CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
This chapter consists of background, problem statement, objective of
the research, significance of the research, and scope of the research.
A. Background of the Research
Literature works have several forms such as: poetry, prose, and drama.
According to Wellek and Warren (1988: 124) art and literature have same
characteristic, even have equation characteristic with art. Literature have own
position we cannot consider that art and literature have same position. In
develop range of art, the artist has develop many ideas in create the works.
In classic era, people have drama performance as popular art and it
considers as a genre of literature. The performance of drama gets big attention
from society. In modern until postmodern era, drama performance not the only
way to watch the actors performance on stage, now people have movie. That
is why the researcher considers movie as a literature work to analyze.
In the last century, new genre of art has emerged altogether with
technologys progression. In the past year, this genre is no other than movie.
Even though movie essentially different with the classic drama performance,
but both have story line that people who have interest in literature will gladly
do the analysis. When the camera was found in 19 th century, people begin to

develop a motion picture that combine into one film, the motion picture have
a theme, plot, character now it called movie (Fadly, 2012: 24).
In purpose to attract people attention, movie have several themes, one
of the popular theme is love. Long time before first movie created, people
show their interest to an art works that take love as theme. In literature, love is
the favorite theme for poetry, prose and drama. Love theme has become a
legendary works as we can see in several popular works, Romeo and Juliet,
Pride and Prejudice and other works. The popularity of works with love theme
makes people created more works with love, some of them used old way, a
couple falls in love, struggle with the relationship and go on until the end, but
some of them created story about love in a new way. People create story of
love not focus on the relationship of two young couple but they take steps
little bit far into the meaning of love.
The Danish Girl is a movie that covers by unique way, this movie as
we can see has unique relationship between two young marriage couple. The
plot began around a married couple, the husband Einar Wegener has an
unbelievable choice to changes his gender from a man to a woman and
surprised his wife, Werda Wegener. This movie has been analyzed by lot of
people but the analysis that had been done focus on transgender analysis. This
research tries to look The Danish Girl from another side, the researcher will
focus on Einar and Gerdas relationship, the researcher will see how is the

love of marriage couple and how Gerda maintain her feeling for his husband
even though he decides to become a women though the movie.
The difference between these researches with another research about
pure love is the object of the researches, while many research in The Danish
Girl focuses on transgender, the researcher will combine issue of marriage and
issue of relationship and connect it into the pure love. How Gerdas love to
her husband is the theme in this research, because another research about pure
love just described between Men or Women even between two couple with
same gender and issuing social gap or how this couple fight against illness.
The small number of research that issuing transgender as the problem
that has to be fixed by the couple in the story. How love comes and fixed the
transgender problem. The researcher will analyze the pure love in The Danish
Girl movie because the love that describe in this movie is unique and this
story can show the meaning of true love. We can see this movie teach
important things to young couple in present day of how the true love is. That
is the reason why the researcher decide to analyze this movie not use
transgender issue but decide to analyze pure love.

B. Problem Statement
Based on the background above, the researcher formulates problem statement
as follows:
1. What are the characteristics of pure love that described in The Danish Girl
movie?
2. What type of love that shown by Werda Wegener in The Danish Girl
movie?
C. Objective of the Research
Based on the problem statements, the objectives of the research are:
1. To find out the characteristics of pure love that describe in The Danish
Girl movie
2. To find out the type of love that shown by Werda Wegener in The Danish
Girl movie
D. Significance of the Research
This research has two benefits, theoretical benefits and practical benefits;
1. Theoretical Benefits
a. The researcher hopes that the result of the research about The Pure
Love Analysis in The Danish Girl movie able to enrich and improve
the knowledge about pure love within the movie
b. Hopefully, the result of this research will become an information and a
reference to other researcher which relate to this study in the future
2. Practical Benefits
a. For the students, this research can help the student understand more
about the pure love, especially in The Danish Girl movie
b. For other researcher, hopefully this research can be a reliable reference

