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CentrifugalPumpPipingDesignLayout

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1.GENERAL

Thedesignofapipingsystemcanhaveanimportanteffectonthesuccessfuloperationofa
centrifugalpump.Suchitemsaspumpdesign,suctionpipingdesign,suctionanddischarge
pipesizeandpipesupportsmustallbecarefullyconsidered.Atypicalhorizontalcentrifugal
pumpinstallationisillustratedinFig.CPP1,CPP2,CPP3.

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Selectionofthedischargepipesizeisprimarilyamatterofeconomics.Thecostofvariouspipe
sizesmustbecomparedtothepumpsizeandpowercostrequiredtoovercometheresulting
frictionhead.

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1.1Thesuctionpipingsizeanddesignisfarmoreimportant.Manycentrifugalpumptroubles
arecausedbypoorsuctionconditions.
1.2Thesuctionpipeshouldneverbesmallerthanthesuctionnozzleofthepumpandinmost
casesitshouldbeatleastonesizelarger.Suctionpipesshouldbeasshortandasstraightas
possible.
Suctionpipevelocitiesshouldbeinthe1.01.5metrepersecondrange,unlesssuction
conditionsareunusuallygood.Highervelocitieswillincreasethefrictionlossandcanresultin
troublesomeairandvapourseparation.Thisisfurthercomplicatedwhenelbowsorteesare
locatedadjacenttothepumpsuctionnozzle.Inthatcaseunevenflowpatternsorvapour
separationkeepstheliquidfromevenlyfillingtheimpeller.Thisupsetshydraulicbalance
leadingtonoise,vibration,possible

capacity up to OD 152 mm
and length up to 3000 mm

cavitationandexcessiveshaftdeflection.Cavitation,erosiondamage,shaftbreakageor
permaturebearingfailureetc.mayresult.
1.3Onpumpinstallationsinvolvingsuctionlift,airpocketsinthesuctionlinecanbeasourceof
trouble.Thesuctionpipeshouldbeexactlyhorizontalorwithauniformslopeupwardfromthe
sumptothepumpasillustratedinFig.CPP7.Thereshouldbenohighspotswhereaircan
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collectandcausethepumptoloseitsprime.Eccentricratherthanconcentricreducerswithflat
sidetopshouldalwaysbeused.

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1.4Ifanelbowisrequiredatthesuctionofadoublesuctionpump,itshouldbeinavertical
positionifatallpossible.Whereitisnecessaryforsomereasontouseahorizontalelbow,it
shouldbealongradiuselbowandthereshouldbeaminimumoffivediametersofstraightpipe
betweenelbowandthepumpsuctionasillustratedinFig.CPP9.

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PipingLayoutDrawingsAbbreviationsand
Legends
May14,2015

2.LOCATION

2.1Commonlocationofpumpsinchemicalandpetrochemicalplantisunderthepiperackat
grade.
Pumpsaretobeplacedclosetoandbelowthevesselsfromwhichtheytaketheirsuctionin
ordertohavenetpositivesuctionhead(NPSH)requiredbythepump.
2.2Anyreductioninsuctionlinesizerequiredatpumpsshouldbemadewitheccentric
reducers,withflatsideuptoavoidaccumulationofvapourpocket.Changesindirectionof
suctionlinesshouldbeatleast600mmawayfromthepumpsuction.

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2.3Pumpsshouldbearrangedinlinewithdriversfacingtheaccessgangway.Clearancesand
pipingshouldprovidefreeaccesstoonesideofthedriverandpump.Theremustbegood
accesstogland/sealandcouplingwheremostofthemaintenanceandadjustmentsaredone.

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2.4Withnormalpiperackcolumnspacingof6m,itisgenerallyfoundthatonlytwopumpsof
averagesizecanbearrangedbetweenthecolumns,withapreferredclearanceof1mbetween
thepumps.

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Theclearancebetweenanystructure/steelworkandthepumpdischargelineshallbe0.75m
minimum.Forsmallpumpsupto18KW,clearancebetweenpumpsshouldbe0.9mminimum.
Aspaceof22.5mshouldbeprovidedforworkingaisle.

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AtypicalarrangementofpumpsisillustratedinFig.CPP4,CPP5,CPP6.
1friendlikesthis

2.5Meansofliftingshouldbeprovidedforpumpsormotorweighingmorethan25Kg.
3.StepstodoPumpPiping

Step1:CollecttheP&IDandthepumpdatasheet.
Step2:Studythepumpdatasheetandcollectthesimilar(capacity/head)pumpdimensions/
nozzleposition.

