DAFTAR ISI

16 Tenses....................................................................................................... 2
Soal Structure.................................................................................................. 7
Jawaban:...................................................................................................... 11
Pembahasan.................................................................................................. 11
DAFTAR PUSTAKA...................................................................................... 14

16 Tenses
Penjelasan Tense
Simple Present Tense
Rumus:

Contoh Kalimat Tense

We agree with the speakers

opinion.
(Kami setuju dengan opini
pembicara.)

She is so beautiful.
(Dia sangat cantik.)

Im driving a car to Bandung

now.
(Saya sedang menyetir mobil
ke Bandung sekarang.)

The buses are arriving in an

hour.
(Bus-bus tersebut tiba dalam
satu jam.)

Ive read this book.

(Saya sudah membaca buku
ini.)

I have lived in Cilegon for 3

months.
(Saya telah tinggal di Cilegon
selama 3 bulan.)

S + V-1
Penggunaan:
Simple present tense untuk menyatakan
fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi
pada saat sekarang ini.
Present Continuous Tense

Rumus:
S + am/is/are + present participle/V-ing
Penggunaan:
Present continuous tense untuk membicarakan
aksi yang sedang berlangsung sekarang atau
rencana dimasa depan.

Present Perfect Tense

Rumus:
S + have/has + past participle/V-3
Penggunaan:
Present perfect tense digunakan untuk
mengungkapkan suatu aktivitas atau situasi
yang telah dimulai di masa lalu dan
telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di

masa lalu atau masih berlanjut sampai

sekarang.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Rumus:

The toddlers have been

playing a ball for an hour.
(Balita-balita itu telah
bermain bola selama satu
jam.)

The construction labors are

thirsty since they have been
removing the scaffoldings.
(Pekerja konstruksi haus
karena mereka telah
memindahkan perancah.)

The party started at 10.00

a.m.
(Pesta dimulai jam 10 pagi.)

The team was playing

basketball all day yesterday.
(Tim bermain basket
sepanjang hari kemarin.)

S + have/has + been + present participle/V-ing

Penggunaan:
Present perfect continuous tense untuk
mengungkapkan aksi yang telah selesai pada
suatu titik dimasa lampau atau aksi telah
dimulai di masa lalu dan terus berlanjut sampai
sekarang. Biasanya aksi tersebut ada durasi
waktu tertentu dan ada relevansinya dengan
kondisi sekarang.
Simple Past Tense
Rumus:
S + V-2
Penggunaan:
Simple past tense untuk menunjukkan bahwa
suatu kejadian terjadi di masa lampau.
Past Continuous Tense
Rumus:
S + was/were + present participle/V-ing
Penggunaan:

Past continuous tense digunakan untuk

mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang
terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Past Perfect Tense
Rumus:
S + had + past participle/V-3

When he came last night, the

cake had run out.
(Ketika dia datang semalam,
kue sudah habis.)

The labors had been

demonstrating for an hour
when the manager came.
(Pekerja telah berdemonstrasi
selama satu jam ketika
manager datang.)

You will win the game.

(Kamu akan memenangkan
permainan tersebut.)

I am going to meet him

tomorrow.
(Saya akan menemuinya
besok.)

Penggunaan:
Past perfect tense untuk menyatakan bahwa
suatu aksi telah selesai pada suatu titik di masa
lalu sebelum aksi lainnya terjadi.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Rumus:
S + had + been + present participle/V-ing
Penggunaan:
Past perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk
mengungkapkan suatu aksi (dengan durasi
waktu tertentu) telah selesai pada suatu titik
waktu tertentu dimasa lalu.
Simple Future Tense
Rumus:

S + will + bare infinitive

S + be (is/am/are) + going to + bare

infinitive)

Penggunaan:

Simple future tense untuk menyatakan bahwa

suatu aksi terjadi dimasa depan, secara spontan
atau terencana.
Future Continuous Tense
Rumus:
S + will + be + present participle/V-ing

He will be sleeping at 10 p.m.

