AS 13582004
Australian Standard
This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee ME-001, Pressure Equipment. It was
approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 21 September 2004.
This Standard was published on 8 November 2004.
A.C.T. WorkCover
Australasian Institute of Engineer Surveyors
Australian Aluminium Council
Australian Building Codes Board
Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Australian Industry Group
Australian Institute of Energy
Australian Institute of Petroleum
Australian Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association
Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia
Department for Administrative and Information Services, S.A.
Department of Consumer & Employment Protection, WorkSafe Division, W.A.
Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Tas.
Electricity Supply Association of Australia
Engineers Australia
Institute of Materials Engineering Australasia
Insurance Council of Australia
National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia
Pressure Equipment Association
Victorian WorkCover Authority
Welding Technology Institute of Australia
WorkCover New South Wales
Standards Australia wishes to acknowledge the participation of the expert individuals that
contributed to the development of this Standard through their representation on the
Committee and through public comment period.
AS 13582004
(Incorporating Amendment No. 1)
Australian Standard
Bursting discs and bursting disc
devicesApplication, selection and
installation
Originated as AS 13581972.
Previous edition 1989.
Third edition 2004.
Reissued incorporating Amendment No. 1 (February 2007).
COPYRIGHT
Standards Australia
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written
permission of the publisher.
Published by Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
ISBN 0 7337 6345 6
AS 13582004
PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand
Committee ME-001, Pressure Equipment, to supersede AS 13581989.
This Standard incorporates Amendment No. 1 (February 2007). The changes required by
the Amendment are indicated in the text by a marginal bar and amendment number against
the clause, note, table, figure or part thereof affected.
After consultation with stakeholders in both countries, Standards Australia and Standards
New Zealand decided to develop this Standard as an Australian Standard rather than an
Australian/New Zealand Standard.
The objective of this Standard is to provide requirements and guidance on the application,
selection and installation of bursting discs and bursting disc devices.
The objective of this revision is to align the Standard with current international practice and
specifically with ISO Standards.
The terms normative and informative have been used in this Standard to define the
application of the appendix to which they apply. A normative appendix is an integral part
of a Standard, whereas an informative appendix is only for information and guidance.
AS 13582004
CONTENTS
Page
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................ 4
1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS .................................................................................. 4
1.3 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................ 4
SECTION 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS OF BURSTING DISCS AND BURSTING DISC
DEVICES
2.1 MATERIALS .............................................................................................................. 8
2.2 TYPES OF BURSTING DISCS .................................................................................. 8
2.3 BURSTING DISC HOLDERS .................................................................................. 11
2.4 BACK PRESSURE SUPPORTS ............................................................................... 14
2.5 TEMPERATURE SHIELDS ..................................................................................... 14
2.6 STIFFENING RINGS................................................................................................ 15
2.7 GASKET/SEALS ...................................................................................................... 15
SECTION 3 APPLICATION AND SELECTION OF BURSTING DISCS AND BURSTING
DISC DEVICES
3.1 APPLICATION ......................................................................................................... 16
3.2 SELECTION ............................................................................................................. 18
3.3 DISCHARGE CAPACITY ........................................................................................ 22
3.4 IDENTIFICATION AND MARKING....................................................................... 22
3.5 TESTING AND CERTIFICATION........................................................................... 22
APPENDICES
A
IDENTIFICATION AND MARKING OF BURSTING DISCS AND
BURSTING DISC DEVICES .................................................................................... 25
B
INFORMATION TO ASSIST DESIGN OR SELECTION OF BURSTING DISCS
AND BURSTING DISC DEVICES........................................................................... 27
C
PRESSURE RELIEF SYSTEM DISCHARGE CAPACITY ..................................... 29
D
TESTING AND CERTIFICATION OF BURSTING DISCS .................................... 36
AS 13582004
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
Bursting discs and bursting disc devicesApplication, selection and
installation
SECT ION
SCOPE
AND
GENERA L
1.1 SCOPE
This Standard provides requirements and guidance on the application, selection and
installation of bursting discs and bursting disc devices.
The information to be used for identification and the information to be marked on bursting
discs and bursting disc devices is specified in Appendix A.
Testing and certification requirements for bursting discs are specified in Appendix D.
NOTES:
1
Information which the purchaser may provide to assist in the design or the selection of
bursting discs and bursting disc devices is given in Appendix B.
Equations for the calculation of the discharge capacity for single phase flow are given in
Appendix C.
AS
1210
Pressure vessels
1271
Safety valves, other valves, liquid level gauges and other fittings for boilers
and unfired pressure vessels
4942
ASME
BPV-VIII-1 Boiler and pressure vessel code Section VIIIRules for construction of
pressure vessels: Division 1
ISO
4126
4126-6
1.3 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions given in AS 4942 and those below apply.
