16 Tensis Dalam Bahasa Inggris: Subject + Verb/Predicate + Object + Modifier
16 Tensis Dalam Bahasa Inggris: Subject + Verb/Predicate + Object + Modifier
Pengungkapan suatu kejadian/aktivitas atau fakta baik melalui tulisan (writing) maupun
percakapan (speaking) pada umumnya mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + Verb/Predicate + Object + Modifier
Dalam bahasa Inggris, pengungkapan kejadian/aktivitas atau fakta tersebut selalu
berpatokan pada tensis. Dengan tensis, pembaca atau pendengar akan mengetahui kapan
kejadian/aktivitas atau fakta tersebut terjadi; Apakah sedang berlangsung pada saat
sekarang (present continuous tense), apakah terjadi di masa lampau (past tense), apakah
sedang berlangsung di masa lampau (past continuous tense), apakah akan terjadi di masa
yang akan datang (future tense), dan seterusnya.
Ada 16 tensis dalam bahasa Inggris, yaitu:
1. Simple present tense
2. Present continuous tense
3. Simple past tense
4. Past continuous tense
5. Present perfect tense
6. Present perfect continuous tense
7. Past perfect tense
8. Past perfect continuous tense
9. Simple future tense
10. Future continuous tense
11. Future perfect tense
12. Future perfect continuous tense
13. Past future tense
14. Past future continuous tense
15. Past future perfect tense
16. Past future perfect continuous tense
Pada tabel di bawah secara berturut-turut diberikan contoh untuk tiap-tiap tensis.
Perhatikan perubahan verb atau verb phrase seiring dengan berubahnya keterangan
waktu.
1
2
3
4
5
Subject Verb/Predicate
Object
Modifier
We
We
We
We
We
English
English
English
English
English
everyday.
now.
last night.
when she came last night.
for 3 hours.
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study
are studying
studied
were studying
have studied
6
7
8
9
10
11
We
We
We
We
We
We
English
English
English
English
English
English
12 We
13
14
15
16
would study
would be studying
would have studied
would have been
studying
We
We
We
We
English
English
English
English
for 3 hours.
for 3 hours when she came last night.
for 3 hours when she came last night.
tomorrow.
when she comes tomorrow.
for 3 hours when she comes
tomorrow.
for 3 hours when she comes
tomorrow.
when she came last night.
when she came last night.
for 3 hours when she came last night.
for 3 hours when she came last night.
Note: Khusus untuk contoh 5&6, 7&8, 11&12, dan 15&16 keterangan waktunya sama.
Kenapa? Mari kita bahas tiap tensis satu per satu.
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Verb1 + es
goes
does
boxes
watches
pinches
punches
studies
cries
flies
tries
presses
passes
smashes
Meaning
pergi
melakukan/mengerjakan
bertinju
menonton
mencubit
memukul
belajar
menangis
terbang
mencoba
menekan, tindis
lulus, meloloskan
memukul
brush
bath
sooth
wash
brushes
bathes
soothes
washes
menyikat
mandi
menenangkan
mencuci
Note:
Huruf y yang didahului oleh konsonan berubah menjadi i (Lihat: studies, tries,
cries).
Verb have (mempunyai) berubah secara tidak beraturan menjadi has.
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hear (mendengar)
see (melihat)
smell (mencium/tercium)
appear (muncul)
have (mempunyai)
own (mempunyai)
Note: Stative verbs bersifat pasif dan tidak digunakan dalam continuous tenses. Tetapi,
beberapa stative verbs juga dapat bersifat aktif , bermakna sedikit berbeda dengan stative
verbs, dan dalam hal ini, dapat digunakan dalam continuous tenses. Perbedaan
penggunaan verbs bersifat pasif dan aktif ini dibahas secara lebih detail di topik Simple
present tense vs present continous tense.
Contoh:
1. I think I know him. (Saya kira/rasa saya tahu dia).
2. I understand English better now. (Saya paham bahasa Inggris dengan lebih baik
sekarang).
3. I love you very much. (Saya sangat mencintai kamu).
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4. The song sounds good but I cannot catch every single word in it. (Lagu itu
terdengar manis tapi saya tidak dapat menangkap satu kata pun dari lagu itu).
5. The snack tastes so delicious. (Camilan itu terasa begitu lezat).
6. I believe you. (Saya percaya kamu).
7. The tragic accident sometimes appears in my mind. (Kecelakaan tragis itu
kadang-kadang muncul di benak saya).
8. She has two dogs and one cat. (Dia punya dua anjing dan satu kucing), etc.
5. Untuk menyatakan fakta yang ada sekarang. Penekanannya lebih pada adanya fakta,
bukan pada proses terjadinya fakta.Verb yang sering digunakan di sini antara lain: consist
of, contain, include, exist, cost, be (i.e: is, am, dan are, atau be jika mengikuti modal
auxiliary).
Contoh:
1. She weighs more than 100 kg. She is very fat. (Dia beratnya lebih dari 100 kg.
Dia sangat gemuk).
2. I want to buy these shoes. How much do they cost? (Saya mau beli sepatu ini.
Berapa harganya?).
3. Cigarettes contain a lot of nicotine and other harmful substances. (Rokok-rokok
mengandung banyak nikotin dan zat-zat berbahaya lainnya).
6. Untuk membuat request (permintaan/minta tolong) dan command (perintah).
Contoh:
1. May I borrow your pen, please? (Boleh saya pinjam pulpenmu?).
2. Make teams that consist of 5 people each! (Buatlah tim yang masing-masing
terdiri dari 5 orang).
Note: Dalam simple present tense, sering digunakan adverb seperti: always (selalu), often
(sering), usually (biasanya), sometimes (kadang-kadang), seldom (jarang), never (tidak
pernah). Adverbs ini biasanya ditempatkan diantara subject dan verb. Tetapi jika kalimat
menggunakan be, adverb ditempatkan setelah be (Lihat contoh 4). Walaupun disisipi
adverb, bentuk verb tidak berubah. Artinya, jika subject-nya singular (orang ketiga
tunggal), verbnya tetap singular (Lihat contoh 5). Selain adverbs, simple present tense
juga sering disisipi modal auxilliary seperti can (dapat), may (boleh, mungkin), dan must
(harus). (Lihat contoh 6). Dan ingat, gunakan plural verb setelah modal auxilliary.
Singular verb tidak pernah digunakan setelah modal auxiliary (Lihat contoh 7).
Penggunaan modal auxilliary akan dibahas secara khusus pada posting berikutnya.
Contoh :
1. I usually watch Hollywood movies to maintain my English proficiency. (Saya
biasanya nonton film-film Hollywood untuk mempertahankan kemampuan bahasa
Inggris saya).
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Negative Form
Bentuk negatif dari kalimat dalam Simple Present Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan
kata bantu do atau does (tergantung dari subject kalimat) dan not, seperti terlihat
dalam formula berikut,
Subject + (does/do) + not + Verb1 + Object + Modifier
Note: a) Jika kalimat positifnya menggunakan singular verb (i.e. verb1 + s/es), gunakan
kata bantu does sebelum not dan jangan lupa untuk merubah singgular verb tersebut
menjadi verb1. Does not dapat disingkat doesnt dan do not dapat disingkat dont. b) Jika
kalimat positifnya menggunakan be (i.e. is, am atau are), kata bantu do atau does tidak
diperlukan. Yang perlu dilakukan di sini hanyalah menyisipkan not setelah be, yang
masing-masing dapat disingkat menjadi isnt/ arent. Kontraksi am + not adalah aint,
tetapi jangan gunakan kontraksi ini dalam tulisan/percakapan formal karena sangat tidak
formal.
Contoh:
1. The sun does not rise in the west and does not set in the east. (Matahari tidak
terbit di barat dan tidak tenggelam di timur).
2. The full moon does not come every 15 days. (Purnama tidak datang tiap 15 hari).
3. The planet earth does not take 400 days to rotate the sun. (Planet bumi tidak butuh
400 hari untuk mengelilingi matahari).
4. My son does not always go to school on foot. (Putraku tidak selalu pergi ke
sekolah dengan berjalan kaki).
5. Mr. Bain does not always play badminton every Sunday morning. (Mr Bain tidak
selalu main bulutangkis tiap minggu pagi).
6. Mr. Budi does not always drive a car to the office. (Mr. Budi tidak selalu naik
mobil ke kantor).
7. I do not believe you. (Saya tidak percaya kamu).
8. I do not understand English better now. (Saya tidak memahami bahasa Inggris
dengan lebih baik sekarang).
9. The song does not sound good but I can catch every single word in it. (Lagu itu
tidak terdengar manis tapi saya dapat menangkap setiap kata di lagu itu).
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10. The snack does not taste good. (Camilan itu tidak terasa lezat).
11. I do not love you very much. (Saya tidak sangat cinta kamu).
12. I do not always watch Hollywood movies to maintain my English proficiency.
(Saya tidak selalu nonton film-film Hollywood untuk mempertahankan
kemampuan bahasa Inggrisku).
