AD NUMBER
AD160636
TO
Approved for public release,
unlimited
distribution
FROM
Distribution authorized to U.S. Gov't.
agencies and their contractors;
Administrative/Operational Use; JUL 1958.
Other requests shall be referred to
Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, NJ.
AUTHORITY
PA itr,
6 Feb 1969
UNCLASSIFIED
AD_160636
DEFENSE DOCUMENTATION CENTER
FOR
UNCLASSIFIED
NOTICS:
speci-
Mr. Paznedari/mr35
IN 3ZPLY
R"VFR TO:
7 Ju.'.7: 19,.-5
S?4JPA-VA6
1,UBJECT?:
(,mvp
30 June 1965.
22314
-Availab~e
U. S. Department of Commerce
Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific &
AD No.______
Technical Information
Sills Building
5285 Port Royal Road
Springifields Virginia
-
22151
mXXOther:
PB No.
No.
1, PATH 2510., CY 20
UNYAL
TECHNICAL REPORT NO, 2510
DICTIONARY Of EXPLOSIVES,
AMMUNITION AND WEAPONS
(GERMAN SECTION)
BASIL T. FEDOROFF
HENRY As AARONSON
CUFT
GEORGE D0
1958
EARL F,REESE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGES
Forewordi
I - IV'
1-- 264
-_____205
-308
309 - 345
r-FRMAN
V.
EXPLOSiVr.S. PROPIP..LANTS
APNi RELA.TED~ ITEMS
I .. lj U%&
'
11 0-" .'wrivans .,;ifek.*d gr,";ot ,.horltc If hadt.Ici rustort it, qud-stifutre xplosiv-.
A, I;.t.;t.c
;, of -e which in wrany cases aure it---vi'more e'l-%cenive than those usedI b% the Allie~s. Il' ;, ..c!, s %ii alboutr the preirell1ants.
.I
NI
Nt(
IPeriod eforkr WWI. Iil.cl, p.owdler wan used as ;a pro1,11oilt in.! II.sn exr'osive up to :he eighties whien it wait
rI~ wt:.t for, .I sho'rt periodf by brown pcvuder aloof finally in
,!.1,1/e"i-`i
, -:,roielelon propellants invented by lDuttenhofer.
X-iiirle..hAse tubula~r prorenllant was .ido)pt(-, in 1897, under
I h, ilan'tI-I/f Rl"97 (Rohisrepulver U197n andl a~ Iouble-Kasse
iiiutlar Oropellant (Nitroglycerinpulvet) called P1`.'07 was
A i.o'*f-e' lin I n'~I. In aat,iirion to
rd Gefrmnan% rokdel
shea
a
I alk- ri/rlol-c-nt (ltlattcht-npulver) and1a disk or cube prorc11%nt/ 'V:.rftvlpu!vo.r). As .i filler f or proje~ctiles the black
I--Iv%%.&,tlpicedin 1888 for a sliort pecritsl by picric acid
(1' A .nd
a
then in 590)2 by rNT.
Pvriod of WWI. Dol~eto the %hort.g ir NC. the Germans
C forced either to use single-base propellants or to sub-
A04MUNITION
In .ad.iticor. to these s. e
e pgI
- ives the Gertsoufi
the development of -some ratuoi inferinor explosive's
before VO.if. The'.v, were' callced l.satc-sprengstoffe (qv:
(stobstitu-Ie plnsi-es.
%s teerollants,ahrout 5 -*cars :%efore WV 11, the Germans..caizmd to develop *louble-bas~e propellants which containev.
l)(lN(in
lieu. of N*G) -it!
ir -t.*!heu XC; i'!.:a- -t-:!
superior teo NG powders btcaase being "cooler' they caused
mouchs
less erouio'n of the gust barrels. The .levoilopment of
these propellants was dlone untletr ther directions of General
17toe GaIllw.tx (See ProrpehlantsR).
l1.P%; led of WWII. At the roginaing of the w.%f-*-aheCiotmani. d.%'not experiencea shnotatase of aromatic nitrorompoo.LJdis
amndwe. - able tat use the fo;!owing eirploslvers for hcsmaei.g
'incusn: TNT, I)NB. Is A . cetryl, IINDPhA. rnme alone
and others In admixtures with other explosives:. For untre'wa-er explosives, the Germans incorporated a' a - IS- of
powdered Al in the high extplosives, as had already !een
aiso under Aluminized Explosives,
done by them in WaVI (S~ee
under A-.
Of the explosives mentioned above, all except l)NII may
he considered a' good military explosives. DNB is not as
good because it is less powerful And more toxic than TNt'.
It was used. however, to stretch the supply of TNTZ in amatnl
and ammonal-types of explosive mixtures. TLe comparatively
low mno of I)NR (ca 9e~) permitted its use with loading mixctures cantaining Am nitrate, Mowet. Such nixttnes diel not
e~xude even at tropical temperatures.
Armninr
bvteGrasbfr
T1
e
A
etoe
bvteGrasbfr
TI
e
s'elope'd two of the nloat powerful explosives. KI)X and PETN.
When theae explosi7es became available on an indu~trial
-scale they started to replace the aromatic hitrocompocidis
as bursting charges for various projectiles, as boosters and
as base charges for detonators. V'nen Al powder was inzorporsced in wiscures of RDX and PETN with other substances 'he resulting explosives were the most powerful
and brisant underwater explosives. Ir was by~ -:.a tameof these
;hcthe Germans sank many American and British ships.
The enormous demand for explosives and the shortage
tof raw materials created a situation, about 1943, which made
v necessary to use substitutes interior to TNT, thus lowering the efficiency of their ammunition. These mixtures Aft"
isted4 , and some of them described, under Ersatxpnsoffe
(q ")
The Germans used single-base propellants In small arms
and in somse smalle' Ltans, while double-base propellanats in
which pact or all tht NG was replaced by I)EGII)N (or some7
tifrsea TEVIoN), with or without N'Gu, were uised ;is 3 mm or
a
larger caliber cannon. A propellant of uua rnlto
used for guns, while either flake or disk type wits used in
Ixegan
vmiiiork
'4ch tplo'.iv.' mixtures could he aafely press'
Folloting ate sromefiguesfrnhcmnhlaroutin
cahectiinto' m'rnectilts, such as 2 0mas to: Umm shells -oloin
ar
oefgrsfrth
otl
rdcin
in metric cons of the prina-pal high explosives for the years
I~.laed incto botisters4 for various shell. These mixtures cou -"
1943 arnd 1944'
co r bec:',ise the mnI- 'a of RDX n-' I II-'TN are to
Pitt
,:Germany,
PD1Kept No US15 (a19 TchiclIl5)j,,a
I., ape, PHl Rept No 39,48U (1945). (Schmid -Mejasser Cons in .,ius Nitrators foe Liquid 1:xplosives Manufacture)
26.) 1.N. Donin & J. J. Donovan, Captured Enemy P'ropellants.
'
Div 3, Section If, Final Report Series P, No 10.2
: I'm
2'j.......anson, Manufacture of Phiegmatized PETN at
4 ofir -shausen , G~ermany, PBl Rept No 320 (1945)
281)
V'. Stickland et at, General Summary of Exrlt.sive
PIJ Rept No 925 (1945)
2~)I
Nutting, lDevu-Irinent and Manufacture of liexogen
J;' d
-'
1 1NI
P A'
)0
D14 li
Tetryl
tINIPhA
10
15
10000
RDN
.'1.400
I,!.i*~:"~ant,.
:vr.1mit, Veit & Co, 1.er~pZij
Ret.er,-r.ces!
NltrogJ.
i It.
I(19 H)')
A.~ ,,.
2,1 R. I %ctis
Lvs;?.ig (1,100))Xi
R
~alq2)
~))
zert~l.
1
P~o~e
Veri&
c*s,
3-
&
.;-;- lsmireter, V-it X
(191n
4) R.' !.-:cafes, Nchw.arzpl~uverp \ .
fp. Ledpzig (1915)
Co, Leipz-ig (1914)
Vlavr'~
eit
S) It. Esc:le.:, Nitr..sprer~gstofft. Vcit
C~it. E-.qc:%Is & A. "%tetrl..tche. Initi.
X nd, N 'I (1919)
4'Co, _c ipz.ig (1917)
!iratinschweig
6'a) E.dela. liarnect. Eztolosive.-. Viao N.o..,
7.jndaoffe
pren. V~c.
6b; I.udKst,
\..1 % I (: 917),
(1920~
7) A. Marshall, Explosivest, Churchill. lo,
IkCrlin, v I
3 (193-1)
v?) (1-)
81) K. J. Cranz, Lechrbucrh der Ballistik. Spring- .\
2
\.-r, Berlin
(1925). v (1926), v 1(192-)
9)it. llrunswig. Da) t ..uchloase Pulves. T'. dr (irt.
\vf. re
(192")1
10) P1.Naioumi, Sch~ess- und Srrengstolfe, T. Steink '
.kcn (I,-. "ti"r
11) 1P. N~a'rim. Nitro,.ly~.rin. T~illii.mq & W'ilkins, :.\inle
12) F.LI1..ann Enzykiopidie der techninchen Chemie, %
V1.
ev Schwarzenhrrg, lcrl~n, v4 (1929)
1
13) A. Stett 'acher. Die Schiess. and Spremigatofie. j.A.TA\
,civzi*; (1933)
') C. l3cyling & K. Drekopf, Sprengstoffe und Zundmita
I
jSpringer, Berlin (1936)
1 -) it. Feuchtinger, Praxis der Sprengtechnik, Vien un *1
Lt .azig (1937)...4)
15' T. L.. Davis, The Chemistry of Powder and Explosives. ,
J. %,ife y. N Y (1943)
a1.rtbaclher, Protar 9, 33'.45 (1945)
16)
17) 1. J. Phillips, Picertinny Arsenstd Tech Repra Nos 1282
(194.') and 1456 (1944)
18) 1 -%on. Collective Data (,n Foreign Explosives, P11 Kept
No 11 544 (1944)
19) A. or, Physical and Chemical Investigations of T-Stoff
Solutio ', LcPt No 597 of the I r Farbenindustrie at Oppau,
144. (U S Office of Technical Services)
Ic,
Augur..
19a) IH. it - L. Metz, Chemische Utatersuchuag der Spirengund ZUno i~offe, Viewest, Draunschweij; (1944)
20) L. P'..jtring and W. Srhaurr, K*- --uanidine (Ger.nany),
PIJ ept1,, 16665(1951
21) L. Nt 'ing, Nirroccliulose Mr tufacture at thi. Kriinin *1
A-C ,PB16.66
Ie~~(945)
~
Plant of Di .amit A G
HRp 'o1,6
(95
22) D. D) 5 tier rand A. A. Siains. n, flexogen Manufacture at
FabIAiBobtr. ten,l'B Ktept No 4272 (1945)
;erman Vow-ie' Development
23) Nov Ord Kept No 43-45,
from 1918 to *942, P13 Kept Ne 47,059 (19,0) (Translation
uide thediationof
inus-auingof he hok y ~
uide thedit
Lnus tionofulin, ofthe ook y U
6.al1witz, "Dic Geschiitzitadunj '. which means "Propielling
C:oarge for Gun&", Derlin (1944)
24) C. If. (Inoo. et at, Hexar irodiplier.ylamine Manufacture
V..
