Chemical RXN Eng I - (1) Exercises (B&W)

Version September 2016
Susanne Lux, Daniela Painer,

Matthus Siebenhofer
WS 2016/17
Classes 667.107 and CHE.806
Chemical Reaction
Engineering I
Collection of Exercises
Technische Universitt Graz

Institut fr Chemische Verfahrenstechnik und Umwelttechnik
React-25: Change in volume (4) .........................................................................36
Reakt-22: Change in volume (1) .........................................................................34
React-21: Discussion recycle reactor ..................................................................34
React-20: Experimental data (3) .........................................................................34
React-17: Ideal isothermal reactors ....................................................................27
React-16: CSTR-PFR-CSTR in series ................................................................26
React-15: PFR and CSTR in series ....................................................................24
React-14: CSTR and PFR in series ....................................................................24
React-13: Continuous tubular reactors in series .................................................24
React-12: Cascade of continuous stirred-tank reactors ......................................24
React-11: Autocatalytic reaction..........................................................................22
React-10: Continuous reactors (2) ......................................................................20
React-9: Batch reactor ........................................................................................19
React-8: Continuous reactors (1) ........................................................................19
React-7: Continuous esterification in a Plug flow reactor (PFR) ..........................18
React-6: Batch reactor, reversible reaction (1) ....................................................17
React-5: Equilibrium appraisal ............................................................................16
React-4: Batch reactor and residence time .........................................................15
React-3: Reaction in a plug flow reactor..............................................................13
React-2: Reaction in a continuous-stirred tank reactor .......................................12
React-1: Reaction in a batch reactor ...................................................................11
Exercises of Part 2: Ideal reactors ......................................................................11
Kin-7: Arrhenius equation ....................................................................................10
Kin-6: Autocatalysis .............................................................................................. 9
Kin-5: Mixed order reactions ................................................................................ 8
Kin-4: Reaction order (2) ...................................................................................... 7
Kin-3: Reaction rate constant and temperature .................................................... 6
Kin-2: Reaction order and reaction rate constant ................................................. 5
Kin-1: Reaction order (1) ...................................................................................... 4
Kin-0 B: What is formalistic kinetics? ................................................................... 3
Kin-0 A: And the Winner is? ................................................................................. 1
Exercises of Part 1: Kinetics of chemical reactions .............................................. 1
Content
Content
React-31: Heat control of continuous reactors (CSTR, PFR) ..............................42
React-30: Heat control of an CSTR .....................................................................40
React-29: Heat control of an adiabatic PFR ........................................................38
React-28: Calculation of enthalpies of reaction ...................................................38
React-27: Conversion at reaction equilibrium ......................................................37
Exercises of Part 3: Heat Control ........................................................................37
Content
Who paid the bill of the students?
offers to foot the bill, if the assumption of the group will be right.
that the cable car passenger will win the competition. The landlord is astonished and
taurant. They have a look at the data and claim after some tricks with the Excel file,
Accidentally a group of process engineering students from Graz is sitting in the res-
lord could read out the data into an Excel file.
rupts the connection to all of the three transmitters after 3 minutes. By then the land-
Start and data transfer work out perfectly until out of the sudden a disturbance inter-
tude of 480 [m].
cross driver takes the forest road. Winner is the competitor, who first crosses the alti-