(Dia akan sedang tidur pada
jam 10 malam.)

At this time next month, Ill

have finished my English
course.
(Pada waktu yang sama bulan
depan, saya akan telah
menyelesaikan kursus bahasa
Inggris.)

The cat will have been

sleeping long when you get
home.
(Kucing itu telah lama tidur
ketika kamu pulang.)

Penggunaan:
Future continuous tense untuk
mengungkapkan aksi yang akan sedang terjadi
pada waktu tertentu di masa depan.
Future Perfect Tense
Rumus:
S + will + have + past participle/V-3
Penggunaan:
Future perfect tense untuk mengungkapkan
bahwa suatu aktivitas akan sudah selesai pada
suatu titik waktu di masa depan.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Rumus:
S + will + have + been + present participle/Ving
Penggunaan:
Future perfect continuous tense untuk
mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi akan sudah
berlangsung selama sekian lama pada titik

waktu tertentu di masa depan.

Simple Past Future Tense
Rumus:
S + would + bare infinitive
Penggunaan:

He would forgive you.

(Dia akan memaafkanmu.)

Simple past future tense untuk menyatakan

suatu aksi yang akan dilakukan, membuat
prediksi, dan membuat janji di masa
depan pada saat berada dimasa lalu.
Past Future Continuous Tense
Rumus:
S + would + be + present participle
Penggunaan:

I would be attending the conference

if I was in Jakarta.
(Saya akan sedang menghadiri
konferensi tersebut jika saya ada di
Jakarta.)

Past future continuous tense adalah suatu

Fakta:
bentuk kata kerja untuk menyatakan aksi atau
situasi imajiner yang sedang berlangsung
but Im not in Jakarta (tapi saya
apabila unreal condition-nya terpenuhi
tidak di Jakarta)
(present continuous conditional ~ conditional
sentence type 2 dengan continuous tense).
Past Future Perfect Tense
Rumus:
S + would + have + past participle/V-3
Penggunaan:
Past future perfect tense untuk membicarakan
suatu aksi yang tidak terjadi di masa lalu

If you had saved your jewelry and

foreign currency in a safety deposit
box, they wouldnt have gone.
(Jika kamu telah menyimpan
perhiasan dan mata uang asingmu
di safety deposit box, mereka tidak
akan hilang.)

(conditional sentence type 3).

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Rumus:
S + would + have + been + present participle
Penggunaan:

If his Visa had been approved, he

would have been working abroad
for a week.
(Jika visa dia telah disetujui, dia akan
telah bekerja selama seminggu.)

Past future perfect continuous tense adalah

Fakta:
suatu bentuk kata kerja untuk menyatakan
suatu aksi atau situasi imajiner sedang
but his Visa wasnt approved (tapi
berlangsung pada titik tertentu atau selama
Visa-nya tidak disetujui)
periode tertentu di masa lampau (perfect
continuous conditional ~ conditional type 3
dengan continuous)

Soal Structure
1. _____ the demands of aerospace, medicine, and agriculture, aengineers, are
creating exotic new metallic substances.

A. Meet
B. Being met are

C. To meet
D. They are meeting

2. _______ James A. Bland, Carry Me Back to Old Virginny was adopted is

the state song of Virginia in 1940.
A. Was written by
B. His writing was

C. He wrote the
D. Written by

3. Mary Garden, ______ the early 1900s was considered one of the best singing
actresses of her time.
A. a soprano was popular
B. in a popular soprano
4.