c. For literature teacher, hopefully this research can be a reliable

reference for their teaching material in literature
d. For society, hopefully this research can be a reference about a good
movie to watch
E. The scope of the Research
The scope of this research focuses in pure love that shown by Gerda
Wegener, a character in The Danish Girl movie. This research uses descriptive
method: Pure structuralism.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter consist of previous related research findings and some partinent
ideas.
A. Previous Related Research Findings
M. Safii (2008), in the research An Analysis of Pure Love in Jane
Austens novel Pride and Prejudice. This thesis focus on Elizabeth and Darcys
love story as expressed in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice. The analysis
emphasizes the discussion based on the intrinsic method, which are the elements
that exist in the text of the novel itself. In this case he was to analyze the
elements of true love or Pure Love by theory Pitrim Sorokin contained in themes
and characters in this novel. The love story itself explores the power of love
between Elizabeth and Darcy. Therefore portrayal of characters that leans toward
Elizabeth and Darcy is a focus of analysis in a love story between the two.
Sirajuddin (2015), in the research Discrimination of Transgender in
Normal movie by Jane Anderson. This thesis focus on the discriminations
experienced by transgender in Normal movie by Jane Anderson. The writer
uses genetic structuralism approach to analyze and to describe discriminations
experienced by transgender in Normal movie by Jane Anderson. Genetic
Structuralism is a branch of literature research structurally but not pure. It is a
form of convergence of structural and the previous research method. The results

of the research analysis are: the structural analysis consisting of theme,

characters, plot and setting of the movie; secondly, the types of discriminations
experienced by transgender in Normal movie are direct and indirect
transgender discrimination. The discriminations are experienced by the main
character Roy or Ruth in some places; in his/her family, in his/her office, in the
church and in society.
The thesis above has the same type of analysis with this research, but the
object that research is different because the thesis research is about love story
between two main characters in a novel and using theory of Pitrim Sorokin,
while the researcher will explore the pure love of Werda Wegener character in a
movie and using pure structuralism approach.
This research is different from the previous related studies. Researcher
has checked in some libraries, there is no research that has been conducted to
analyze the pure love in The Danish Girl movie. The researcher focuses on the
depiction of the pure love in this movie from the viewpoint of transgender. The
most interesting thing from the movie is the meaning of true love through the
transgender issue. How Einar and W/Gerdas relationship through their marriage
has fixed the transgender problem. The Danish Girl movie illustrates persistent
toward gender ideals and stereotypes of love which usually between men and
women especially in our culture.

B. Pertinent Ideas
In the pertinent ideas of the researcher will explain about theories and
approaches that will be used in this research.
1. Love
1.1 Definition of Love
Since a very long time ago, people have searched for the meaning of
love, even great philosophers with their profound definitions. Since human
created in this world, discussion about love has born in human life. Love as
old as human closely connected to each other. Love past though the time,
hours, minutes, and decade even the century. Discussion of love always
attracts peoples attention. It is interesting because not only that it adhere to
emotion but also it also become a problem for all people.
Before we have more discussion about love, it is good to know its
etymology. The word love is derived from old English lufu and leof which
mean dear. Based on the word form, love is an experience that felt by a person
to another person. In terminology, love is universal thing where it is not only a
simple desire but a passion and an intensive feeling for one person or object.
According to Erich Fromm in his book The Art of Loving (1956: 22)
love is an activity not a passive affect: it is a standing in not a falling for.
In the most general way the active character of love can be described by

stating that love is primarily giving, not receiving. This means love is often
misunderstood as a sacrifice. It is not true that love is limited to the provision
in the sense of the material, or give yourself to your beloved does not mean
we are sacrificing our independence as individuals.
Love is a desire to give without asking for anything, but love will
show its beautifulness if people included also take and give, so that the
warmth, harmony and togetherness through life can be achieved. Love is a
word that has so much meanings, depending on how we put it in our life.