13. My children do not always practice their English every Saturday night. (Anakanakku tidak selalu melatih bahasa Ingggrisnya setiap sabtu malam).
14. He is never late. (Dia tak pernah telat).
15. Although he does not always study hard, he always gets good results. (Walaupun
dia tidak selalu belajar keras, dia selalu memperoleh nilai bagus).
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Simple Present Tense dibuat dengan menempatkan kata bantu
does/do atau be is/am/are sebelum subject. Perhatikan formula berikut:
Does/Do + Subject + Verb1 + Object + Modifier?
Contoh:
1. Do farmers in Jati Bali grow rice crops twice a year? (Apakah petani-petani di Jati
Bali bercocok tanam padi dua kali setahun?).
2. Do some students usually conduct research on vegetative plant propagations?
(Apakah beberapa siswa biasanya melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan
tanaman vegetatif?).
3. Does transpiration start to increase at 8 a.m? (Apakah transpirasi mulai meningkat
jam 8 pagi?).
Pola di atas khusus untuk positive yes/no questions. Cara membuat negative yes/no
questions, questions tag, information questions, dan embedded questions dibahas secara
detail di topik How to Address Questions.
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3.
Formula untuk Present Continuous Tense atau Present Progressive Tense adalah:
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Negative Form
Bentuk negatif dari kalimat dalam Present Continuous Tense dibuat dengan
menambahkan NOT di belakang be (is/am/are), seperti yang terlihat dalam formula
berikut:
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Present Continuous Tense dibuat dengan menempatkan be
(is/am/are) di depan subject, seperti tampak pada pola berikut:
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The plants are being watered by the gardener now. (Tanaman-tanaman itu
SEDANG disiram oleh tukang kebun sekarang).
The plants are watered by the gardener everyday. (Tanaman-tanaman itu disiram
oleh tukang kebun tiap hari).
The white board is being erased by Andi. (Papan tulis SEDANG dihapus oleh
Andi).
Sometimes, the white board is erased by Andi. (Kadang-kadang papan tulis
dihapus oleh Andi).
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The bad boy is being interrogated by his father. (Anak nakal itu SEDANG
dinterogasi oleh bapaknya).
The bad boy is always interrogated by his father. (Anak nakal itu selalu
dinterogasi oleh bapaknya).
Sekarang, coba anda rubah kalimat-kalimat pasif di atas menjadi kalimat aktif.
Remember: makna SEDANG-nya jangan sampai hilang!
Cara-cara merubah kalimat pasif menjadi kalimat aktif, dan sebaliknya, dari kalimat aktif
menjadi kalimat pasif dapat dibaca di topik: Active dan Passive Voice.
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1. Farmers in Jati Bali grew rice crops 6 months ago. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali
bercocok tanam padi 6 bulan yang lalu).
2. Some students conducted research on vegetative plant propagations last year.
(Beberapa siswa melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif tahun
lalu).
3. Transpiration started to increase 3 hours ago. (Transpirasi mulai meningkat 3 jam
yang lalu).
Note: jika subject diikuti oleh adjective atau noun, gunakan be was jika subject-nya I, he,
she, it atau noun yang dapat digantikan oleh he, she atau it, dan gunakan were jika
subject-nya you, they, we atau noun yang dapat digantikan dengan you, they atau we.
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2. If he were here now, he could help us solve this math problem. (Jika dia di sini
sekarang, dia dapat membantu kita memecahkan soal matematika ini).
3. If my English were very good, I wouldnt need to read this. (Jika bahasa Inggris
saya sangat bagus, saya tidak perlu membaca (tulisan) ini).
Note: Dalam unreal conditional sentence, be yang digunakan selalu were. Hal ini
dibahas secara lebih detail dalam conditional sentences (part 2).
3. Untuk membuat kalimat tidak langsung (indirect speech) jika kalimat langsungnya
(direct speech) menggunakan simple present tense.
Contoh:
1. He said that he was tired. (Dia berkata bahwa dia lelah).
2. She said that she couldnt find her book. (Dia berkata bahwa dia tidak dapat
menemukan bukunya).
3. He said that he missed his girlfriend. (Dia bilang bahwa dia rindu pacarnya).
yesterday (kemarin)
ago (yang lalu). Misalnya: a minute ago, two days ago, a week ago, three months
ago, two years ago, etc.
last (yang lalu). Misalnya: last week, last year, last two days, last Monday, last
December, etc.
this + morning/noon/afternoon/evening.
Note: walaupun ago dan last memiliki arti yang sama, perhatikan perbedaan letaknya.
Ago diletakkan setelah noun yang diterangkannya (i.e. noun + ago), sedangkan last
diletakkan sebelum noun (i.e. last + noun).
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif dari kalimat dalam Past Tense dibuat dengan cara sebagai berikut:
1. Tambahkan kata bantu did setelah subject.
2. Tambahkan not setelah kata bantu did.
3. Rubah verb2 menjadi verb1.
Jadi, setelah ketiga tahapan dilakukan, kalimat negatifnya akan mengikuti pola sebagai
berikut:
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Note: Jika kalimat positifnya menggunakan to be was atau were, kata bantu did tidak
diperlukan. Yang perlu dilakukan di sini hanyalah menyisipkan not setelah to be.
Contoh:
1. I did not go to Kuta beach yesterday. (Saya tidak pergi ke pantai Kuta kemarin).
2. The tsunami did not sweep Medan. (Tsunami tidak menyapu Medan).
3. This plant was not 2 meters tall last month. (Tanaman ini tidak setinggi 2 meter
sebulan yang lalu).
4. I was not a very good badminton player a year ago. (Saya tidak seorang pemain
bulutangkis yang sangat bagus satu tahun yang lalu).
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Simple Past Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
5.
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Note: Kejadian/aktivitas yang menginterupsi dinyatakan dalam past tense dan berfungsi
sebagai keterangan waktu. Jika ditempatkan di awal kalimat, sisipkan tanda koma
sebelum main clause.
Contoh:
1. When I came home, my daughter was watching TV. (Ketika saya pulang, putri
saya sedang nonton TV).
2. When I called him last night, he was playing card with his friends. (Ketika saya
telpon dia tadi malam, dia sedang main kartu dengan teman-temannya).
3. When she screamed for help, we were chitchatting. (Ketika dia berteriak minta
tolong, kami sedang ngobrol).
4. When someone broke into our house, we were sleeping. (Ktika seseorang
masuk/mencuri ke dalam rumah kami, kami sedang tidur).
5. I held my breath when somebody was behaving suspiciously in my backyard.
(Saya menahan nafas saya ketika seseorang bertingkah laku mencurigakan di
belakang rumah saya).
3. Past Continuous Tense juga digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang terjadi
pada saat bersamaan di masa lampau. Dalam hal ini, formula berikut biasanya digunakan.
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Note: NOT dapat dikontraksi dengan be di depannya menjadi: wasnt dan werent.
Tetapi, penggunaan kontraksi dianggap sedikit kurang formal.
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Contoh:
1. Farmers in Jati Bali have grown rice crops since 1970. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali
telah menanam padi sejak tahun 1970).
2. Some students have conducted research on vegetative plant propagations for two
months. (Beberapa siswa telah melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman
vegetatif selama 2 bulan).
3. Transpiration has started to increase since three hours ago. (Transpirasi telah
mulai meningkat sejak tiga jam yang lalu).
Note: HAS VERB3 digunakan jika subjectnya singular, yaitu jika subjectnya adalah he,
she, it dan noun yang dapat digantikan dengan subject pronoun he, she atau it.
Sebaliknya, HAVE VERB3 digunakan jika subjectnya plural, yaitu jika subjectnya adalah
I, you, they, we, dan noun yang dapat digantikan dengan subject pronoun I, you, they,
atau we.
John has traveled around the world. (John telah bertamasya ke seluruh dunia).
She has read the entire book. (Dia telah membaca buku itu secara keseluruhan).
I have eaten. (Saya telah makan).
Someone has stolen my book. (Seseorang telah mencuri buku saya).
They have gone. (Mereka telah pergi).
Note: Pada contoh di atas, kita tidak tahu kapan John bertamasya ke seluruh dunia, kapan
dia membaca buku, kapan saya makan, kapan seseorang mencuri buku saya, kapan
mereka pergi. Yang menjadi penekanan adalah kejadian/aktivitas tersebut telah
terjadi/dilakukan.
2. Untuk menyatakan kekerapan (berapa kali) kejadian/aktivitas terjadi/dilakukan
pada waktu yang tidak spesifik (unspecified/indefinite time) di masa lampau.
Contoh:
1.
2.
3.
4.
I have seen the Titanic three times. (Saya telah nonton Titanic tiga kali).
She has fallen in love ten times. (Dia telah jatuh cinta 10 kali).
They have failed the exam twice. (Mereka telah gagal ujian 2 kali).
My car has broken down five times. (Mobil saya telah mogok 5 kali minggu ini).
