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  • Coulomb's Law Lecture Notes (Jan 3)

    Diunggah oleh

    Kat Tomas
    260 tayangan8 halaman
    This document summarizes key points from a lecture on Coulomb's Law: 1) The lecture will take an inductive approach to studying electromagnetism, starting with experimental results and developing the mathematics, rather than a deductive approach from fundamental equations. 2) Early experiments in electricity that helped develop our understanding included Coulomb's experiments showing charges attract or repel based on their sign, and demonstrations of static electricity like a plastic rod picking up small pieces of paper. 3) Coulomb's Law describes the electrostatic force between two point charges, and depends on the magnitudes of the charges and the inverse square of the distance between them.

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    Coulomb's Law

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    This document summarizes key points from a lecture on Coulomb's Law: 1) The lecture will take an inductive approach to studying electromagnetism, starting with experimental results and developing the mathematics, rather than a deductive approach from fundamental equations. 2) Early experiments in electricity that helped develop our understanding included Coulomb's experiments showing charges attract or repel based on their sign, and demonstrations of static electricity like a plastic rod picking up small pieces of paper. 3) Coulomb's Law describes the electrostatic force between two point charges, and depends on the magnitudes of the charges and the inverse square of the distance between them.

    Hak Cipta:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    260 tayangan8 halaman

    Coulomb's Law Lecture Notes (Jan 3)

    Diunggah oleh

    Kat Tomas
    This document summarizes key points from a lecture on Coulomb's Law: 1) The lecture will take an inductive approach to studying electromagnetism, starting with experimental results and developing the mathematics, rather than a deductive approach from fundamental equations. 2) Early experiments in electricity that helped develop our understanding included Coulomb's experiments showing charges attract or repel based on their sign, and demonstrations of static electricity like a plastic rod picking up small pieces of paper. 3) Coulomb's Law describes the electrostatic force between two point charges, and depends on the magnitudes of the charges and the inverse square of the distance between them.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    1/03/2017

    Coulombs Law

    Coulombs Law

    A. The Basic (Inductive) Approach for the Study of E&M


    Slides

    B. Early Experiments in Electricity


    Demo ES-1

    Pith Balls

    C. Discussion & Derivation (Vector form of Coulombs Law)

    Lecture #1

    1/03/2017

    Coulombs Law

    Lecture #1

    A. The Basic (Inductive) Approach for the Study of E&M


    At the heart of E&M are four fundamental equations, just as Newtons laws of
    motion and the law of universal gravity form the heart of Mechanics. However,
    the four basic equations of E&M were not formulated by Newton. Instead they
    were formulated by James Maxwell in the second half of the 19th century,
    following centuries of experimentation by numerous people that culminated in
    Michael Faradays experiments on induction and the publication of his
    Experimental Researches in Electricity (1839 & 1844).
    In our study of E&M, we could adopt a deductive approach, as we did in Physics
    135-1, where we started with Newtons Laws and derived everything from those
    laws:
    Physics 135-1 (Mechanics)
    Newtons Laws:
    F = ma etc.

    (Deductive Reasoning)

    Behavior of Mechanical Systems:


    Linear Dynamics
    Rotational Dynamics
    etc.

    1/03/2017

    Coulombs Law

    Lecture #1

    However, the deductive approach would not be very fruitful in our study of
    E&M because Maxwells eqs. are not very simple; theyre involved mathematically - and include lots of integrals and vector notation. So if I were
    to write them on the board right now, they would not mean much to you. Youll
    get a much better feel for the physics involved, if we take an inductive
    approach instead, and start with the experimental results and gradually develop
    the mathematics.
    Physics 135-2 (Electricity & Magnetism):

    Maxwells Four Equations

    (Inductive Reasoning - ground up)

    Experimental Results:
    -

    Coulomb - charges attract/repel


    Oersted - currents create magnetic fields
    Ampere - wires attract each other magnetically
    Faraday - time-changing magnetic field induces current

    1/03/2017

    Coulombs Law

    B. Early Experiments in Electricity

    Lecture #1

    1/03/2017

    Coulombs Law

    Lecture #1

    1/03/2017

    Coulombs Law

    Lecture #1

    If, on the other hand, q1 and q2 have opposite signs, so that one is positively
    charged and the other is negatively charged, then they will attract each other.
    This allows us to understand how a negatively charged plastic rod can pick up
    small pieces of paper in a common physics demonstration.
    DEMO

    : A plastic rod attracts and picks up small pieces of paper. The plastic

    rod is first rubbed with fur, a process that deposited electrons on the rod and
    therefore leaves the rod negatively charged. The pieces of paper, however, are
    electrically neutral, which is puzzling, since neutral objects shouldnt experience
    an electrical force.
    Explanation:
    Charged objects attract neutral objects by induction. Molecules within the
    paper become distorted, i.e. develop a dipole moment. The positive charge in
    the molecules is drawn slightly
    closer to the negatively charged
    plastic rod and the negative charge
    in the molecules is pushed slightly
    farther away from the rod. The
    piece of paper remains electrically
    neutral, and the bulk of the paper
    develops no net charge density.
    The only effect is at the edges of
    the paper; the side nearest the
    rod develops a positive surface
    charge and the side farthest from the rod develops a negative surface charge.
    The force of attraction on the near side is larger than the force of repulsion on
    the far side - due to the r-2 dependence of the coulomb force.
    6

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    Coulombs Law

    C. Discussion

    Lecture #1

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    Coulombs Law

    Lecture #1

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