~ ilir1I
(Get III
.. .ti,:.
.*.-~,~
,
214,2~ ~,
38,Abbreviations
Usee in Reference+
28-1-,
2H-ii,, 286. ~.1*2~
28-01,
28-~
-6(., 24)-l0 29-12, 29.14, 29-17, 29-18, 29-26,
-921 P) 2.
"I- ', 29-2,
29-3(4, 29-3"): 29-44, Pi.l 5,
z')-s,
2016 'a , ii-zi,
'
101",5 1.2
301'i-8410,91-,, 3j 15:8
11-53, 3114 4!-S5,
I~,
41-V' i-.I-ofl
il-73.
1 .18 .II12,
12-131, 1221,21;Q011. Q-48. 12-6l, Q2-64, 32-60.
'.)-'l~1-u,'- I1'-! 0. 33-11.
i
~~~'.~li-1
1 211, 1;-.#, 11.43, 1-11 and 1(OColver
No)n. P~eft. ft'u.rwterke.rej. teschosszrinder, Reichs-i.,r ;erei, Berl in 19 1$)
54)
Krup.p
1Loreerbuch, l)eutrl,-l;ra..t-Ltsjch-Englipchs,
1. leil: Feld-, (,ellirgs- unu F luga wehritesch Utz, Essen
A 1.F
Anort
FIA
Field %IntellgneAny ehia
F(19el42a)a
Ger
Gorgoni
GovTt
Government
(;t Br
Great Britain
MU
hsMjsysSatiu
Ofc
MOisiasy'Sttor
fic
Marshall
Marsliall. t..%plosives, tCfurciiiili, London, vI & 4
(191"), vi (1912)
Md
Maryland
Pt
flat or 1
PH)
:,i.
1,
Barnet
Rr
Cbos
lnvi.
1) C
ripj
Naval Ordnance
ational Defense Research Council
Jersey
New York
Office of scientific Resaim~h And Dievelopmnent
',jNew
0SRI'
P
Pjic Ar~ll
kept
'..
I'M
I N1l
Pvnn..% lvain;A
'atent
P'ublica.tion Boa'.rd (tif ctic 11 Office' fi IcclhracAl
scrvice%)
flicarinnv Arsenal, Dtt,~cr, N
Ite-ort
eitschrif'(i kj dais gcsam:e
'%chieng- und -ifreng1
s-offwt-ere;
Technical Manual
nitertr'nuni',rfrad"
I njird hoat~es Patent
volume
,.Von
Remarks
This compilation has been made with t~he Otiject of
providJing a ceadv reference to the subject matter c-vered
bvmeans of an alphairetical arrangement. In general.
or.!y sufficient information is furnished for waderatsndina
of the principles, meaning of terms, Pfrieess, mechanica,
layout etc. Numertiou references to original sources are
provide
o
hs
ekn
oedrie
n~,ai
Classified informatioin has been carefully exciuderd. Howevert. a few classified references have been given to
permit further stu-y by those %vi+b asushorized access to
such sources. N.- attempt has bien made to ir.claide all
data and information available tn the Urdoanene Corls
I
hu'b
oe
htteueo
h
eilwt
abs.weviations, in the tablt% and at the end of 4sentences
was, in peneral, ornitteJ where this co.:.; !L nne withour causing any difficulty to the reader. However, a fiction
was used at the end of each dictionary ;,em ito indicate
the conclusion ci-he item.
by on, last minute changes and iiisertions were mada
byDlr Fedoroff and nor editcd. For faulty punctuation, poor
or irregular arrangements. he assumes th. responaibility ar.1 hopes that tie sense of the text is clear
ringlish
inorrnia
Dlue 'n t#.e sh. ralte of funds for this dictionary. vvor%
eafort wis maide to keep the tYPing and printing coasts qs
o- 1 .oaausibls.. For this rewton the lower cust varityping
'outside cntrotict) was used mn-..,d .fi the better but more
expensive linctip.rng
verywhere._
It i% hoped that the General and Analytical sections
of this project, "A Dictionary of Fitplosives, Arvaruniticon
and Weaporsa", will be linotypeul and present a better appearance than was possible to date.
NOTE
The General and Analytical Sections referred to in the body of
this Section have not vet been published. It is expected that preparation of the General and Analytical Sections will be started early
in 1958 with a publication target date sometime in 1960. Data undeeach letter of the alphabet will constltitte a separate report.
The General Section will cover American and British explosiven,
ordnance terms and a short resume of American and Britihl ammunition and weapons.
The Foreign Section will include explosives, ammunition and wealions of countries other than U S and British, i e, German (this ;ection).
French, Italian, Japanese, Belgian, Czech, Spanish, Swedish, Swiss,
and Russian. Only the Russian Section has been published to date
as Picatinny Arsenal Technical Report No. 2145, February 1956.
The Russian Section is classified Confidential.
0? l,.i.,
"A"
'*
..
*.lt..V
fil- lti
.,js.f .1i. Sxl~l(,iit-. It a%
li eC!,. bye A. 'crtt)ibacher.
Splrenlr-in-l
ltsi~i
t..-rl
-rv~-,
.
Acetylens "Acetylet.
'i' -- a-
.eutri
.1 tc f~ilebl-s,,:s
sit- tis,..
sitt v%.;
t r
Raetei
~.rite-~.2,
lo.L4I *;-i-*-li
i, I ii
anImvrvVIActto..heIh
of%. ie..
angt
fititIinc)
'
Iter
trI:,lc 1iul 11.ii1
I'l
I %.eI
.;i tii r% r-E kv ( Ilt:
fiti. In
!~I op N(.%!Pt it,
.
r~Ic~lItitiz
ot I i~clwi
slS dae
for ri
'I
4.kllilad*s,
1.. 1 %14e
-t..
* . 1-,
I
!: ...... .e.ImIn tem
i !'ln
.- .s
:..out .
!
.
!,-d.
itW
t ictMttti.
4~
ofal" tst,:v ,-i,
.1 " ! I Il *t. (t
S -t%. 1
*1hei,
e,
t,it
*.ll r p. t
A-- di
"in-, on. Il I' tY 11;
fi x r-,ktt
f i I icsi
' Al,1 t ,Ic tV
*..I
wt1 '11 - . i Aft Iii i~ve:,1-. Actnivte
.init NC.kl
- ro
%lan, ra~tro v in A
pe l'it-arbnn,
-.
ii-sr
I .W
wn-i
~'
~it'.1
~ ~
lThe A-1
-()i II-. ift! was, .'5 It I.,i
in.! 2'
oin .iann*ttr.
f. t Let is I.: jet ly ii. sentwd, mqnlr
%'-.
Tim next A rorlhvt.
ha! w r,, det ye loc -I ati I 'It-n.
Itt
tnaewl Ie ,Iv1,4 A-S, A-C A- ', A. Mi,
A -1 and! A- M ., wi-ri- ,urt'lyex pieri mental~ . Aiwm.in- them
sthel, f thet UI A
A-"' and, A- Ii ,%%re tittmleiit' for In.ilirdIwen:
'I I
A.-" wa s initniL !,. it be'
.irr je.
ileft 1,% thil A- 1. i-r i'.v
fit Ic rtll
pul1.se
of t
tfafrtrs-At lainti if irll.
Retfereni C: 1. lIfi--aJr .(-ujidvJi
,ts~jivs, It~n-Lats, awl. icrpfe4t'ts. L othrol, k' t ....
S .M2..
A2-i
A-4
sI
I,.ittStt.is
iRt-ckit .
(H
''t**i~'
\-,
~ .1T~iiil--.*-t
Vk IN,,N
~(
l'%-)
.Cartri.pirg
,At
"AV' Fuseheads) werte low rtensin-n futelieads
att
.I- ski4titut-'s onrthe N; 3' fuusehead,. offer
.!i,i
i ttiu (called
c'ii btain ceniuqv - matf'ntsiut,.
!i.neIifficul
it
klist.hnet.0l). oine of ther essential ingredients of C; 3.
'llt' A6 fuselhcaidn we're nianuld by dippimip the tip oi -i
I-ri-lj~e %%irt- smictes-;ively into the following compoi-tions:
.)First dip composition consisted of dry Ill picrate
ill,. (iarrile
andsilkor
7J to
m~on I I
')1 iio
n
1atcesize
0to40(iuan)r
sultspirde.I in Abhout 7N nilof a 2-. soln of NC mn i.s.,' or
Ihutv..ice'tate. After the coating was dry, the br.id on the
was dreinoteI~iyrti
t'r i ,lgjvie
V. into
ire
the
dirr-.e
10-con.I lip composition which consistrd of dry Pit
ricratte Sog, Ill, chronmate I~g and silit.rtn (size 20 to
-it; miicrons)1Sg, suspended in About 75 ml of 3'c soln of
NC in tiny[, or butyl
7,c dried ' d4 was it p
into the
r) Third dip compostirior. which was. a lacquer -onsfilling
of A Is'. so~n of NC anl 75/25 - hutyl acetate/alt ohiil,
it, whichl wais Added 204f
Sipalin ASIi (methyl-ucyc lohexs'l
ester iof i.Iipic Aicid)I calculated on the dry iweight of thie
NU. Then ctil dried becad was- dlipped into the
Tiv-
alsc~ute of Abgangussura
Ansonachif
w.k- .,lter
4 lianyel cc) N6.twilh or
I.. rock -..all It *al Na bit arlionaite *'
..f %on.' oilier Act iv ,, he ihsp we'rr:
but thisi
She.athi
\f
Mt.
No.
NC
10,.6
21.01
I2.
10.4;
it
N J( .1 %A 1iiicarbolatini
151
tf
-
itigott n itropgly. .I I
t51
1heciiiott-i
kit%-ets
S .