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5. Our dean has punished that very rebellious student three times. (Dekan kita
telah menghukum mahasiswa yang sangat membangkang itu 3 kali).
Note: Pada contoh di atas, kita tidak tahu kapan saya nonton Titanic, kapan dia jatuh
cinta, kapan mereka gagal ujian, kapan mobil saya rusak, kapan dekan menghukum
mahasiswa pembangkang itu. Yang menjadi penekanan adalah berapa kali
kejadian/aktivitas tersebut telah terjadi/dilakukan dari dulu samapi NOW; apakah once
(sekali), twice/two times (dua kali), trice/three times (tiga kali), ten times (sepuluh
kali), dan seterusnya.
3. Untuk menyatakan bahwa kejadian/aktivitas terus terjadi/dilakukan mulai dari
waktu tertentu di masa lampau sampai sekarang (now).
Contoh:
1. I have lived in this house for nine years. (Saya telah tinggal di rumah ini selama
9 tahun). Artinya, sejak 9 tahun yang lalu sampai sekarang, saya telah tinggal di
runah ini.
2. We have studied English since a month ago. (Kita telah belajar bahasa Inggris
sejak 1 bulan yang lalu). Artinya, sejak sebulan yang lalu hingga sekarang, kita
telah belajar bahasa inggris.
3. He has married her for nineteen years. (Dia telah mengawininya selama 19
tahun).
4. Mr. Johnson has worked in the same place since 1980. (Pak Johnson telah
bekerja di tempat yang sama sejak tahun 1980).
5. She has waited for her boyfriend for an hour. (Dia telah menunggu pacarnya
selama satu jam).
Note: Semua kejadian/aktivitas pada kelima contoh di atas masih berlangsung sampai
saat diungkapkan (now). Kejadian/aktivitas seperti ini juga dapat dinyatakan dengan
present perfect continuous tense dengan tanpa merubah makna kalimat.
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1. I have lived in this house since 2000. (Saya telah tinggal di rumah ini sejak tahun
2000).
2. We have studied English for a month. (Kita telah belajar bahasa Inggris selama 1
bulan).
3. He has married her since 1990. (Dia telah mengawininya sejak tahun 1990).
4. Mr. Johnson has worked in the same place for twenty-nine years. (Pak Johnson
telah bekerja di tempat yang sama selama 29 tahun).
5. She has waited for her boyfriend since an hour ago. (Dia telah menunggu
pacarnya sejak sejam yang lalu).
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif kalimat dalam Present Perfect Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan not
setelah auxilary has/have, seperti yang terlihat dalam formula berikut,
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Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Present Perfect Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
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Contoh:
1. John has not traveled around the world yet. Atau, John has yet to travel around
the world.
2. She has not read the entire book yet. Atau, She has yet to read the entire book.
3. I have not eaten yet. Atau, I have yet to eat.
4. Someone has not stolen my book yet. Atau, Someone has yet to steal my book
5. They havent gone yet. Atau, They have yet to go.
6. I have not seen the Titanic three times yet. Atau, I have yet to see the Titanic
three times.
7. She hasnt fallen in love ten times yet. Atau, She has yet to fall in love ten times.
8. They havent passed the exam twice yet. Atau, They have yet to pass the exam
twice.
9. My car hasnt broken down five times yet. Atau, My car has yet to break down
five times.
10. Our dean hasnt punished that very rebellious student three times yet. Atau, Our
dean has yet to punish that very rebellious student three times.
Dalam kalimat tanya, yet umumnya ditempatkan diakhir kalimat.
Contoh:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Kesimpulan
Dari penjelasan di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa present perfect tense pada prinsipnya
digunakan untuk:
1. Untuk menekankan SUDAH/ BELUM. Kamu sudah makan belum? (Have you
eaten yet?)
2. Untuk menekankan SUDAH BERAPA KALI. Sudah berapa kali kamu makan
hari ini? (How many times have you eaten today?).
3. Untuk menekankan DURASI kejadian/aktivitas. Sudah berapa lama kamu belum
makan? (For how long havent you eaten yet?
Sekarang, apa bedanya dengan simple past tense? Untuk jawabannya, silakan baca:
Simple past tense vs Present perfect tense.
Walaupun polanya sedikit berbeda, kalimat dalam pola present perfect continuous
tense maknanya sama dengan kalimat dalam pola Present Perfect Tense kategori
yang ketiga.
Contoh:
Pada Present Perfect Tense kategori ketiga diberikan contoh kalimat sebagai berikut:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Kelima contoh kalimat di atas dapat dinyatakan dalam Present Perfect Continuous Tense,
menjadi:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Negative Form
Bentuk negatif kalimat dalam Present Perfect Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan not
setelah auxilary has/have, seperti yang terlihat dalam formula berikut,
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Present Perfect Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
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b. Adverb yet digunakan pada negative form (kalimat negative) dan interogative form
(kalimat tanya), yang biasanya ditempatkan di akhir kalimat, seperti pada formula berikut
ini:
I have not been living in this house for nine years yet.
We have not been studying English for a month yet.
He has not been marrying her for nineteen years yet.
Mr. Johnson has not been working in the same place for twenty-nine years yet.
She has not been waiting for her boyfriend for an hour yet.
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1. I had lived in that house for nine years before I moved to where I live now. (Saya
telah tinggal di rumah itu selama 9 tahun sebelum saya pindah ke rumah yang
saya tinggali sekarang).
2. We had studied English just for a month before we decided to take a TOEFL
test. (Kita telah belajar bahasa Inggris hanya selama 1 bulan sebelum kita
memutuskan untuk ikut test TOEFL).
3. He had married her for 19 years when they finally had a baby last month. (Dia
telah mengawininya selama 19 tahun ketika mereka akhirnya punya anak bulan
lalu).
4. Mr. Johnson had worked for twenty-nine years before he got fired last week.
(Pak Johnson telah bekerja selama 29 tahun sebelum dia dipecat minggu lalu).
5. She had waited for her boyfriend for an hour when he called that he couldnt go
out last night. (Dia telah menunggu pacarnya selama satu jam ketika dia nelpon
bahwa dia tidak dapat pergi tadi malam).
Note: Dari ketiga penggunaan di atas, dapat kita lihat bahwa penggunaan past perfect
tense mirip dengan Present perfect tense. Yang membedakan adalah waktu yang dijadikan
titik berakhirnya kejadian/aktivitas. Pada present perfect tense, titik akhir
kejadian/aktivitas adalah now, sedangkan pada past perfect tense titik akhirnya adalah
past time.
Seperti terlihat pada contoh di atas, modifier of time (keterangan waktu) untuk past
perfect tense adalah adverbial clause yang diawali oleh before, after, dan when.
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2. Before General Sudirman died, he had fought for this country. (Sebelum Jenderal
Sudirman wafat, dia telah berjuang untuk negeri ini).
3. After I had finished having supper, I went to PKM to play badminton last night.
(Setelah saya selesai makan malam, saya pergi ke PKM untuk bermain badminton
tadi malam).
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Negative Form
Bentuk negatif dari kalimat dalam Past Perfect Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan not
setelah auxiliary had, seperti yang terlihat dalam pola berikut:
Subject + had + not + verb3 + object + modifier
Contoh:
1. He had not bought a rose before he went to his girlfriends house. (Dia belum
membeli sekuntum mawar sebelum dia pergi ke rumah pacarnya).
2. They had not studied long enough when they decided to take a TOEFL test last
week. (Mereka belum belajar cukup lama ketika mereka memutuskan untuk ikut
test TOEFL minggu lalu).
3. She hadnt read the entire book yet when she wrote the exam. (Dia belum
membaca buku itu secara keseluruhan ketika dia ujian).
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Past Perfect Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
Had + subject + verb3 + object + modifier
Contoh:
1. Had he bought a rose before he went to his girlfriends house? (Apakah dia sudah
membeli sekuntum mawar sebelum dia pergi ke rumah pacarnya?).
2. Had they studied long enough when they decided to take a TOEFL test last
week? (Apakah mereka sudah belajar cukup lama ketika mereka memutuskan
untuk ikut test TOEFL minggu lalu?).
3. Had she read the entire book yet when she wrote the exam? (Apakah dia sudah
membaca buku itu secara keseluruhan ketika dia ujian?).
Note: Penggunaan already dan yet pada tensis ini sama dengan pada present perfect
tense.
Modifier of time
Modifier of time (keterangan waktu) untuk past perfect tense antara lain:
before + simple past tense. Misalnya: before he went to his girlfriends house,
before General Sudirman died, before we measured it, dst.
when + simple past tense. Misalnya: when she wrote the exam, when they decided
to take a TOEFL test last week,when they finally had a baby last month, dst.
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for + phrase + before+ simple past tense. Misalnya: for three hours before he
came, for two years before they got married, for six and a half years before I went
home, dst.
I had lived in that house for nine years before I moved to where I live now.
We had studied English just for a month before we decided to take a TOEFL test.
He had married her for 19 years when they finally had a baby last month.
Mr. Johnson had worked for twenty-nine years before he got fired last week.
