, the values of k, C and v should be based on the
actual flowing conditions of the steam. Alternatively, the methods of Appendix F of
AS 12712003 may be used.
(b)
Wet
The following equation is applicable only to homogenous wet steam of dryness 90%
and over (i.e. x > 0.9):
qm
0.9117 C Ao Po
v o
. . . C5
C2.2.4 Discharge coefficient at critical flow

The combined discharge coefficients from three specific types of nozzle and bursting disc
safety device combinations are listed in Table C1.
These discharge coefficients are valid where: 0.5 A1 A o A1.

Where required by the relevant application Standard or where the nozzle/disc configuration
if different from the requirements of Paragraph C2.1, the comprehensive method should
apply.
C2.2.5 Discharge capacity at subcritical flow
The discharge capacity at subcritical flow can be derived from one of the following
equations:
qm
0.9117 C K b Ao
Po
vo
. . . C6(1)
or
1.097
Ao
qm
CK b
vo
Po
. . . C6(2)
or
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AS 13582004
32
qm
10 CK b Ao P o
0. 1
M
To Z o
. . . C6(3)
or
Ao
To Z o
M
qm
CK b Po
. . . C6(4)
For subcritical flow:
Kb
2k Pb
k 1 Po
k Pb

Po
k +1
. . . C7
For values, see Table 2 of AS 12712003.

For critical flow, Kb = 1.0.
C2.2.6 Discharge coefficient at subcritical flow
In the case of subcritical flow conditions, coefficients caused by flow restrictions
approximate with increasing pressure ratio P b/P o to those which have been demonstrated for
incompressible fluids.
C2.3 Incompressible fluids
C2.3.1 Discharge capacity
For incompressible fluids as single phase flow at the inlet and which do not flash to vapour
neither partly, nor completely on venting the following equations apply:
A1
qm
5.0913 A o K v .p
Ao
0.1964
qm
. . . C8(1)
. . . C8(2)
K v . p
NOTES:
1
The effect of static head should be considered.
Where the liquid has viscosity less than or equal to that of water at 20C, the factor K v can be
taken as 1.0. For greater viscosities the discharge through a given bursting disc safety device
will be reduced. The viscosity correction factor K v is related to the Reynolds number and can
be obtained from Figure F1 of AS 12712003. Reynolds number, Re can be established from
the equation:
Re
0.3134
qm
Ao
. . . C9
When sizing for viscous relief, first it should be established what the size would be for nonviscous service to obtain a preliminary area. Then the next largest size in calculating R e
should be selected. If the sizing equation shows that the area assumed in calculating Re was
too small, then the calculation should be repeated with the next largest size of a bursting disc
safety device.
C2.3.2 Discharge coefficient

The discharge coefficient is equal to 0.62 or as established in the relevant application
Standard.
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AS 13582004
C2.4 Selection of the bursting disc safety device flow area

The discharge area A B of a bursting disc safety device should not be less than the calculated
required minimum cross-sectional flow area A o, i.e:
AB Ao
NOTE: If the cross-sectional flow area of a bursting disc safety device being selected exceeds the
inlet pipe flow area A 1 then A 1 instead of AB is the controlling cross-sectional flow area. A1 should
not be less than Ao .
TABLE C2
SYMBOLS AND THEIR DESCRIPTIONS
Symbol
Description
Units
Ao
Required minimum cross-sectional flow area
mm 2
A1
Cross-sectional area of upstream piping
mm 2
AB
Bursting disc safety device discharge area
mm 2
Function of the isentropic exponent
Isentropic exponent
Kb
Theoretical capacity correction factor for subcritical flow
Kv
Viscosity correction factor
Molecular mass
kg/kmol
Pb
Back pressure
MPa abs
Po
Relieving pressure
MPa abs
qm
Mass flow rate
Universal gas constant
To
Relieving temperature
8314 J/mol/K
K
3
vo
Specific volume at actual relieving pressure and temperature
Zo
Compressibility factor at actual relieving pressure and temperature
Density
Dynamic viscosity
Pas
Differential pressure on venting across bursting disc safety device
MPa
kg/h
Discharge coefficient
m /kg
kg/m 3
C3 COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH
C3.1 General
This method takes into consideration the reversible and the irreversible changes in pressure
throughout the pressure relief system (e.g. nozzle entry, inlet pipe, bursting disc safety
device, discharge pipe and exit to a downstream vessel or to the atmosphere).
For analysis of the pressure relief system, information relating to the pressure loss after
bursting of the bursting disc safety device is required. Recognized fluid flow calculation
methods are adequate so long as the net flow area is known or can be verified and the
calculations are based on valid assumptions.
NOTE: A bursting disc cannot usually be considered to be a round, sharp-edged orifice.
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AS 13582004
C3.2
34
Compressible fluids
C3.2.1 Subcritical flow