1.2 Elements of Love

Erich Fromm in his book The Art of Loving (1956) explains love are
contain certain basic elements, there are:
1. Care
Care is needed in the behavior of love in order to
understand life, the development of back and forth, bad and
good, and how the welfare of the beloved object. Fromm
(1956: 26) Care is most evident in a mothers love for her
child. No assurance of her love would strike us as sincere if
we saw her lacking in care for the infant, if she neglected to
feed it, to bathe it, to give it physical comfort; and we are
impressed by her love if we see her caring for the child.Love is
the active concern for the life and the growth of that which we
love. Where this active concern is lacking, there is no love.
2. Responsibility
Responsibility is needed in relationship, because
without a responsibility there will be no a balanced division in
relationship. Responsible here means being able and ready to
respond. The point is the life that we love not only the
problem itself, but also a question of our responsibility. We
take responsibility for the lives of our loved ones as we are
responsible for ourselves. Fromm (1956: 27-28) Care and

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concern imply another aspect of love; that of responsibilities.

Nowadays responsibility is often meant to denote duty,
something imposed upon one from the outside.

But

responsibility, in its true sense, is an entirely voluntary act; it is

my response to the needs, expressed or unexpressed, of another
human being. To be responsible means to be able and ready
to respond.
3. Respect
Responsibility and ownership can be a dominant if not
accompanied by a third component, is respect. Respect here
means the ability to see a person as such by being aware of all
the uniqueness that is inside the person. Respect means paying
attention to other people so that he grows and develops to suit
himself. The figure of the beloved and for the sake its own, not
forced evolving desires and ambitions for the sake of those
who love. If we love, we feel united with the person as they
are. Fromm (1956: 28) responsibility could easily deteriorate
into domination and possessiveness, were it not for a third
component of love, respect. Respect means the concern that
the other person should grow and unfold as he is. Respect,
thus, implies the absence of exploitation. I want the loved
person to grow and unfold for his own sake, and in his own

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ways, and not for the purpose of serving me. If I love the other
person, I feel one with him or her, but with him as he is, not as
I need him to be as an object for my use. It is clear that respect
is possible only if I have achieved independence; if I can stand
and walk without needing crutches, without having to
dominate and exploit anyone else. Respect exists only on the
basis of freedom: lamourestlenfant de la libert as an old
French song says; love is the child of freedom, never that of
domination.
4. Knowledge
To be able to do all three aspects of the previous well,
love must also have a fourth aspect, namely understanding or
knowledge. The knowledge here is very deep that it is able to
penetrate the heart of the matter. Knowledge is only possible if
a person can go beyond attention to a beloved one for later
viewing our beloved according to its own context. In love, we
know through an understanding of what life of a man by going
through unity and not through the knowledge imparted by the
mind. Fromm (1956: 29) To respect a person is not possible
without knowing him; care and responsibility would be blind if
they were not guided by knowledge. Knowledge would be
empty if it were not motivated by concern

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Fromm (1956: 29) Care, responsibility, respect and knowledge are

mutually interdependent. They are a syndrome of attitudes found in mature
person; that is, in the person who develops his own powers productively, who
only wants to have that which he has worked for, who has given up
narcissistic dreams of omniscience and omnipotence, who has acquired
humility based on the inner strength which only genuine productivity can
give.
1.3.

Type of Love
Besides the elements, love also has several types as explain by John

Alan Lee in his book Colors of Love (1973) he identifies seven main types of
love, and they are:

1. Ludus
Ludus love is experienced as a game. According to Lee
(1973:36)for ludic lovers, love is a game, something to play with
rather that to become deeply involved in; for them, love is ultimately
ludicrous. Love is for fun, encounters are casual, carefree and often
cereless. This means ludic lovers sees love as fun, as a game to be
played. The better he or she can play the game, the more love he or she
enjoyed. To the Ludic lover, love is not to be taken too seriously;

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emotions are to be held in check lest they get out of hand and make
trouble; passions never rise to the point where they get out of control.
Ludic love is a self-controlled love- a love the lover carefully manages
and controls rather than allowing it to control him or her. This lover is
consciously aware of the need to remain in control and uses this
awareness to guide his or her own behaviors.
The Ludic lover retains a partner only so long as he or she is
interesting and amusing. When the partner is no longer interesting
enough, it is time to change. And Ludic lovers do change partners
frequently.
Perhaps because love is a game, sexual fidelity is not something
of major importance in a Ludic love relationship. The Ludic lover
expects his or her partner to have had (and probably to have in the
future) other partners and does not appear to get too upset if occasional
partners are experienced during the relationship.
The dating patterns we have seen greatly influenced by ludic
conceptions of love. In Ludic love (as in dating), there is no mutual
claim and no long-time commitment by the partners. Instead, it is
experienced because it is fun. When it stops being fun, the relationship
is terminated.
2. Storge