She had waited for her boyfriend for an hour when he called that he couldnt go
out last night.
Dalam Past Perfect Continuous Tense, kelima contoh kalimat di atas berubah menjadi:
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1. I had been living in that house for nine years before I moved to where I live now.
(Saya telah tinggal di rumah itu selama 9 tahun sebelum saya pindah ke rumah
yang saya tinggali sekarang)
2. We had been studying English just for a month before we decided to take a
TOEFL test. (Kita telah belajar bahasa Inggris hanya selama 1 bulan sebelum kita
memutuskan untuk ikut test TOEFL).
3. He had been marrying her for 19 years when they finally had a baby last month.
(Dia telah mengawininya selama 19 tahun ketika mereka akhirnya punya anak
bulan lalu).
4. Mr. Johnson had been working for twenty-nine years before he got fired last
week. (Pak Johnson telah bekerja selama 29 tahun sebelum dia dipecat minggu
lalu).
5. She had been waiting for her boyfriend for an hour when he called that he
couldnt go out last night. (Dia telah menunggu pacarnya selama satu jam ketika
dia nelpon bahwa dia tidak dapat pergi tadi malam).
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif Past Perfect Continuous Tense mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + had + not + been + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Contoh:
1. I had not been living in that house for nine years before I moved to where I live
now. (Saya belum tinggal di rumah itu selama 9 tahun sebelum saya pindah ke
rumah yang saya tinggali sekarang).
2. We had not been studying English just for a month before we decided to take a
TOEFL test. (Kita belum belajar bahasa Inggris hanya selama 1 bulan sebelum
kita memutuskan untuk ikut test TOEFL).
3. He had not been marrying her for nineteen years when they finally had a baby last
month. (Dia belum mengawininya selama 19 tahun ketika mereka akhirnya punya
anak bulan lalu).
4. Mr. Johnson had not been working for twenty-nine years before he got fired last
week. (Pak Johnson belum bekerja selama 29 tahun sebelum dia dipecat minggu
lalu).
5. She had not been waiting for her boyfriend for an hour when he called that he
couldnt go out last night. (Dia belum menunggu pacarnya selama satu jam ketika
dia nelpon bahwa dia tidak dapat pergi tadi malam).
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Past Perfect Continuous Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
Had + subject + been + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier
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Contoh:
1. Had I been living in that house for nine years before I moved to where I live now?
2. Had we been studying English just for a month before we decided to take a
TOEFL test?
3. Had he been marrying her for 19 years when they finally had a baby last month?
4. Had Mr. Johnson been working for twenty-nine years before he got fired last
week?
5. Had she been waiting for her boyfriend for an hour when he called that he
couldnt go out last night?
Note: Penggunaan already, dan yet pada tensis ini sama dengan pada present perfect
tense.
Modifier of time
Modifier of time (keterangan waktu) untuk past perfect continuous tense antara lain:
for + phrase + before+ simple past tense. Misalnya: for three hours before he
came, for two years before they got married, for six and a half years before I went
home, dst.
for + phrase + when + simple past tense. Misalnya: for three hours when he came,
for two years when they got married, for six and a half years when I went home,
dst.
In American English, auxiliary shall (i.e. sepupunya will) sudah sangat jarang
digunakan.Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini tidak membahas penggunaan shall.
Pola yang ketiga ini sama dengan Present continuous tense. Penggunaannya
khusus untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang direncanakan akan dilakukan. (Lihat
penggunaan simple future tense yang kedua).
Contoh:
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1. Farmers in Jati Bali will grow rice crops next month. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali
akan bercocok tanam padi bulan depan).
2. Some students are going to conduct research on vegetative plant propagations
next semester. (Beberapa siswa akan melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan
tanaman vegetatif semester depan).
3. Transpiration will start to increase tomorrow morning. (Transpirasi akan mulai
meningkat besok pagi).
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Kelima contoh kalimat di atas juga dapat dinyatakan dengan pola yang ketiga menjadi:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Why dont you ask John? He will happily help you do your homework.
She will voluntarily teach us how to write in English well.
Lets go to the canteen. I will treat you. (Saya akan traktir kamu).
You look thirsty. I will get a glass of water for you.
I will open the door for you.
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5. Untuk membuat request dan command lebih formal atau lebih sopan.
Contoh:
1. Will you take care of my plants while I am gone, please! (Tolong rawat tanamantanaman saya selama saya pergi!).
2. Will you return my book tomorrow, please! I need to study it for the exam.
(Tolong kembalikan buku saya besok. Saya perlu mempelajari untuk
(mempersiapkan diri) ujian).
3. Will you give me some sugar, please! (Tolong beri saya sedikit gula).
4. Will you pick up the phone, please! (Tolong angkat telponnya).
5. Will you go out with me tonight, please! (Pergilah kencan dengan saya malam
ini).
Note: Simple present tense juga dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan future time, khusus
untuk kejadian/aktivitas yang sudah terjadwal. Hanya ada beberapa verbs yang bisa
digunakan di sini, antara lain:
open
close
begin
end
start
finish
arrive
leave
come
return
Contoh:
1. I have to transfer money now but its already 2 oclock. Dont worry. You still
have time. The bank closes at 4 oclock.
2. Classes begin next week.
3. The train arrives at 11 p.m. tonight.
4. The first flight leaves at 6 a.m. tomorrow.
5. The ceremony starts at 11. Its about in half an hour. (Upacaranya mulai jam 11.
Kurang lebih setengah jam lagi).
39
dinyatakan dalam future tense. INCORRECT jika when she will arrive; if the
rain will fall tomorrow.
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif Simple Future Tense adalah dengan menambahkan not setelah will atau
setelah be. Perhatikan pola berikut:
Subject + will + not + verb1+ object + modifier
Subject + [(is/am/are/) + not + going to] + verb1+ object + modifier
Subject + (is/am/are/) + not + (verb1+ing )+ object + modifier
Contoh:
1. Farmers in Jati Bali will not grow rice crops next month (Petani-petani di Jati Bali
tidak akan bercocok tanam padi bulan depan).
2. Some students are not going to conduct research on vegetative plant propagations
next semester (Beberapa siswa tidak akan melakukan penelitian pada
perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif semester depan).
3. Transpiration will not start to increase tonight. (Transpirasi tidak akan mulai
meningkat malam ini).
4. According to the weather forecast, it will not rain tomorrow.
5. He will not be very happy when he finds out.
6. I think Jeny, Ronnys girlfriend, will not come.
7. I will not probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch
8. Ronny is not going to come to my house at 7 oclock tonight
9. He is not going to meet his business partner at noon.
10. I am not going to go to the shopping mall.
11. He is not going to leave for Bali tomorrow morning. etc.
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Simple Future Tense adalah dengan menempatkan will atau be
di awal kalimat (sebelum subject):
Will + subject + verb1+ object + modifier?
(Is/Am/Are/) + subject + [going to] + verb1+ object + modifier?
(Is/Am/Are/) + subject + (verb1+ing )+ object + modifier?
Contoh:
1. Will farmers in Jati Bali grow rice crops next month? (Apakah petani-petani di
Jati Bali akan bercocok tanam padi bulan depan?).
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40
Formula untuk Future Continuous tense atau Future Progressive Tense adalah:
Subject + will + be +( verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Subject + [(is/am/are/) going to] + be + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Contoh:
1. Farmers in Jati Bali will be growing rice crops at 9 a.m. tomorrow. (Petani-petani
di Jati Bali akan sedang menanam padi jam 9 pagi besok).
2. Some students are going to be conducting research on vegetative plant
propagations when I go to the agronomy laboratory next week. (Beberapa siswa
akan sedang melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif ketika
saya pergi ke lab. agronmy dua hari depan).
3. Transpiration will be starting to increase at 8 a.m. tomorrow. (Transpirasi akan
sedang mulai meningkat jam 8 besok pagi).
41
yang sedang berlangsung in the future. Pembicara tahu bahwa suatu kejadian/aktivitas
akan sedang berlangsung karena kejadian/aktivitas tersebut telah direncanakan (bukan
karena prediksi) atau karena merupakan regular happening/habitual action.
Untuk lebih memahami perbedaan antara kedua tensis ini, tulisan ini dibuat dengan
menggunakan konsep dan contoh-contoh pada past continuous tense. Dan tentu saja,
keterangan waktunya telah digeser dari past time menjadi future time.
Future Continuous Tense digunakan
1. Untuk menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas yang akan sedang terjadi pada waktu yang
spesifik di masa depan. Spesifikasi waktu biasanya dinyatakan dengan jam (i.e. jam
berapa kejadian itu berlangsung).
Contoh:
1. My daughter will be watching TV at eight oclock tonight. (Putri saya akan
sedang nonton TV jam 8 malam ini).
2. She will be copying the materials at 10 oclock this morning. (Dia akan sedang
memfotokopi materi jam 10 pagi ini). Asumsi, sekarang belum jam 10 pagi.