In the case of subcritical flow a flow rate should be assumed and the changes in pressure
through the pressure relief system are calculated. An iterative procedure is used until the
flow rate, for which the calculated pressure drop is equal to or less than the pressure
difference available, is found.
C3.2.2
Critical flow
In the case of critical flow a detailed analysis for the entire pressure relief system should be
carried out in order to determine where the flow chokes and what is the discharge capacity
of the pressure relief system. The recommended method of carrying out the analysis is
(a)
determine the possible choke locations starting at the exit to the equipment nozzle;
and
(b)
assume a flow rate and then calculate the changes in pressure throughout the pressure
relief system from the exit towards the entry into the equipment nozzle. At each
possible choke point the pressure at which the velocity would be equal to the critical
velocity can be calculated. In this way, it can be established whether choking would
actually occur.
An iterative procedure should be used until the flow rate, for which the calculated pressure
drop is equal to or less than the pressure difference available, is found.
There are many sizing methods given in published literature but care should be exercised in
selecting the method relevant to the particular application. The wrong method can lead to
serious errors.
The most accurate method of sizing is to use a computer program based on the basic fluid
flow equations and thermodynamic/physical property data.
C3.3 Incompressible fluids
C3.3.1 General
It should be established whether the flow is dependent or independent of the Reynolds
number.
C3.3.2 Flow independent of the Reynolds number
Where the flow is independent of the Reynolds number (complete turbulence) the flow rate
can be determined directly by using the basic fluid flow equation.
C3.3.3 Flow dependent on the Reynolds number
Where flow is dependent on the Reynolds number a flow rate should be assumed and the
changes in pressure through the pressure relief system are calculated. An iterative
procedure is used until the flow rate, for which the calculated drop is equal to or less than
the pressure difference available, is found.
C4 DERIVATION OF COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR Z
The compressibility factor Z at relieving conditions can be obtained from accurate p-v-T
data for the gas, using the following equation:
Zo
105 Po v o M
RTo
. . . C10
In the absence of accurate data, the compressibility factor can be obtained from the reduced
temperature, T r = T o Tc and the reduced pressure pr = po pc of critical pressure of the pure
gas as shown in Figure G1 of AS 12712003.
Standards Australia
35
AS 13582004
C5 APPLICATION OF FLOW RESISTANCE FACTOR K R

The flow resistance factor K R is a dimensionless factor used to calculate the velocity head
loss that results from the presence of a bursting disc in a pressure relief system. A value for
K R is required when the Comprehensive Approach is used to calculate the discharge
capacity of a pressure relief system. Values of KR are provided by the manufacturer based
on certified testing of bursting discs under similar process conditions in accordance with a
recognized Standard (ASME Sect VIII Div 1 or ISO 4126-6). If no certified tested value of
K R is available, a value of KR = 2.4 may be used.
The following recommendations and options apply:
(a)
The certified value of KR may differ depending on the fluid state (e.g. liquid or gas)
and other process conditions, e.g. pressure.
(b)
A change in material for busting discs and for other components of bursting disc
assemblies such as seals, support rings and vacuum supports, should not be
considered a design change and does not require re-testing.
(c)
The flow resistance for bursting disc devices tested with non-pressure containing disc
items such as seals support rings and vacuum supports, is applicable for the same
bursting disc device design without seals, support rings or vacuum supports.
(d)
Additional linings, coating or platings may be used for the same design of bursting
disc devices provided that
the manufacturer has performed a verification bursting test of bursting discs
with the additional lining, coating or platings and has documented that the
addition of these materials does not affect the bursting disc opening
configuration; and
(ii)
such verification tests may be conducted with bursting disc of the smallest size
and minimum burst pressure for which the flow resistance with additional
materials is to be used.
When changes are made in the design of a bursting disc which affects the opening,
and/or burst performance characteristics of the device, new tests should be performed.
(e)
(i)
Standards Australia
AS 13582004
36
APPENDIX D
TESTING AND CERTIFICATION OF BURSTING DISCS