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Like Ludus, Storge lacks passion and intensity. But whereas the
Ludic lover is aware of passion but keeps it under control, the storge
lover is unaware of any intensity feeling. The Storgic lover does not set
out to find a lover, but rather seems to establish a Storge relationship
with someone he or she knows and with whom he or she enjoys similar
interest and activities. Storgic love just seems to develop over a
considerable period of time. As might be expected, sex in Storgic
relationship comes late, but even when it comes it never seems to
assume any great importance. One great advantage of this is that
Storgic lovers are not plagued by sexual difficulties as are so many
other types of lovers.
Storage lovers rarely say I love you or even remember what
many would consider romantic milestone such as the first date, the first
weekend alone, the first time we said I love you, and so on. Storgic
love is a gradual process of unfolding ones thoughts and ones
feelings; the changes seem to come so slowly and so gradually that it is
often difficult for the individuals involved- and of course for outsidersproperly and accurately to define exactly where the relationship is at
any point of time. Storgic love is sometimes difficult to separate from
friendship: mutual caring, compassion, respect, and concern for the
other person.

15

Not only is storgic love slow in developing and slow burning, it

is also slow in dissolving. Storgic lovers can, for example, endure long
periods of time away from each other without feeling there is any
problem with the relationship. Similarly, they may endure long periods
of relative inactivity or lack of excitement without feeling there is any
relationship problem. Lee (1973:36) Storage is love between
companion. It is love without fever, tumult, or folly; a peaceful and
enchanting affection.
3. Manic
Manic love differs greatly from both Ludus and especially
Storge in numerous ways. But perhaps the most obvious quality of
mania, which separates it from all others, is its extremes of highs and
lows, of ups and downs. The manic lover loves intensely, but at the
same time worries intensely and fears the loss of the love. And this
intense fear prevents the manic lover in many cases from deriving as
much pleasure as might be derived from relationship. Manic love is
obsessive; the manic lover has to possess his or her lover completely-in
all ways, at all jealousy, self-doubts, similar reactions are often
experienced and can lead to the extreme lows characteristic of the
manic lover.
4. Pragmatic

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The Pragma lover is the Pracmatical lover who seeks a

relationship that will rock. Pragma lovers seek compatibility and
relationship in which their important needs and desires will be satisfied.
Computer matching services seem based largely on an assumption of
pragmatic love. Compatibility is emphasized, so the computer will
match persons on the basis of similar interest, attitudes, personality
characteristics, religion, politics, hobbies, and host of other likes and
dislike. The assumption here is that persons who are similar will be
more apt to establish relationships than will persons who are different.
This assumption is generally supported by the research on interpersonal
attraction.
In its extreme, Pragma love may be seen in the person who
writes down the qualities he or she wants in a mate and actively goes
about seeking someone to match these stated qualities. As might be
expected, the Pragma lover is concerned with the social qualifications
of a potential mate even more than with personal qualities; family and
background are extremely important. According to Lee (1973:37)
pragma lovers are lovers who are logical in their approach to looking
for someone who meets their needs. They consciously consider such
concepts as endogamy and exogamy, homogamy and heterogamy The
Pragma lover wants to marry and settle down and get on with the
business of living. In Pragma, a love relationship is clearly a means to

