Characteristics of the Hydraulic Jump Lab

Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology
Department of Civil Engineering

Hydraulics / Irrigation Laboratory
OBJECT:
Characteristics of the Hydraulic Jump.
APPARATUS:
Self-contained glass sided Tilting flume, Adjustable undershot weir,

Instrument carrier, Hook and point gauge,
THEORY:
H/Y1 - (Yb/Ya-1)3 /4Yb/Ya
HYDRAULIC JUMP:
Hydraulic jump is the sudden rise of water level due to the transformation of supercritical
flow to subcritical flow.
OR
A hydraulic jump is a phenomenon in the science of hydraulics which is frequently
observed in open channel flow such as rivers and spillways. When liquid at high velocity
discharges into a zone of lower velocity, a rather abrupt rise occurs in the liquid surface. The
rapidly flowing liquid is abruptly slowed and increases in height, converting some of the flow's
initial kinetic energy into an increase in potential energy, with some energy irreversibly lost
through turbulence to heat. It takes place whenever the depth of flow at any section is less than the
critical depth.
APPLICATIONS OF HYDRAULIC JUMP:

It may be used as a discharge measuring device.
One of the most important engineering applications of the hydraulic jump is to dissipate
energy in channels, dam spillways, and similar structures so that the excess kinetic energy
does not damage these structures. A properly designed hydraulic jump can provide for 6070% energy dissipation of the energy in the basin itself, limiting the damage to structures
and the streambed.
This phenomenon may be used for the mixing of certain chemicals in case of water
treatment plants where eddies are formed that causes the mixing of chemicals.
It enables the efficient operation of flow measuring devices like flume
During hydraulic jump formation, considerable amount of air is entrained into water that
helps in the aeration of flowing water which is polluted by bio-degradable wastes.

PROCEDURE:
Ensure the flume is level and insert the sluice gate with the bottom 20.00 mm. above the bed.
Introduce water and adjust the inlet flow so the Y0 = 230mm. Adjust the tailgate to create a
hydraulic jump in the centre of the working section. Measure and record the values of Y1, Y3, H1,
H3 and Q. repeat this for other values of Y0 and Yg.
Note that in a small jump the eddies disappear and it takes the form of a smooth standing wave (the
undular jump)
RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS
Yg
Y0
Y1
Y3
A1
Calculate V1 and plot gy1 against Y1

Calculate H/Y1 and plot H/Y1 against y3/y1
Calculate yc and verify y1 <yc <y3.
CONCLUSION:
A3
V1
V3
H1
H3
H/Y1

Verify the force of the stream on either side of the jump is the same and that the specific energy
curve predicts a loss equal to H/Yc.. Suggest an application of a hydraulic jump where its loss of
energy would be desirable. Where does this energy go?


Short Questions
Q#1: What have you learned from this experiment?
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Q#2: Describe the different flow situations where a hydraulic jump occurs.
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Q#3: What is the energy loss in hydraulic jump?
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Q#4: What are the different types of hydraulic jump?

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Q#5: Define gradually varied flow and rapidly varied flow. Give examples of each.
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Q#6: What is Froude number?

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Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology

Department of Civil Engineering