Stop
motion
animations
have
four
main
types
of
techniques
which
are
the
following
the
persistence
of
vision,
stop
frame,
frame
rates
and
movement
of
models.
For
starters
each
of
these
types
of
techniques
are
all
done
in
a
different
way,
for
starters
persistence
of
vision
is
the
illusion
of
a
series
of
multiple
discrete
images
are
blended
into
a
single
image
in
the
human
mind
and
it
is
believed
to
be
the
explanation
for
motion
in
animated
films
and
cinemas,
Edward
Muybridge
made
the
first
persistence
of
vision
image
film.
On
the
right
is
how
he
performed
his
method
by
taking
loads
of
photos
so
it
illusionally
makes
it
feel
like
a
video.
One
of
the
other
techniques
that
stop
motion
has
is
stop-frame
is
stop
motion
animation
just
in
a
different
name.
It
basically
states
that
stop
frame
is
where
animation
that
is
captured
one
frame
at
a
time.
So
when
you
play
all
the
images
back
quickly
it
gives
away
the
illusion
of
movement
and
this
is
what
the
film
industry
first
started
from.
Each
frame
is
one
picture.
Another
technique
involved
with
stop
motion
is
frame
rates
which
can
also
be
said
as
frame
frequency,
it
is
the
rate
at
which
the
frames
go
at
such
as
each
second
there
will
be
15
frames
which
is
the
rate
at
which
the
images
are
going
be
swapping
creating
the
illusion
of
movement.
The
last
one
of
the
four
main
techniques
in
stop
motion
animation
is
movement
of
models
where
they
make
models
like
little
metal
stick
figures
such
as
in
Wallace
&
Grommet,
&
Coraline.
When
the
birth
of
movement
of
models
started
it
meant
the
creation
of
a
lot
more
animated
films
using
small
models
and
allowing
them
to
tell
a
story
though
them.
Wallace
&
Grommet
is
a
great
example
since
it
was
and
is
popular
all
around
the
world.
Series
of
episodes
have
been
made
with
this
simple
process
and
technique
of
stop
motion
animation.
All
of
these
techniques
of
stop
motion
animation
had
masterminds
behind
them
who
quite
literally
created
and
structured
all
of
these
techniques.
Starting
from
the
very
beginning
of
the
film
industry
where
it
all
started
from
the
creation
of
a
moving
picture.
Pioneers
were
the
ones
to
create
the
illusion
of
the
moving
picture,
one
of
them
called
Joseph
Plateau
who
created
the
phenakistoscope
which
used
the
persistence
of
vision
technique
to
create
the
illusion
of
motion.
The
phenakistoscope
was
a
device
which
had
pictures
all
the
same
but
not
quite
has
each
image
would
be
a
tad
different
to
the
last,
such
as
a
dogs
legs
moving
forward
further
at
each
picture
and
when
this
device
was
spun
it
gave
the
illusion
as
if
the
dog
was
running.
Another
pioneer
of
the
film
industry
was
William
George
Horner
who
was
the
creator
of
the
zoetrope.
The
zoetrope
was
a
device
which
was
in
the
form
of
a
circular
cake
tin
with
an
eye
slit
on
the
sides
so
you
could
see
the
inside
of
the
tin
where
the
photos
or
drawings
are,
through
the
eye
slit
you
could
only
see
one
drawing
or
photo
at
a
time
and
when
the
layer
with
all
the
drawings
was
spun
around
and
the
photos
on
the
inside
would
move
to
create
the
the
illusion
of
a
moving
picture.
It
had
the
same
conventions
as
the
phenakistoscope
where
each
picture
was
the
same
but
slightly
different.
The
difference
between
the
two
is
that
the
zoetrope
has
an
eye
slit
and
only
one
person
can
see
it
at
once.
An
example
of
a
zoetrope
short
film
would
be
multiple
drawings
of
a
horse
but
each
drawing
would
change
so
the
horses
legs
would
be
in
a
different
position
to
make
it
seem
as
though
the
house
was
running
and
this
was
simply
the
beginning
of
stop
motion
animation.