1.3.1 Average bursting pressure
The arithmetic average value, at the coincident temperature, of the test bursts carried out on
a batch of discs by the manufacturer.
1.3.2 Backpressure
The static pressure existing at the outlet of a bursting disc device at the time the device is
required to operate. It is the result of pressure in the discharge system from other sources or
as a result of vacuum on the upstream side.
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1.3.23 Lining
An additional sheet or sheets of material forming part of the bursting disc assembly or
holder. The lining can be metallic or non-metallic.
1.3.24 Manufacturing design range
A range of pressure within which the average bursting pressure of a batch of bursting discs
falls in order to be acceptable for a particular application.
1.3.25 Muffled outlet
A component of a bursting disc device which disperses the discharge.
1.3.26 Operating pressure
The pressure to which the bursting disc is exposed during normal operation.
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AS 13582004
In the case of a pressure system with an operating pressure expressed in MPa gauge, and
atmospheric pressure on the downstream side of the bursting disc, the operating ratio may be
calculated from the following equation:
Operating ratio =
In the case of a pressure system with a back pressure on the downstream side of the bursting
disc, the operating ratio is the value of the differential pressure between the upstream side and
the downstream side of the bursting disc divided by the minimum limit of bursting pressure
expressed as a differential pressure.
1.3.34 Should
Indicates a recommendation.
1.3.35 Slotted lined bursting disc
A conventional domed bursting disc made up of two or more layers, one of which is slit or
slotted so as to reduce its strength and to control the bursting pressure of the bursting disc.
1.3.36 Specified bursting pressure
The pressure, quoted with a coincident temperature, specified by the user or his agent when
defining the disc requirement.
NOTE: The words maximum and minimum may be used with the terms bursting pressure and
specified bursting pressure.
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AS 13582004
SE C T I ON 2
BURST I NG
GE N E RA L D E SCR I PT I O N S O F
D I SCS AND B URST ING D I SC
D E V I CE S
2.1 MATERIALS
2.1.1 Selection of materials
The selection of materials used for the components of bursting disc safety devices shall take
the following into account:
(a)
(b)
Compatibility with the process fluid, the adjoining components and the chemical and
physical conditions, both upstream and downstream of the rupture disc, to which the
bursting disc safety device will be subjected when in service.
NOTE: The use of corrosion-resistant materials for the downstream side of the bursting disc
device is recommended because corrosion of these parts can cause damage which can impair the
performance of the bursting disc safety device.
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Conventional simple domed This type of bursting disc shall have one or more layers,
the bursting pressure of which is controlled by the ultimate tensile strength of the
material(s).
(b)
Conventional slotted domed This type of bursting disc shall have two or more layers,
at least one of which shall have slits or slots so as to reduce its strength and to control
the bursting pressure.
(c)
Conventional scored simple domed This type of bursting disc shall be scored such
that when the bursting pressure is reached, the bursting disc opens along the score.
(d)
Conventional simple domed with knife blades This type of bursting disc shall open
by being cut by the knife blades when the bursting pressure is reached.
Reverse domed bursting discs shall be designed to function due to buckling, bending or
shearing stresses when the bursting pressure is applied to the convex side of the bursting
disc (see Figure 2).
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Reverse domed scored This type of bursting disc shall be scored such that, when the
dome reverses at the bursting pressure, the bursting disc opens along the score. The
bursting disc may also have areas of weakness which determine the pressure at which
the bursting disc reverses.
(b)
Reverse domed having slip or tear-away design This type of bursting disc shall
function by being expelled downstream from the bursting disc holder.
NOTE: A catching device may be provided for this type of bursting disc.
(c)
Reverse domed with knife blades This type of bursting disc shall open by being cut
by knife blades during reversal of the dome.
(d)
Reverse domed that function by shearing This type of bursting disc shall have one or
more layers which upon reversal opens due to shearing forces.
(e)
Reverse domed composite or multi-layered This type of bursting disc shall have two
or more layers at least one of which shall contain areas of weakness of such a
configuration as to determine the pressure at which the bursting disc reverses.
(a)
Graphite replaceable element This type of bursting disc shall be plane or recessed
and used in conjunction with a bursting disc holder. They shall be designed to burst
due to bending or shearing forces, (see Figure 3).
(b)
Graphite monobloc This type of bursting disc shall be designed so as to fit directly
between the installation flanges. They may be recessed on one or both sides according
to the bursting pressure and direction in which it is to be applied (see Figure 4).
Graphite monobloc bursting discs may be reinforced with an external armour ring.
This design may be provided with a lining on the pressure side.
The pressure containing capability of graphite monobloc bursting discs, after
bursting, shall be determined by one of the methods given in Clause 2.3.1.1.