has entered the cable car. The mountain biker takes the ski lift trail and the moto-
biker and the motocross driver are allowed to start, when the cable car passenger
tervals of 10 seconds with the computer of the landlord. It is agreed that the mountain
referee of the competition. They decide to record the altitude via GPS in regular in-
of decent is also mentioned, which leads to a bet. The landlord is willing to be the
are discussing the state of the economy. During the lively discussion the fastest way
passenger, are sitting in a restaurant on top of a popular mountain at 1445 [m]. They
Three sportsman, a mountain biker, a motocross driver and a passionate cable car
Kin-0 A: And the Winner is?
1 Exercises of Part 1: Kinetics of chemical reactions
1435
1425
1415
1405
1395
1385
1375
1365
1355
1345
1335
1325
1315
1305
1295
1285
1275
1265
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
1185
1200
1210
1225
1240
1250
1265
1280
1295
1310
1325
1340
1350
1370
1380
1400
1415
1430
1445
driver [m]
passenger [m]
1445
H motocross
H cable car
t [s]
915
930
945
965
980
1000
1020
1045
1070
1090
1120
1150
1180
1215
1250
1290
1340
1390
1445
biker [m]
H mountain
]) at
When does the passionate hiker arrive at the starting point of his adventure?
altitude.
along the forest road towards the starting point of his trip, the Trout Farm at 1200 [m]
Meanwhile the clock says half past one pm and the hiker is carrying his tired body
farmer with his tractor, who gives the poor hiker a ride to his farm at 1500 [m] altitude.
takes him down the ski arena at 1700 [m] within 10 minutes. By chance he meets a
recognizes hiking as very tiring and prefers the convenience of a cable car, which
About one and a half hours later he continues his journey down the mountain. He
Hut is famous for its own brewed beer. One can easily take up to 3 beers at one go.
tion, he says to himself, a short break has never done anybody any harm. The Zirben
[m]. Since he is not able to pass the Zirben Hut on his way down from the valley sta-
ski lift, which takes him within 20 minutes quickly down to the valley station at 2000
time goes by much quicker in the mountains than in the valley. He decides to take the
self a so called Jagertee Grande. After one hour and 3 Jagertees he recognizes, that
lift at 2504 [m] above sea level. In the Edelweiss Hut next to it the hiker allows him-
quently exceeded in this area. After 30 minutes he already reaches the top of the ski
which are open all the year round. Apparently the explosive limit of ethanol is fre-
mountain huts,
Refreshed after a mouthful of his hipflask he starts the descent over the eastern
Can he reach the summit before sunrise? When does he arrive on top?
am he reaches the tree line (1800 [m]). H
he wants to reach the summit at 2741 [m] altitude before sunrise at 7:15 am. At 5:12
He starts well rested at 4:45 am at the western slope 1500 [m] above sea level, since
A passionate hiker decides very early in the morning to climb his favourite mountain.
Kin-0 B: What is formalistic kinetics?
0.086
0.138
0.166
0.189
0.216
0.250
0.267
0.275
600
1200
1800
2400
3600
7200
10800
14400
Result: n = 2, k = 0.0022 [l/(mol s)]
cIsobutylacetat [mol/l]
t [s]
reaction. The data analysis has to be carried out by the integral method.
table below. Determine the reaction order n and the reaction rate constant for this
was determined in a fixed setting of time intervals. The results are presented in the
2 MnO4- + H2O2 + 2 H+ = 2 MnO2 + 2 O2 + 2 H2O
Determine n and k.
Measurement data:
55.6
50.4
45.9
42.0
38.4
35.1
10
20
30
40
50
60
31.9
61.9
70
MnO4- [ml]
t [min]
A sample of 10 [ml] is titrated with a permanganate solution of c = 0.02 [mol/l].
equation is:
composition is measured by titration with MnO4- as a titrant. Therefore the chemical
This reaction is carried out in a beaker at T = 25 [C], in which the progress of de-
H2O2 = H2O + 0.5 O2.
of 100 [C]. The initial concentration of acetic anhydride and isobutanol is both
c0 = 0.304 [mol/l]. The concentration of isobutyl acetate in the contents of the reactor
H2O2 can be catalytically decomposed by Fe3+ according to the chemical equation
Isobutanol is isothermally esterified with acetic anhydride in toluene at a temperature
Kin-2: Reaction order and reaction rate constant
Kin-1: Reaction order (1)
1.000
0.935
0.846
0.688
0.468
12
20
20
12
0.175
0.435
0.650
0.84
1.000
c/c0
0.207
0.484
0.767
1.000
c/c0
12
t [min]
0.168
0.410
0.714
0.966
c/c0
50
0.267
10800
0.275
0.250
7200
14400
0.216
0.189
0.166
0.138
0.086
cIsobutylacetat [mol/l]
3600
2400
1800
1200
600
t [s]
Result (finite difference method):
Result (integral method): n = 2, k = 0.0022 [l/(mol s)]
d = -log k
k = 10-2.6407 = 0.0023 [l/(mol s)]
a=n=2
y =2 (-log c-average)+ 2.64
k[
12
t [min]
T = 50 [C]
38
0.099
0.358
0.624
0.874
1.000
c/c0
T = 38 [C]
y=ax+d
15
10
t [min]
T = 25 [C]
below. Determine the reaction order n and the reaction rate constant for this reaction.
determined in a fixed setting of time intervals. The results are presented in the table
