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Individualism/Collectivism (IDV)

Hofstede has indicated that culture of individualism reflects a selfish side of


people who only take care of their own interests and free to choose their
own actions in individualistic society Respected collectivism in society,
people must consider the interests of others and has a spiritual obligation
and loyalty for their organisation .
At a score of 20 China is a highly collectivist culture where people act in the
interests of the group and not necessarily of themselves. In-group
considerations affect hiring and promotions with closer in-groups (such as
family) are getting preferential treatment. Employee commitment to the
organization (but not necessarily to the people in the organization) is low.
Whereas relationships with colleagues are cooperative for in-groups they are
cold or even hostile to out-groups. Personal relationships prevail over task
and company.
The abnormally low IDV score is shown through very close and committed
member groups, be they family, work or sport teams. Loyalty is a highly
regarded trait in a society where relationships are strong and is, therefore,
of paramount importance to most Chinese people.
The collectivist thinking of a culture such as China also tends to be
extremely parochial, with people and businesses not changing suppliers
lightly for fear of the impact on relationships. In other words, if all the
members of my family shop at a certain store, then I, too, should shop
there). However, once a change is made, the new relationship will enjoy
loyalty.

Masculinity/Femininity (MAS)

According to Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions, people in the societies of


masculinity and femininity have different perceptions on different cultures.
He indicates that roles of gender are very clear in masculine societies. Men
should be self-confidence, determination, and materialistic. And, women are
modest, gentle and pursuing on quality of life . The culture of masculinity
emphasises on equity, competition and job performance. In contrast, in
feminine societies, gender roles are usually overlap. Both of men and
women are not only modest and gentle, but also focusing on life quality .
People resolve conflicts by reconciliation and negotiation in organisation .
The culture of femininity is equality and solidarity.
A high score (Masculine) on this dimension indicates that the society will be
driven by competition, achievement and success, with success being
defined by the winner / best in field a value system that starts in school
and continues throughout organisational life.
A low score (Feminine) on the dimension means that the dominant values in
society are caring for others and quality of life. A Feminine society is one
where quality of life is the sign of success and standing out from the crowd
is not admirable. The fundamental issue here is what motivates people,
wanting to be the best (Masculine) or liking what you do (Feminine).
At 66 China is a Masculine society success oriented and driven. The need to
ensure success can be exemplified by the fact that many Chinese will

sacrifice family and leisure priorities to work. Service people (such as


hairdressers) will provide services until very late at night. Leisure time is not
so important. The migrated farmer workers will leave their families behind
in faraway places in order to obtain better work and pay in the cities.
Another example is that Chinese students care very much about their exam
scores and ranking as this is the main criteria to achieve success or not.
This is the one dimension in which China most aligns itself to the rest of the
world, and yet, it is often totally missed by Western businessmen, who think
that the women in China are, for the most part, ignored. To the contrary, I
have met some of Chinas business leaders who are very powerful and
inspiring women. Do not always shake the males hand first!

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