17

the achievements of other ends, unlike the manic lover to whom the
love relationship is the end and all else are means to its attainment.
Not surprisingly, relationships rarely deteriorate among Pragma
lovers. This is true in part because Pragma lovers have chosen their
mates carefully and have emphasized similarities.
5. Eros
One version of the Narcissus legend is that Narcissus, a
beautiful Greek boy, fell in love with his own reflection in the water.
So absorbed was he with his own beauty that he ignored the love of
the beautiful nymph, Echo. One day, while admiring his own reflection
and attempting to get closer and closer to it, he fell into the water and
died. Another way of looking at this legend, as John Lee Suggests, is
looking at Narcissus as the classic erotic lover. In this view Narcissus
was punished for his total absorption with a beauty and perfection that
he could never posses. His own reflection was more beautiful than the
fountain nymph Echo, or anyone else he could possibly love.
According to Lee (1973:38) erotic lovers delight in the
immediate; they are attracted to beauty (though beauty may be in the
eye of the beholder) they love the lines of the body, its fell and its
touch The Erotic lover focuses on beauty and physical attractiveness,
sometimes to the exclusion of qualities we might consider more
important and more enduring. And like Narcissus, the erotic lover

18

often has an ideal image of beauty that is unattainable in reality.

Consequently, the erotic lover often feels unfulfilled. Erotic lovers are
particularly sensitive to physical imperfections in their beloved a
nose that is too long, a complexion that is blemished, a figure that is a
bit to full, and so on- all cause difficulties. And this is one reason why
the erotic lover wants to experience the entire person as quickly in the
relationship as possible.
Eros is an ego-centered love, a love that is given to someone
because that person will return the love. It is in this sense a utilitarian,
rational love because it is a calculated love with an anticipated return.
Eros is essentially hedonistic; it is a sensual love of physical qualities
of an individual. In Eros physical attraction is paramount; there is a
definite sensual feeling for the other persons body. Eros is a
discriminating type of love; it is selective in its love objects. It is
directed at someone because he or she is valuable and can be expected
to return the love in kind.
6. Agapic
Agape is a compassionate love; it is an ego less; self-giving
love. Agape is not rational and non discriminative. Agape creates value
and virtue by its love rather than bestowing love only on that which is
valuable and virtuous. The Agapic lover will love the stranger on the
road, and the fact that they will probably never meet again has nothing
to do with it.

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Agape is a spiritual love. One is not love altruistically if one

loves with the thought that one will be rewarded in some way for this
love or compassion. Agapic love is offered with no concern for any
kind of personal reward again. The Agapic lover loves without even
expecting that the love will be returned or reciprocated.
The Agapic lover gives to the other person the kind of love the
person needs even though there may be great difficulties or personal
hardship involved. Thus, for example, if one person in a love
relationship would prefer to be free and to be living with another
person, the true Agapic lover will leave the relationship for the sake of
the beloved with no thought that this altruistic act will result in his or
her love being returned. Furthermore, the true Agapic lover will want
this new relationship to succeed and will be hurt if it brings
unpleasantness or unhappiness to the beloved. Most often when
relationships break up one of the parties is hurt, the hurt individual
wants the new relationship to fail, as a kind of punishment. Similarly,
when someone hurts you, you often want them hurt in return. But the
Agapic lover responds differently; even if hurt, the Agapic lover wants
only the best for the beloved. In one sense, agape is more of a
philosophical kind of love than a love most of us have the strength to
achieve.

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Each of these loves can combine with others to form new and different
patterns. These six, however, should be sufficient to delineate some of the major
types of love and to illustrate the complexity of a love relationship. It is perhaps
obvious to say that different people are satisfied by different things-that each
person seeks satisfaction in a somewhat unique way. When it comes to love,
however, this, obvious point needs to be highlighted. The love that may seem
to you to be lifeless or crazy or boring may to someone else be ideal. At
the same time, another person may see the same negative qualities in the love
you are seeking that you might see in there. With knowledge of these various
kinds of love, we may become a bit more tolerant and emphatic. A real problem
does arise, of course, when a person seeking one type falls in love with a person
seeking a vastly different type of love. In this case, there seems no easy way to
productive relationship.
1.4 Pure Love
Joseph A. Devito quoted from Pitrim Sorokin, tells that love is
motivated by consideration or the self or by consideration for the other
person. In-pure love, in this system, refers to love motivated by selfish
consideration without concern for the other person. Pure love is the love of an
individual for the sake, sacrifice, attention, pride and integrity of the beloved.
(1985:199)

