OL Naatereloela @rigam| for beginners _— miyuki kawamuraThis Book is for Everyone ~those who already love polyhedra, and those who don't know anything about them. Do you love polyhedra? Have you made them before? Or are they a complete mystery to you? I myself have loved polyhedra since | was a child, partly because I could see so many different shapes in a single polyhedron (But, really, | don't know why | love polyhedra. | just love them, and that's all.) Before | began to study polyhedra, and to build them with origami, I didn't know there were so many polyhedra in the world. There was no one to teach me, and there were no books to show me. I wanted other people to be able to easily learn about polyhedra, and to make them themselves, and so | wrote this book. I hope this book leads you into the world of polyhedra! Miyuki Kawamura (Mba) Many people helped me write this book. In particular, | owe special thanks to Tomoko Fuse, Kunihiko Kasahara, Paul Jackson and Thoki Yenn For this English edition, thanks also go to Tom Hull for helping me translate all the technical math terms. Finally, many, many thanks to Anne LaVin for her translation and editing help, Without which this edition would not have been possible. © 2001 M. KAWAMURA & NIHON VOGUE CO.,LTD. Allright reserve No pst ofthis publication may be reproiced in any form without ween permission of the copyright heer Published by NIHON VOGUE CO.,LTD. 3-24 Lehigaya Honcho, Shinjuku, Toso 182 8708 Jopan Translated by M. KAWAMURA, Fs Pring: Apel 2001 ‘Overseas distibuor, JAPAN PUBLICATIONS TRADING CO., LTD.. Tokyo. tapan Distributors THE UNITED STATES: KODANSHA AMERICA, INC, through OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 198 Mason Avenue, New York, NY 10016, CANADA: FITZENRY & WHITESIDE LTD.,195 Alstate Paty, matkhar, Ontiio LAR {TS UNITED KINGDOM and EUROPE: PREMIER BOOK MARKETING LTD, Clarendon Hous, $2 CrmmarktSirest,Oxfor} OX) 3H, E AUSTRALIA and NEW ZEALAND. BOOKWISE INTERNATIONAL PTY LTD., 17 and JAPAN: JAPAN PUBLICATIONS TRADING CO.,LTD, 13-1 na ortack Road, Wingfei, Sauih- Austra S015, Austis ugnk cho, Chiyd-ta, Tokyo 101-0064, Japan ISBN Printed in JapanT E N T s 4®Folding Symbols, Making a Square 5@A Note about Folding and Assembly 6eTILES 8@BRICKS a @ @ S 12@RIGHT CORNERS 16@Prism, Antiprism, Pyramid, Dipyramid 17@PRISMS 20@ANTIPRISMS 24@PYRAMIDS 27° DIPYRAMID 28 What is a Polyhedron’? 30@REGULAR POLYHEDRA 43@PAPER BALLOON 44@POLYHEDRAL SKELETONS 56@POLYHEDRAL FRAMES 60@POLYHEDRA KIT 72@STARS 86@What is. a Star Polyhedron? 88eFLUTTER WHEELS si WINDMILL 99@ What is a Polygon? ad All mode! titles are alsa given in Japanese for the reader's reference.Folding Symbols {-|—> oO Turn the Open Valley Fold model over _> E © Tuck oe fap inside the other end. = © Fata song the quarter line and unfold @ ote along the quarter fine and unfold. PRISMS izow PRISM <2% = amala onal @ Cut one fap off each piec CoH will need 2 pieces from step Bo on page 7 for each m PENTAGONAL PRISM sae A a @ Cutoff only one flap HEXAGONAL PRISM sa@Insert one flap into the other module. oa i The completed SQUARE PRISM ©@ Tuck one fiap inside the other end Insert one flap into the other module. 4 iy ‘The completed PENTAGONAL PRISM @ Tuck one flap inside the other end, Insert one flap into the other module. 