,.,i
H8
-0
Aerial
Balls
4p';
rj*r
'; Ito
StrSke
Fin-
.14
A and0
'r 09C()41
iSPrtehiAeilriis
50016~Ala
PC1Ml
rIM
'ande
0 091Mehanca
Arii itrstFue a/s ue
par/Achue'~rs
ad p-tfah
11)(SO
A tn
condaenersn
ior
1:1
bms(p 11
Ae
trvisIletacstIa.'Th
ia It
'rst Iue
EfZt M
~al
*ateri
bustfnctioning
rThe Shomter M uch as fi. dj
teI
fromlC thd ACMtungeSr anlhelngrJea))o
plncr
I~flboth pnical% we,,rie charged thue
wshr dselay
the .
i9A p
6)IZ /
butt
itres
'2.n,I
.')
qis,*,lF.eti,
and),
%Astwli ce aomsln
asteig
l,.crci
A,.)j lU1i',
I~)
Au*
enialperson
Fuel
n
'Incen )ur s
twoatoa
firomt t
th
tvou lunge r wyha
ingthoee ignyintervinite
cofdenser
c oriv
resasltwo . Thtgier
brider th eA pI h
w-td in soona as
rsthen bom to givte le2ft thea .eircr.a
initiating~~uze
funvcthoed.
rho Ah
two
innters
174-15)
tdtc(pp
and (7)
dc
photoflash
dte5gue
Sj.tI)(1)
bobs restble
in
p 174-C
8)t
H)
n
8))Cok
atetchi
describe
wenreutonde
lonzer th bot plunges
frolth woro
folunwin
4ctia
i.1lw
F ze
andw arietinone
ok.
ra
us
orinppic1r7i5-7~
aend~
burs
tlry
aft delay
I
as plonpersett
requthd
were charged,.
t32'
shor
-e is..2,."y
b lunger
chsargedlthe
ifuncionge'deand ioivwas
* buts thze ('.9)
6 901,~l l9lecri An4W.E
lcrarial Hurst E~Y) F~s
us ex
inS.26bm
n
nsm
aaht
vaiu
obpna
lrs
ifrd(Pyrotechnic.
n used in
21~ 29
belwceaoonw)t~einieet
1
9 Fthtic p Aerial
(.9 Aerialbuand (79)cAlEluetia
s
i'
ue
5)
1*IcrclAr1)ely)
ur h
rtaTmecu.z lae s
n
M)(119).t89)l1
Aeria Hurs
(89D C
*cwrim
F.*is u rst
F.se ar ze sidescribed
on
l17
-7
t h )&.followin
96Eecrical
aodr
burst fl turse (Sre
Time
inze
used in~8(1942e paileut
fs
an.9 in VIC
aoois
obweec
in i.iifjhp
nd otad
ks
dixch.92,
tube.,3 tw c dese
areitace
~ ~~
~~
~~s
-140'i t~d
01 'ita,-till
I n~ r'n. 'I'h
third, smaller
heliev (
I,;i 1,
uscif for tetn
the s low
ulle. : 4vort,
t~1i,g the flare, the charge
11mo"tlitne paqed
)I ough the pluneter into the
.4.rgif-:n~ris
Il *
-h,%r,:e'
Own, b,,4owy leke
pln
I~'hfg
ws
ver
ir
to0
fiting condense. At t
V
-- t i5 built lip on one plate
I:'.trjge tube. When the char~ge,
and through the igii
J. ',%-~
aw,
'.'
*ther pslate nf the di,.chargc
t~hc
11
ut
ttlI of the gas, tie vurr,:rt
se
, 4 thlotigh the tul
..it,' igniter bridge whtich then
tI~ie the *Iuick-nmtcl, train s'hicli (irea the burster
4 1li.rte,,i t:e IIi
io
hotostat bomb. The function
the
'kAl3
flarw
(is
*'tm
of~
asmi
o. cnesr
r
D11:
~~7 PO
BLACK
.,
PELLETIll,
FLASH
COMPOI~tONthan
DELAY MIXTURE
Z..69C1914
IRASS WASHER
**under
A,
~either
0
If -
*and
-
41r
P/ , q ers
general section.
and
mlcondenseri
(See also
IGNITER 3R0DG
2) Barnet%(!9l9),pl9 5
References:
1) F. Ullmann, !rnzyklop~die der technischen Chemie, Urban
& Schwarzenhberg, Berlin, v 4 (1929), p 788; 2) A. Pirex-Ara,
Tratakdo de Explosivos, Cultural, La Ifahana (Cuba) (1945)
p 218.
~Alley
,4*1
WI
4. *I.',
(45
(il
I.
1,i
"
41
l'tri'l - .41S~in'
h1
't-
I s.4s , 4 (R . 2 ). %I
tcr it w a A
.it. I I I. %IIsri.e.snoto1
s,6i.41A i .Irictii~nlarnl
tIst.
's114'11
tisc-l in, usslect 1
s~ I...~. is
:.'riu.1sis~ ftc
-.I' tlseift underwteri~r
41
I'sAtls.isitsdpi~s '. ..
*~~~~~~~~~~~
.. ,~.
s i,,i~s~u.:IM'
45
'....IXINII
hA 2-.4l .and, Al.
liii'l.me idea. W.1%1sil ls.ed in
114
.- ,h)s I(,. VI'
ti Iss.
ki.dou
sre .11 isiss ttss.c is, thseir l4,,nit asnd \%,Vit'X
ploi . i. .s..s liri~isin ind tis. I S A4 .in-,v inicluded Al
i5, issdl-rS'. intt cx'losivv%, %ucs is. rs'r 1 .c. ."ssl *Irifossi-an
A:.
i..*~t-e
I Srini ii I. U Fts. [let- I tal iasn% sri. )a1 ntsptin
ils
sih iiivc.
.. ,.
,.. it,
.n~ilse
(.*ristnoo
1
ominp:
Sisictr
nthr(rnn
it)
sss.crs~te
dtII.%iv *.itsiit.h
tdI.. .. lIXI
A 2 10.
i R4
hs.5.
~ssn~
~t~s'~gtt
~
~~IhI
4.1I"P
4
sn
sss1
(sers.s inn IisTi'z.isxl''.sV...si..
*.r hrn'AI saI.
i
S "4.
-6 14--i
'-I
q.d 1), S,_'.7-.*
I-. V!4 ands.
F-e.lwsieoir,iptisitiow,.sar
ivtn usnder hr~s.szsrisstosflt (St'c. .0%4,s
As..rosn. lierc lavit It, .slNjtr4.l~attinlt *
4osr woeis...nf-irsinatiosi ,see Alumninivssl Exp~lo.sives. in thes
s'sSr
Iist e issnl.)'.
l4,'fsrvsirsez:
IsI A. '.ftsitl'.mhesr. I 'rtssr 9.
H Mlurassisr. i J'is, .2I.
I.
OwIs~.
st.': Art I r
5).. 'cs.'th-clsv'Ir,MSrressA.
I I.MIrIS91II
1.~I.(l~
22.
.II
.Jn~l ~ciss
Aluminum.Chloromethyl Mixtlure.
Aluminum Minel. Sct
OftTM~5'LI '8'2 093)
fii.s
)5i~
. A4ltissaimiz'es
Itf-.I4.MOUr. 1insich
Sev~cMt..'lsii *sI.
unde~r I.j.cssd:asins's
and .54..si
-Ii
~~~~~
ETH I'cnt~arrytlsrjtisl
umen
Innitrostol
rgv
RDX
teir.inittre.uo
lVinitrilbenzc.ne;
(cyismite;, TNT
Pleferenact's.,:
proe".I-4
Ambeult ( Ainst rite ).C qe of lit~m coln 'splsns:tolslm colitf
C'OMM Is..
,unfcosttonf
I4,11A for K nitralte I14).prar~ffin
~l~tunsswig.
,.05,
Dayi rauchlosse
Amldpulvtr
References:
Ammont orbon it
f~
1
*,I
).3 irf-w,:t, A.
I,.
vi.3t.,
.J'3.
;-I:
Am,-.r.n
I-.. %1.1
pre-
il%:.
AlIlIt~I t
.iii0
C',
jo)itil
I
Ammimiuj3I
.lliImlI3
,T rims liItt
33%l
v
')13%
A.
Nitroglycei
in
.3%
A~lkali
'A
11.
.arg .'rof
A.'
\.itonil,
:,IJ,.ridt
()x
IIV
!I3lIll3.3e(See
.3113
i.
:'',.3
i
I rjuI~i
..
A-,frecs
A
1928), r
.
;-I
~ ~
3)
i~uI
ir)~3crn
I1)1.
1 l1nianse11.IFlez~o.11je.d.
r.
Coflidealet~k
?t
(l191).'1, -NC
.1yrifl.33te
iitraite.
.iI'133nierui!
ctillotIo~n Ci41tt333 _'.0. %%Ilqkf
.3fl,3Uflt
of
(Amenoingelatin)
Cotton
2: l)NT
13.333'4.s.33)
I.31l
Lnow
lni
3 Il.3fli
11un
#%3
v5
and4
Aiii
Insi
rs
susiirt,nit@-%,
u3,tetftF-
typ
"-S, Al
*lnc
-asse
Nchcli
k3*fl*
Li i'
'titi
f.*i
sl
.ii
s i
Ii**
I -U
l%.
else-3 n1311333333
Ii3%
1~3f
r53,
n twerml.i33y lq-f..rt
r~efl%t,3fte. ?-ctlf~l33tI
:)l.s.~tvttjjacIl
j'~
r, 'iehic's-. aii
i~)
(Jlrcylin,.
OIcden33
& K.lDreLopI.%llt%3131
:19416), pp, 9).1-0
unit
,:ure.fInstif-.I
S *~
srr*%'injt'f, llerlin
1
.1
Lee' .1.1-41 0
.'
-Is
.,
'l~
I) l.Naue'ri.
I'llefrI3.iI
A.
3l.*
I
0A
133,34114-
1) D~avi..,)I
ma
r
hve
I If l . 3Wt
Oxyswo11.hoie
Njtrc.j:I%t , fir I I
q
toy.13.,.rirt ie . I I.
A%
.. 1
'j
i~
l~ ii ! s-.
I3sit A
oeelra
%%3Og,~
Ii#
iej,
tn '1
oti.lan
01111141.1
stemsem3il.si
sv 3tif.t it,
it.~3ansi31.ac 1turl 1UP
tlf i
i~tO
4T
Arms i ...
4.11 1Hi.
.r
,.
ii1jcl
ifl.l1
-.l'1 -.i N-I, in.ISe*' LOS tI Rep
tiv
it3*
irt3.5 3
sfli.% %3f.no-iu
''nitI A3~i
3'
13 33fjT I limes
*%pl*ic lec,
3%-
fo -
3'
I~c
1.
4.t
I xj-i....so...
~~~~Vrsh~ahi.
it
WII
3
I..332
.t.T
f I il
j 1mVi
t, .1
otra
tottol
33.o
.I,,,:0.1i,
Aar.gf111it
-a)
NIittds!lyoet i3i
3
Aii'r0i,3i
131113.1
313tT13t
'ml"1111111
Table1
mmic proprti
lter
of
permflissible
1.5-2.5. *-,.llo.iion
nitrate 1.1-f'S
MRef I ).