C. was a popular soprano

D. a popular soprano in

In the realm of psychological theory Margaret F. Washburn was a dualist

_____ that motor phenomena have an essential role in psychology.
A. who she believed
B. who believed

C. believed
D. who did she believe

5. John was one ____________________

A. of the happy childs of his class
B. of the happiest child in the class
C. child who was the happiest of all the class
D. of the happiest children in the class.
6. _____________ he began to make a lot of friends.
A. Having entered school in the new city, it was found that
B. After entering the new school,
C. When he had been entering the new school,
D. Upon entering into the new school,
7. The fact that space exploration has increased dramatically in the past thirty
___________
A. is an evidence of us wanting to know more of our solar system
B. indicates that we are very eager to learn all we can about our solar system
C. how we want to learn more about the solar system

D. is pointing to evidence of our intention to know a lot more about what is

called our solar system
8. Many of the current international problems we are now facing
_______________
A. linguistic incompetencies
B. are the result of misunderstandings
C. are because of not understanding themselves
D. lacks of the intelligent capabilities of understanding each other
9. Mr.Roberts is a noted chemist_____________
A. as well as an effective teacher
B. and too a very efficient teacher
C. but he teaches very good in addition
D. however he teaches very good also
10. Public television stations are different from commercial stations
__________________
A. because they receive money differently and different types of shows
B. for money and program types
C. in the areas of funding and programming
D. because the former receives money and has programs differently from the
latter
11. Manufacturers often sacrifice quality _______________________ A. for a larger profit margin
B. in place of to earn more money
C. to gain more quantities of money
D. and instead earn a bigger amount of profit
12. Automobile production in the United States ____________
A. have taken slumps and rises in recent years
B. has been rather erratic recently
C. has been erratically lately
D. are going up and down all the time
13. A major problem in the construction of new buildings _______________
A. is that windows have been eliminates while air conditioning systems have
not been perfected
B. is they have eliminated windows and still don't have good air conditioning
C. is because windows are eliminated but air conditioners don't work good
D. is dependent on the fact that while they have eliminated windows, they are
not capable to produce efficient air conditioning systems
14. John said that no other car could go ______________

A. so fast like his car

B. as fast like his car

C. as fast like the car of him

D. as fast as his car

15. Her grades have improved, but only ________________.

A. in a small amount
B. very slightly

C. minimum
D. some

16. While attempting to reach his home before the storm,_______________

A. the bicycle of John broke down
B. it happened that John's bike broke down
C. the storm caught John
D. John had an accident on his bicycle
17. The changes in this city have occurred _________________
A. with swiftness
B. rapidly
C. fastly
D. in rapid ways
18. Oxygen and nutrients reach the bodys tissues ____ from the blood through
the capillary wall.
A. Pass
B. by passing
C. to be passing
D. have passed
19. _____ important development of the Neolithic age was not in the manufacture
of stone tools but in the production of food.
A. The most
B. Most
C. Most of
D. Of the most
20. Most tangerine trees and their flowers and fruits resemble __ the orange, although
tangerines are generally smaller.
A. of those
B. which of those
E.
F.

C. those of
D. which are of

G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.

N. Jawaban:
O. 1

S. 5

W. 9

AA.

13.
A

A
AB.

P. 2

T. 6

X. 1

0
.

B
U. 7

D
AC.

C
Q. 3

14.

15.
B

Y. 1

1
.

AD.

16.
D

R. 4

V. 8

A
Z. 1

2
.

AE. 1

7
.
B

AF. 1

8
.

AG.

AH.

19.

20.
A

AI.
AJ. Pembahasan

1. Pola infinitive phrase: to infinitive + object of to infinitive

Kalimat tersebut menyatakan tujuan atau maksud. Maka
dibutuhkan to infinitive phrase. Sehingga pilihan phrase yang
tepat untuk mengisi rumpang tersebut adalah to meet.
2. Kalimat di atas membutuhkan Adjective Phrase untuk
menerangkan kata benda Carry Me Back to Old Virginny.
Frasa ajektif yang paling tepat adalah Written by. Mengapa
disebut frasa ajektif, karea past participle (v3) yang tidak ditemani
bentuk be atau have adalah sebuah ajektif.

AK.

AL. 3. Kalimat pada soal membutuhkan Appositive Phrase. Mary

Garden dan appositive phrase (a popular soprano) memiliki

makna yang sama. Maka jawaban yang tepat adalah a popular
soprano in.
4. Pola adjective clause : (Conj. + S + V).
Untuk menerangkan kata benda a dualist maka klausa yang tepat
adalah who believed.

AM.