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Before analyzing the pure love of this novel, the researcher would like
to describe the characteristic of pure love:
1. Pure love creates joy and happiness. We feel happy when we close to
someone we love.
2. Pure love is the condition of love which shows the feeling sacrifice to do
everything for someone he/she loves.
3. Pure love is the most powerful energy in the universe because pure love is
the only reality and once set in motion. Pure love cannot be stopped by
anything.
4. Pure love is the very fabric of existence. When we have pure love in our
heart, everything fades into nothing.
5. Pure love is not something that we need to take out and display for others to
see. Only we can feel that feeling.
6. Pure love is happened when we love someone with sincere without
expecting reciprocation.
7. Pure love is related to non-material, if we love someone not because the
material or anything else but really pure not anything a reason
2. Movie
2.1. The Definition of Movie
Movie can be interpreted as moving images that are influenced by
colors, sounds, and a story. Movie also called as live image. The movie
became a very influential media, exceeding other media, audio and visual.
2.2The Types of Movie

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1. Fiction Movie
Fiction movie is a movie that conveys non-factual story or
imagination. Fiction movie have same genres like drama, action, horror,
comedy, mystery, animation, etc.
2. Non-Fiction Movie
Non-fiction movie is a movie the contents of which are not fictional
and not the result of imagination or fiction writer. There are two types of nonfiction movie, namely factual movie and documenter movie. Factual movie
usually contain information about news happening (real news). While the
documentary movie is recording or documentation of the actual events that
taking place.

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2.3 The Element of Movie

Intrinsic Element of Movie
Intrinsic Elements are the building blocks of literary works that come
from the work itself.
a. Theme
According to Holmon (1981: 74) theme is a central idea in a
story that includes the problem, which is something that will be
disclosed to provide direction and purpose of the story of the literary
work. Stanton (2007: 07) also gives his opinion that theme gives a
strong explanations about what is happening in the story, and tell about
the storys common context.
The purpose of theme is to give a shape and effect in our mind,
so make the story easy to remember. A good theme has to represent the
entire story in the film, sometimes the theme shapes in to the fact that
comes from the human experience. It is explored by the story and then
gives impression for each of event in life.
b. Plot

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Plot is anything that happens in a story which reveals the cause

and effect. The examination of plot guides us to understand occurrence
in the film. Besides, it helps us to see the cause-effect connection
between events that influences the characterization.
Stanton (2007: 26) stated that plot is a series of the events in a
story. How a certain event affecting another event that cannot be
ignored, since the event will be affecting for all story. Plot is very
close to the existence of the character. If the story only has a little in
character, there will be more closes and simple to plot in contrast a
film that has many characters in the story the plot will be more
complicated. Plot also helps us in understanding the story of the film.
Stanton (2007: 29) stated the character is affecting the plot, if
the story only has a few in characters, there will be more closes and
simply story. If we do not know the plot of the story, it will be hard to
understand what the story tells about. Like another intrinsic elements,
plot also have his own rule. There should be clear, real, and logic,
where the beginning, middle, and the end of the story.
The existence of the plot itself depends on two essential events:
1. Conflict
Conflict is a dramatic thing which direct to the
competition between two balance powers and show

25

action reaction. Conflict brings out the extremes of

human energy, causing characters engage in the
decision, action responses and interactions that make up
most stories. Nearly all fiction focuses in conflict.
2. Climax
Climax is the highest point of interest, the
moment when the conflict is the most intense. The time
when the consequences of a characters action become
inevitable and the main points of the plot merge. In
literary work plot is classified in to three major parts:
plot based on the criterion of times order, plot based on
the criterion of number, plot based on the criterion of
content.
3. Resolution
Resolution is the ending part of a plot.
Resolution is also the part where all conflict that exists in
a plot began to resolve. In a modern movie, the resolution
part is not always put at the end of the movie, it could be
shown in the beginning or in the middle of the movie,
depend on the script writers fantasies.
c. Setting