Note: The Am nitraete may he repla~ced by Na nitrate to tlat
extenlt of H.V; of she, entire estplonive ant4 the DN~Clll mai%
Ibe replaced by NG to the extent o -1"; Allthe entire explos5ive.
h) Ammongelotine .Al explosive permitted after UV I for
use in P'russian miig I)NCIII (of which for, to ". of
ti ii.
the total extnlstive ma~y h~efetnIlacet by N'(0
collodiin cottonf I to 'I. Am nsitrate *1, to) 5)(, .tlkai nitfrite
tof3luene aodc,or~ nael.t'hnie~
I1)to 15t. it na~rocoempoundflll
and, or diphenylamine 6 to 12, vegetable meal 03 tit
(Ref 3).
c) Deuusche Aminongitatine ONCIII, colntaining l11-20"A
of NG (st-ch a mixture wasl called Nitrochlorin) 301,
collotdion rotton ' . mixture of I)NT .tnd TNT 10, Ant
nittate .15. Na nitrate 10, wood meal 2; deirsijty 1.45.
velocity of detonation ON0 an/mec31 Trauzi :est value
at NTI1 771 1/k$. L~eat of ex
4003 cc, Afol of gamse
plomion 1101 scul /kg, temp of explosfon 257(11l. specific
~3
3%l~~
~llt-erA~3najtr~e~th
rsovutirtExlies7vAminl-eesyfs4:ti
,
I
vwo
ermssbi
AtesnHlflt(mo-oeie
explosiv3ie used aifter V11 . suchas: al Am nitrate -HU
i..
h nitra3te~ '.1). Alll ehlolti-le 34.1. nwal1 ".t0. NG 4.1 le,
in 3. ltl At fl~t'iW
S2pce
61.'.Nanutrit 30 meaul t-svau.
13.t?
.1' alnceoolm
el,'sgyei
irie3o
011.N
Trau7.l
M.5
C.*1.(f;; oxy~w bt ic
a.iIlai chloride 2
Naou an.Xitrog~lycerin (10I28). rp 414*-5
tenst value 2,15%cc
Ami~npulver I.Amisnl,w.lnwet) 4 prorellant first manufActured
in 1839(0 in Austriai by inco~rpora.ting Anmnitrate NS with chatctu. 15" .nd co)mpressing the mixture intol l--e pellett.
to a1 densmity of about I.[. It was used Juristi IM1 hercthe
Austrians .and I'ermains as aunulstituter (fo XC propellant And
hlalixtite and wap, clainsed to 'w veryeffective and prActirAlly
smokelemss, flashle~ss. 3nd e'oesio,,lems. (In the other hand.
it waes found toehe difficult to ignite. pave ftirir~Iu
hallisitics nd had .i tendency to disintegrate ton stoelape Aluer
0
to allotropic change in the Am. nitrate at 32"s PY F I. In order
1 2 of the
1.3
to
only
tit,, nunimize irregular ballistics,
propeiters; charge consisted of1 Ammonpulver. the rest beint:
ItNC urfro.-llant. In order tot protect the Am nitrate atomse
mi.~spheric moisture the pl-lets .ere nomhetimetst enclosedl
in a3box made elf thin sheets (3f louble-bame propellant (Ref I)
Note: Accordling to D~avis (Ref ill, Ammonptulver contAineJ
%.mall amount of an aromatic nitretooenpowres in addlition
to the above listed components.
The Atpaonpulver descrit'eal by flerhat MRef 21)contaitnedi
Toble 2
I Pe, i,,nation o(
--
a.m'
.-
,,
VI
iA
1
.14
1,
.ra1ia Tli('%
".At
V,.
1;."
l(
nitr.att.
T.,.
1.afligraft'.
14.0J
t;
: I< I z"-
NT
.
I.V
I.J
I.
-0..-
I~~~~2)(
t-I
I ut.ll
a,
aI
'..ale,
a .,tIing "1..,,iperamtur.
.? it i'r i. t' s
r'a-' g
.t
xM 1ii. E fi.ev
l~l
IIO
;11.01
*I
,%
lI.
g :
211,13
""
Uo.1
1..6.0
10.0
51(
..
-e
.
140
30.
30.0
1.0
15.0
,.1.m1,
1'm
-
htitIoa.llinv: ivonsit,
59. "44-5
arelt.ltkdl'
11-2
O01
20.0
.I
I,
-.-
lm
10.0
*9
l ;10"
-
No .
55.01
1.1
O .S
.%a ;tiIig
No.
:%$-
11-
a-
10.0
-~,
f1%
.4 1I)P
I9.
I, ..
.14.4 11.111M.0
.
dll0
2n
.nmonit-e.No '
III
51 0
N.i01
112
. r
2`11.--0
*a.i
"X
-"
,
*
1105
shells.
I-015-1
)
1i- 3)
1) (,.M. Talinlerro., I'icatinny Arsenal Teclmakl Peport,91"2
(1949)) (2U mm Rheinmetall CRA)
i) V.11. Iwarn, ibid, IU53 (1940) (O mmn Soleahur (:RA)
5) A.B. g.-hilling. ibid. 11(11 (1912) (105 mm flow CRAP
G,) A.D. .%hilling. ibid .1221 (0964) (Omm
-AIC IIM CRA)
7$ A.IB. Schilling ibid. 1231 (1943) (50 mm AIII'1 SC CRA)
8) H..i. Dennis, ibid, 1242 (1943) (20 mm AIlIIV CRA)
CRA)
Utcr 7
ar
I
~.1 'l'n3'':
ft'I
Isae
~ *'.'.'lill,,..
3,T3 hI Ia it Y'lln
~'IAll)
S
* 3')A.3.)n-.aja~a~,,
i0)
fl.,i
I*
I''
(3~
1.I
32
nIII:
I .3( *1 A
I(
(33A
~aizr
NoluNa1d
(9l
u
3:1ot:
HiI;jieI9
(TA)A
3.1 ;983 (19-1) (375 n...AlII3F
I3A
1.).S..rhii.mw 1)3.) 3422, 3.11)
1`il
7 mm AP.Ill ; I'ItAhr
\I..r)
1.1
tvA.mi~ il-d,
,2
N14 M ni I
IA(
Mtr
Ollotildng
t!".T
M Ltuvr gun)
I
Al).Sciinhg,
'I)l'Gl3ter.<,
RIM
rvlct-
I-A.JaI~verlaiI,
hr~;HwIlwt~;H
5*frne.IS
ia
et11
(14)
eec:31ISbn!Rp 33 14)
p24
p24
!n -ill gunli
51) lA.(.llaverlak, ibid, 1418 03941) (10)5 tint Mi hot-Typi: C
1.0 -,hell CRA)
52
.. Iivcrlik-. ibid. 1503 (31045) (75 mm Ill" 11olf CRA
for kw K 10 un)
*71A~ll.she
ll) ig
Ibd390l (1954) (30 mm III: and Inc shell
f70th A.H'(: 1l1lfi~cng.~ C~f ',tajd
71) rinon, I(nemy tiomba and puzes, War Dept TtM-E9-1983
(1942)
72) Anon wJ,n
bmy '),nat
aterials inventory l.1st, Ammunition.
13ureaelladqamrsAF
(1945)
,)
Ainon
Rlecadq
ituara ladoo
Ammunition,
o
era
Supreme
lratlquartera
Handboo
(194rmn5).
:4 uremeleaduarersAF(I95).very
(ot:
A I'catnnyArsenal rotsexcept No 1903 are Uanel~slefwood)
-elrkcet
A Arofpiecini
.53t
!nangle
ser
Ti-a
aldh
jii
Antwirhdoawal
dev0e
Puelatehnsl
Srtctv
fue obs
ro
to prvn
er
wihraao
heetps
fschfzs
(
aintoth ) e
gane wthichwas threade
hfewoul
An attempti eie toprvn withdrawa
esged
e r
eulr
a
tm
sWcri
rbae
ofsgna
ausZ
ceguserthemsee
)etr~
.:~
C(IL~r-
.aana~
MVIC~
vwcre* %IJ.artert.d desqig'vnj.
the
w ightfun.pNefa
Ithe farC~atu sheo.pn
Ily emPlnyinp the aarrowheaaldeanth
ila4,3)O
Witsa alsout halt the conventi
(IhI.Apy shell. l)ue
thnlighthnesr, it war ponsaible to
*levelul.
very
hi h velocitien and hsigh a'rm-n. isent.tiun ati uhbot rlniiies. 11aC
was, 11 exver, Very aaa1aC06rare
air fix~ru~sauu
h
penaetration taole wa in a.zahI ira comparison~
4 ii er (See OIno ITipereal. hore (Gtn fa mjttcri~c).with the Sun
cm PzpI'latr 40) anai 75 nn ('.5
cm~ I'z~r~atr 41)
vnijhi&a
care to I-icrt
J
LI$~oe,.
Gone(41.7
~ ~~~~pro!
..-. J
Iarrowhead
22!2)
1)
E'.Engleaaburg, 4 rdeaaoawsSergteaunt
%liay 1944,
Arnora,
Tecchnicall
APJE
P/as/i
pap 311.12
pp 1.'3, 17-'
TILE
S/iee
(Core
AE/?0~D
W
A
W
H . / E C TI LA
hi
aa-/F
ULL:
A)M~k
1)
c rdyi~ir~txhen
l~mr ,rndr~itliewii
',chritren dci
ILt
co$naice
;,.iltaifer Oesbo
Ak.-Jvmie Ler 1.,iftf,kIirrforsdi1n1 ,.
Di
xur Enivictruieiur,
I.Kutrzwveg,
KI:tttt-t~u-itungtot
iDeutscheri
Hu
I
2)l.l ifltii 1~ti.t-ii ReserchiIitil
U
Qin) I11 J.
.oha.tcaoe
n
&;UAcoin li ii.ilol
prjciew.t%-so vo~,clled a Moodie Shell. A projertilte
caliber ant, *ltout 7(-u min long (Cotmpare -srh ltlichling
*Anticonctete 11tojectilel.
Proectle)wasi
,Secalsot~.ssne
CesnerProjctie),of
AseeAls
*.
'11
i.
________________Artillery
.*Artillarle
Table 3o
(.o~apos ition (I.) and
Astrul;r I
Astralit 2
Asrralit 3
Astralit .1
Astralit0N
somie properties
A..-.*mununitrate
TNT I DNT
Vegetable meal a
TNT 4 MNT 4 nilp170
*
-
7.0
1.0
Paraffin oil
2.5
Oxygen Hlslance,%
Trauzl Tesst, cc
Pitlblock Crushaing, mm
sensitiveness to
~~Initiation (requires)
Propa~zatiors in 30 cm
80.0
68.3
0079.0
12,:.0
1.0
(Ito -coal
Velocity of lDetonrn/sec
aOrion
De-nsity a. Cartridge
hetoflxplossion,
heal/ks
Temnperaturti of Fs-
11.