AN.

5. One of the + plural nouns (children)

6.
A. Having entered school in the new city, it was found that --> it
mengarah ke mana?
B. After entering the new school,
C. When he had been entering the new school, --> penggunaan
tense yg tidak tepat
D. Upon entering into the new school, --> enter + noun
7.
A. is an evidence of us wanting to know more of our solar system
--> our wanting (masuk di materi gerund)
B. indicates that we are very eager to learn all we can about our
solar system
C. how we want to learn more about the solar system --> jika ini
digunakan maka kalimat tidak lengkap / tanpa verb utama

D. is pointing to evidence of our intention to know a lot more

about what is called our solar system --> terlalu bertele-tele
8.
A. linguistic incompetencies --> kalimat yg fragmen
B. are the result of misunderstandings
C. are because of not understanding themselves --> themselves
mengarah ke mana?
D. lacks of the intelligent capabilities of understanding each other
--> makna tidak sesuai
AO. 9.
A. as well as an effective teacher
B. and too a very efficient teacher --> too mestinya also
C. but he teaches very good in addition --> teaches well
D. however he teaches very good also --> teaches well
AP.10.
A. because they receive money differently and different types of
shows --> salah pemilihan kata
B. for money and program types ---> salah pemilihan kata
C. in the areas of funding and programming
D. because the former receives money and has programs
differently from the latter --> different from
AQ. 11.
A. for a larger profit margin
B. in place of to earn more money --> of + noun
C. to gain more quantities of money --> salah makna / kalimat
tidak membahas quantities of money
D. and instead earn a bigger amount of profit --> bigger umum
digunakan dalam situasi informal
AR. 12.
10. Automobile production in the United States ____________
A. have taken slumps and rises in recent years --> have (plural)
B. has been rather erratic recently
C. has been erratically lately --> been verb (linking verb) +
adverb
D. are going up and down all the time --> are (plural)
AS. 13.
A. is that windows have been eliminates while air conditioning
systems have not been perfected

B. is they have eliminated windows and still don't have good air
conditioning --> they mengarah ke?
C. is because windows are eliminated but air conditioners don't
work good --> work well
D. is dependent on the fact that while they have eliminated
windows, they are not capable to produce efficient air
conditioning systems --> capable + of + verb-ing
AT.14. equal comparison --> as ... as
AU.

15. improved + adverb (very slightly)

AV.16. Reduction in adverbial clause --> while John was

attempting to reach his home before the storm, John had an
accident on his bicycle
Prinsip: clause yang bisa di reduksi hanyalah klausa yang
mempunyai subjek sama
AW. 17. have occurred + adverb (rapidly)
AX.

AY.18.
AZ. Kalimat di atas sudah lengkap subject dan verb jadi tidak butuh
lagi verb. Pilihan A dan D sudah jelas salah. Pilihan C tidak sesuai
dengan konteks kalimat.
BA.

BB. 19.
BC. Ada beberapa aturan dalam menggunakan most / most of
1. Most of digunakan sebelum plural noun yang mempunyai
determiner atau pronoun di depannya.
Contoh: Most of the students live with host families.
Most of students live with host families. (Salah karena tanpa
determiner)
2. Most digunakan sebelum plural noun yang tidak mempunyai
determiner atau pronoun di depannya
Contoh: Most students live with host families.
Most of students live with host families.
Before a plural noun that does not have a determiner or pronoun
in front of it, don't say 'most of', just say most :
BD.

BE. 20. 'resemble' ialah intransitive verb (kata kerja butuh object).
Jadi resemble langsung ketemu 'those' sebagai object.

BF.
BG.
BH.
BI.

BJ. DAFTAR PUSTAKA

BK.

BL.

Buku:

BM. H.F, Johan & dkk. Smart Way to TOEFL. Generasi Cerdas.
2009.
BN.

Internet:

BO. http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat16-tenses-inggris
BP.http://pusattoefl.blogspot.co.id/
BQ.

www.scribd.com

BR.

www.geniustoefl.com

BS.
BT.