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Step3:Analysethelocationandthespaceprovidedintheunitplotplanw.r.t.suctionand
dischargelinerouting.
Step4:Reviewthemaintenance/operationspacearoundandliftingfacility.
Step5:Locatethecontrolstation,Electricalpushbuttonstation,Electricaltrench,processfluid
drain,flushing/coolingconnectionasrequiredforthepumpmodel.
Step6:Checkelevationsofallvalvehandwheelsonsuctionaswellasdischargelineand
providecommonplatformforvalveoperation,ifrequired.
Step7:MakeIsosketchforsuctionanddischargelinewithalltheitemsasperP&IDand
discusswithprocessengineerforanychange.
Step8:Finalisesupportsofthelineandissueforstressanalysis,ifrequired.
Step9:GetthestressanalysisreportforNozzleloads.Comparetheallowableloadswiththe
actualloadforanychange&finalisation.
Step10:Finaliselocationofpump/drainortrench/Electricalcablerouteandissuecivil
informationtocivilforfoundationdesign.
Step11:Keepnecessaryinsertplateonthefoundationblockforsupportofpushbuttonswitch,
smalllinesforflushing/coolingmanifold.
4.PUMPPIPING:
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4.PUMPPIPING:

4.1HORIZONTALCENTRIFUGALPUMP:

Atypicalhorizontalcentrifugalpumpsuctionanddischargepipingarrangementsisillustrated
inFig.CPP7.
4.2Pumpsuctionpipingshallbeasshortaspossibleandshallbearrangedsothatvapour
pocketsareavoided.
4.3Reducersimmediatelyconnectedtothepumpsuctionshallbeeccentrictypeflatsideupto
avoidaccumulationofgaspocket.
4.4Forendsuctionpumps,elbowsshallnotbedirectlyconnectedtothesuctionflange.A
straightpiece3timesthelinesizeshallhavetobeprovidedatthesuctionnozzle.Thisis
illustratedinFig.CPP8.
TheeffectofelbowdirectlyonsuctionisillustratedinFig.CPP9.
4.5Fortopsuction,pumpelbowshallnotbedirectlyconnectedtosuctionflange.Astraight
pieceofminimum5timesthenozzlesizeshallhavetobeprovidedatthesuctionnozzle.
4.6Ttypestrainersaretobeusedforpermanentaswellastemporarytoavoiddisassembly
ofsuctionpipingforstrainercleaning.
4.7Pipingshallbesoarrangedthatforcesandmomentsimposedonthepumpnozzlesdonot
exceedtheallowablevaluesspecifiedbythevendor.
4.8Whenasuctionvesseloperatesundervacuumtheventconnectionofthepumphastobe
permanentlyconnectedtovapourspaceofthesuctionvesseltoallowpossiblefillingofthe
pumpwithliquidbeforeitisstarted.
4.9Forpumpshandlinghotfluid,thefirstfactorconcernsthesupportofpumppipingwhich
oftenincludeslargeexpansionloopsforflexibility.Whenthepumpsarelocatedbelowthe
piperack(toreducepossibilityofhydrogenleakageovermotor),supportbecomeseasy
otherwisethedesignershouldconsultstressengineerforbestlocationofstopsandhanger.
Withtheoptimumlayoutandsupport,itistobeensuredthattheloadingsonthepumpnozzles
arenotexceededbeyondtheallowablelimits.
4.10Pipingconfigurationforagroupofpumpsofsimilarsizeshallfollowidenticalpattern
andthestressanalysisofonepumppipingshouldbeapplicabletotheotherpumps.
4.11AuxiliaryPumpPipingArrangements:
TheAuxiliarypipingareusuallycoolingwatertomechanicalseals,bearings,stuffingboxes,
glandquenchandlanternringflush.
Whenpumpfluidisused,alineisattachedtotheventconnectiononthepumpcase.The
circulatedsealfluidhastobesentbacktopumpstreamorreferredthroughthesealtopump
internalclearances.
Inviscousorhightemperaturehydrocarbonliquids,thesealfluidmediumcirculatesfrom
externalsourcethroughconnectionsonthepumpseal.
VariousAuxiliarypipingplanisrecommendedinAPI610forproperselectionaccordingto
designrequirements.
4.12PumpvendorsusuallysupplytheAuxiliarypipingandtheneatarrangementsof
thesepipinganditssupportaretobeensuredbythedesignerwhilereviewingthevendor
document.Fig.CPP10illustratesonetypicalAuxiliarypipingarrangementonthepumpbase
plate.
4.13AtypicalarrangementforpipingandvalvesoperationisillustratedinFig.CPP11with
maintenanceandoperationaccess.
4.14Atypicalsuctionanddischargepipingarrangementwithcommonplatformfor
operationofvalvesconnectedtotwoadjacentpumpsisillustratedinFig.CPP12andCPP13.
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operationofvalvesconnectedtotwoadjacentpumpsisillustratedinFig.CPP12andCPP13.
5.SUCTIONBASINOFPUMP