3. I will be discussing English with my classmates at 2 p.m. next Friday. (Saya akan
sedang mendiskusikan bahasa Inggris dengan teman-teman kelas saya jam 2 sore
Jumat depan).
4. I will be being busy at 8 oclock tomorrow morning. (Saya akan sedang sibuk
jam 8 pagi besok).
5. They will be being very happy at 9 oclock next Saturday night. (Mereka akan
sedang sangat bahagia jam 9 malam minggu depan). Asumsi, mereka baru jadian
(pacaran).
6. This time next year, she will be studying Economics at the University of Toronto.
(Bulan ini tahun depan, dia akan sedang belajar/kuliah Ekonomi di Universitas
Toronto).
7. They will be taking an English exam at 10 a.m. tomorrow. (Mereka akan sedang
mengikuti ujian bahasa Inggris jam 10 besok pagi).
8. We will be watching a football game at 11 p.m. tonight (Kami akan sedang
nonton pertandingan sepak bola jam 11 malam ini).
2. Untuk menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas yang sedang terjadi/berlangsung di masa depan,
yang terinterupsi oleh kejadian yang lain. Dalam hal ini, formulanya adalah sebagai
berikut:
When + subject1 + simple present tense, subject2 + future continuous
Subject1 + future continuous + when + subject2 + simple present tense
Note: Kejadian/aktivitas yang menginterupsi dinyatakan dalam simple present tense dan
berfungsi sebagai keterangan waktu; Sisipkan tanda koma, jika letaknya mendahului
future continuous. Koma tidak diperlukan jika ditempatkan setelah future continuous.
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Contoh:
1. When I arrive home, my daughter will be watching TV. (Ketika saya tiba di
rumah, putri saya akan sedang nonton TV). My daughter punya habit nonton TV.
2. When I call him tonight, he will be playing card with his friends. (Ketika saya
telpon dia malam ini, dia sedang main kartu dengan teman-temannya). He punya
habit main kartu sama teman-temannya tiap malam.
3. I will be waiting for you outside the class when you finish your exam. (Saya akan
sedang menunggu di luar kelas ketika kamu selesai ujian).
4. He will still be studying at the library tonight, so he will not see his mother when
she arrives home. (Dia akan masih sedang belajar di perpustakaan malam ini, jadi
dia tidak akan melihat ibunya ketika ibunya tiba di rumah).
5. When I go to her house on Saturday night, she will be being with her boyfriend.
(Jika saya pergi ke rumahnya malam minggu ini, dia akan sedang bersama dengan
pacarnya).
3. Juga digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang terjadi pada saat bersamaan di
masa depan. Dalam hal ini, gunakan formula berikut:
While + subject1 + future continuous, subject2 + future continuous
Subject1 + future continuous + while + subject2 + future continuous
Contoh:
1. While I will be typing another note tonight, my family will be watching TV in
the family room. (Sementara saya sedang mengetik catatan yang lain, keluarga
saya akan sedang nonton TV di ruang keluarga).
2. While the president will be giving his speech, the audience will be listening to
him carefully. (Sementara presiden sedang berpidato, pemirsa/hadirin akan sedang
mendengarkannya dengan seksama).
3. Male students will be playing around while the female ones will be
chitchatting. (Murid laki-laki akan sedang bermain-main sementara murid-murid
wanita akan sedang ngobrol). Kapan mereka belajar ya?
4. My roommate will be snoring loudly while I will be studying. (Teman sekamar
saya sedang mendengkur keras sementara saya sedang belajar).
5. We will be smoking while others will be drinking. (Kami akan sedang merokok
sementara yang lain akan sedang minum).
6. John will be washing dishes while Jane will be making dinner. (John akan
sedang mencuci piring sedangkan Jane akan sedang masak untuk makan malam).
7. Sorry, we cant practice our band in my house tonight. My dad will be having his
colleagues over and my brother will be studying for his final exam. (Maaf, kita
tidak bisa latihan band di rumah saya malam ini. Bapak saya akan sedang
menjamu kolega-koleganya di rumah dan kakak saya akan sedang belajar untuk
ujian akhirnya.
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4. Untuk menyatakan suatu hal atau kejadian yang diyakini/benar-benar akan segera
terjadi.
Contoh:
1. I think the sun will be shining soon. (Saya kira matahari akan segera sedang
bersinar).
2. Oh no! The clouds are very dark and thick. It will be raining soon. (Oh tidak!
Awan sangat gelap dan tebal. Akan segera sedang turun hujan).
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif dari kalimat dalam Future Continuous Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan
not setelah auxilliary will, atau setelah is/am/are, seperti yang terlihat dalam formula
berikut:
Subject + will + not + be + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Subject + [(is/am/are/) + not + going to] + be +(verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Note: Will not dapat dikontraksi menjadi wont.
Contoh:
1. My daughter will not be watching TV at eight oclock tonight. (Putri saya tidak
akan sedang nonton TV jam 8 malam ini).
2. She will not be copying the materials at 10 oclock this morning. (Dia tidak akan
sedang memfotokopi materi jam 10 pagi ini).
3. I will not be discussing English with my classmates at 2 p.m. next Friday. (Saya
tidak akan sedang mendiskusikan bahasa Inggris dengan teman-teman kelas saya
jam 2 sore Jumat depan).
4. I will not be being busy at 8 oclock tomorrow morning. (Saya tidak akan sedang
sibuk jam 8 pagi besok).
5. They will not be being very happy at 9 oclock next Saturday night. (Mereka
tidak akan sedang sangat bahagia jam 9 malam minggu depan). Mereka baru saja
bubaran.
6. This time next year, she wont be studying Economics at the University of
Toronto. (Bulan ini tahun depan, dia tidak akan sedang belajar/kuliah Ekonomi di
Universitas Toronto).
7. They wont be taking an English exam at 10 a.m. tomorrow. (Mereka tidak akan
sedang mengikuti ujian bahasa Inggris jam 10 besok pagi).
8. We wont be watching a football game at 11 p.m. tonight (Kami tidak akan
sedang nonton pertandingan sepak bola jam 11 malam ini). Dan seterusnya.
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Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Future Continuous Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
Will + subject + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier?
(Is/Am/Are/) + subject + [going to] + be + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier?
Contoh:
1. Will your daughter be watching TV at eight oclock tonight? (Apakah putri anda
akan sedang nonton TV jam 8 malam ini?).
2. Will she be copying the materials at 10 oclock this morning? (Apakah dia akan
sedang memfotokopi materi jam 10 pagi ini?).
3. Will you be discussing English with my classmates at 2 p.m. next Friday?
(Apakah saya akan sedang mendiskusikan bahasa Inggris dengan teman-teman
kelas saya jam 2 sore Jumat depan?).
4. Will I be being busy at 8 oclock tomorrow morning? Yes, I will. (Apakah saya
akan sedang sibuk jam 8 pagi besok?).
5. Will they be being very happy at 9 oclock next Saturday night? (Apakah mereka
akan sedang sangat bahagia jam 9 malam minggu depan?).
6. Will she be studying Economics at the University of Toronto this time next year?
(Apakah dia akan sedang belajar/kuliah Ekonomi di Universitas Toronto pada
bulan ini tahun depan?).
7. Will they be taking an English exam at 10 a.m. tomorrow? (Apakah mereka akan
sedang mengikuti ujian bahasa Inggris jam 10 besok pagi?).
8. Will we be watching a football game at 11 p.m. tonight? (Apakah kami akan
sedang nonton pertandingan sepak bola jam 11 malam ini?). Dan seterusnya.
Note: Pola yang kedua dari future continuous tense hampir tidak diberikan contoh di sini.
Silakan kamu latihan dengan mengganti semua will dengan (is/am/are) going to.
Contoh:
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Just Bali
46
5. Joni will arrive home around midnight. By the time he gets home, I will have
already fallen asleep.
2. Untuk menyatakan prediksi bahwa kegiatan/aktivitas akan sudah terjadi/ sudah
selesai dilakukan sebelum kejadian/aktivitas yang lain di masa mendatang. Note:
Dalam kategori ini, kedua aktivitas dilakukan oleh subject yang sama.
Contoh:
1.
2.
3.
4.
John will have traveled around the world before he gets married next year.
She will have read the entire book before she goes to campus this afternoon.
I will have eaten before I go to play badminton tonight.
He will have bought a gift before he goes to his girlfriends birthday party
tonight.
5. He had already got married 5 times before he got married again last week. And,
he is still 25 years old. If he keeps getting married, he will have had more than 50
wives before he dies.
3. Untuk menyatakan bahwa kejadian/aktivitas akan terus terjadi/dilakukan
sampai batas waktu tertentu di masa mendatang.
1. I arrived at school at 7 a.m. When my dad picks me up at 1 p.m., I will have been
at school for 6 hours. (Pada saat papa menjemput satu jam 1 sore, saya akan sudah
berada di sekolah selama 6 jam).