NOTE: For this design of graphite monobloc bursting disc, the diameter of the downstream
piping adjacent to the bursting disc should follow the manufacturers instructions. Normally
this diameter will be greater than the inside diameter of the recess.
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(c)
AS 13582004
Flat slotted lined This type of bursting disc shall have two or more layers. At least
one of the layers shall have, for example, slits or slots so as to reduce its strength and
to control the bursting pressure. According to the design it may be necessary for the
bursting disc to be used in conjunction with a bursting disc holder.
The pressure containing capability of bursting disc holders shall be determined by one of
the following:
(a)
(b)
(c)
NOTE: For (b) and (c) above, the user may choose to reserve the right to review and then either
agree with, reject or request modifications to the methods and/or procedures proposed by the
manufacturer.
(b)
The bursting disc assembly, where applicable, can only be fitted the correct way
round.
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(c)
The ability to apply or transmit a clamping load appropriate to the particular bursting
disc assembly.
(d)
Where appropriate, the correct fitting of a back pressure support (see Clause 2.4).
(e)
(f)
The position of any holes for pre-assembly screws is compatible with the specified
gaskets used between the bursting disc holder and the installation flanges.
(g)
The accurate positioning within the pressure system connection including direction of
flow.
(h)
(i)
2.3.2 Types
The type of bursting disc holder shall be appropriate to the particular type of bursting disc
and suitable for its intended use.
Bursting disc holders include the following types:
(a)
Insert/capsule Insert/capsule bursting disc holders shall have an inlet and outlet
member, with or without fasteners and shall fit within the installation flange bolting
(see Figure 5).
(b)
Full face flange Full face flange bursting disc holders shall have an inlet and outlet
member, with or without fasteners and shall have holes/slots to suit the installation
flange bolting (see Figure 6).
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AS 13582004
(c)
Union Union bursting disc holders shall have an inlet and outlet member connected
by a union nut (see Figure 7).
(d)
Plug/screw Plug/screw bursting disc holders shall have an inlet and outlet member
which are screwed together. The outlet member may be muffled outlet design (see
Figure 8).
(e)
Other Other types of bursting disc holders are permitted providing that they meet the
requirements of this Standard.
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2.3.3 Connections
Where bursting disc holders fit between installation flanges, for example, insert/capsule and
full face flange types, the facing and surface finish of the bursting disc holder shall be
compatible with that of the purchasers piping specifications.
For other types (see Clause 2.3.2(c) and (d)) the connections to the installation may be
threaded, welded, proprietary etc., according to the purchasers requirements.
2.4 BACK PRESSURE SUPPORTS
2.4.1 General
Where a bursting disc is to be subjected in service to a differential back pressure it shall be
supported by a back pressure support unless the bursting disc is capable of withstanding the
back pressure.
The back pressure support shall be supplied by the manufacturer either permanently
attached to the bursting disc, or it shall form part of a bursting disc safety device that
ensures the back pressure support can only be assembled to the correct side of the bursting
disc.
The back pressure support shall be free from all burrs or similar imperfections which would
cause a bursting disc to function incorrectly.
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AS 13582004
The use, type, material and dimensions shall be as specified by the manufacturer.
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SECT ION 3
APP L I C AT I O N AND SE L ECT I O N
OF BURST I N G D ISCS AN D BURST I NG D ISC
D E V I CE S
3.1 APPLICATION
3.1.1 General
Subject to the requirements of the relevant application Standard covering the equipment to
be protected, bursting disc safety devices may be used either as the sole pressure relieving
device, in conjunction with safety valves or as part of a combination device.
The discharge capacity of a system including a bursting disc safety device and its maximum
limit of bursting pressure (see Figure 9) at the coincident temperature shall be such that the
maximum relieving pressure does not exceed the requirements of the protected equipment.
NOTE: Appendix C gives methods for determining discharge capacity of pressure relief systems
incorporating bursting disc safety devices.
The use of a bursting disc safety device as the sole pressure relieving device may be
preferred where
(a)
the rate of increase in pressure may be such that the rate of response of a safety valve
would make it unsuitable;
(b)
(c)
operating conditions may involve deposition, which would make a safety valve
inoperative;
(d)
the effect of low temperature would prevent a safety valve from operating; or
(e)
NOTE: A bursting disc safety device is a non-reclosing pressure relieving device, which after
bursting could result in the total loss of pressure/contents from the protected equipment.
For all applications the pressure relief system shall be such that following the bursting of
the bursting disc assembly any fragmentation or release of material does not
(i)
(ii)
(iii) affect the certified (discharge) capacity of any other safety device.
