CIPP Corporation

Pipe Wall Thickness Design

ASTM F1216-07b - FULLY DETERIORATED GRAVITY FLOW
Using the Marston Formula and the Boussinesq Formula
Copyright October 3, 2001, PEC Inc., Helena, Montana

PROJECT:

Dead Load (Wc) = (Cd)(W)(Bc)(Bd)

[Marston's formula, trench condition, flexible pipe, Equation 9.5, G.S.S.D.C., p. 171]
1 - e^[(-2)(ku')(H)/(Bd)]
(2)(ku')

Cd = loading coefficient =
H=
Bd =
ku' =
W=
Bc =

Height of soil above crown of pipe (ft.) =

22 feet

Trench width (ft.) =

Negative settlement ratio product =

2.5 feet
0.13

[Ku' = 0.13 ditch condition, 0.19 projection condition]

Soil Density (lb/ft3) =

120 lb/ft3

[W - use 120 to 125 lb/cf if no data available]

Diameter of Pipe (in) =

21 inches

Cd =

3.456

Dead Load (Wc) =

1814.4 lb/ft

Live Load (Ws) = (Cs)(P)(F)/L

[Boussinesq's Formula, integrated by Holl ]

Ws =

Live Load on Conduit (/lf)

Cs =
P=
F=
L=

Live Load Coefficient =

Wheel Load (lb) =
Impact Factor
Effective Length (assume 3')
Live Load (Ws) =

[G.S.S.D.C.]
0.01

[G.S.S.D.C.]

16,000 pounds
1 see table

Highways
Fill Ht.

3
53.3 lb/ft

Total Load (Wtot = Wc+Ws) =

1867.7 lb/ft

Railroads
Fill Ht.

Impact Factor

0' -1'
1' - 2'

1.3
1.2

2' - 3'
over 3'

1.1
1.0

Impact Factor

0' cover
10' cover

1.4
1.0

(Prorate for fill 0' to 10')

External Pressure on Pipe

qa =

External Pressure on Pipe = (Yw)(Hw) + (Rw)(W c)/D + Ws/D

Wc =

Vertical Soil Load

= (Ys)(H)(D)/144 =

Yw =

(G.S.S.D.C. - Gravity Sanitary Sewer Design

32.08 pounds

and Construction - ASCE Manuals and

0.0361 lb/in3

Specific Weight of Water (lb/in3) =

Hw = Height of Water above top of pipe (ft) =

Rw = Water Buoyancy Factor
= 1-(0.33)(Hw/H) =
Ys =

[Hydraulic, Soil, and Live Load Pressures]

11.0

Reports on Engineering Practice No. 60.

feet

WPCF Manual of Practice No. FD-5,

Copyright 1982)

0.84

Soil Density (lb/ft3) =

External Pressure on Pipe (qa) =

120 lb/ft3

(F.P.P. - AWWA Standard for Fiberglass

Pressure Pipe, American National Std.

20.29 lb/in2

ANSI/AWWA C950-88, Copyright 1989)

Thickness Required for Buckling Pressure

qa =

(1/n)*[(32)(Rw)(B')(E')(EI)(C)/D3](1/2)

EI =

Pipe Wall Stiffness Factor

= (EL)(t3)/12

[ ASTM F1216-07b eqn. X1.3, Fully Deteriorated Gravity Pipe Conditions]

[Sets Marston load equal to buckling strength of constrained, flexible
pipe, using modified Timoshenko, factored for ovality, buoyancy, and
elasticity, and assuming noncompressible pipe bedding (v=0.5)]

I=

[(D3)((qa*N))2] / [32*(Rw)(B')(E')(EL)(C)]

t=

(0.721) (D) [(qa*N)2 / (Rw)(B')(E')(EL)(C)](1/3)

N=
O=
C=

Safety Factor =
Oval Deformation =
Ovality Factor

Rw =
B' =
EL =
E' =

[O= (Mean Diameter-Min Diameter)/Mean Diameter]

2.000%

= [(1-O)/(1+O)2]3

0.836

Water Buoyance Factor =

Coefficient of elastic support
= 1/[1+(4)(e^(-.065H))] =
Long-Term Modulus of Elasticity =
Modulus of Soil Reaction (psi) =

0.511

0.84

psi
1,000 psi

[EL - 50% of Short Term Modulus]

E' = 1,000 for soil meeting conditions in table:

125,000

Minimum Wall Thickness (t) =

Recommended Wall Thickness (t) =

0.504 inches
0.53 inches

or
or

12.8 mm
13.5 mm

Soil Class
% Compaction
SC1
Dumped
SC2
85%
SC3
90%
SC4
95%
Note: See ASTM 3839-94a.

Check Proposed Thickness for Allowable Deflection of Flexible Pipe

y=

[(D1)(K)(Wc+Ws)(r3)]/[EI + (0.061)(E')(r3)]

r = (D/2)
y=

SDR=D/t

E I= EL(t3)/12

[Modified Iowa Formula, Equation 9.17, G.S.S.D.C., p. 210]

Wtot=W c+Ws

[D1)(K)(Wtot)]/[E1/(1.5)(SDR3) + (0.061)(E')]

D1 = deflection lag factor =

K=
bedding factor =
Wtot = load on unit x-section of pipe =
EL = Long-Term Modulus of Elasticity =
SDR = calculated with Min. Wall Thickness =
SDR = proposed =
y=
deflection (inches)
y(%) = deflection divided by diameter =

1.50
0.11
155.64 lb/in
125,000 psi
41.7
39.6 (used for deflection check)
0.4119 inches
1.96%

Check Proposed Thickness for Minimum Thickness Requirement

E=

Initial modulus of elasticity =

E/12(SDR3) > .093 in-lbs.

Typically OK if less than 5%

(ASTM 1216 Eqn X1.4 pp6)

250,000

0.334910287

Okay if greater than 0.093

4.5
6.0
7.5
9.0
10.5
12.0
13.5
15.0
16.5
18.0
19.5
21.0
22.5
24.0
25.5
27.0
28.5
30.0
31.5
33.0
34.5
36.0
37.5
39.0
40.5
42.0
43.5
45.0
46.5
48.0
49.5
51.0
52.5
54.0
55.5
57.0
58.5
60.0
61.5
63.0
64.5
66.0
67.5
69.0
70.5

72.0
73.5
75.0