17.0
2 .700
2.72.
1.01
;~______+ 0.5
25
-375
-390
16 062
--
No I Cip
12.0cm
No 5 Cap
8c
-
4900
5400
1.0
1.09
1006
-957.
2170
-2220
______
plosion, 6C
Au
,Ingll.
See T-Stoff,
(;er I I
Ato.'.d
St~l~tofwosw~s~of.*,,p
'ezw.,I
..
,g
iaii.
.3.4 A ve'vicl,* 12- tonx, 66* wide And 4' higli provided with
* .4w ,minder engine*(in the rear), a radio And a space forr
the-'dInver. Alter, Ioetdinij the vehicle with poso.te .engnhgtion
;,." Fes, thmedriver took the car Via:a speed 30 mph) asth
luse- .&.%Possible to the target naarllcd for 'iestrction
*sucha .as A bImvled wire, roo~d block, pihox, bridge. etc.).
1
' f"l'("l tile-' de*lm'mijtian Charges, met th ting fus and then
riasliad I'Act.. 'hehc
vehilerts were easy targets for the
AIes a~re'iw'
vrlep
e,,,I.1.
3,iS
I4.
-11o (Bochemn 349 Misseilvi. See Natter Ila 3.19A and
~3allistisc'te
test
(nmodifiedi
1Tr.itI
The Purpose of this round wait top indicate, the exact lorcatIon
f ahit y mans of a Puff of smoke (produced an igrnitio
tile Phosphtorus).
;f
Refervence:
A. J.Dere. Ordnanre Sergeant, lDec 1943. Pit ?!
ieeh
under
section.
Rallintit or WPC/89 (lturfelpuilver,144)
(cube Pomwder of
hbhW1,)
(l.Alhistitvi.Iark grey propellant consisting of equal
razts. of %(. And collaodion cotton torether with UJ.56 ton1'. of
l)I'e:~
.nm
as ~'ameltm.'It
aoptd in188 by he erma
N Iv.t-b'~sercemive compositions were introduced in 1189".
sol %ko...
tel,. &*~itookun~etimet oil RIOC /W avid
%%herv HI' staunds fo~r Rohrenipulvt'r (tul't powder) ,Marshall.
viI11)
p 103
Bondivich Pulver was prepd I'v commpressingr the Schultze
P'ulver into #.rains o.f high density
I..Gody. *rrait4 dees
Matierevs Eixplosives, Nanmur. (1907). p 469.
ilangolore
Torpedo
(In
general svction.
Ger 112-
I lot
1I
%v11.iii,
Itq 110
I:
~\
'.1%
AN4
isIiI~l~(1121
..
.111 UX.1.sq* I,
t
II.t:
.~~d
aN *
ti.0., sos
1. i, lra.~.z.I
ll-in0to,
ro4
till;
.irb.ki.p it-,t Value 31
l
2i
hioteri.,m
~~~~~t
I I ~
* ~ N..I,%,d
a
do *
rA roR
*I
ii*
W.s.tidt
pt:
550thog
solto.
J) fte
t 2,coligte cntntsof ac shetwere
as
:rred :olmit propei cntrtbeowr dish. Theryeing
I rnsfe
lide toth smedish,
rid
. t ws
.lfflontof
plant.
auatrn
odeoao
a hnsn
whc
edpesdi h odn
eoe
AadSrnklsll
Preisfaure exceedJs; abiout 900 Lg.!cn. (about 12."hollJpsi)
sttenconditions. Ilerfcl dry L A can stand
dependiet
higher pressurest wrbout leving duad-plresised, but 1. A Ton-
it mit 1, . . It .0- r, -i
i,toot I~I~
.c.. m. .iir.t.i'
it. -tif
~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~
~ ~.,r
~~~~1Ie
'c.L
teIl..L
,.,..i
mii.uitmiI4pnh
~c
Siou (Ili.1sr
lipobe
8106ccono xyd
Bleinitor'If
( L.inI
iI
1--.t
1*a~\t~i
Olcioxfodul
`-iv
'
I,
.'t
the
It .
it11
vt
..
~~rs~r~I
)-rivrl
Iet'.
.1.
4-m-e!i~
ce-1".
d...j
C'11.6.A .I %etc~
Lt 66613.4
0~t.
I4 2*'..*t
1;
(,.Aslccrkdft
et
al
netpt-o
oi
isor
C m
rc
ec
Bleiosyduloxyd eL~.iIeiead
3lepeosy
r6..I.63I
.36*
lirldt.It
ill
e
.. 2 k-
-met abisut t.
p,.jrevide.1 withll.
061111.
3 r6. slien
%
liut unctt-rmal. Icy pto mni* 3WI I- it it fiune.
tc.dithr with .a rol,'jia .. tropr~er (.Abls~ut I
a ti an-Im
HAu,hlcinfto a vvluindrjcoal sieve. Ill
iArna 1-y to, Jt-i.,
provideda with .1 -.ilk cnc,.ve.1491oh, I'MO
IWft6461 per MCI
t no
"tIt6~tieItor
*~' fi'tt-Itc-11
4i stoppe'tre'd poll'i r. n,.mcls. 4.tt
~"..'1~ic~
Aici cblockprobe
tm~ I...
c~t
it'
;.pe-..c~
eld mit dlried moatermie! simiuhlm
IWe.About
aI.,'
'c%.tic
~tmw~al'.-1.me
of te ll-
.') Anonll.
1 ;
BlelpIettenproeh..Sea.
Seltsolpettar
ItI(t.%,I
stoolion,
under
'~t.t5
~~~ ~
e~t65t615sc
~ ~ ~ ~6.i ~'It ~
h ~~~6
;.l
brin
ti~.th'cIt61
I frresoei not odor Blivlatyplanot fILead 1Trinitroc
t'.~~df~a
~ *E'
-reto-rn
ie. o-r Lea I %~typhiatite) tiL St ) Blel Sols dois Tallsins
~. .3. iV. ~t!~at i'tt.H ii),
Triltinat a-for Tricloof. Se. gener~al ectison unclet Styphnic
e
rt~
c~c~c.e~,
. '~im:'c'a.c:
*.i
ieiM..ilec
I.,Lit
liter
Ac.~id anti Alsts the references li-itet l em.w. One of the mnethodls
of prep?. userd in Gtiermeany during VA I %an An. fol!clwsi
-venr~aI oection under
Irinictr..reeorcinotte (T.NX). called Trizcima
72 logt - .At.
Irtp.,ractmin -1i ,-nit ion
ottirredii t
In.
'do I
I
,.-...ctm ning 12 L
.
~
fail hill1ouic ni not-thcoccI
until thol: TXR dissolved. n~en the solutioin was .
Ifit rate. 1-%the .Atitin'
fatied with wate~r until it contained 2A4 kg TXR for e~c It
,.I
I tri ua'ac'!;ift,
nirat
'I
csolutacclm It-I63lltifliga Im '. pe
'"'
...
:t,'tel vt1'.%6l (N'2.% '.tecl).
s.~i
?. I ,cI Ih clitratt.mt
mit,- .-. c~al
ct.ieefmecc.-
tosrcit
6,6.
to.sth.s
us.
nla
zd
1.
1 --1 ILL.t .Sltcr so,e thrait the terwicj ira time- ve'.'.l is.
.aI...it 6.". Iled in g-radu~all. (withmin i mccnutcraa) with
'.air-imc5 . I5 1 %.a;-iria. .Ac.id otluticon eiantaininy I0 Y
I %a 1-.ev lite~r. .Adde "-h I .- f 4,66 'A-ift
lo
f
.1614a.lallw to.
'.6:1 I. t.-r *P litcurs. D ecant the liq~uor. tr~anscfer time iclurat
tr,c a1 Lail,.- filter c. kth 11lte,.d. over a Nutscm or l~argec
'.'at alurm filter with sloping sidtcs. After allo4wpLorct-lalic
incg lit- slurry tat settle until the surf~ace ofl the 1. 11 .
ahiic-etllsh
Acrigt
~u
Rf1.LS
a.be
sda
Acrigt
~om(e )
rhsbe
sda
an initiating explosive in Ckrcnany since about 1920 when
the so-called Trixinmatkrpseeln (q v ) were put on the market
by~* the
Spenai.of
-a.uc
govns-teAlicy theul
lmltS tienic-'cst1isb
ic. gcvsmoud
Seversl types of initiating compositions aused by
e.rimed Il.y-the f~act that lthe paste hcas to he soft enough to
Germans during VWiIf contained 1. St.
snit ir in .a fairly thcin layer cin papcr foar subsoiquent drying.
(eeaounr
imyadIittngC
potis)
tsprng Ctmoffsition),p
n
' r[rmrund
1)e alsNoWShsa
'l~ace tlic. c..tiito filter clcath cont~aininp the 1. 11 in ;i
l..iaernc~dctlcuks~
tiid ranferit o te dyin hose.
BVy neecan., of ;a wocoden spatula. smear the moist L 11
upomi A1 lituohl sheet of paper )' x 3' placed on the
cloth of a dry icingfrantce. D~ry the nmamerial for 4 hours.
starting at rAmni teimp And raising it to 400 and finally
to ('0.
.%,te: c:ak-ing usu~allv results, if the tenmperature is raised
[too r~apidly.
the
8
9999itii
19
99')
.91%9*
* W1it,
?-
wl99
ii ( i
list-999
te
Vt~tia
prt-c
mr
O Iw.99 vihen
ipitaion
r tit
w. v
-seii." wher
19 -f91,99
I9 id 99 Sitrtv. tf9.*
it9,) was
M oli
kd
99
'i ..the 999 :h i . Saif a99 (A99)". ] tirin
9
6In
l9.A99 so.o dcasnall of9 t .he 1,19%son
9
999i'i
9'j.
014.
1'-tI.19
'-!~i lilwr,9 ( !
*~~~~ue
andC
iith . 9'
1a ilt92C
Was
h
99.9
decantation [Cd l I~ ilu99.'
91olc
1218.
.
Lead
.1
toi
S.
9k
the
9t'ill
Slo
T
9)99'9
~~usonting a9999
~clot ~ wl91rt
~
the same19. tchninque
ion 1. 9 .9
n,9i99.9 sec(9,
281. i-t I of
9999,9,9
91
M,99
ininti .r 9
tw
,
*
ur inpv,
~In oti
*9199
)i.19
if i~t,
9
999
19.9..19'r9.!
1*
.9 In vam e
the
I92
999 iie
at
is
i
rcI
IBv hptrn
tIv
Boh
99S it
ni
02 I.9
en9 t
"I
nui.c
tl
..
99(
rI
fo
Nitro199o
sc1iIli
99 99.9I'ct
tinoer~rIit9
99
rl..i
99
-it Pa
02
9 99
t.he.99 tim
t
9
)959999
(or liisttraly
I9 for Mi9itar9
aeo
9J9*r
9
d.'ari
Iio
9
Drill9.