0.304 [mol/l]. The concentration of isobutyl acetate in the contents of the reactor was
of 100 [C]. The initial concentration of acetic anhydride and isobutanol is both c0 =
Isobutanol is isothermally esterified with acetic anhydride in toluene at a temperature
be carried out with a differential method.
25
20
10
T [C]
t [min]
T = 20 [C]
Determine n and k(T)
c/c0
t [min]
T = 10 [C]
The following table shows the results:
The experiments were carried out at isothermal conditions at different temperatures.
the experiment Fe3+ was added to the solution in a molar ratio of Fe3+:EDTA of 1:2.
800 [ml] EDTA of c0 = 1 [mmol/l] has been treated with a ND-radiation emitter. Before
The investigation of the reaction in exercise Kin-1 (determination of n and k), has to
The photochemical mineralisation of EDTA can be accelerated by Fe3+.
Kin-4: Reaction order (2)
Kin-3: Reaction rate constant and temperature
1.000
0.860
0.602
0.355
0.083
0.000
0.000
0.0
3.0
11.4
19.5
32.5
48.8
97.5
Compare: n = 0; n = 1 (n changes from n = 0 to n = 1)
c [mmol/l]
t [min]
the following reduction in EDTA concentration can be observed. One after another
Data:
0.41
0.26
0.13
0.06
0.02
0.01
30
36
45
55
70
100
0.63
20
0.58
0.74
16
25
0.84
0.90
0.95
1.00
c [mmol/l]
12
time
Analyse the autocatalytic reaction.
acetate substitute is splits of from the EDTA molecules by the radiation treatment.
For the photolysis of EDTA by treating a 1 [mmol/l] EDTA solution with ND-radiation
process following development of the EDTA concentration can be observed.
For the photochemical decomposition of 1 [mmol/l] EDTA according to the H2O2/UV-
Kin-6: Autocatalysis
Kin-5: Mixed order reactions
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
1.2
2.0
2.8
3.8
5.0
6.6
8.8
12.7
The reaction order n, the pre-exponential (or frequency) factor A and the activation
energy EA has to be determined.
Result: n = 2, A = 5 10 [l/(mol s)], EA = 196 [kJ/mol]
11
0.9
0.6
25.0
716
11.6
700
Show the chronological history of reaction.
-rA [mol/(l s)]
XA
tion process. In addition to that the initial concentration of A is cA,0 = 1 [mol/l].
5.12
683
11
The reaction rate constant k is 0.182 [1/s] and the density is constant during the reac-
B the rate law below was found.
cA [mol/l]
2.20
666
+ I2,g
k 104 [l/(mol s)]
2,g
T [K]
2 HIg
For the reaction A
t [s]
Chemical reaction:
React-1: Reaction in a batch reactor
For the decomposition of gaseous hydrogen iodide following data is given.
2 Exercises of Part 2: Ideal reactors
10
Kin-7: Arrhenius equation
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
-rA [mol/(l s)]
XA
V/FA,0 [l s/mol]
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
cA [mol/l]
-rA [mol/(l s)]
XA
V/FA,0 [l s/mol]
PFR (continuous tubular reactor) of the same reactor volume as in exercise React-1?
CSTR (continuous-stirred tank reactor) of the same reactor volume as in exercise
cA [mol/l]
What is the permissible flow of component A (FA,0) to reach the same conversion in a
What is the permissible flow of component A (FA,0) to reach the same conversion in a
Compare and interpret the ratio V/FA,0 of PFR and CSTR.
React-1?
The reaction rate constant k is 0,182 [1/s] and the density is constant during the reac-
13
The reaction rate constant k is 0.182 [1/s] and the density is constant during the reac-
For the reaction A
For the reaction A
React-3: Reaction in a plug flow reactor
12
React-2: Reaction in a continuous-stirred tank reactor
14
20
40
60
V/FA,0-RR
10
Comparison of V/FA,0 for PFR and CSTR
tank reactor (CSTR) at same conversion XA:
12
14
Comparison of V/FA,0 for continuous tubular reactor (PFR) and continuous stirred-
V/FA,0-kRK
15
bB
aA
cC
CH3COOC4H9 +
dD
H2O
74 [g/mol]
116 [g/mol]
butanol
butyl acetate
Result:
= 1964 [s], VR = 1.03 [m3]
time needed for manipulation, heating and cooling phase comes to 30 minutes.
Calculate the reactor volume for the production of 100 [kg/h] butyl acetate, when the
XA = 0.5.
for a conversion of acetic acid of
60 [g/mol]
acetic acid
Molar mass
= 750 [kg/m3] is constant for the whole reaction.
Determine the time of reaction (or residence time)
The density
tanol. A reaction rate constant of k = 2.9 10-4 [l/(mol s)] was found for the experiment.
sidered as 2nd-order reaction with regard to acetic acid, because of the excess of bu-
The molar ratio between butanol and acetic acid is 4.97:1. The reaction can be con-
C4H9OH
CH3COOH +
Chemical reaction:
ture of 100 [C] and with sulphuric acid (0.032 w%) as a catalyst.
Butanol is esterified to butyl acetate with acetic acid in a batch reactor at a tempera-
React-4: Batch reactor and residence time
= constant
tTot = 1 [h]
XA = 0.35
cC
CH3COOC2H5 +
dD
H2O
c.
b.
a.
cD,0 = 0
cC,0 = 0
cB,0 = 10 [kmol/m3]
cA,0 = 3.9 [kmol/m3]
cD,0 = 0
cC,0 = 0
cB,0 = 3.9 [kmol/m3]
cA,0 = 3.9 [kmol/m3]
cD,0 = 17
cC,0 = 0
cB,0 = 10 [kmol/m3]
cA,0 = 3.9 [kmol/m3]
How much is the reactor volume Vreactor for different initial concentrations?
k2 cC cD
K = k1/k2 = 2.9
must not be exceeded?