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Background or setting is a description of instructions that

describe the place and time of the events in the story that helps
describe the mood of an environment. According to Nurgiyantoro
(2011: 216) the background or setting is also called a landing
fulcrum, suggest in terms of place, time relations and social
environment where the events narrated.
d. Character and Characterization
a. Character
Fictitious narrative is an actor or figure that experience the
phenomenon on narrative. (Budianta,2008: 86)
According to Nurgiantoro (2011: 176) divided character in to
two characters, there are;
1. Main character
Main character is focus character in story. The
character is who most tell in the story as perpetrator or
subject occurrence of events.
2. Sub-character
Sub-character is the character that present as
complement of main character.
b. Characterization
The simple form of characterization is naming. Each
appellation is a kind of vivifying, individuating. (Wellek and
Werren, 1988: 219). Furthermore, she revealed that there are
two types of characterization; static and dynamic or
developmental.
e. Point of View

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The point of view is the position or the position of the author in

bringing the story. The point of view is divided into two first-person
perspective and third-person perspective. First-person perspective is
the author serves as actors directly involved in the story, especially as
the main actors. Main protagonists (I, me, first person plural pronouns:
we, us). While the third-person perspective is the author are beyond
the story, he said the figures outside, not involved in the story.

3.Pure Structuralism Approach

Pure structuralism in literature is a research method which relates to
elements in the texts. The approach has famed with the concept of
wholeness, unity, and coherence. Pure structuralism is an approach in
analyzing a literary work through the structure of the work. In analyzing
a literary work it can be internal analysis of the literary text that is through
its text (Badriani, 2013:14)
According to Jean Piaget cited in Jabrohim (2014 : 70), there are
three main ideas of pure structuralism:
1. The overall idea (wholeness) which means that the parts or elements
conform to a set of rules that determine the intrinsic in overall
structure and its parts. The point is that every element of literary works
should be in accordance with the rules of intrinsic.
2. The idea of transformation (transformation), the structure undertakes
continuous transformation procedure that allows the formation of a

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new material. From above, then literature will undergo changes

starting from character, background, adding events and more.
3. The idea of regularity independent (self-regulation) that does not
require things outside itself to maintain its transformation procedures,
the structure is autonomous from the other system references. So
literary works independently, not specified readers, authors and others,
because literature is able to govern themselves. So literature in this
regard cannot be contested by others.

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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter consist of design of the research, sources of data, method
of collecting data, and method of analyzing data.
A. Design of the Research
In this research, the researcher will use descriptive analysis method.
Descriptive analysis method is a method that is intended to describe and then
analyze same cases that related to the topic of the research. This research uses
pure structuralism. This research described the pure love of Werda Wegener in
The Danish Girl movie.
B. Source of data
Data in this research will be divided into two categories, namely
primary data and secondary data. The primary data is the movie as the main
object of the research and uses thesis, journal and article as references to
support the argument of the researcher.
C. Procedure of Collecting Data
The procedures of collecting data were as follows:
1. The researcher will watch the movie in several times and
understand the story

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2. The researcher collect and read some related literature works to

support the object of this research
3. The researcher collect and read some related journal, thesis and
article about pure love to support the object that the researcher
intend to analyze
D. Technique of Data Analysis
In this research the researcher uses pure structuralism approach
because this approach has the close relation of this research to analyze. Pure
structuralism approach is done objectively because it is focused intrinsic
aspect of a literary work without interference by other fields, a literary work
can be seen as aesthetical creation.
Then, in achieving the objective of the research, the researcher
employs some techniques, they are:
1. The researcher identifies primary and supporting data which is
collected from the movie The Danish Girl and some articles
related.
2. The researcher differentiate the intrinsic elements from The
Danish Girl movie.
3. The researcher describes the plot of the The Danish Girl movie.
4. The researcher describes the characters related to the plot in The
Danish Girl movie.
5. The researcher finds out the pure love of the characters that is
shown in The Danish Girl movie.
6. The researcher interpreted the pure love that is shown by one of
the character Gerda Wegener in The Danish Girl movie.

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32

The following scheme shows the procedure of data analysis:

MOVIE: The Danish Girl

Intrinsic Element of
Movie

Them

Plot

Setting

Characte

PoV

Pure Love
Pure Structuralism
Analysis
Scheme I. Procedure of Data Analysis

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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