Ca09.. i~i
%o1999
it
99.e
V1ln
Itwsmifo
4.9919
pae
.irmw
hre
icric acid and ca lied
plcd.
as
.I, W99i.99,l
I A . '119.'- yieWs of1 I9St was' alou
099 K lig.
hrl~atrone H48 . ( .clvet, Iligh Ex'1.losive9s (19184). 1,' 3
A, 9. 'tIinr to~ .'Z. I.1' ewi.to 999 9.! .C109
4:t
t* No914-3,
thel fid,
off
(i 1, 44 war9 used at
Bohrpotrone 28 (D~rill
Ca'9r:dfc of 19.1").A l'l.ASting ca~t91,. 9,.tw.'
*Irk,i'.dotw I I.Int. * I vilami: A -(I
ridgec, .iescril ed under Ovimolition C:harge. According~ to
* Into a staii
'.'.
s-'969
kettle9
III
9
.1(91t
19
(British)
)9a11991i
9
(1'i95~3), p* 21' the ch~argel was used Also9 in9
TIM
agitator,
.90 -tit 9~.
liters), p'r99v1.)99l witll99 .111
c.9j'.91
19
5.999
5999i.9i.99Io
ater,
cd
aft)9n9nnel
-.rgbfoyini land mines such a9s Stockniine.
9. L9timenci
Ur
ox ide. Trhe formati on 99f
99,
9.91.
ti9
19' lorcil he.at, a~nd whienthe19.
wa.99t-it
sim
styp
e dit9'99p.r.99i9.
.b~u
'I"
9.,9C19'1
.,
shiun
o
1
Bomb Contolnert. See undler Con*ta(ine~rs.
.11 19.9*1llitraw9
ini I2.I. I of1 waiter %a.s run in. *flhe yield
'.9.9' i~J, , ..f I ISt.
II al
. l 11919.4 above
1,9
919,9.1..9*) 9I9.to9ii.c 9ure. of 1. "t tile
999%
i9 ed9.9 for tIhe 999999utict 199
9'
IN"Vitt.' 9 ini 1.9
Vessels9
.1
tho.9999*o9
99 %i
~999
o9f 1, .1.
~t~tlqo,~i
* Irtit
91t,
de%
99r9C.99
It
Stiah
'excess. In'( .999.iiUf hic.U19.9n.9wa -k'
fe
919j
:91moro99IjVi, ifr.9r filinjg'. fo9llowed9 by sulfuric acid were99Added.
of some
Table 3b
Iil/.l1iitzlichtcylindirische
liomiben Tjorpedo
I.'.k~mnpftw&99~i91 , I'u. h
NbC.Nelilclcyindrisclhe
pc
l~ianzerdurcha;chla99cylin-irinche
* 911anzerdick
wand i ge
S.%
sit
Sprenr~mlclighorib
[;T
Splitterbeton
l'.ie.
* cSprengeylindiilsehe
*
SSD)
(kleia)
SI)
sip
Spre'igdickwantdiite (kleil')
sprengdickwsadige
.
ZC
splitter
ementcylindrische
\ote - The two principal German lIIf" bombs were S;C and
l9t. TIhe. SC* or !eneral purpose bombs. had loadini:m factors
'if
'J
'"' i ~11. -9.q
of, their AirrtfuNtruve, qual'ity were
ta9!eprimarily for general demiolition. These bhombs were
Uually o1 three niece steel tonstruction, with the Pose
be.injc weld...I to a * 4ular body and the sheet steel or alloy
tail being attached t. the bomb body by screws or rivets.
'The SC bombet were not streamlined. The SD lic~mhs, heis
had a load ing factor of about 35!; anT,
SAP,penetrative
tither All
bcause
of ortheir
qualities, were used primarily
.against. ships or fortifications. The bombs were streamlined
anor had thicker walls than them5C. They were usually
dIrawn ar forged in one piece.. A tail extens~ion with a dummy
mischtead wast sometimes attached to give the bomb a more
*streamlined appearance.
* Other bouibs RA, IM, Site, etc may he characterized
ats follows: The SA and SB bombs were thin walkc
with
lorpedo bomb
(:cm.cal cylindrical bomb
Cylinricall
smoke bomb
4.1 ,
OF.
too
an tc
Laf
0 "0u'ft
pOem
*@ee
/0~t
-to* "IMKt,
.. os.t
-A
WIT,
,Nto
PCt
wee
USgm
*74.
..
TAP_.
Cole
'.CCS.1 M-AGI
IU
WAS07 A
-11-S@RSIOP
tIOC
-. I
"
RO7
CAUTx
___________
IS AA
rule
VWCT
5,10151111411
CHAJ104SIOSS~
9lJ'f ,OCe11
[PICOWFOWGA
I/P,%St
InUR-MMl-SM*
FILLIONLIS
PLU
--
LU
Is1II
tm
'I,
t.
IAl.f
PC
SDI7O-K~'
~PCIO~
BOMB
ZtENYAL
~coKoPC 500 RS
cI'i
PCBOMB
1000EL-Kg
ROCKET
E'ro
Z 49)
rf
.Aq GING
0,/I j LEAD
-
bAN [
:MARGING
HEAD
EPLOSVE
CAVITY
PYROTECHNIC
SECAGUE
'JS~t4%'N, LUG
fCL J
IPA
tjG
LU
I~
BUSTING
S-0obsg
STEE~LA
PLUN
ILIN
PE-
3~8
II',,
-L
TYPE
F-PELLET
FjuZE
ARIGSP1NOLE
i-fPE
2-
afTN
-GAiNI
~ISINGS
1 AMING
SIDES
/'
5D - I k
MA'N I'l
"7.ION
GAIN
S D IFrz)
~ING
tPer I
i' iil
k
s, ed frino .oniretes. Tllh- BLZ. KC and NbC
, h , ut h a lfd ifelre n t
p e air~
a nc
e tlh e SC b onh
i o mttb s , % f -lj lhtd in a p~
fillitngs.. The SP , fragien nt aiton, A I, shimil s ftlodes'cribed
9) 1
in j1'I
9.1p ,-. 0(1954)
the
I lie hl'ihuinj: bominl's are des.cribed in the VI- l)-ptcf
Arniv "lt'l'ni.aiv l M.anuml T!M (1-19145-2. (,ernmr.[pliht ive
3r(4ui~na !n,
..
I.1,1itgt
I) (. 1 )051) p I to, 12.
I I Mt 5c kg Ili %as filled with " ..1 kgp ,I, *..ist "I'.T.
.i nartol or frilen (I' ci
Noltt:I ')-II)X%-' (I
As43it-e%
not give tile tierna.sr equiv.tleit
of Ihi -iit siml 1l sa,,v. that the 1,onml1had .i iue-piece cast
.tet I I,,,Iuy t,,atchinet; ,all the fittings were welded in place.
I !( 510 kg. ct.,adt I - Ja, I., And s.aso w-!rf file.! wilh
1
* I ito .:*
.c of vasst TNT, powdered dinatil air t.iIt
Is.ala.le
(I (gs
It,
j .Inil J,. were filled
I3) 5M ', kL t,r;de II - j)I,
of TNT, aimatol or tri.aen (p -)
with -'I to, 21,
2,
t. 4,
I., 1.2, It antd K
I) MC 25p kt - Types 1, 2. and
setr- filled with 2'14 Iibs of .amatol, TNT. TNT and wax
Or wood mle.al aondI Al powder .in naphth.alene anti Am
nitrale (pl Np
(
o kg e,ra.je III (K. I.. and j) were filled with
5) Sc.
ky of .aniartil, TNT or trm.alen. lioi,, recovered with
tr i. icvn fillit,: eont,tioPd also .p to 53oo cylinuiriclI
;,aper-wrapred pellets Compose.d ofl Ri)X/Al/wax (p ').
St.
SC3
ot kg"Iiermnann' (C., I., and 1.2) were filled with
.aiottut touw kg : .ata.atol, TNT.'A\Iwoo4d mea' :or trialen
"o2
9)
(1
")
In the Instl
(1p JII)
till
L, I SIjP %
1, 1 i o
2c ,U 1I ) S .I.It s ., I%fill,- !
Ai
no.is , f ill ,: l ,r k ,.t
1 i.it d Will,
the ib't y.. .35 N iE
I't
2-) (o., kr A/1' P'arachlute l.onib tii, taine.t I
"tl'!tsive (l, '1
21
i. 14
44
il C.a t l':I
"11 1 k,: SI) I .ovtar Coni int.m
.itA
1otainel .anmiitol or j'rttiel.it I\I
-21) I ky SI) I P
44t+,
The 1;i/. war. . Frent hI s t.ihus,,l bI,+ it tierti sli,
04
%asju
t! t
o,.j) 2 kg Ilutterflv' SD 2A .anti M)1 .
o, of cant T`T surroun.ed by a laer vi I *tuntini"-t
7.5
complsiti-m (p
1I)
$1) Sit ; klg contained 4 lhs of .,,, eorltsiv. 'i 4'.
I s.ior
12) SI) I Lg Ill. (holalw , ls.-tgr; A.,I- and V f.s.+.c
rained 12 ox of cant TNT ocr it-, %I - TNTT MIX I Ui.t
)1)Il I R1. tiilt.aiioel ITNT
13) SI) 10A Type. 1. H And
or amatol (p 38)
'll.
'.
3-i) i) I((. contained Aboiut O."s kr .if .An txt.,,it
15) 12 kg SC Ii Ic:onereuceont-ained I..9 L,: TNI i 1 iFO
%h-il 3-0jo
36) Si) 15 C.otvett. Ptrojectile contained hI,,ii
charge exrlosive p .li)
sti
17) Site 50 kg Concrete in earlier slpecimenst'ni.a,
TXT. and, in .Ill l.ater lwanals .n naph.th.lene e's: .. ir.
mixture of low lrin.tun e 3:, .I
Mat a
11S) SIe -,%t kr (c tn'ri-t.ml.,tuinet- I. I i--!.-ts
1tt .,0mixture of An. nitrate a ith %ma.il .. ,munt.u t
an.i Al i,-oder ift it)
I()DX M! *.., it
o
t.1t.1nc.l bi.tuit.
og
of
119) SA. .1000 k4
.A matrix ol %, ,i5(o A ..atol I p 11)
k
'1, I.+.0:1;
19a.) IIT (liluii at Ttrl'pd.ill. .. 3, L, -wt, Lt..
141,1 kg (p .I.e0
w.V6N tilt;-,
wil!,
I .iriv.itt
111) 2 kg: AirCr.mft 1",,0Ulie l: .1,.)