3.1.2 With safety valve(s)
Bursting disc safety devices in conjunction with safety valve(s) may be used in the
following cases:
(a)
In series, to protect the safety valve against corrosion, fouling or operating conditions
which may affect the safety valve performance.
(b)
(c)
In series, to prevent total loss of contents from the protected equipment following the
bursting of the bursting disc.
(d)
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AS 13582004
The specified bursting requirements of the bursting disc safety device shall comply
with the relevant requirements of the protected equipment.
(b)
For those applications where the bursting disc safety device forms part of a
combination device, the requirements for which shall comply with the relevant
application Standard(s).
(c)
The space between the bursting disc and the safety valve shall be provided with a
means for preventing unacceptable build up in pressure.
NOTE: Bursting discs, being pressure differential devices, will require a higher pressure in the
protected equipment to burst the bursting disc if pressure builds up in the space between the
bursting disc and the safety valve which will occur should leakage develop in the bursting disc
due to corrosion, or due to back pressure in the discharge piping, or other cause.
The bursting disc safety device and discharge piping shall be so designed as not to
impair the operating characteristics of the safety valve.
(b)
The space between the bursting disc and the safety valve shall be provided with a
means for preventing unacceptable build up in pressure.
NOTE: A spring-loaded safety valve, which is not balanced, cannot open at its set pressure if
back pressure builds up in the space between the safety valve and the bursting disc safety device.
A particular design of safety valve may be required.
(c)
The maximum limit of bursting pressure of the bursting disc at the coincident
temperature plus any pressure in the discharge piping shall not exceed the
(i)
(ii)
design pressure of any pipe or fitting between the safety valve and the bursting
disc safety device; and
A space between the two bursting discs shall be large enough to ensure the correct
functioning of the bursting discs.
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(b)
18
The space between the bursting disc shall be provided with a means for preventing
unacceptable build up in pressure.
NOTE: Bursting discs, being pressure differential devices, will require a higher pressure in the
protected equipment to burst the bursting disc if pressure builds up in the space between the
bursting discs which will occur should leakage develop in the bursting disc due to corrosion or
other causes.
3.2 SELECTION
3.2.1 Selection of bursting disc safety devices
The following requirements and recommendations apply to the selection of safety devices:
(a)
The manufacturers advice should be sought when selecting a bursting disc safety
device for a particular application.
(b)
Bursting disc safety devices are differential pressure devices and therefore the
pressure on both the upstream and the downstream side of the bursting disc shall be
taken into consideration.
(c)
(d)
(e)
Selection of the appropriate bursting disc material depends upon the chemical and
physical conditions that will exist on both the upstream side and the downstream side
of the bursting disc safety device when it is in service.
(f)
(g)
When selecting the size of bursting disc safety devices, the inclusion of any back
pressure support shall be taken into account when determining the minimum crosssection flow area.
(h)
The bursting pressure of a bursting disc according to its material and type may vary
with its temperature.
Data regarding the expected variation of bursting pressure according to the
temperature for a batch of busting discs should be requested from the manufacturer.
Generally, in the temperature range 15C to 30C inclusive, there is no significant
variation in the bursting pressure. However, below or above this range a bursting disc
may have respectively a lower or higher bursting pressure than that within the range.
When a bursting disc safety device is specified with a bursting pressure at a
coincident temperature to protect equipment, the bursting disc may not give the
necessary protection with regard to the bursting pressure of the bursting disc over the
whole temperature range of the protected equipment.
The coincident temperature may not be the same as the temperature of the fluid. The
coincident temperature may be determined by the direct measurement or by the
calculation using established heat transfer methods.
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AS 13582004
(i)
(j)
The type of bursting disc holder and its inlet and outlet connections shall be
appropriate to the method of installing the bursting disc safety device and the
requirements for the safe discharge of the fluid.
(k)
(l)
Where a bursting disc safety device is to be selected for installation upstream and/or
downstream of a safety valve, both the bursting disc safety device manufacturer and
the safety valve manufacturer shall be consulted. In the case of downstream
application the effects on the set pressure of the safety valve due to potential leakage
across the safety valve seat and/or from the downstream side of the bursting disc
safety device shall be considered.
(b)
(c)
Method of manufacture.
The minimum limit of bursting pressure shall be selected to ensure that there is a suitable
margin between it and the operating pressure. Due consideration shall be given to the
operating ratio appropriate to the material and type of bursting disc and the process
conditions. Typical maximum operating ratios are given in Table 2.
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TABLE 1
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE TOLERANCES
Type of bursting disc
See Clause 2.2
Specified bursting
pressure (MPa gauge)
Typical performance
tolerance
Below 0.05
50%
30% to 15%
10%
Below 0.2
0.01 MPa
5%
Below 0.3
0.015 MPa
5%
Below 0.1
15%
10%
5%
Below 0.1
0.015 MPa
15%
5%
Below 0.3
0.015 MPa
5%
Below 0.05
15%
10%
5%
Below 0.05
Up to 25%
Graphite monobloc
10%
Below 0.05
50%
30% to 15%
10%
NOTES:
1
This Table gives guidance to typical performance tolerances. Closer tolerances can be achieved.