2. Its May 20 now. I have lived in this house for nine years or so. On August 17, I
will have lived in this house for 10 years sharp. (Saya sudah tinggal di rumah ini
selama 9 tahun lebih. Tanggal 17 Agustus, saya akan sudah tinggal di rumah ini
tepat selama 10 tahun)
3. Its 9 p.m. I am going to bed now and get up at 5 a.m. When I get up, I will have
slept for 8 hours.
4. When Mr. Dodi retires next month, he will have worked for this company for
forty-five years. (Pada saat Pak Dodi pensiun bulan depan, dia akan sudah bekerja
pada perusahaan ini selama 45 tahun).
5. Its 7 p.m now. She has been waiting for her boyfriend since an hour ago. He just
called her that he will arrive at 8 p.m. When he arrives, she will have waited for
2 hours.
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif kalimat Future Perfect Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan not setelah
auxilary will, seperti terlihat pada pola berikut:
Subject + will + not + have + verb3 + object + modifier
Contoh:
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47
1. Because the book is very thick, I will not have finished reading this book by 3
oclock this afternoon. (Karena bukunya sangat tebal, saya akan belum selesai
membaca buku ini sebelum jam 3 sore ini).
2. I think Barcelona will not have scored three goals when the first haft is over. Its
opponent is a good team too. (Saya kira Barcelona akan belum cetak 3 goal ketika
babak pertama berakhir. Lawannya tangguh juga).
3. We still have a lot of time. By the time we get to the air port, dads plane will not
have arrived yet. (Kita masih punya banyak waktu. Ketika kita tiba di airport,
pesawat (yang ditumpangi) papa akan belum tiba).
4. Due to an immigration documentation problem, my dad will not have been home
when my mom gives birth next month. (Karena ada masalah dokumen
keimigrasian, papa saya akan belum di rumah ketika mama melahirkan).
5. When Joni arrives home around midnight, I will not have fallen asleep yet.
6. John will not have traveled around the world yet when he gets married next
year. Soalnya, dia belum sempat kunjungi South Africaand south America.
7. Because its not enough time, she will not have read the entire book yet before
she goes to campus this afternoon.
8. I will not have eaten yet when I go to play badminton tonight.
9. He will not have bought a gift when he goes to his girlfriends birthday party
tonight.
10. Although he has already got married 6 times and still young, he will not have had
more than 50 wives yet before he dies.
11. When my dad picks me up at 1 p.m., I will not have been at school for 10 hours
yet.
12. I have lived in this house for nine years or so. In the next July, I will not have
lived in this house for 10 years yet. (Belum cukup 10 tahun Juli depan.
13. Its 9 p.m. I am going to bed now and get up at 5 a.m. When I get up, I will not
have slept for 10 hours yet.
14. When Mr. Dodi retires next month, he will not have worked for this company for
fifty years yet.
15. Its 7 p.m. now. She has been waiting for her boyfriend since an hour ago. He
just called her that he will arrive at 8 p.m. When he arrives, she will not have
waited for 3 hours yet.
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Future Perfect Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
Will + subject + have + verb3+ object + modifier?
Contoh:
1. Will you have finished reading this book by 3 oclock this afternoon? (Apakah
kamu akan sudah selesai baca buku ini sebelum jam 3 sore ini?).
2. Will Barcelona have scored three goals when the first haft is over?
3. Will dads plane have arrived yet by the time we get to the air port?
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4. Due to an immigration documentation problem, will your dad have been home
when your mom gives birth next month?
5. When Joni arrives home around midnight, will you have fallen asleep yet?
6. Will John have traveled around the world yet when he gets married next year?
7. Because its not enough time, will she have read the entire book yet before she
goes to campus this afternoon?
8. Will you have eaten yet before you go to play badminton tonight?
9. Will he have bought a gift before he goes to his girlfriends birthday party
tonight?
10. Will he have had more than 50 wives before he dies?
11. When your dad picks you up at 1 p.m., will you have been at school for 10 hours?
12. Will you have lived in this house for 10 years yet next July?
13. When I get up, will I have slept for 10 hours yet?
14. When Mr. Dodi retires next month, will he have worked for this company for
fifty years yet?
15. Will she have waited for 3 hours yet when he arrives?
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1. I arrived at school at 7 a.m. When my dad picks me up at 1 p.m., I will have been
at school for 6 hours.
2. I have lived in this house for nine years or so. On August 17, I will have lived in
this house for 10 years sharp.
3. Its 9 p.m. I am going to bed now and get up at 5 a.m. When I get up, I will have
slept for 8 hours.
4. When Mr. Dodi retires next month, he will have worked for this company fortyfive years.
5. Its 7 p.m. now. She has been waiting for her boyfriend since an hour ago. He just
called her that he will arrive at 8 p.m. When he arrives, she will have waited for 2
hours.
Dalam future perfect continuous tense, kelima kalimat ini menjadi:
1. I arrived at school at 7 a.m. When my dad picks me up at 1 p.m., I will have been
being at school for 6 hours.
2. I have lived in this house for nine years or so. On August 17, I will have been
living in this house for 10 years sharp.
3. Its 9 p.m. I am going to bed now and get up at 5 a.m. When I get up, I will have
been sleeping for 8 hours.
4. When Mr. Dodi retires next month, he will have been working for this company
forty-five years.
5. Its 7 p.m. now. She has been waiting for her boyfriend since an hour ago. He just
called her that he will arrive at 8 p.m. When he arrives, she will have been
waiting for 2 hours.
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif kalimat Future Perfect Continuous Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan
not setelah auxilary will, seperti terlihat pada pola berikut,
Subject + will + not + have + been + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Contoh:
1. When my dad picks me up at 1 p.m., I will not have been being at school for 10
hours yet.
2. I have lived in this house for nine years or so. In the next July, I will not have
been living in this house for 10 years yet. (belum cukup 10 tahun Juli depan)
3. Its 9 p.m. I am going to bed now and get up at 5 a.m. When I get up, I will not
have been sleeping for 10 hours yet.
4. When Mr. Dodi retires next month, he will not have been working for this
company for fifty years yet.
5. Its 7 p.m. now. She has been waiting for her boyfriend since an hour ago. He just
called her that he will arrive at 8 p.m. When he arrives, she will not have been
waiting for 3 hours yet.
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Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Future Perfect Continuous Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
Will + subject + have + been + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier?
Contoh:
1. When your dad picks you up at 1 p.m., will you have been being at school for 10
hours?
2. Will you have been living in this house for 10 years yet next July?
3. When I get up, will I have been sleeping for 10 hours yet?
4. When Mr. Dodi retires next month, will he have been working for this company
for fifty years yet?
5. Will she have been waiting for 3 hours yet when he arrives?
Note:
Walaupun polanya berbeda, makna kalimat sama dengan future perfect tense
kategori yang ketiga.
Jika modifier of time berupa clause, time clause ini dinyatakan dalam simple
present tense.
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Kemudian, karena waktu terus bergulir, anggap sekarang sudah tanggal 4 Mei. Berarti,
yang diprediksi tadi (i.e. hujan akan turun) sudah dalam past time, yaitu kemarin. Jadi
prediksi tadi harus dinyatakan dalam past future tense menjadi:
1. According to the weather forecast, it would rain yesterday. Atau, According to
the weather forecast, it was going to rain yesterday. Dan begitu juga dengan
kalimat-kalimat 2-5 di atasseiring dengan bergulirnya waktu berturut-turut akan
menjadi:
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yang
direncanakan
akan
Dengan menggunakan analogi pada kategori 1, kalimat dalam simple future tense berikut:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
seiring dengan berulirnya waktu akan dinyatakan dalam past future tense menjadi:
1. Ronny was going to come to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago but he couldnt
come because of the pouring rain. Atau, Ronny would come to my house at 7
p.m. two days ago but he couldnt come because of the pouring rain.
2. He was going to meet his business partner at noon two days ago but he suddenly
got sick just half an hour before the meeting. Atau, He would meet his business
partner at noon two days ago but he suddenly got sick just half an hour before the
meeting.
3. I was going to go to the shopping mall when I asked whether you wanted to go
with me two days ago. Atau, I would go to the shopping mall when I asked
whether you wanted to go with me two days ago.
4. The next world cup championship is going to be held in South Africa in 2010.
Kalimat ini tidak berubah karena aktivitas dari yang direncanakan masih akan
dilakukan tahun depan.
5. He was going to leave for Bali yesterday morning but the flight was cancelled.
Atau, He would leave for Bali yesterday morning but the flight was cancelled.
Note: a). Dalam past future tense, pola yang pertama juga bisa digunakan untuk
menyatakan rencana. b). Jika yang direncanakan itu terjadi/dilakukan, maknanya sudah
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berubah menjadi kejadian/aktivitas yang terjadi in the past (past tense) atau sedang
berlangsung in the past (past continuous tense), tergantung keterangan waktunya.
1. Ronny was being at my house at 7 p.m. two days ago. (Ronny sedang di rumah
saya jam 7 malam 2 hari lalu).
2. He was meeting his business partner at noon two days ago. (Dia sedang meeting
dengan rekan bisnisnya jam 12 siang dua hari lalu).