-r = k1 cA cB
k1 = 7.9 10-6 [m3/(kmol s)]
bB
aA
C2H5OH
CH3COOH +
ture is 100 [C].
from acetic acid and ethanol. The catalyst is aqueous hydrochloric acid, the tempera-
Which temperature limit has to be considered, if the minimal conversion of XA = 0.75
Investigate the reaction between 273 [K] and 373 [K].
The values below are given:
2 [t] of ethyl acetate (= 22.7 [kmol/h]) shall be produced in a isothermal batch reactor
B.
17
An aqueous substance A is converted to B by a reversible reaction of A
React-6: Batch reactor, reversible reaction (1)
16
React-5: Equilibrium appraisal
bB
aA
cC
CH3COOC4H9 +
dD
H2O
XA = 0.999
cA,0 = 0.5 [mol/l]
Data:
Result: V
The reactor volume VR.
production scale of 100 [kg/h] butyl acetate (= 862.1 [mol/h]).
with k in [1/s]
with k in [l/(mol h)]
rA = - 3 cA2
with k in [mol/(h l)]

rA = -0.0001 cA
rA = -0.05
Rate laws:
116 [g/mol]
Butyl acetate
B.
Determine the residence time of a batch reactor for the reaction A
The volumetric input flow (feed) FV,0 for a conversion of acetic acid of XA = 0.5 at a
74 [g/mol]
Butanol
with k in [l/(mol h)]
with k in [1/s]
with k in [mol/(h l)]
React-9: Batch reactor
rA = -3 cA
VR = 1000 [l]
60 [g/mol]
Acetic acid
Molar mass
= 750 [kg/m ] is constant for the whole reaction.
Calculate:
The density
rA = -0.0001cA
rA = -0.5
tanol. A reaction rate constant of k = 2.9 10-4 [l/(mol s)] was found for the experiment.
Rate laws:
XA = 0.99
Fv,0 = 10 [l/h]
FA,0 = 5 [mol/h]
sidered as 2nd-order reaction with regard to acetic acid, because of the excess of bu-
The molar ratio between butanol and acetic acid is 4.97:1. The reaction can be con-
C4H9OH
CH3COOH +
Chemical reaction:
Data:
Design a PFR and a CSTR for the reaction A
perature of 100 [C] and with sulphuric acid (0.032 w%) as a catalyst.
Butanol is esterified to butyl acetate with acetic acid in a plug flow reactor at a tem-
React-8: Continuous reactors (1)
18
React-7: Continuous esterification in a Plug flow reactor (PFR)
B.
19
rA [mol/(m3 s)]
-0.45
-0.37
-0.3
-0.195
-0.113
-0.079
-0.05
XA
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.8
(1/-rA)
[m3]
[m3]
VCSTR, X=0.8 =
VPFR, X=0.8 =
Result:
Determine VCSTR and VPFR in different ways. (a to d)
XA = 0.8
FA,0= 0.4 [mol/s]
P = 8.2 [bar]
T = 500 [K]
pure substance A.
20
B. The feed consists of
(FA,0/-rA)
Design a PFR and a CSTR for the gas phase reaction A
React-10: Continuous reactors (2)
d) portray XA vs VPFR and rA vs VPFR
c) numerical integration of VPFR
b) graphical integration of VPFR
a) graphical determination of VCSTR
21
22
R+R
Mn2+ + 5 CO2 + 4 H2O
H2C2O4
H2SO4
KMnO4
2 [ml]
1 [ml]
2 [ml]
Composition of the mixture:
the mixture was measured subsequently at
0.02
50
0.05
[mol/l]
[w%]
[mol/l]
= 546 [nm].
CEET: Permanganate and oxalic acid was mixed in a cuvette, then the absorption of
The following experiment was carried out by Mr. Gruber in the lab of the institute of
Considering a variable ratio of cR,0/cA,0 = M, apply:
A+R
In general the reaction can be described as:
MnO4- + 3 H+ + 2,5 H2C2O4
terms of permanganate according to the chemical reaction:
The reduction of permanganate by oxalic acid is a well-known 1st-order reaction in
React-11: Autocatalytic reaction
0.0079035
19.2
0.0005387
0.0001837
31.2
34.2
0.0000031
Determine k and compare the reactor volume for CSTR and PFR.
40.2
0.0000561
0.0018093
28.2
37.2
0.0047738
25.2
0.0074021
0.008
16.2
22.2
cA [mol/l]
t [s]
Measurements for cR,0 = 10-8 [mol/l]:
23
24
B is carried out in a cascade of 2 CSTRs. The conversion in the first