The typical performance tolerances as shown are specified bursting pressure with equal positive and
negative percentages or quantities. These can be converted to specified maximum bursting pressure and
specified minimum bursting pressure.
For each application the performance tolerance should be obtained from the manufacturer.
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AS 13582004
(a) Specified maximum bursting pressure and specified minimum bursting pressure with a coincident
temperature
(b) Specified bursting pressure and performance tolerance with a coincident temperature
NOTE: Performance tolerance includes manufacturing design range and burst tolerance.
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TABLE 2
TYPICAL MAXIMUM OPERATING RATIOS
Type of bursting disc
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.8
Graphite monobloc
0.8
0.5
NOTES:
1
This Table gives guidance as to typical maximum operating ratios for a temperature in the
range 15C to 30C.
The operating ratio is dependent upon a number of factors including bursting disc material,
temperature and pressure cycling or pulsations, which need to be considered in order to
achieve an acceptable replacement period.
For each application the operating ratio should be obtained from the manufacturer.
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SECT ION
I NSTA L L A T I ON O F
D I S C D E V IC E S
AS 13582004
B U R ST ING
A bursting disc safety device shall be placed as close as practicable to the protected
equipment, taking into account pressure pulsations, temperature, and other service
conditions.
(b)
The pressure relief system shall be properly sized, as straight and as short as
practicable, terminating in such a way as to avoid dangerous or damaging conditions
arising on venting.
(c)
The pressure relief system piping shall be properly designed, so that any thermal
movement of the protected equipment and the pressure relief system piping does not
cause excessive forces on the bursting disc safety device that may lead to incorrect
functioning or failure.
(d)
Bursting disc safety devices shall be mounted so that they are accessible for
replacement and protected from accidental damage.
(e)
Provision shall be made to absorb the effect of reaction forces on the protected
equipment, which will arise during relieving conditions.
A baffle plate may be fitted downstream of a bursting disc safety device to redirect
the discharge fluid and/or reduce recoil providing that it does not reduce the required
discharge capacity of the pressure relief system.
(f)
In the case of the discharge of a hazardous fluid, the potential danger shall be
considered and appropriate measures taken to minimize the hazard.
(g)
Precautions shall be taken to prevent deposition on the upstream side of the bursting
disc safety device and in the part leading to it, of sublimates or other solids that could
affect the safe operation of the bursting disc.
Liquid or foreign matter shall be prevented from accumulating within the discharge
piping and/or on the downstream side of the bursting disc.
(h)
In the case of graphite monobloc bursting discs which are recessed on the inlet side
(see Figure 4) the internal diameter of the discharge pipe adjacent to the downstream
side of the bursting disc shall be larger than the inside diameter of the recess.
(i)
Where plug/screw bursting disc holders are to be installed in a pressure relief system,
an additional connection may be required to facilitate the assembly and replacement
of the bursting disc assembly.
The bursting disc safety device shall be assembled and installed in accordance with
the manufacturer's assembly and installation instructions.
NOTE: If the components of a bursting disc safety device are handled, assembled or installed
incorrectly, the bursting disc can burst at a pressure higher or lower than the required burst
pressure.
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(b)
24
The bursting disc safety device or any of its components as supplied shall not be
modified in any way except with the approval of the manufacturer.
An additional protective film or coating shall not be applied to a bursting disc except
when approved by the manufacturer since this may considerably affect the bursting
pressure of the bursting disc.
(c)
The bursting disc safety device shall be checked for freedom from visible defects
immediately before installation and care taken during installation to avoid damage.
(d)
Prior to assembly, the bursting disc holder reference, marked on the bursting
disc/bursting disc assembly, shall be checked to ensure that it coincides with that
marked on the bursting disc holder.
(e)
When assembling the bursting disc safety device components the fitting of any back
pressure support shall be checked to ensure that it is correct.
(f)
Any directional arrow, bolting torque instructions and reference to the use of gaskets
shall be complied with during installation.
(g)
The type, material and dimensions of the gaskets used between the bursting disc
safety device and the flanges between which it is to be installed shall be suitable for
the specified conditions and compatible with the flange facing and finish of the
contact faces of the bursting disc safety device and the flanges. The manufacturer's
advice should be sought concerning the effect on the performance of the bursting disc
safety device of the bolt load required to seat the gasket and maintain a seal under the
specified conditions.