3. I went to the shopping mall two days ago. (Saya pergi ke shopping mall 2 hari
lalu).
4. He left for Bali yesterday morning. (Dia berangkat ke Bali kemarin pagi).
3. Untuk membuat main clause unreal conditionals tipe 1, yaitu conditional yang faktanya
dalam simple present tense atau simple future tense.
1. If I were you, I would study harder. (Jika saya adalah kamu, saya akan belajar
lebih giat).
2. The crops would not fail to produce if the rain fell. (Tanaman-tanaman tidak akan
gagal berproduksi jika hujan turun).
3. They would not need to lime the soil if it were not acidic. (Mereka tidak akan
perlu mengapur tanah jika tanah tersebut tidak masam).
4. Untuk membuat kalimat tak langsung (indirect speech), jika kalimat langsungnya
menggunakan simple future tense.
Contoh:
1. My boyfriend told me that he would marry me. (Pacar saya berkata kepada saya
bahwa dia akan mengawini saya).
2. An agronomist said that the soil would be more productive if we fertilized it.
(Seorang ahli agronomi bilang bahwa tanah akan lebih produktif jika kita
memupuknya).
3. Dean made an announcement that the final exams would be started in two weeks.
(Dekan mengumumkan bahwa ujian-ujian akhir akan dimulai dua minggu
mendatang).
5. Untuk membuat request atau command menjadi lebih formal atau lebih sopan. Note:
would lebih formal/sopan dibandingkan will.
Contoh:
1. Would you turn down the TV volume, please! Its too loud. (Tolong kecilkan
volume TV. Volumenya terlalu keras).
2. I didnt go to school yesterday, so would you please lend me your note? (Saya
tidak sekolah kemarin. Tolong pinjami saya catatan kamu?).
3. If youre free, would you go to see a movie with me tonight? (Jika kamu tidak
sibuk, maukah kamu nonton film dengan saya malam ini?).
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Negative Form
Bentuk negatif Past Future Tense adalah dengan menambahkan not seelah would atau
setelah be (was/were) seperti terlihat pada pola berikut:
Subject + would + not + verb1+ object + modifier
Subject + [(was/were) + not + going to] + verb1+ object + modifier
Contoh:
1. According to the weather forecast, it would not rain yesterday.
2. We thought that he wouldnt be very happy when we didnt do the homework.
3. Ronny came to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago. I thought Jeny, Ronnys
girlfriend, wouldnt come but she did.
4. I wouldnt probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch.
5. Ronny wasnt going to come to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago.
6. He wasnt going to meet his business partner at noon two days ago.
7. I wasnt going to go to the shopping when I met you two days ago.
8. He wasnt going to leave for Bali yesterday morning
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Past Future Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
Would + subject + verb1+ object + modifier?
(Was/Were) + subject + going to + verb1+ object + modifier?
Contoh:
1. According to the weather forecast, would it rain yesterday? atau According to the
weather forecast, was it going to rain yesterday?.
2. Would Jeny, Ronnys girlfriend, come too?
3. Would you probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch two days ago?
4. Was Ronny not going to come to your house at 7 p.m. two days ago?
5. Was he going to meet his business partner at noon two days ago?
6. Were you going to go to the shopping when you asked whether I wanted to go
with you two days ago?
7. Was he going to leave for Bali yesterday morning?
Pola untuk Past Future Continuous atau Past Future Progressive Tense adalah:
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4. I would be being busy at 8 oclock yesterday morning. (Saya akan sedang sibuk
jam 8 pagi kemarin).
5. They would be being very happy at 9 oclock last Saturday night. (Mereka akan
sedang sangat bahagia jam 9 malam minggu lalu).
6. This time last year, she would be studying Economics at the University of
Toronto. (Bulan ini tahun lalu, dia akan sedang belajar/kuliah Ekonomi di
Universitas Toronto).
7. They would be taking an English exam at 10 a.m. yesterday. (Mereka akan
sedang mengikuti ujian bahasa Inggris jam 10 pagi kemarin).
8. We would be watching a football game at 11 p.m. last night. (Kami akan sedang
nonton pertandingan sepak bola jam 11 tadi malam).
2. Untuk menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas yang yang direncanakan akan sedang
terjadi/berlangsung di masa lampau, yang terinterupsi oleh kejadian yang lain. Dalam hal
ini, formulanya adalah sebagai berikut:
When + subject1 + simple past, subject2 + past future continuous
Subject1 + past future continuous + when + subject2 + simple past
Note: Kejadian/aktivitas yang menginterupsi dinyatakan dalam simple past tense dan
berfungsi sebagai keterangan waktu; Sisipkan tanda koma, jika letaknya sebelum past
future continuous. Namun, koma tidak diperlukan jika ditempatkan setelah past future
continuous.
Contoh:
1. When I arrived home last night, my daughter would be watching TV. (Ketika
saya tiba di rumah tadi malam, putri saya akan sedang nonton TV).
2. When I called him last night, he would be playing card with his friends. (Ketika
saya telpon dia tadi malam, dia sedang main kartu dengan teman-temannya).
3. I would be waiting for you outside the class when you finished your exam. (Saya
akan sedang menunggu di luar kelas ketika kamu selesai ujian).
4. He would still be studying at the library tonight, so he would not see his mother
when she arrived home. (Dia akan masih sedang belajar di perpustakaan malam
ini, jadi dia tidak akan melihat ibunya ketika ibunya tiba di rumah).
5. When I went to her house on last Saturday night, she would be being with her
boyfriend. (Jika saya pergi ke rumahnya malam minggu lalu, dia akan sedang
bersama dengan pacarnya).
3. Untuk menyatakan dua kejadian/aktivitas yang diprediksi atau direncanakan akan
sedang terjadi/dilakukan pada saat bersamaan di masa lampau. Dalam hal ini, gunakan
formula berikut:
While + subject1 + past future continuous, subject2 + past future continuous
Subject1 + future continuous + while + subject2 + future continuous
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Contoh:
1. While I would be typing another note last night, my family would be watching
TV in the family room. (Sementara saya sedang mengetik catatan yang lain tadi
malam, keluarga saya akan sedang nonton TV di ruang keluarga).
2. While the president would be giving his speech last Monday, the audience would
be listening to him carefully. (Sementara presiden sedang berpidato Senin lalu,
pemirsa/hadirin akan sedang mendengarkannya dengan seksama).
3. Male students would be playing around while the female ones would be
chitchatting.
4. My roommate would be snoring loudly while I would be studying. (Teman
sekamar saya sedang mendengkur keras sementara saya sedang belajar).
5. We would be smoking while others would be drinking. (Kami akan sedang
merokok sementara yang lain akan sedang minum).
6. John would be washing dishes while Jane would be making dinner. (John akan
sedang mencuci piring sedangkan Jane akan sedang masak untuk makan malam).
7. My dad would be having his colleagues over while my brother would
be studying for his final exam last Sunday. Bapak saya akan sedang menjamu
kolega-koleganya di rumah sementara kakak saya akan sedang belajar untuk ujian
akhirnya.
4. Untuk menyatakan kembali suatu hal atau kejadian/aktivitas yang diyakini/benarbenar akan segera terjadi di masa lampau.
Contoh:
1. I thought the sun would be shining soon. (Saya kira matahari akan segera sedang
bersinar).
2. Because the clouds were very dark and thick yesterday, we believed it would be
raining soon. (Karena awannya sangat gelap dan tebal, kita yakin huja akan
segera turun).
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif dari kalimat dalam past future continuous tense dibuat dengan
menambahkan not setelah auxilliary would, atau setelah be was/were, seperti yang
terlihat dalam pola berikut:
Subject + would + not + be + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Subject + [(was/were) + not + going to] + be +(verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Note: Would not dapat dikontraksi menjadi wouldnt.
Contoh:
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1. My daughter would not be watching TV at eight oclock last night. (Putri saya
tidak akan sedang nonton TV jam 8 tadi malam).
2. She would not be copying the materials at 10 oclock this morning. (Dia tidak
akan sedang memfotokopi materi jam 10 pagi ini). Asumsi, sekarang sudah lewat
jam 10 pagi.
3. I would not be discussing English with my classmates at 2 p.m. last Friday.
(Saya tidak akan sedang mendiskusikan bahasa Inggris dengan teman-teman kelas
saya jam 2 sore Jumat lalu).
4. I would not be being busy at 8 oclock yesterday morning. (Saya tidak akan
sedang sibuk jam 8 pagi kemarin).
5. They would not be being very happy at 9 oclock last Saturday night. (Mereka
tidak akan sedang sangat bahagia jam 9 malam minggu lalu). Mereka baru saja
bubaran sehari sebelumnya.
6. This time last year, she wouldnt be studying Economics at the University of
Toronto. (Bulan ini tahun lalu, dia tidak akan sedang belajar/kuliah Ekonomi di
Universitas Toronto).
7. They wouldnt be taking an English exam at 10 a.m. yesterday. (Mereka tidak
akan sedang mengikuti ujian bahasa Inggris jam 10 pagi kemarin).