B is carried out in a cascade of 2 PFRs. The conversion in the first
B is carried out in a cascade of 1 CSTR and 1 PFR. The conversion
B is proceeded in the
How much are the volumes VPFR und VCSTR? (data and graphs see page 25)
of 0.8 is obtained. FA,0 = 0,4 [mol/s].
1. reactor (PFR) to a conversion of XA = 0.4 After the 2. reactor (CSTR) a conversion
In a reactor cascade with 1 PFR und 1 CSTR the reaction A
React-15: PFR and CSTR in series
How much are the volumes VCSTR und VPFR? (data and graphs see page 25)
FA,0 = 0.4 [mol/s].
in the first reactor (CTSR) is XA = 0.4 and in the second reactor (PFR) XA = 0.8.
A reaction A
React-14: CSTR and PFR in series
How much are the volumes VPFR1 und VPFR2? (data and graphs see page 25)
PFR is XA = 0.4 and in the second PFR XA = 0.8. FA,0 = 0.4 [mol/s].
A reaction A
React-13: Continuous tubular reactors in series
d) How much would the volume of one PFR be?
case of 4 CSTRs?
c) How much are the volume of each CSTR and the total volume of all reactors in
b) How much is the volume, if the reaction is carried out in one CSTR?
a) How much are the reactor volumes VCSTR1 und VCSTR2?
(data and graphs see page 25)
CSTR is XA = 0.4 and in the second CSTR XA = 0.8. FA,0 = 0.4 [mol/s].
A reaction A
React-12: Cascade of continuous stirred-tank reactors
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.8
React-14
React-12
React-15
React-13
FA,0/-rA [m3] 0.89 1.09 1.33 2.05 3.54 5.06 8.0
XA
Data (React-12 to React-15):
25
FA,0/-rA [m ]
3rd reactor: VCSTR; Xout = 0.65
2nd reactor: VPFR; Xout = 0.6
1 reactor: VCSTR; Xout = 0.2
st
Determine:
-rA [kmol/(m h)]
XA
39
53
0.2
59
0.4
38
0.6
25
0.65
887
triglyceride
921
1260
787
880
The measured kinetic data below refers to the methanol-free mixture.
The reaction is isothermal and carried out at three different temperatures at lab scale.
calculated ideally.
esterification, is neglected.) It is also determined, that the density of mixtures can be
cence. (A second step, in which the triglyceride would be exposed to further trans-
the product (RME) is separated from glycerine and the rest of methanol by coales-
conversion of triglyceride, at double stoichiometric amount of methanol. Afterwards
further assumption is made, that in a first step the reaction is carried out until a 95%
optimal configuration has to be obtained. Homogeneous conditions are assumed. A
A reactor for the production of 20 000 [t/year] biodiesel has to be designed and its
92
32
MeOH
glycerine
297
RME
substance MM [kg/kmol] denisty [kg/m3]
glyceride. The properties of the reactants are listed in the table below.
This is a complex stepwise reaction with the intermediates diglyceride and mono-
Triglycerid + 3 Methanol = 3 Fettsuremethylester + Glycerin
transesterification of triglycerides with methanol is used. Chemical reaction:
Data:
To produce biodiesel (e.g. rapeseed methyl ester - RME) from plant oils, the catalytic
PFR-CSTR). FA,0 = 50 [kmol/h]
27
n-Butane is adiabatically isomerized to iso-butane in a cascade of reactors (CSTR-
React-17: Ideal isothermal reactors
26
React-16: CSTR-PFR-CSTR in series
1.1116
0.2471
0.1593
0.1068
0.0874
0.0571
180
300
420
600
1200
0.0301
0.0525
0.0735
0.0919
0.1311
1.1167
T = 40 [C]
0.0165
0.0286
0.0398
0.0653
0.0822
1.1168
T = 55 [C]
28
PFRs in series?
d) How does it affect the total volume, if you split up the one PFR in b) into 2
each (instead of one CSTR in b)) affect the total volume?
c) How does a cascade of 4 CSTRs with a conversion of triglyceride Xtri = 0.24