(Normative)
D1 GENERAL
The verification of the specified bursting pressure requirements of bursting discs/bursting
disc safety devices with non-replaceable bursting disc assemblies shall be carried out in
accordance with this Appendix.
Additional testing requirements necessitated by a particular application are subject to
contractual agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser.
D2 BURST TESTING
D2.1 General
A number of bursting discs/bursting disc safety devices with non-replaceable bursting disc
assemblies shall be selected at random from each batch (see Table D1) and be subjected to
burst testing in accordance with Paragraphs D2.2 to D2.4 in order to verify that the bursting
pressures are in accordance with the specified requirements.
Bursting tests carried out during the manufacture of the batch of bursting discs/bursting disc
safety devices with non-replaceable bursting disc assemblies, i.e. discarded and trial bursts,
shall not be considered as part of the batch.
D2.2 Coincident temperature in the range 15C to 30C
The number of bursting discs/bursting disc safety devices with non-replaceable bursting
disc assemblies in accordance with Table D1, shall be tested at any temperature in the range
15C to 30C.
D2.3 Coincident temperature above or below the range 15C to 30C
The number of bursting discs/bursting disc safety devices with non-replaceable bursting
disc assemblies in accordance with Table D1, shall be tested at the coincident temperature.
Alternatively, subject to specific agreement, testing may be carried out at a test temperature
in the range 15C to 30C inclusive providing that both the following are satisfied:
(a)
The relationship between the bursting pressure at the test temperature and the
bursting pressure at the coincident temperature is determined from the manufacturer's
certified bursting test data.
(b)
The relationship (used to establish the bursting pressure in the temperature range
15C to 30C) is specific for the type of bursting disc and the lot of material and is
appropriate to the nominal size.
The number to be tested shall be in accordance with Table D1.

The reference of the manufacturers certified bursting test data used to establish the
bursting pressure shall be recorded on the certificate.
Standards Australia
37
AS 13582004
TABLE D1
NUMBER OF BURSTING DISCS/BURSTING DISC
SAFETY DEVICES WITH NON-REPLACEABLE
BURSTING DISC ASSEMBLIES TO BE TESTED
Total number in a batch
Number to be tested
Less than 10
10 to 15
16 to 30
31 to 100
101 to 250
4% but not less than 6
251 to 999
3% but not less than 10
1000 and greater
Minimum 30
D2.4 Procedure for burst testing
The procedure shall be as follows:

(a)
Bursting discs shall be tested in a bursting disc holder or test die identical in orifice
size and orifice configuration with the bursting disc holder in which the bursting disc
is to be installed.
(b)
In the case of reverse domed bursting discs the test system shall have sufficient
capacity to ensure reversal and bursting of the bursting disc (see also Step(g)).
(c)
A clamping load shall be applied in accordance with the manufacturer's installation

instructions for the bursting disc to be tested.
(d)
The test installation shall be equipped with calibrated measuring and indicating
instruments that meet the requirements for the testing and certification specified for
the bursting disc or bursting disc safety device with non-replaceable bursting disc.
(e)
The pressure sensing device shall be located as near as practicable to the bursting disc
holder or test die inlet and connected to it in such a way as to minimize pressure drop.
(f)
In the case of tests to be carried out at specified coincident temperature(s) the

bursting disc and bursting disc holder or test die shall be maintained at the coincident
temperature for sufficient time to allow the temperature to stabilise before carrying
out the test. The coincident temperature shall be maintained throughout the test.
(g)
With one of the bursting discs/bursting disc safety devices with non-replaceable
bursting disc assemblies installed the pressure at the inlet shall be increased to 90 per
cent of the expected minimum bursting pressure in a time not less than 5 seconds.
Thereafter the pressure at the inlet shall be increased at a linear rate, which allows
accurate reading of the smallest graduation of the pressure gauge, but in not more
than 120 seconds, until the bursting disc bursts.
NOTE: Some applications may require testing procedures which deviate from the above.
These are subject to contractual agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser.
The bursting pressure and any other pertinent characteristics shall be recorded.
(h)
Where a bursting pressure is not in accordance with the specified bursting pressure
requirements, (see Clause 1.3.36), the batch shall be rejected.
(i)
The appropriate safety precautions shall be observed when carrying out the tests.
Standards Australia
AS 13582004
38
D3 CERTIFICATION
The manufacturer shall issue a certificate for each batch or part batch of bursting discs or
bursting disc safety devices with non-replaceable bursting disc assemblies, stating that they
have been manufactured and tested in accordance with the requirements of this Standard.
The certificate shall include the following information:
(b)
Manufacturers model/type reference.
(c)
Nominal size designation, as appropriate, for example DN or NPS.
(d)
The specified maximum bursting pressure and specified minimum bursting pressure
with a coincident temperature, stating units or the specified bursting pressure and
performance tolerance with a coincident temperature, stating units.
(e)
When testing in accordance with Paragraph D2.3(b), information as required in