Third
third
pioneer
of
the
film
industry
was
Charles
Emile
Reynaud;
he
was
the
creator
of
the
praxinoscope
an
animation
device
which
was
the
next
step
up
to
the
zoetrope.
Similar
properties
to
the
zoetrope
having
a
strip
of
picture
placed
the
inner
surface
of
a
spinning
cylinder
and
then
projected
onto
a
larger
screen
for
multiple
viewers
to
watch
not
just
the
singular
viewer
which
was
what
the
zoetrope
and
kinetoscope
allowed.
The
two
Pioneers
which
will
be
looked
are
Thomas
Edison
the
creator
of
the
the
kinetoscope
which
was
a
device
which
allowed
one
person
to
watch
it
at
a
time,
inside
were
motion
pictures,
the
other
pioneer
are
a
two
brothers
called
the
Lumiere
Brothers
they
had
the
exact
same
methods
as
the
kinetoscope
but
the
only
difference
is
they
allowed
it
so
multiple
viewers
can
watch
the
stop
motion
pictures
since
they
discovered
how
to
project
it.
As
the
film
industry
moved
on
past
these
pioneers
it
allowed
more
people
to
come
up
with
ideas
on
how
to
make
these
stop
motion
animation
pictures
better
and
to
improve
them.
The
kinds
of
people
were
called
developers
which
sounds
about
right
because
they
are
only
developing
the
pioneers
methods
and
making
them
better.
These
developers
were
called
Willis
OBrien
and
Ray
Harryhausen,
Willis
and
Ray
were
both
writers
and
producers.
They
have
both
produced
an
amazing
work
during
the
18th
and
19th,
both
of
the
stop
motion
animation
fanatics
have
sadly
passed
away
but
they
will
always
have
been
known
as
the
creators
of
stop
motion.
Willis
OBrien
was
the
creator
of
King
Kong
vs.
Godzilla
and
Ray
Harryhausen
was
the
creator
of
Clash
of
the
Titans,
which
are
two
very
well
known
movies.
The
method
that
both
of
these
animators
used
was
ground
breaking,
it
is
where
they
use
a
cellulose-acetate
screen
for
the
rear
projection
without
this
they
would
not
have
been
able
to
show
their
films.
Even
then
their
films
when
this
method
was
in
place
was
all
stop
motion
animation.
They
used
a
lot
of
special
effects
and
theyre
techniques
to
create
all
of
their
masterpiece
productions.
The
contemporary
which
is
after
developing
and
the
pioneers
of
stop
motion.
It
is
pretty
much
the
next
developed
step
to
filming
in
video.
It
is
essentially
a
modern
method
of
taking
pictures,
and
the
term
is
usually
used
to
refer
to
work
that
is
either
abstract
or
unusual
in
its
subject
matter.
The
two
examples
of
contemporary
work
are
Tim
Burton
and
Aardman
Animations.
Tim
Burton
was
a
self
employed
producer
and
writer
he
was
the
next
step
to
having
clearer
better
image
although
he
was
still
in
the
stop
animation
scene,
but
some
of
the
work
he
produced
was
outstanding
such
as
The
Nightmare
Before
Christmas.
On
the
other
hand,
there
is
Aardman
Animations
which
was
a
company
which
produced
stop
motion
animation
films
and
were
good
at
it
as
well
with
a
wide
audience
range
when
they
were
on
air
back
in
the
very
early
20th
century.
One
of
Aardmans
animations
productions
is
called
Wallace
and
Grommet
which
is
very
famous.
Animations
can
be
formed
in
many
different
ways
such
as
animation
can
be
made
using
puppets,
some
can
be
made
from
action
figures
or
moulded
figures.
Or
it
can
be
a
at
a
real
location
where
real
people
are
being
filmed.
All
of
this
is
done
with
stop
frame
animation,
having
a
picture
at
every
single
frame
to
create
the
illusion
of
movement
in
the
animation.
People
in
the
world
have
created
a
vast
amount
of
different
animation
which
look
appealing
and
work
well,
such
as
traditional
animation,
typography
animation,
clay
animation,
sand
animation,
flip-book
animation,
digital
2D
animation
and
digital
3D
animation.