What is the dimension/volume of a PFR?
What is the dimension/volume of a CSTR?
3 shifts of 8 hours per day, 300 days per year.
separation is carried out continuously after the reactor. The factory operates in
b) In a second step the continuous operation is investigated. The product stream
What should be the scale/volume of the batch reactor?
two shifts of 8 hours per day, 300 days per year.
(emptying, coalescence, refilling) comes to 1.5 hours. The factory operates in
of products are let out and reactor is filled again. The time of manipulation
of products after the reaction is carried out in the tank reactor. The two phases
a) In a first step the production in a batch reactor is investigated. The separation
T = 25 [C]
t [s]
triglyceride [mol/kg]
[m]
[m]
H-gesamt
[m]
[mol/l]
[m3/ batch]
ctri
glycerine
MeOH
triglyceride
RME
[kg/batch]
1.3
[m /batch]
Hgross CSTR
12.81
0.02985
9.34
[min]
[l/(mols)]
batches per day
residence time
[C]
40
43 743.3
[J/mol]
EA
1.5
0.95
16
300
596 002
[h]
[days]
k0
manipulation
time of
Xtri
hours per day
[kmol/batch]
a) batch reactor (discontinuous)
20 000
[t per year]
29
[C]
[l/(mols)]
-rtri
Fn
[mol/l]
ctri
[mol/(ls)]
[m3]
[h]
-rtri
VR
Fn
Fm
[m3/h]
Fv
glycerine
20 000
[t per year]
MeOH
[kmol/batch]
Fm
ctri
Fv
glycerine
MeOH
triglyceride
RME
[h]
[m3]
[mol/(ls)]
[mol/l]
[m3/h]
[kg/ batch]
VR
[m /batch]
CSTR
0.02985
30
triglyceride
RME
43 743.3
[J/mol]
EA
[kg/ batch]
596 002
k0
40
0.95
Xtri
300
24
[days]
hours per day
b) continuous reactors
[m3/ batch]
PFR
[kmol/ batch]
20 000
[t per year]
31
0.95
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
Xtri
0.95
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
Xtri
ctri [mol/l]
ctri [mol/l]
c) CSTR
-rtri [mol/(ls)]
d) PFR
-rtri [mol/(ls)]
-rtri [kmol/(m3h)]
-rtri [kmol/(m3h)]
1/(-rtri)
1/(-rtri)
32
4
20
50
1
6
24
n = _____, k = _____
cA [mmol/l]
Fv [l/min]
300
0.65
240
0.92
250
110
0.56
360
0.37
24
0.41
0,48
200
0.28
0,48
560
0.2
0,48
B is in-
sion in a CSTR at an initial input concentration of cA,0 = 0,8 [mol/l]?
b) How long is the residence time, if this reaction is carried out until 75% conver-
sion in a PFR at an initial input concentration of cA,0 = 0,8 [mol/l]?
a) How long is the residence time, if this reaction is carried out until 75% conver-
[s]
cA,t [mol/l]
cA,0 [mol/l]
Data:
vestigated in a CSTR.
The decomposition of the reactant A according to the chemical reaction A
React-19: Experimental data (2)
Determine the rate law:
Data:
33
B is analysed in a CSTR of the volume V = 1 l. The kinetics are
observed for a initial concentration of cA,0 = 100 mmol/l.
The reaction A
4 B.
cA(XA)
4 PH3,g
P4, g + 6 H2,g
mine the reactor volume for a 80% conversion.
(Result: V = 7.4 [m3])
carried out in a PFR at a pressure of 460 [kPa]. The flow shall be 2 [kmol/h]. Deter-
It is a first-order reaction with a reaction rate constant of k = 10 [1/h]. The reaction is
tion:
Phosphine decomposes at a temperature of 650 [C] according to the chemical reac-
React-23: Change in volume (2)
and the reaction rate rA(XA) based on conversion XA(t).
Inertgas I is added to the inlet gas flow of A in a ratio of 1:1.
The Gas A reacts to 4 B according to the chemical reaction A
Reakt-22: Change in volume (1)
0.1; 1; 10; 100 and 1 000.
discuss the influence on the tubular reactor volume of the different reflux ratios R =
According to exercises React-10b and react-10c (relative conversion of XA = 0.95)
React-21: Discussion recycle reactor
T = 500 [K] rA = - 2.3 pA