(h)
To ensure the correct performance of the bursting disc safety device and the effective
sealing of the gasket used between the bursting disc safety device and the flanges
between which it is installed, the bursting disc safety device shall be located centrally
within the flanges.
(i)
Where identification marks are not visible when the bursting disc/bursting disc safety
device is installed on the protected equipment, the purchaser shall be responsible for
attaching to the installation a suitable tag which shall be permanently marked with the
same information as that given on the bursting disc/bursting disc safety device or in
the package.
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AS 13582004
APPENDIX A
Manufacturers identity.
(b)
(c)
(d)
Nominal size.
(e)
Material identity.
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
Vent area of any restriction permanently attached to the bursting disc, e.g. nonopening backpressure support.
Manufacturers identity.
(b)
(c)
Nominal size.
(d)
Material identity.
(e)
(f)
Vent area of any fixed or loose restriction, e.g. non-opening backpressure support,
knife blades, etc. provided with the bursting disc holder.
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A2 MARKING
A2.1 Bursting discs
A bursting disc shall have an identification tag permanently attached so that its identity may
be visible when the disc is installed. If this type of marking is not possible, a separate
identification tag shall be supplied.
The direction of flow shall be shown on the identification tag or shall be identified by a
marking on the disc showing vent side.
A2.2 Bursting disc holders
Bursting disc holders shall be permanently marked with identification details on any
suitable and visible surface, and where appropriate, the direction of flow shall be
incorporated in the marking.
A2.3 Ancillary components
Ancillary components shall be marked with identification details and direction of flow by a
method suitable to their size and construction. Ancillary components may be supplied
separately.
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AS 13582004
APPENDIX B
(b)
Intended application of the bursting disc device. State if the device is required to
operate as the primary relief device, secondary relief device, for safety valve
isolation, or in some other capacity.
(c)
Performance specification and relative position of any safety valves or other safety
devices fitted to the equipment or system.
(d)
The fluid which may come in contact with any part of the bursting disc device;
physical properties of the fluid (e.g. gas, vapour, liquid, or solid); wet or dry, at all
stages of the process (including venting); chemical properties of the fluid which may
affect bursting disc performance.
(e)
(f)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Minimum bursting device discharge area required through the bursting disc device
discharge area.
(f)
Materials which may not be used for safety, corrosion, or other reasons.
B3 INSTALLATION DETAILS
The following information should be supplied by the purchaser:
(a)
Physical location of bursting disc device in system, preferably in the form of a sketch.
(b)
Method of fitting bursting disc device in system (e.g. between flanges, direct fitting
to one flange, direct weld to outlet).
(c)
Inlet pipe diameter to bursting disc and outlet pipe diameter from bursting disc,
including flange size, rating, type and specification or other fixing details (e.g. thread
specification and size).
(d)
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(e)
Form and finish of external mating surfaces if required other than to the
manufacturers standard.
(f)
The type, size and material of any gaskets to be used with the bursting disc device.
B4 SPECIAL DETAILS
The following information should be supplied by the purchaser:
(a)
(b)
Special features required in the bursting disc device (e.g. excess flow valve, pressure
monitoring device, jacking bolts, lifting rings).
(c)
B5 REORDER INFORMATION
When reordering a bursting disc or bursting disc device, the purchaser should supply the
information shown in Paragraphs B1, B2, B3, and B4, as appropriate. Alternatively, if there
have been no changes in operating or design conditions, and a replacement item from the
same manufacturer is required, the serial number, batch number, lot number, and other
information marked on or supplied with the original item is sufficient reorder information
(see Appendix A).
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AS 13582004
APPENDIX C
(b)
It is important to ensure that the method selected is relevant to the particular application
and is correctly applied by those appropriately qualified and experienced.
C2 SIMPLIFIED APPROACH
C2.1 General
This method should be used where it can be safely assumed that there are only negligible
pressure drops in the inlet piping and the discharge piping is limited to those applications
where
(a)
(b)
the bursting disc safety device is installed within eight pipe diameters from the entry
to the equipment nozzle;
(c)
the bursting disc safety device discharge area is not less than 50% of the inlet pipe
area;
(d)
(e)
(f)
the length of the discharge pipe following the bursting disc safety device does not
exceed five pipe diameters; and
(g)
the nominal pipe diameter of the inlet and discharge piping are equal to, or greater
than the nominal size of the bursting disc safety device.
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TABLE C1
DISCHARGE COEFFICENT
Number
Branch/nozzle type
Comment
Discharge coefficient,
0.68
0.73
0.80
Pb 2 k 1
Po k + 1
. . . C1
Pb 2 k 1
>
Po k + 1
. . . C2
0.9117 C A o
1.097
10 C A o P o
Po
vo
. . . C3(1)
or
Ao
qm
C
vo
Po
. . . C3(2)
or
qm
Standards Australia
M
To Z o
. . . C3(3)
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AS 13582004
or
=
Ao
0.1
qm
C Po
To Z o
M
. . . C3(4)
2 ( k 1) )
3.948 k
k + 1
. . . C4
The value of k used to determine C should be based on the actual flowing conditions.