4 in ‘The completed HEXAGONAL PRISM © Tuck one flap inside the other end. PRISMSRISMS — TRIANGULAR SQUARE PENTAGONAL HEXAGONAL ANTIPRISM ANTIPRISM ANTIPRISM ANTIPRISM _ Diagram: Page 21 _ Diagram: Page 22 _ Diagram: Page 22 -_ Diagram: Page 22 a ANTIPRISMStthe 8h B<'bm> TRIANGULAR ANTIPRISM 2322 You need 3 square pieces of paper, all the same size, @ Bring the top point to the center of the bottom edge and fold. Fold the bottom corner up along Fold in half the edge of the and unfold. flaps as shown. @ am secre © Foi along the edge f center line and fold. Ons unto Do the same on the loft side. Pocket Flap © fot along the edge Ove unfold @® This is the Antiprism Module, Oy need 3 modules. Insert a flap into the pocket of another module. Do the same once more, = V ‘The completed . TRIANGULAR ANTIPRISM @ Teck the nap nto the pocket AntipRisms fhe L mc Bee SQUARE ANTIPRISM 2:82 You need 4 Antiprism Modules from page 21. Insert a flap into the pocket of another module and do ‘the same two more times. Then tuck the flap into the pocket at the other end. oust PENTAGONAL ANTIPRISM =:2# You need 5 Antiprism Modules from page 21. Insert a flap into the pocket of another module and do. ‘the same three more times. Then tuck the flap into the pocket at the other end. ‘The completed PENTAGONAL, ANTIPRISM a 9 in Bd HEXAGONAL ANTIPRISM &¢a@ You need 6 Antiprism Modules from page 21. Insert a flap into the pocket of another module and do tthe same four more times. Then tuck the flap into the pocket at the other end. ‘The completed HEXAGONAL ANTIPRISM & ANTIPRISMS! (This is the Antiprism Module from page 21. You need 3 modules.) Fold along the center line and unfold, Do the same to the other two modules. Type 1 4 modules 3 modules ARR “= 3 @ insert aap nto the pocket of another trode ane ote same, Then tuck the Fap into the pocket a the other end You can make tw types of models aie 5 mods aia ANTIPRISMS 23Ae ILP SS) ann PYRAMID Bes ca ea} “Paar es 2 [asco PYRAMID Ff eure HEXAGONAL PYRAMID. eurTRIANGULAR PYRAMID 23% You need 3 square pieces of paper, all the same size. ae. @® Tuck the two on inside. @ Fold by bringing ot 2) ee points together. @ Fo and unfota Packet Flap’ Insert a fiap into the pocket of another module. © Thisis the Pyramid Module. Youneed 3 modules. oa @ Do the same once more. The completed TRIANGULAR PYRAMID ‘Tuck the flap into the pocket ‘and make a mountain shape. PYRAMIDS (Lome a SQUARE PYRAMID : 4% ‘The completed SQUARE PYRAMID You need 4 Pyramid Modules from page 25 Insert a flap into the pocket of another module and do the ‘same two more times. Then tuck the flap into the pocket at the other end and make @ mountain shape PENTAGONAL PYRAMID :2# You need § Pyramid Modules from page 25. Insert a flap into the pocket of another module and do the same three more times. Then tuck the flap into the pocket, at the other end and make a mountain shape. ‘The completed PENTAGONAL PYRAMID HEXAGONAL PYRAMID 24 ‘You need 6 Pyramid Modules from page 25. Insert a flap into the pocket of another module and do the same four more times. Then tuck the flap into the pocket at the other end and make 2 mountain shape. ‘The completed HEXAGONAL, PYRAMID PYRAMIDS eeePT Ae PS ikl You need 3 square pieces of paper, Tum the model over all the same size. Flap, Flap Pocket Pocket @ Fol ana unfold. @) Fold andunfold. @) Fold and unfole, @) Fotd by using al (G) This isthe Dipyramid ( thecreases at Module. You need the same time. 3 modules. Turnham ovat © Insert the taps halfway into the pockets as shown The completed Pushing gently, bit Inthe next diagram, DIPYRAMID by bit, bring the Push together and pieces together. insert the last two (The modelsisno flaps into the last longer lt) two pockets DIPYRAMID (27POLYHEDRON #3% “vertex is @ A polyhedron is a 3-D solid with polygonal faces. @ The names of these shapes come from “ent Greek and Latin words. For example, "tetra" means four, "octal" is eight and "dodeca" is verter twelve. @ Every polyhedron has vertices, edges and faces enclosing a space. The inside of the polyhedron is called the interior, and the outside is the exterior. Face vertex