5.1Thebasinfortheintakeofcentrifugalpumpshallbedesignedandsizedproperlyfor
smoothfunctionofthepump.Therecommendationsofhydraulicinstituteareillustratedin
Fig.CPP14.
5.2Theflowoffluidtothesuctionbellshouldbeeven,smoothandstreamlinedwithoutany
vortices.
5.3Atypicalsumpwiththecomponentsandrelativedimensionsofclearanceand
submergenceisillustratedinFig.CPP15.
5.4Formultiplepumpinstallationswithhighcapacitypumps,theanalysisofaproposedintake
designareoftenmadebyuseofascalemodeloftheintakebasinwithallpartssuchasbaffles,
screens,gates,separatingwallsetc.
Thelargebasinisrequiredtoensurelowinletvelocity(approx.2ft.persec.)andtoeliminate
vortexingatthebellmouth.
5.5AtypicalsumppitwithpumpisillustratedinFigCPP16.Thissumpisthecollectionpitof
wastematerialcomingthroughapipeline.Ascreenatthemouthofthepumpavoidschoking/
foulingofthepumpduringoperation.Thedischargeofthepumpmaygotoaslopetank/pond/
wasteremovaltanker.

FigCPP1:Centirfugalpumpdrawing(Type1)

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FigCPP2:Centirfugalpumpdrawing(Type2)

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FigCPP3:Centirfugalpumpdrawing(Impeller)

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FigCPP4:Typicalpumplocationplan

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FigCPP5:TypicalaccessforMaintenance

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FigCPP6:TypicalpumplocationsElevation

FigCPP7:Airpocketsinsuctionpiping

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FigCPP8:Typicalpumpsuction&dischargepiping

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FigCPP9:Elbowatpumpsuction

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FigCPP10:Typicalauxiliarypumppiping

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FigCPP11:Maintenance&operationaccessrequirements

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FigCPP12:Typicalsuction/dischargepiping,plan&elevation

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FigCPP13:Typicalsuction/dischargepiping,frontview

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FigCPP14:Multiplepumpinstallation(Verticalpumps)

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FigCPP15:Sumpdimensions,planview,wetpittypepumps

FigCPP16:Typicalsumpwithpump
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8 COMMENTS
MartyMetz
July17,2015at8:52pm

VeryHelpful
Thankyou
Reply

N.senthilkumaran
October28,2015at2:31am

Usefultechnicaldetails.
Thankyouverymuch
Reply

SalmanMalik
January25,2016at7:47am

QuiteHelpful.
Thanks
Reply

surajbalsara
May6,2016at10:01am

veryuseful
Reply

SARAVANANSUBRAMANI
June26,2016at1:11pm

cananysendsomeimportantpointsofpumpsuctionpiping,heatexchanger
piping,piperackpiping,columnpiping
Reply

Pipingengineering
July17,2016at1:14pm

HiSaravanan,youcanrefertosomeofthepostsbelow.
Pumpsuctionpiping
Abovearticlehttp://www.pipingengineering.com/layoutarrangementfor
centrifugalpumppiping.html
Heatexchangerpiping
1.http://www.pipingengineering.com/heatexchangerpipingdesignguide.html
2.http://www.pipingengineering.com/aircooledheatexchanger.html
http://www.pipingengineering.com/layoutarrangementforcentrifugalpumppiping.html

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Piperackpiping
1.http://www.pipingengineering.com/piperackpipingstudy.html
2.http://www.pipingengineering.com/piperackpipesroutingstructurein
plant.html
3.http://www.pipingengineering.com/piperackbridgedesignflowchart.html
Columnpiping
http://www.pipingengineering.com/columnpipingstudylayoutnozzle
orientationplatformsrequirements.html
Hopethesehelp
AJ.
Reply

saifmethar
October6,2016at6:19am

tnxsomuch!!vryhelpful!
Reply

Randi
November10,2016at12:43pm

thanks,veryhelpful
Reply

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