R+S
R+S
cB,t = 20 [kmol/m3]
cB,0 = 200 [kmol/m ]

cA,t = 50 [kmol/m3]
determine: cB,t, XA,t, XB,t
cA,t = 20 [kmol/m3]
cA,t = 20 [kmol/m3]
cB,0 = 200 [kmol/m3]
cB,0 = 200 [kmol/m ]
cA,0 = 100 [kmol/m3]

cA,0 = 100 [kmol/m ]
T = 400 [K], P = 4 [bar]
T = 300 [K], P = 3 [bar]

3
T0 = 1000 [K], P0 = 5 [bar]
T0 = 400 [K], P0 = 4 [bar]
5R
given: A + B
given: A + B
2R
F) gas phase reaction
E) gas phase reaction
determine: cA,t, XA,t, XB,t
cB,0 = 100 [kmol/m3]
cA,0 = 100 [kmol/m3]
cA,0 = 100 [kmol/m3]
given: A + 2B
given: A + B
D) gas phase reaction (liquid phase reaction.)
C) gas phase reaction
cA,t = 20 [kmol/m3]
XA,t = 0.8
determine: cB,t, cA,t, XB,t
cB,0 = 200 [kmol/m3]
cA,0 = 100 [kmol/m3]
given: A + 2B
cB,0 = 200 [kmol/m3]
cA,0 = 100 [kmol/m3]
given: A + B
35
B) liquid phase reaction (gas phase reaction)
A) gas phase reaction
with rA [mol/(ls)] and pA [bar]
T = 400 [K] rA = - 2.3 pA2
Investigate and discuss the following reactions in a PFR.
What is the activation energy EA of the reaction with the following experimental data?
34
r I)
e) Determine the reaction rate and plot it in a graph to find the ratio of V/FA.
conversion.
d) Determine the concentration of all reactants and products as a function of
c) Determine the change in volume
b) Determine the inlet concentrations of reactants and inert gas.
a) Set up a total mole balance and one for each component.
the oxidation of SO2 is a first-order reaction in terms of SO2 and O2.
pressure P = 1485 [kPa] and temperature of T = 277 [C]. At this operation condition
The input flow consists of 28 % SO2 and 72 % air. The oxidation is carried out at the
rI
cC
(a A +
bB
SO3 + x N2
SO2 + 0,5 O2 + x N2
SO2 is oxidized with air in a PFR. Chemical reaction:
cA,t = 40 [kmol/m3]
cI,0 = 100 [kmol/m3]
cB,0 = 200 [kmol/m3]
cA,0 = 100 [kmol/m3]
given:
A+3B=6R
37
Result:
must not be exceeded?
398
388
378
368
358
348
338
328
318
308
298
T [K]
KT
Which temperature limit has to be considered, if the minimal conversion of XA = 0.75
Investigate the reaction between 273 [K] and 373 [K].
K298 = 426
= - 75 [kJ/mol]
= - 15 [kJ/mol]
Following data is given:
An aqueous substance Stoff A is converted to B in a reversible reaction A
React-27: Conversion at reaction equilibrium
gas I:
In a continuous reactor the following reaction of gases A and B is carried out in inert
3 Exercises of Part 3: Heat Control
36
25
25
25
H2(g)
NH3(g)
35.618
28.835
29.132
[J/(mol K)]
[C]
N2(g)
substance
CP
-45.94
38
B is carried out in a PFR at adiabatic conditions,
3. stoichiometry:
2. reaction rate:
1. mole balance:
Solution:
the reactor.
Derive a function of the conversion XA and the temperature T against the length of
whereas the reaction order is n = 1.
The exothermal reaction A
Hf
[kJ/mol]
React-29: Heat control of an adiabatic PFR
Data:
Calculate the enthalpy of reaction at T = 200 [C].
N2,g + 3 H2,g = 2 NH3,g
Ammonia is produced according to the chemical reaction:
React-28: Calculation of enthalpies of reaction
or
apply:
the input is pure A (xA,0 = 1)
special case
[kg/m3]
[kJ/kmol A];
[kJ/mol A]
CP [kJ/(molK)];
[kJ/mol A]
mind the units:
CP [kJ/(molK)];
mind the units:
c [kmol/m ];
CP [kJ/(kgK)];
mind the units:
39
40
2C
0.2
288
0.00134
T [K]
k [1/s]
0.00188
293
20
0.00263
298
25
0.00351
303
30
= 1070
= -210 [kJ/mol].
Determine the time of reaction for a conversion of X = 0.8.
reaction with an enthalpy of reaction of
[kg/m ] and the specific heat capacity is CP = 3.8 [kJ/(kg K)]. It is also an exothermal
tion of acetic anhydride is 0.3 [kmol/m3], the density of the solution is
The reaction is carried out at T = 15 [C] in a batch reactor, with an initial concentra-
15
T [C]
ture dependency of the reaction.
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.1
reaction in terms of acetic acid anhydride (= A). The table below shows the tempera-
2 CH3COOH
0.3
(CH3CO)2O + H2O
Data:
T [K]
In diluted aqueous solution the reaction can be assumed as irreversible first-order
chemical reaction:
Acetic acid anhydride (acetic anhydride) is hydrolysed with water according to the
React-30: Heat control of an CSTR
k [1/s]
1/(k (1-X))
41
42
CP,iso-pentane = 161 [J/(mol K)]
CP,n-butane = 141 [J/(mol K)]
KC = 3.03 bei T = 333 [K]
= -6.9 [kJ/mol n-butane]
EA = 65.7 [kJ/mol]
k = 31.1 [1/h] at T = 360 [K]
cA,0 = 9.3 [kmol/m3]
Reaction:
xn-butane = 0,9; rest: iso-pentane at T = 330 [K]
Input:
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
10 000 [kg/h] (= 172 [kmol/h]) iso-butane at X = 0,7 (MMIso-butane = 58 [g/mol])
0.1
CSTR:
PFR:
Production scale:
reaction.
high pressure conditions. Compare the reactor volume of a CSTR and a PFR for this
Iso-butane is adiabatically, catalytically isomerized from n-butane in liquid state under
React-31: Heat control of continuous reactors (CSTR, PFR)
Xe
Xe
(-rA)
(-rA)
FA,0/-rA
FA,0/-rA
43