Awl ".2 L.L I, .endtri tictim.ia,
aI
-11) 1 kg, 1.3 kg.. '
and .I Ili
.a. ILI. .hEr l:
theriiitc
.as the incnt'nliar
ch.sr.e irp 0(,-501
trl+
,n
51,1
(
.1-2) SO kg Incendiary iSprerng.l-r.atln
thermite is the incendiary .ini! TNT.as the itf'stt r a Ii.
(p 5(' 0
iI.AMI contained an oil in.11) 250 kg Incendiary
,.
,,o
17) 250 kg IncenJiary Irand +I."5$ A't TA
. I
contained a mixture of petroleum 87...lttrt
and phosphorus 0.5"; (1- its)
5(o) cmtaint.d .a liyltt ,:nv s.,
:%C
.-i)
50 kg Smoke
producing sul.itAnci. tsnelling stromgly of canio.lmlhr p .,
aunti
rmt.t
SI),:
s9; 50 kg Snmk.e Marker (NC i(, IU(C
an unidentified snitke priaaoducing conpositi-n (,- its,
50) 250 kg Smoke (NC; 250 .) contained a misor-t .it
.I
sulfur trioxide 4(, and chhltrtsulft.nic acid -toil:
51) Practice lhimus: SI1 I. SI) 2. ZC I(. Lt: ( ;itha, is
,,
S ENX. and /1.-4.
50 kg Concrete, IC( lutitst
/..
as
%sid .or'"
I'ARACHigU
tA
~~7.,
-I - -1-
Al
du
1..;ri
SY~~
1 4N -t
Ai
04TE1
MA
.3knt
SUSPENSIONI-
SONS
ACH. 4's
A4J
AIFAr~~
-OLIONATOR
10
.AptIj
c-AqG#
tI.TA
.11ma soby
v!
TYE
SUSPERS10OII
OK______
TIL UNIT
rlAZ
4",
MAIN CIIARIGC
-.
FUSE
IA,~
DAMEPLATE
'ICTUicAL.
10
MOD A
cow
LEADo
FUrL
full
STIT
CAVITY
moo 0S
S
LW.
dl.RC?
-OF
rA
INCENDIARY
v~..
BONS
ACZ
*FUZ
'TE
SSPENSION
LUG
iIJL
O,
4]
EOATRI
SAFETY
0ES
4-4(r.
ALUMI
-- BOOSTER
C(;(sIjr
FILN
SUSPENWuI0J
EIR
LU6~HOUSING
iN
STRIAC
N"StWOCODLT
F
RNG
IUI*
PICRIC ACID
T~I~lt PiLUGOD
SA 4 000 -CEO
maLU
uz*
BRAND
ChI280FA
AIL FINS5
ri
rP1
-8718
C 500 Soe
1`07F
A
C 5um0
Bom
L'.)
ZLAN
1PNOFIDi
HEAD
INCENDIARY
SUST'NSO~JMATERIAL
IUG
C,
!~.T,~trT::tAIFUZE/
hB'T
P "L FIfLL.S
I'O~L
PILE~
-CENTRIAL
EXI'LOER TUBE
1.1
$1I
ol
.
MNB
`6
i. r
TV?.
S
t .74r
flit,4
tive]v.
~.'
.. in,,'.
-4.
.Pu'
A14
V J .- ; - T,1 ,
i~
44
.~4.
*4444-4.
7..
44
n;;~j
l;I4I.
4 f
4i44
1 '.
1*
I4 %.$1
%tilt.,rI,
*.s
.i
4'
~ Ick
,k .. ,ii..4*4.~ i.
.3'-111 1 W\
'Ij( 1
*-N 1I\ IN itVi
as
'.
4..."1'
flit
.
. .
.If,
..W.te
2
red4. lead44
ints -'i
til
It.
-l
4ff4.-'
I>Iluy
4
4
(4'
24
111.44
,i4l
m~e
,..,........42..,nu~iuIA.
nit
mi!
'.
'2
- ltA
to
tr
.4 !.
N.( 21P.%ulfur
'111a.ie'l~4
',~.
Sub,-hooster
I
A.-4
%4.I,,
I,44.4414'
4.4.4-tei
.t
11F.t
)mieIE
Pit. f'it
it .1
(.' ressr.lb
ant
10 nin Illl. %bell, ISSI.)
mmnanti-comcrer ahells.
hand grenuaea. flanzerwurtmine
I trewci mortar shelf)
'41~
r
4(Cused~I
'A.
*How
4,Detinatior
no
landu mine
14k
k"i.81dil.1
4
' C.IlI..d
the"gin,
" rile
1
urto4uv4led2 1. 4 pressed44
A' ring %ith the
the fuze4 pm Let4 filled with pres.sedI 1 A
tow
1m
'n
J
AYP
An6,ire4e~nc'.. A.'!
4
tntitink. HOC 2I12c11m;haped) chirjrc. HE fligh, explosive,
llowitzer, L A
l,"~J azide, L St Lead ;;tvrhInatv.
M F Mercuric eiminate, N4PSame &:a lqjTN, Is A l'gcric
acid, PAX A,, ha;.k, PETH I'enfaerythritot tetranitrate,
Itl
~K'
-e
447..44
*X
iefit,,
%b
f
..
m.t%0'.11T.*.-'A4
4,44144'4Si4!'7110f
4,41.
4i~
I41??
v).,
-a.k.
4
,7.,
4."
t4.4-
.4iI
i
....
A 'l 'ill..
44
corel~I 14;ii.seJto.
*. .lwat
1. 1';)
;rere-Mrl.
Are-4i1
n I 214P nile
l it
r.41.4:
.~ 4,i4%747
K'444
12;.itf
I\l(c
4:,~~~~~~~~~~~~
.
.
1,4 41i47.te1
4.1.
44. '4;r4
.. irl.
....
pw)e.
4444~444-
title-
b)
r.
..
tvr iei
242*
ti nu,%
JI
IIo,1
!Wift
.Ir
48%%0ote
4WI
.. :Jef
n,.In
1.4.4
.4.. .....
t,
4jr.
orl .
fl
114.4title.
3
I
III
it4.44 rn.~.
t, 1141,4.u ;s.i
.~
*l
'
t~lk
-4444
-4 -
4rc4.4
~f4
.nd4.
..
Y 114- 1 2)~l'~
IMIrlN
nd Ve%
r
'
04~
TomI
~~itE
E
.4 r!
*41.4.
4m
-0 ot,
"Ve lu.y%
41
i1!
'
.4
V*
ill
.1n.2 1,1sb
pinkl
-~~~~i
2-il?
p'ill
1)4'4*
''ta.
~,.TohI.l
44
we-t
vfs
.I.
I,
I. iti .1 1
iS n
4.1.,1
4.
4.t).I.-
.1l .tur
0,
114.*
Iw
I 'I
I.
f-.
]VA
.b.
I.f,4
tit',,r
.. ,.'
41
. It
4.~..
,~ f,
S,*
HIr
1411
. 4.
.
u t 141,ti .1.4.% 01"A
I;4.-. 111 .4.4 44
'.u,
4
i
A
4I~*~.
t~4~
to 4 t I
4 .
AP A.
7e
4
irvig
404vf
aedsrie
nRf1
a
ose
A (Z 19 A) consite ..
f an
long tos.. .84, in dfianeter, closed at onetclne2.5
end and tilled
I4WI.
dit I till
~eA
a ettr
waher ndanAtseurtyrig,
I,
tif ' 1.I,
6v
A.
c,) Booster C/98Np (Zd~l, il'n8NIp c'nsisti'.h
of an Atl
c onta1in er filled] with a it ax
ptIs'lit':. 'it'!,'
were
*
twit sixes: at small s ize, 1.0' loig rokill*g in 'I tnieter,
tiesiignated
K:,/.dlg C,:/98" and a la rge six(e Ilk long
ank.
in diiamnete r, des ignatted (i dIgC/0 8"
first was u sed in smoke shells .1nt the second .in TIhe
Ill
shells.le
Therec
wert' also boosters: Zdlg C/98 (picri.
acht
ccha,%rge), grZdlg C/98tNp (large C/9R Np booster), ItIzldlq
34Np (shoirt PEITN diarge'-booster), Zdlg 36 fl'lE'N chIarge
n akin' Ior
iir)niZi
0(''Nincrbord
crntainer)
itiiil
Itiit
Bounding 'Mine.
-Bounding
S-Mii
15
and
S-Nti 412,
examination
conducted at
Ilicatini.y
this
*-mortar
--
Ix
"III
tlt
l'lIritvr
Ico
I
I
rr
'
I:
s'
IiYs
t (ief shell was par:liil
over s,,ft terrain :.u.-Il .or sinp.jjq,jnk..s l'retn
lllt
lnll
I~t. jrt.,I I~rir o'eorjirti
'',y
15
, eolai,1
li
:)
she'll. if(ter Ic~i
I.,,
kliSt inl tilt- qir.
ht' composiftions of tilt' v''tpls iVt. on ....
oit'I.
l
r
fIroml Itu -1, .rr.' yi v'ibe
A ) i g iti o n v a r u ii dg pr i n te r : .aI u pIp
e r ( b r r pe: I . i . i1.I , I
. reeach.
a d I
nt a e S
5.a
e
e-. udldtatieI59;
iih:1.,
Wi lower charge: 1;a nitrate 'aC, 11 -;t%-lia'
.
silicidi'. -,(I*, we-igh: 0.634 F
it) lnitiiitio cartridge prolpellant: N( I% coit-i'tlI
I I. lxV
~n
iii
,,N
9IcnrI
unacJeutei~ltd
.0.1-
t
.i
Ut. .,we
:~i-i
i h
~*,I'
k
gSi
Iii.
oosi"tikwt
Iv
r;
1
al mit
egh i ie(.,
C-) Projectile lu.,t' prirner: K chlod~,r lii, NI, tris~iliji~
utalteS.;wiii
'a 1.n)I) i'oettIn,
a ae %"'Ist' i ol:
hai, gpii
ast,.ol : I
lI'retieealio
tl.re.senl
:aroor
cur, ti lied (,.I- - anid Cin si sted of t t l11iii
%%~lait;
i.
intit-it
h. 7;
W. i gn iir
we ighi'd (j.05, g arnd t 'iisi sted of k po-ren Itirate 50, Ill. tliiot'v.1iiia14 15 -lilt W. 5.:, C) Ilit-kpisr
,ele-tiand suffu
Cotal I_2.
kikeiglitti
H.71
0)
rahcosse
n
iiniv~;d~.xi-Ision
3.1 r aw *inilteh
con,
expulsion l'rtil'l..rIIAlt
I) ElXnglesiburg,
d 'l'
lli.e
% l fua
it-5 Io
;ter
itinlt'
ofsitd
i NC
(N content
tfKntrt
I39:)9.,c't~l~
)Ieia-zoatrlttstr.'t'ill:.,.siortn
sistegh of peolfrnlliv'it.
detonaittr coinsisted of t.0.
lp
silicon
ahc
till.1il
,n
Gvr
22
4n
II\k
/1
\k\
tr e 21iy st
suh t' us iji l2s WI sp lcel %In the
S't tt t I A nunibvr02 tit
of1ai landing
!
field. It Wa-is htoed that 2222Ian'din2g. -l Ir -S%
sureloLde
lithe Whce iOf
%
OTe Qlnem* h plane (in thc CUahi ons Woul d
"B"
Branatofo
Bradbmhen
ud
Se
Branstofe
Bondombn-Sc
nd
an:d In~cendia~ry
lncnditry
Inendary
onuositons
ompsitons
220l212'.
und
SV-Stolf.