Item (d) above and correlated to the conditions of the test.
(f)
Reference of the manufacturers certified bursting test data used to establish the
bursting pressure, (see Paragraph D2.3(b)).
(g)
Actual bursting pressure and the actual temperatures recorded during the tests.
(h)
Materials(s) of the bursting disc and components supplied (in the case of impregnated
graphite, the type of impregnant shall be stated).
(i)
Manufacturers identification mark.
(j)
Batch identity.
(k)
Number of this Standard, i.e. AS 1358.
(l)
Results of leakage tests, non-destructive examination etc., where appropriate.
(a)
Standards Australia
39
AMENDMENT CONTROL SHEET

AS 13582004
Amendment No. 1 (2007)
CORRECTION
SUMMARY: This Amendment applies to A ppendix C.
Published on 1 February 2007.
AS 13582004
AS 13582004
40
NOTES
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For further information visit www.standards.org.au
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AS 13582004

(Incorporating Amendment No. 1)

Accessed by BLUESCOPE STEEL LIMITED on 16 Mar 2007

Bursting discs and bursting disc

The following are represented on Committee ME-001:

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 04219.

Accessed by BLUESCOPE STEEL LIMITED on 16 Mar 2007

Keeping Standards upup-toto- date

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Accessed by BLUESCOPE STEEL LIMITED on 16 Mar 2007

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SECTION 4 INSTALLATION OF BURSTING DISC DEVICES

1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

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Pressure equipmentGlossary of terms

Safety devices for protection against excessive pressure

1.3.3 Backpressure support

1.3.4 Baffle plate

Accessed by BLUESCOPE STEEL LIMITED on 16 Mar 2007

1.3.11 Bursting disc safety device discharge area

1.3.16 Conventional domed bursting disc (also referred to as forward-acting)

1.3.27 Operating ratio

Operating pressure (MPa)

1.3.28 Operating temperature

1.3.37 Stiffening ring

Suitability with regard to manufacture.

2.1.2 Material specifications

Accessed by BLUESCOPE STEEL LIMITED on 16 Mar 2007

The corrosion protection shall be supplied by the manufacturer.

FIGURE 1 CONVENTIONAL DOMED BURSTING DISC (FORWARD ACTING)

Conventional domed bursting discs include the following types:

2.2.2 Reverse domed bursting discs (reverse-acting)

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FIGURE 2 REVERSE DOMED BURSTING DISC (REVERSE ACTING)

Reverse domed bursting discs include the following types:

2.2.3 Flat bursting discs

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FIGURE 3 TYPICAL REPLACEABLE ELEMENT GRAPHITE BURSTING DISC AND

FIGURE 4 MONOBLOC GRAPHITE BURSTING

2.2.4 Other types and designs

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Calculation generally according to design rules for flanged connections such as

Other established design methods of the manufacturer.

Experimental design procedure(s) developed by the manufacturer, carried out on

2.3.1.2 Other design requirements

The accurate positioning of the bursting disc assembly.

When installed in accordance with the manufacturers installation instructions, it

Its suitability for the specified service conditions.

Correct functioning of the bursting disc assembly.

Accessed by BLUESCOPE STEEL LIMITED on 16 Mar 2007

FIGURE 5 TYPICAL INSERT/CAPSULE BURSTING DISC HOLDER

FIGURE 6 TYPICAL FULL FACE FLANGE BURSTING DISC HOLDER

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FIGURE 7 TYPICAL UNION BURSTING DISC HOLDERS

FIGURE 8 TYPICAL PLUG/SCREW BURSTING DISC HOLDERS

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2.4.2 Opening back pressure supports

2.6 STIFFENING RINGS

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leakage of the fluid cannot be tolerated under operating conditions;

large discharge areas are required.

Accessed by BLUESCOPE STEEL LIMITED on 16 Mar 2007

cause an unacceptable flow restriction within the pressure relief system;

impair the proper functioning of any other safety device; or