Chemical RXN Eng I - (1) Exercises (B&W)

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Chemical RXN Eng I - (1) Exercises (B&W)

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Version September 2016

Susanne Lux, Daniela Painer,

Classes 667.107 and CHE.806

Technische Universitt Graz

React-25: Change in volume (4) .........................................................................36

React-24: Change in volume (3) .........................................................................35

React-23: Change in volume (2) .........................................................................34

Reakt-22: Change in volume (1) .........................................................................34

React-21: Discussion recycle reactor ..................................................................34

React-20: Experimental data (3) .........................................................................34

React-19: Experimental data (2) .........................................................................33

React-18: Experimental data (1) .........................................................................33

React-17: Ideal isothermal reactors ....................................................................27

React-16: CSTR-PFR-CSTR in series ................................................................26

React-15: PFR and CSTR in series ....................................................................24

React-14: CSTR and PFR in series ....................................................................24

React-13: Continuous tubular reactors in series .................................................24

React-12: Cascade of continuous stirred-tank reactors ......................................24

React-11: Autocatalytic reaction..........................................................................22

React-10: Continuous reactors (2) ......................................................................20

React-9: Batch reactor ........................................................................................19

React-8: Continuous reactors (1) ........................................................................19

React-7: Continuous esterification in a Plug flow reactor (PFR) ..........................18

React-6: Batch reactor, reversible reaction (1) ....................................................17

React-5: Equilibrium appraisal ............................................................................16

React-4: Batch reactor and residence time .........................................................15

React-3: Reaction in a plug flow reactor..............................................................13

React-2: Reaction in a continuous-stirred tank reactor .......................................12

React-1: Reaction in a batch reactor ...................................................................11

Exercises of Part 2: Ideal reactors ......................................................................11

Kin-7: Arrhenius equation ....................................................................................10

Kin-6: Autocatalysis .............................................................................................. 9

Kin-5: Mixed order reactions ................................................................................ 8

Kin-4: Reaction order (2) ...................................................................................... 7

Kin-3: Reaction rate constant and temperature .................................................... 6

Kin-2: Reaction order and reaction rate constant ................................................. 5

Kin-1: Reaction order (1) ...................................................................................... 4

Kin-0 B: What is formalistic kinetics? ................................................................... 3

Kin-0 A: And the Winner is? ................................................................................. 1

Exercises of Part 1: Kinetics of chemical reactions .............................................. 1

React-31: Heat control of continuous reactors (CSTR, PFR) ..............................42

React-30: Heat control of an CSTR .....................................................................40

React-29: Heat control of an adiabatic PFR ........................................................38

React-28: Calculation of enthalpies of reaction ...................................................38

React-27: Conversion at reaction equilibrium ......................................................37

Exercises of Part 3: Heat Control ........................................................................37

React-26: Change in volume (5) .........................................................................36

Who paid the bill of the students?

lord could read out the data into an Excel file.

tude of 480 [m].

Kin-0 A: And the Winner is?

1 Exercises of Part 1: Kinetics of chemical reactions

1 Exercises of Part 1: Kinetics of chemical reactions

1 Exercises of Part 1: Kinetics of chemical reactions

am he reaches the tree line (1800 [m]). H

Kin-0 B: What is formalistic kinetics?

1 Exercises of Part 1: Kinetics of chemical reactions

Result: n = 2, k = 0.0022 [l/(mol s)]

2 MnO4- + H2O2 + 2 H+ = 2 MnO2 + 2 O2 + 2 H2O

A sample of 10 [ml] is titrated with a permanganate solution of c = 0.02 [mol/l].

composition is measured by titration with MnO4- as a titrant. Therefore the chemical

H2O2 = H2O + 0.5 O2.

H2O2 can be catalytically decomposed by Fe3+ according to the chemical equation