The compressibility factor, Zo should be assessed from Appendix G of AS 1271
2003.
C2.2.3.2 Discharge capacity for steam
The following apply for dry and wet steam:
(a)
(b)
Wet
The following equation is applicable only to homogenous wet steam of dryness 90%
and over (i.e. x > 0.9):
qm
0.9117 C Ao Po
v o
. . . C5
0.9117 C K b Ao
Po
vo
. . . C6(1)
or
1.097
Ao
qm
CK b
vo
Po
. . . C6(2)
or
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qm
10 CK b Ao P o
0. 1
M
To Z o
. . . C6(3)
or
Ao
To Z o
M
qm
CK b Po
. . . C6(4)
Kb
2k Pb
k 1 Po
k Pb
Po
k +1
. . . C7
A1
qm
5.0913 A o K v .p
Ao
0.1964
qm
. . . C8(1)
. . . C8(2)
K v . p
NOTES:
1
Where the liquid has viscosity less than or equal to that of water at 20C, the factor K v can be
taken as 1.0. For greater viscosities the discharge through a given bursting disc safety device
will be reduced. The viscosity correction factor K v is related to the Reynolds number and can
be obtained from Figure F1 of AS 12712003. Reynolds number, Re can be established from
the equation:
Re
0.3134
qm
Ao
. . . C9
When sizing for viscous relief, first it should be established what the size would be for nonviscous service to obtain a preliminary area. Then the next largest size in calculating R e
should be selected. If the sizing equation shows that the area assumed in calculating Re was
too small, then the calculation should be repeated with the next largest size of a bursting disc
safety device.
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AS 13582004
TABLE C2
SYMBOLS AND THEIR DESCRIPTIONS
Symbol
Description
Units
Ao
mm 2
A1
mm 2
AB
mm 2
Isentropic exponent
Kb
Kv
Molecular mass
kg/kmol
Pb
Back pressure
MPa abs
Po
Relieving pressure
MPa abs
qm
To
Relieving temperature
8314 J/mol/K
K
3
vo
Zo
Density
Dynamic viscosity
Pas
MPa
kg/h
Discharge coefficient
m /kg
kg/m 3
C3 COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH
C3.1 General
This method takes into consideration the reversible and the irreversible changes in pressure
throughout the pressure relief system (e.g. nozzle entry, inlet pipe, bursting disc safety
device, discharge pipe and exit to a downstream vessel or to the atmosphere).
For analysis of the pressure relief system, information relating to the pressure loss after
bursting of the bursting disc safety device is required. Recognized fluid flow calculation
methods are adequate so long as the net flow area is known or can be verified and the
calculations are based on valid assumptions.
NOTE: A bursting disc cannot usually be considered to be a round, sharp-edged orifice.
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AS 13582004
C3.2
34
Compressible fluids
Critical flow
In the case of critical flow a detailed analysis for the entire pressure relief system should be
carried out in order to determine where the flow chokes and what is the discharge capacity
of the pressure relief system. The recommended method of carrying out the analysis is
(a)
determine the possible choke locations starting at the exit to the equipment nozzle;
and
(b)
assume a flow rate and then calculate the changes in pressure throughout the pressure
relief system from the exit towards the entry into the equipment nozzle. At each
possible choke point the pressure at which the velocity would be equal to the critical
velocity can be calculated. In this way, it can be established whether choking would
actually occur.
An iterative procedure should be used until the flow rate, for which the calculated pressure
drop is equal to or less than the pressure difference available, is found.
There are many sizing methods given in published literature but care should be exercised in
selecting the method relevant to the particular application. The wrong method can lead to
serious errors.
The most accurate method of sizing is to use a computer program based on the basic fluid
flow equations and thermodynamic/physical property data.
C3.3 Incompressible fluids
C3.3.1 General
It should be established whether the flow is dependent or independent of the Reynolds
number.
C3.3.2 Flow independent of the Reynolds number
Where the flow is independent of the Reynolds number (complete turbulence) the flow rate
can be determined directly by using the basic fluid flow equation.
C3.3.3 Flow dependent on the Reynolds number
Where flow is dependent on the Reynolds number a flow rate should be assumed and the
changes in pressure through the pressure relief system are calculated. An iterative
procedure is used until the flow rate, for which the calculated drop is equal to or less than
the pressure difference available, is found.
