Name: ____________________________ Date: _______________

Earth Science

Due Date: ____________

MIDTERM REVIEW by UNIT

Density Review
1. Define mass:
2. Define volume:
3. Define density:
4. What causes an object to sink in water?

Graphing Relationships
5. Define a cyclical relationship:
6. Name some earth science examples of a cyclical relationship:

7. Draw a line graph example for a cyclical relationship:

8. Draw a line graph example for a direct relationship:

9. Name some earth science examples of a direct relationship:

10. Draw a line graph example for an indirect relationship:

11. Name some earth science examples of a indirect relationship:

12. Define dynamic equilibrium:

13. Name an earth science example of a system in dynamic equilibrium:

Period: ________
WBSHS

Astronomy: Earth in the Universe

14. Rotation
a. Define rotation:
b. What is earths rate of rotation?
1.

360 / _________ hours = ______ / hour

c. Name 3 pieces of evidence of Earths rotation:

1. _______________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________
15. Revolution
a. Define revolution:
b. What is earths rate of revolution?
2.

360 / _________ year = ______ / day

c. Name 2 pieces of evidence of Earths rotation:

1. _______________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________
16. Solar System / Universe
a. Name the 4 Terrestrial planets:
b. Name the 4 Jovian planets:
c. Describe the differences between the density and size of the Jovian and Terrestrial
planets:
d. Between which 2 planets is the asteroid belt?
e. Define eccentricity:
i. Between which 2 numbers is each objects eccentricity?
1. Highest= ________ = line
2. Lowest = ________ = perfect circle
f. Describe the shape of earths orbit:
g. If a planet or satellite (moon) is closest to its star, the planet is at
_____________ and the star will appear __________. The orbital
velocity is ______________ and the gravitation attraction is ________________.
When the planet is farthest from its star, the planet is at _________ and the star will

appear __________. The orbital velocity is ______________ and the gravitation

attraction is ________________.
h. Define comet:
i. Describe the shape of a comets orbit:
i.

How many stars are in our Solar System?

j. Define nuclear fusion:

k. About how old is the Universe?
l.

About how old is our Solar System?

m. About how old is the Earth?

n. Define galaxy:
o. Define constellations:
p. Where is our solar system in the galaxy?

q. Place the following in order from biggest to

smallest: Solar Sytem, Universe, Earth, Milky Way Galaxy
_______________ -> _______________ -> ________________ -> _______________
r. Describe the Big Bang Theory:
s. Name 2 proofs of the Big Bang Theory:
1. _________________________________________________________
2.

____________________________________________________

t. Define light year:

u. Define Geocentric Model:
v. Define Heliocentric Model:
w. Sketch a diagram of each model and circle the correct model:

Geocentric

Heliocentric

17. Earths Moon

a. Moon phases are caused by:
b. One Moon revolution = ___________ days
c. One

complete

cycle

of

Moon

phases

takes

___________ days
d. What is the first thing you should locate on a moon
diagram to determine a moon phase?
e. Eclipses- label which type of eclipse each diagram represents (lunar, solar) and which moon
phase is shown.
f. Tides are caused by:

g. Spring & Neap Tides: Label each diagram with

the type of tide shown:
h. How many high tides per day?______
i.

How many low tides per day?_______

j. About how many hours does it take for one

cycle of tides? (high to low back to high) ______

18. Seasons- the Celestial Sphere

a. Know the location of the

Suns path for NYS, the Equator and
the poles for the first day of each
season. Label each diagram with the
date for each Suns path:

b. Complete the chart below:

Seasons Info for NYS at approx. . 42 N latitude

Date

Name of
Date

Latitude of
Suns Direct
Rays

(degrees, compass,
& name)

3/21

Mar.
21

Equator

6/21
June
21

Direction of
Sunrise and
Sunset

Altitude of
Noon Sun
(degrees)

Duration of
Insolation
(hours)

Length of a
shadow at Noon

(compass)

Summer
Solstice

15 -16 hrs
(longest day)

9/23

Rises due East

Sept.
23

Sets due West

12/21

24

Dec. 21

(lowest)

Longest shadow

c. Is the sun ever directly overhead (90 altitude-at the zenith) in NYS?
d. Between which 2 latitudes is the sun always directly overhead?
e. How many degrees is Earth tilted?
f. If Earth was not tilted, how would seasons be affected?
g. If Earth was more tilted (more than 23.5), how would seasons be affected?

h. Define insolation:

i.

As angle of insolation increases, temperature_____________________

j. Solar noon occurs when the sun is ____________________ in the sky.

k. All celestial objects (sun, moon, stars) rise in the __________ and set in the ________.
l.