Eage REGULAR POLYHEDRON = 2m % © A regular polyhedron is a polyhedron whose am faces are all identical, regular polygons and Tetrahedron whose vertices are formed by the same number Sagan of faces. (See "Regular Polygon" on page 99.) meme ees, | 4 Saiiesl AQ] @ There are nine kinds of regular polyhedra. Four of them are stellated polyhedra, (See "Star Polyhedra" on page 86.) The aerat eek Barn | G copes | 4 verses * * Cube Octahedron Dodecahedron Icosahedron seal fie hal SUA sa) Eaeecsn oi 6 suns 8 ions A 12 tins @ 20 Sivies AN 12 tises| 8 vertees 12 cdes| 6 vervces [30 eages|20 vers [30 ssoos|1 2 varies Small Stellated Great Stellated Dodecahedron Great Dodecahedron _Bodecahedron Great icosahedron SARS samara Fe R pe epeanae ZenUsReaneeegyeen ieee oem 2 12 bins O| [itemise 20a A [30 rages|20 venices 30 tdaes|20 vertices [BO cages|20 vertices [30 cxges|1 2 vervcas © There are three groups of regular and semi-regular polyhedra: % The regular tetrahedron group The cube and regular octahedron group % The regular dodecahedron and regular icosahedron group POLYHEDRONoh an = BheO SEMI-REGULAR POLYHEDRON ‘® zene Truncated Tetrahedron @ A semi-regular polyhedron is made up of two feapacveee — or three kinds of regular polygonal faces with ‘eshapsana | 4 SR “ all vertices having the same structure. stanumberat 4. Regular @ There are 13 kinds of semi-regular polyhedra. Henao (There are 53 kinds of semi-regular stellated leap td varices |1 8 capes |1 2 vertices) polyhedra.) Truncated Octahedron Truncated Dodecahedron Truncated icosahedron inniebecattesone Be eiaiaaeaer cme” URBAN states 8 ium Al 76 sae O 20 Fauie A] | 12 et. @] 6 te O 8 tee. O 12 eee | 20 Asso © [36 cages] 24 vertices] 36 cases|24 vertices) 190 kuiges 60 vertices [90 edses]60 verces] | Cubgctahedron Icosidodecahedron Rombicuboctahedron _Rhombicosi- crease Embree toes Saw eRnatne ones Godueae ey 8 ane A 20 Samus A\| 8 Fai iN natch 6 Sauare 12 rare, O| 18 ‘sqores 120 foes AN 24 eages|1 2 verives| 60 ks90s|30 vortices] 4B toes Sa 30 saws 12 ofttns @ oy 20 Fa] 60 veree d : @ Truncated Truncated Guboctahedron Icosidodecahedron ® Meaaerottesce scanty * SY Spulo Cube Snub Dodecahedron 30 snares wom Br iemirwaricoscouan 8 vedoers 20 icSgore 80 a A] 6 dame, 12 dite 2 6 some 12/8, 72 toes] 48 vertices [180 cdges|1 20 verses 60 cag2s|24 varices] [150 casee|6O vertices POLYHEDRONWH REGULAR POLYHEDRA il {Ati ttt Wi} \ | Hi rh Placa li . CUBE | DiagrarICOSAHEDRON 1) ||. Diagram: Page 40 OCTAHEDRON Diagram: Page 36 REGULAR POLYHEDRA 31i 4 im & You need 2 square pieces of paper, both the same size. © vou need 2aeniclpeces : Untold both Bock to 8 square @ Foldin halt ancl unfold. (B) Bring the lower lft corner to the eenter line and fold. Make Sie the fold goes through the lower right comer © Fold aong the eae © Bring the two poi marked @ together tnd fod Fold along the edge 32) REGULAR POLYHEDRA. sg @ Fold along the existing Fold along the existing (Q) Fold and unfold. ((D Fold and unfola. crease line crease line These are the 2 (Each unitis different!) Tetrahedron Modules. @® Reise up along the three crease lines and make a mountain shape. @ Tuck the tap into the sot. The completed TETRAHEDRONaa @ This "Cube" is a slightly different arrangment of the "Cube" by Paul Jackson. You need 6 square pieces of paper all the same size. @ Fotdin hat 34 @ Fold at about the @ Bring the botiorn edge up to the other edge of ‘the paper and fold A \ @ dna REGULAR POLYHEDRA Flap Flap Pocket S) This is the Cube Module. You 6 modules. eed© insert. ‘The completed CUBE @ Raise up along the ‘two crease lines. @ Tuck in the two flaps of the last module. © taser. © Raise up along a crease line, tuck in the two flaps and make a box shape.