C4 DERIVATION OF COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR Z
The compressibility factor Z at relieving conditions can be obtained from accurate p-v-T
data for the gas, using the following equation:
Zo
105 Po v o M
RTo
. . . C10
In the absence of accurate data, the compressibility factor can be obtained from the reduced
temperature, T r = T o Tc and the reduced pressure pr = po pc of critical pressure of the pure
gas as shown in Figure G1 of AS 12712003.
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AS 13582004
The certified value of KR may differ depending on the fluid state (e.g. liquid or gas)
and other process conditions, e.g. pressure.
(b)
A change in material for busting discs and for other components of bursting disc
assemblies such as seals, support rings and vacuum supports, should not be
considered a design change and does not require re-testing.
(c)
The flow resistance for bursting disc devices tested with non-pressure containing disc
items such as seals support rings and vacuum supports, is applicable for the same
bursting disc device design without seals, support rings or vacuum supports.
(d)
Additional linings, coating or platings may be used for the same design of bursting
disc devices provided that
the manufacturer has performed a verification bursting test of bursting discs
with the additional lining, coating or platings and has documented that the
addition of these materials does not affect the bursting disc opening
configuration; and
(ii)
such verification tests may be conducted with bursting disc of the smallest size
and minimum burst pressure for which the flow resistance with additional
materials is to be used.
When changes are made in the design of a bursting disc which affects the opening,
and/or burst performance characteristics of the device, new tests should be performed.
(e)
(i)
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APPENDIX D
Alternatively, subject to specific agreement, testing may be carried out at a test temperature
in the range 15C to 30C inclusive providing that both the following are satisfied:
(a)
The relationship between the bursting pressure at the test temperature and the
bursting pressure at the coincident temperature is determined from the manufacturer's
certified bursting test data.
(b)
The relationship (used to establish the bursting pressure in the temperature range
15C to 30C) is specific for the type of bursting disc and the lot of material and is
appropriate to the nominal size.
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AS 13582004
TABLE D1
NUMBER OF BURSTING DISCS/BURSTING DISC
SAFETY DEVICES WITH NON-REPLACEABLE
BURSTING DISC ASSEMBLIES TO BE TESTED
Total number in a batch
Number to be tested
Less than 10
10 to 15
16 to 30
31 to 100
101 to 250
251 to 999
Minimum 30
Bursting discs shall be tested in a bursting disc holder or test die identical in orifice
size and orifice configuration with the bursting disc holder in which the bursting disc
is to be installed.
(b)
In the case of reverse domed bursting discs the test system shall have sufficient
capacity to ensure reversal and bursting of the bursting disc (see also Step(g)).
(c)
(d)
The test installation shall be equipped with calibrated measuring and indicating
instruments that meet the requirements for the testing and certification specified for
the bursting disc or bursting disc safety device with non-replaceable bursting disc.
(e)
The pressure sensing device shall be located as near as practicable to the bursting disc
holder or test die inlet and connected to it in such a way as to minimize pressure drop.
(f)
(g)
With one of the bursting discs/bursting disc safety devices with non-replaceable
bursting disc assemblies installed the pressure at the inlet shall be increased to 90 per
cent of the expected minimum bursting pressure in a time not less than 5 seconds.
Thereafter the pressure at the inlet shall be increased at a linear rate, which allows
accurate reading of the smallest graduation of the pressure gauge, but in not more
than 120 seconds, until the bursting disc bursts.
NOTE: Some applications may require testing procedures which deviate from the above.
These are subject to contractual agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser.
The bursting pressure and any other pertinent characteristics shall be recorded.
(h)
Where a bursting pressure is not in accordance with the specified bursting pressure
requirements, (see Clause 1.3.36), the batch shall be rejected.
(i)
The appropriate safety precautions shall be observed when carrying out the tests.
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D3 CERTIFICATION
The manufacturer shall issue a certificate for each batch or part batch of bursting discs or
bursting disc safety devices with non-replaceable bursting disc assemblies, stating that they
have been manufactured and tested in accordance with the requirements of this Standard.
The certificate shall include the following information:
Manufacturers identity.
(b)
(c)
(d)
The specified maximum bursting pressure and specified minimum bursting pressure
with a coincident temperature, stating units or the specified bursting pressure and
performance tolerance with a coincident temperature, stating units.
(e)
(f)
Reference of the manufacturers certified bursting test data used to establish the
bursting pressure, (see Paragraph D2.3(b)).
(g)
Actual bursting pressure and the actual temperatures recorded during the tests.
(h)
Materials(s) of the bursting disc and components supplied (in the case of impregnated
graphite, the type of impregnant shall be stated).
(i)
(j)
Batch identity.
(k)
(l)
(a)
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CORRECTION
SUMMARY: This Amendment applies to A ppendix C.
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NOTES
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