The Zenith is defined as _________ altitude.

Measuring Planet Earth

19. Altitude of Polaris = _______________________________________________
20. As a person travels North from the Equator, the altitude of Polaris will
___________________
21. As a person travels West, the altitude of Polaris will ___________________
22. As latitude decreases, the altitude of Polaris______________________.
23. If Polaris is located at 90 altitude, where are you?
24. a. What is the latitude of the observer in this diagram?
Polaris
b. What is the latitude of the observer in this diagram?
Polaris

60
30

horizon

25. a. As you travel west, time gets ______________. As

you travel east, time gets _________.
b. If it is 1pm for a person at longitude X, what time is it
for a person located 30 east of the person at X?
26. Person A is located at 44N, 120W. Person B is located at 44N, 150W.
a. How many hours are they apart?
b. Who has an earlier time?
27. a.What is the approximate latitude and longitude of point A?
b.Place Point B at (10N, 15W)
28. On a contour map, how can you tell the steepest side of a hill?

29. What is the highest possible

location on this map (in feet)?
30. Label the map with compass
directions. In which direction is
Fish Creek flowing?

31. What is the contour interval (in

feet) for this map?

32. Calculate the gradient from C to D. Be sure to include the proper units.

33. Draw topographic profiles for line A-B and also for line D-F.

34. Define the following terms:

a. Isoline
b. Isotherm
c. Isobar
d. Contour line

35.

Rocks & Minerals

36. What gives a mineral its properties, such as its crystal shape, luster, hardness and cleavage?

37. What is the difference between cleavage and fracture?

38. What are rocks composed of?
39. True or False: Most rocks have similar minerals in them.
40. Describe how the following mineral tests are done:
a. Luster
b. Streak
c. Hardness
41. What does HCl (hydrochloric acid) do if dropped onto the mineral calcite?
42. In which type of rock would fossils most likely be found?
43. Define organic:
44. Define clastic:
45. Define foliated:
46. Explain the differences in cooling rates for intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks:

Dynamic Crust
47. Define and sketch a drawing for each of the following types of rock formations:
Term

Definition

Sketch

Tilted rock

Folded rock

Faulted rock

Undeformed strata

44a. If marine fossils (e.g., shells) are found on top of a mountain, describe a brief scenario of
how this could have occurred:

44b. If marine fossils of organisms that live in shallow waters are found deep in the ocean crust,
describe how this could have occurred:

45a. True or False: The North and South magnetic poles flip every 200,000 years or so.
45b. Compare the pattern of magnetic polarity
found in rocks on the right side of the MidAtlantic Ridge to rocks found on the left side:

45c. Compare the ages of the rock on each side

of the ridge.

45d. What do magnetic polarity patterns found at divergent boundaries provide evidence of?

45e. Describe how the age of igneous rock changes as you move further away from a ridge:

45f. What is happening to the width of the ocean floor at a ridge?

45g. At what location in the Atlantic Ocean would you find the youngest oceanic rock?

46a. What causes the movement of tectonic plates?

46b. What happens to the temperature of the rocks as you move away from the Mid-Atlantic
Ridge?

46c. What causes convection currents to circulate (move)?

46d. Draw arrows to show the movement of convection currents under the mid-Atlantic Ridge:

47a. Name 3 pieces of evidence that support the Theory of Continental Drift:

47b. Name 2 continents you would study to support the Theory of Continental Drift:

48a. Where do most earthquakes and volcanoes occur?

48b. Where in the USA do earthquakes frequently occur?
48c. Is an earthquake or volcano likely to occur in West Babylon? Why or why not?

49. Complete the chart:

Type of Plate
Boundary
Ocean-ocean divergent
Ocean-ocean convergent
Continental-continental
convergent
Continental-oceanic
convergent
Transform fault

Direction of
Movement

Features that form

Example from ESRT

(Name the boundary, e.g.
East African Rift)

Name the 2 plates

at this boundary in
your example

50. Compare the differences in density, thickness and composition of oceanic and continental crust:

51a. What is the composition of the inner core?

b. What object is also made of this material, and is the evidence we use to infer the
composition of the inner core?
52. Name 3 characteristics of both P-waves and S-waves:
P-waves:
S-waves:
53. What is a shadow zone and what causes it?

54. How do we know about the interior of the Earth if we have never been there?

55. Why do seismic waves change speed and direction as they travel through Earths interior?
56. Describe 2 pieces of data scientists need in order to locate an earthquakes epicenter:

57. What is a tsunami and what causes it?

a. At which type of plate boundary do they usually occur?
b. State one safety measure a person should take if a tsunami warning occurs.