8. We wouldnt be watching a football game at 11 p.m. last night (Kami tidak akan
sedang nonton pertandingan sepak bola jam 11 tadi malam). Dan seterusnya.
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Future Continuous Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
Would + subject + be + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier?
(Was/Were) + subject + [going to] + be + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier?
Contoh:
1. Would your daughter be watching TV at eight oclock last night? (Apakah putri
anda akan sedang nonton TV jam 8 tadi malam?).
2. Would she be copying the materials at 10 oclock this morning? (Apakah dia
akan sedang memfotokopi materi jam 10 pagi ini?). Asumsi, sekarang sudah lewat
jam 10 pagi.
3. Would you be discussing English with your classmates at 2 p.m. last Friday?
(Apakah kamu akan sedang mendiskusikan bahasa Inggris dengan teman-teman
kelasmu jam 2 sore Jumat lalu?).
4. Would I be being busy at 8 oclock yesterday morning? Yes, I would. (Apakah
saya akan sedang sibuk jam 8 pagi kemarin?).
5. Would they be being very happy at 9 oclock last Saturday night? (Apakah
mereka akan sedang sangat bahagia jam 9 malam minggu lalu?).
6. Would she be studying Economics at the University of Toronto this time last
year? (Apakah dia akan sedang belajar/kuliah Ekonomi di Universitas Toronto
pada bulan ini tahun depan?).
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Sekarang timbul pertanyaan, kenapa tidak dinyatakan dalam past continuous tense saja,
karena kejadian/aktivitas dalam kalimat di atas sama-sama mengandung makna sedang
terjadi atau sedang dilakukan in the past? Silakan leave a comment!
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1. I assumed that John would have traveled around the world before he got married
last year.
2. She thought that she would have read the entire book before she went to campus
yesterday afternoon.
3. I predicted that I would already have had enough time to eat before I played
badminton last night.
4. They thought he would have already bought a gift before he went to his
girlfriends birthday party last night.
5. I once predicted that he would have had more than 50 wives before he died. I
was wrong. He turned out to be a very loving husband long time before he died
last week.
Note: already bisa ditempatkan setelah would atau setelah have.
3. Untuk menyatakan kembali bahwa kejadian/aktivitas akan terus terjadi/dilakukan
sampai batas waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Contoh:
1. I thought I would have been at school only for 6 hours yesterday. In fact, I had to
wait for another hour because my dads car broke down on the way to the school.
2. I was completely sure that on August 17, I would have lived in this house for 10
years sharp.
3. I expected that I would have slept for 8 hours last night but I was awoken by my
neighbors long big fight at 1 a.m. It was very loud and I couldnt fall asleep till
morning.
4. It was predicted that when Mr. Dodi retired last month, he would have worked
for this company for forty-five years.
5. She never expected that she would have waited for her boyfriend for 2 hours last
night.
4. Untuk membuat main clause unreal conditionals tipe 2, yaitu jika faktanya dalam past
future tense atau simple past tense.
Contoh:
1. If you had told me about the todays exam, I would have studied hard last night.
(Jika kamu kasi tahu saya bahwa akan ada ujian hari ini, saya akan telah belajar
keras tadi malam).
2. If you had not passed the English I, you would not have been allowed to take the
English II. (Jika kamu belum lulus bahasa Inggris I, kamu tidak akan diijinkan
untuk mengambil matakulian bahasa Inggris II ini).
3. He wouldnt have got an accident, if he had not driven fast. (Dia tidak akan
telah mengalami kecelakaan, jika dia tidak ngebut).
4. If my parents hadnt got divorced, I wouldve been much happier. (Jika orang tua
saya tidak bercerai, saya akan jauh lebih bahagia).
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5. If I hadnt got a scholarship, I wouldnt have been able to afford the school
expenses. (Jika saya tidak dapat beasiswa, saya tidak akan mampu membayar
biaya-biaya sekolah).
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif Past Future Perfect Tense mengikuti pola berikut:
Subject + would + not + have + verb3 + object + modifier
Contoh:
1. Because of its thickness, I knew that I would not have finished reading it by 3
p.m. yesterday.
2. I never thought that Barcelona wouldnt have scored even a single goal when the
first half was over.
3. We expected that dads plane wouldnt have arrived yet by the time we got to
the air port yesterday. But we were late because the traffic was so terrible.
4. Because of an immigration documentation problem, my dad knew that he
wouldnt have been home when my mom gave birth last month.
5. I hoped that when Joni arrived home last night, I would not have fallen asleep
yet.
6. I assumed that John wouldnt have traveled around the world before he got
married last year.
7. She thought that she wouldnt have read the entire book before she went to
campus yesterday afternoon.
8. I predicted that I wouldnt have had enough time to eat before I played
badminton last night.
9. They thought he wouldnt have bought a gift before he went to his girlfriends
birthday party last night.
10. I once predicted that he wouldnt have had more than 50 wives before he died.
11. I thought I wouldnt have been at school for 7 hours yesterday.
12. I was completely sure that on August 17, I wouldnt have lived in this house for
10 years yet.
13. I expected that I wouldnt have slept for 4 hours last night.
14. It was predicted that when Mr. Dodi retired last month, he wouldnt have
worked for this company for fifty years.
15. She expected that she wouldnt have waited for her boyfriend for 2 hours last
night.
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Past Future Perfect Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
Would + subject + have + verb3 + object + modifier?
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Contoh:
1. If I had told you about the todays exam, would you have studied hard last night?
(Jika saya telah beri tahu kamu bahwa ada ujian hari ini, apakah kamu akan telah
belajar keras tadi malam?)
2. Would you have been allowed to take the English II if you had not passed the
English I?
3. Would he have got an accident if he had not driven fast?
4. If your parents hadnt got divorced, would you have been much happier?
5. If you hadnt got a scholarship, would you have been able to afford the school
expenses?
6. Would you have finished reading this book by 3 p.m. yesterday if it were
thinner?
7. Would Barcelona have scored three goals when the first half was over if its
opponent had been Indonesian team?
8. If the traffic hadnt been terrible, would dads plane have arrived after you got to
the airport?
9. Would he have been home when your mom gave birth last month if he hadnt
had an immigration documentation problem?
10. Would you have fallen asleep by the time Joni got home last night if you had
taken a sleeping pill? Dan seterusnya.
Note: Kalimat tanya dari tensis ini pada umumnya berupa conditional sentence seperti
terlihat pada contoh-contoh di atas. Sekarang, coba bandingkan dengan cara berikut:
1. Did you assume that John would have traveled around the world before he got
married last year?
2. Did you predict that she would have read the entire book before she went to
campus yesterday afternoon?
3. Did I predict that I wouldnt have had enough time to eat before I played
badminton last night?
4. Did they think that he would have bought a gift before he went to his girlfriends
birthday party last night?
5. Did you predict that he would have had more than 50 wives before he died?
Pola atau formula untuk Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
Subject + would + have + been + ( verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Contoh:
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1. Farmers in Jati Bali would have been growing rice crops for 40 years by the end
of last month. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali akan telah bercocok tanam padi selama
40 tahun sebelum akhir bulan lalu).
2. Some students would have been conducting research on vegetative plant
propagations for one year when the semester started last month. (Beberapa siswa
akan telah melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif selama 1
tahun ketika semester dimulai bulan lalu).
3. Transpiration would have been starting to increase for more than an hour when
we measured it at 9 a.m. yesterday. (Transpirasi akan telah mulai meningkat
selama lebih dari 1 jam ketika kita mengukurnya jam 9 pagi kemarin).
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Negative Form
Bentuk negatif Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense adalah dengan menambahkan kata
bantu NOT setelah auxilliary WOULD seperti terlihat pada formula berikut:
Subject + would + not + have + been + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Contoh:
1. I thought I wouldnt have been being at school for 7 hours yesterday.
2. I was completely sure that on August 17, I wouldnt have been living in this
house for 10 years yet.
3. I expected that I wouldnt have been sleeping for 4 hours last night.
4. It was predicted that when Mr. Dodi retired last month, he wouldnt have been
working for this company for fifty years.
5. She expected that she wouldnt have been waiting for her boyfriend for 2 hours
last night.
Note: Seperti dituliskan dalam kelima contoh di atas, would + not dapat dikontraksi
menjadi wouldnt.
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense dibentuk dengan
menempatkan (inversi) auxililiary WOULD di depan subject kalimat:
Would + subject + not + have + been + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier?
Contoh:
1. Would you have been being at school for 7 hours yesterday if your dads car
hadnt broken down on the way to the school?
2. Would you have been living in this house for 10 years on August 17 if the house
rent had been raised by the landlord?.
3. If your neighbor hadnt had a long big fight last night, would you have been
sleeping for 4 hours last night?
4. If Mr. Dodi were still strong, would he have been working for this company for
more than fifty years?
5. Did she expect that she would have been waiting for her boyfriend for 2 hours
last night?
Just Bali
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