(Friction Type
See
SV-Stoff
Igniter)..
und Itenstff
See
under Igniter
oif (I'
lo
ne
aa:e
in.,r
Stabmie
no Sce under
9- 985-2 ( 1953).
(,r24
Table 5
Charges
________________________________Bursting
Charge
TNI (pressed)
TNT (cast)
85/1 5-TNT/was
TNT with 5-10% wax
90/10-TNT/Al
Picric acid (pressed)
EDDN (Etbylenediaimine din jtrate)
RDX (Hekogen)
88/124'ETN/wax
02/18-PETN/wax
87/13-PETN/wat
85/15-PETN/was
90/10-PETN/wax
91.5/8.5-PETN/was
PETN/wax/Al
90/10-RDX/waz
Uses
317-,im Ill. shell with PElI*N as a detonator base charge,
40) mm lllF shell with * 10/60-tetryl/pres-ied TNT booster,
417min All shell with 145/15-PEiTN/piessed TNT booster and
150 mm h~oC (shaped charge) rocket
17 mmnlHE shell with PElTN/wax booster,
417mmnAl' IF lHE shells wth pressed TNT boosters and
50) mm lHE shell with l31'.TN/wax booster;
50 rmi Trench~ Mortar shell with 92/8-PETN/wax booster,
15mm All and IlE shells with PETN/wax boosters;
76.2 mm All shell with IJETN/wax booster Used in c.c~ured
as.2i IlF shhll with, tettyl booster
jRussian guns
80 mm lHE shell with PE'TN/wax or pressed TNT booster,
88l mmnIIi shell and 105 mm AP shell and 105 mmnlIE shell
with pressed P A or Ill.TN/wax boosters;
105 mm 110w shell wvith 92/8-PETN/wax booster,
150 iam HE shell with Pt.TN/wax booster,
150 mmn
and 210 mmnA/C shells with PETN/wax boosters,
170 mmnand 203 mm Ill: shells with PETN/wax boosters,
210 mm A/C and HE shells with PETN/wax boosters and
240 mm and 280 mir, lE shells with PETN/wax boosters
500 kg; and 1000 kg AP bombs;
I kg, 2 kg, 10 kg, 250 kg and 500 kg Frag bombs and
10 kg, 50 kg, 250 kg, 500 kig, 1000 kg and 1800 kg GP bombs;
50 kg lIE Inc bomb, Butterfly bomb and 5v kg A/C bomb,
50 mm, 80 mm and 105 mm Mortar shells;
27.5 lb and 110 lb D~emolition charges, E.gp, and Stick hand
grenades, Panzerwiurlminc,
A/P and A/T mines, and A/T
and HOC rifle grenades
500 kg Frag bomb
88 mmnAP shell with 92/8-PiiTN/wax booster, 47 mmnHE
shell and 150 mm A/C shell with P A booster, 500 kg, 1000
kg and 1400 kg bombs
250 kg GP boinbl and 75 mmnlE Inc shell
75 mm lIE shell with PET'N/wax booster
105 mm AP shell with RDX/wax booster
42 mm HE shell
20 mm AP and HIE shells with PETN detonator base charges,
28/20 mm lIE shell and A/T rifle grenade
37 mm AP shell
50 mm AP shell with PETN/wax booster
20 mm lIE shell and 37 mm AP shell
27 mmnanti 37 mmnlE shells with PETN detonator base
charges and 140 mmnlE shell with 40/60-tetryi/pressed TNT
booster
20 min HE shell, 50 mmnAP shell, 80 mmnChem Mortar shell
HE Inc shell
20 mmP
75 mm AP shell with. 94/6-PETN/wax detonator base charge and
RBlmm'AP shell with RDX or 96.5/3.5-RDX/wax detonator
base charge
94/6-RDX/waz1
EDDN/RDX
33/3/64-RDX/wax/Zn
75/1/19/5..RDX/wa:t/powd Al/solid
Al
tint pellet
30/70-PETN/TNT (pressed)
30/70-PETN/TNT (cast)
62135.5/2.5-RDX/TNT/waz (pressed)
57.5/40/2.5-RDX/TNT/wax
5V/40/3-RDX/TNT/wsx
'5l/48/1-RDX/TNT/waz
48, 5/4S. 5/3..RDX/TNT/waz
TNT/KCI/waz
?6/4/20-RDX/wa /Al wit NGu nose
pad
Table 5 itiiiifj
s(3-iu~i~il'hil
II)
'6S-Sin~r:,,I
Ill *.t
%%.
it" l<IUTN Wa 15Istiter, 76.2 aim III,., No 111m,
f0till,I o' "I'l, I 2(3a
IM r13
m, 150 rim and 210 mimshells,
0 11111m
arnd 1001111
mmt
lik4-14 Illrnzerfarusr with 90/103iTj'/W~pX boroster
inoon
Ill' -dit-H with 94,'(,-l'ETIN 'wax boo. ter; H mmra hl
arnd lanld 11011'.
2(100
mm Morttar shllt I with iJ l:TN /waxr boostecr
75 mimIlii shelf with 89/1I-PF 'N/wax booster
mmiIll:~ tt..ll~ with 8'7/!1-I1I:TN/wax booster and 5n0 klg AP'
b~trimhi; I kg, 2 kg, 'r0 kg and 500 kcgFrag bombs, 1,0 krg, 250 kg,
10)00 Ikg, 1700 kg, 1800 kg- ant 2000 kg Giy arimbs
501kg, 250 ki, anti 500 kg- GP biombs; A/1 mine, land mine, wood
land mine arid 80 moil Mortar shell
ILand minein
1:,g hanrd grenade, rifle grenade
1400 kg and 1800 kg Al,' b~ombs; 250 kig, 500 kg, iuOu kg, 1200 kg,
1800 kg and 2500 kg GP' Loiiib,
~S
OS, i S-Amtilltr
113/2O-Almatol
(#! if-Aniato!88
'r0/50-Arnariil
IS'S
'3
5Arrat
80 '2(3-Arawil
Tririr', C
RM "YX I.
3Al)
i1u
2.-N;I Nt)
kuvr 25
'id
irieri Ai
ji Si iCX"
3.iubi
V)"50/ 35-Mi) 4. 0 3 /l)NI(/lRX, with noses
I t Iilit,
'43 17-:% 1 NO?//ti
mtitii
1 ,, it
r~l . and 'rim topj wtIlirl
133(1(10k
~),'~i-l~l1XlN
I1
wax booster
(Calcium
Su~icide). See
general section.
and
Rerncs
1) Marshall, 1 (1917) pp 375 & 492 2) Naoum,.Nitroglycerin.
Baltimore (1928), pp 401-2 3) Davis (1943), pp 35:-353.
Cartridge (Patrone in fixed ammunition; Kartusche ini semifixed ammunition); Cartridge Case (Patronenhulre; IKartuachhulse). Ger.aan cartridge case. for small arms ammunitior'
were of conventional design and drawn either from sheet
bras11s (Cu 72, Zn 28% or from sheet steel, cooper-piatee
on both sides (Ref 1,s 357). German artilletry cartitdge casest
ofpre4'W 11were ma e of brass but since 192te majority
of castes were made of sheet steel, copper-plated on both
sides, Lauter in the war the so-called wrapped steel cartridges,
were produced. Cartridge ease. were employed in all
German artillery ammunition (fixed and semi-lized) and there
was no ammunition corresponding to the American "separatelaig".
The case was chiefly employed to reinforce the
breec block and to sea! the gaust gtenerated by the prope lan t. A lth o u g h in fix ed a m m u n itio n th e c a rtrid ge case
sred the purpose of protectinR the toropehient charge, lIn
imany of the heni-fixed rounds the propellent charge wax
Getr 26
Table 6
iiI~~ii'~I~ttaiiI)
..
Carbon;,.
--
_________________
________________
2502S.0
"(tlodioll
Cotton
K iltirate
N~anaitrate
I ii.taitftv
arh~ota, l~xtra
10.0
15.0
0.
0. 1
30.5
w524.5
4.0
* S~c'' an kric
'*'
-4
K hlchruan~at,.
V%c.ttlsanlatt*
Ileat (if 1:' xlosion,
Ica/kg
Temnperature (itIEx
plosiuon .0c
Velocity aif Ietnnat ion ,n/ ser
ITrauzi Test (log
sample)
0.5
5.0
5.0
(15
S-16
.S
536
002-
I11174
I1006
1039
211'
30-42
1850
35 cc
240 cc
larger than the cartridge case and ther.!fore the case did
not give complete protection to the charge (Ref 2)d)9nm
hefollowing cartridges, both Ge:-man and
fronm conquered countries, are briefly descrihed incaptured
Ref 3:
A . Fixed Artillery' Ammunition include:-oe
a)
'*!:..a
,iu'ar amndOerlikon; used on various 2 cm
guns and 'some- nmachaine gunstiebencniedasrilrymuiio
Ia)
0 tm;cai uedin
SloturnAirraf Canon
W) 37 traint; used in 37 cna Solohur A.7rcmrak,3. Cann30
*e)
_____________
(.arlsanit If
.1070
258cc
10.11
nt
other wetapons
1) 152 nanaused
g15tan;use
10) 170 amm;us.ed
i0 10.1 mmn used
j)203 minm;use-d
k) 21(0 mm; used
anti Czech sK
CIA 4.6 40
V
.4
.SM-IED".-
CARTI-FXDGEC S
CRDE
CS
f~
10OsC"L a"HI
vit 27
7.5 GM PAN 40
FIXED
CART RI DGE
CASE
- -
~vr
, kihi~tsl
%tabili
g littin izers for
I
~ ~:t'
itlimit
alsive,
)!'),
centrillir*5
uct
also0
Lits
under i'ropielliiiits).
(Set A~s-41
Ri~erittnes:
40..
K.C
schweig
1t r uc u g
C197s he
pe z
),
(l21Kis
i we
, B a
'19414), p 165.
Table 7
Cartridge Case Percussion Primer Compositions.
Comlpo s itio 1)
79
41 '2-i~a
48
..
Uses
45,37./2l~/69-K.I'
Si
7.92/1
ni~trate/l. St
S N1)
mit1m shell
,,rsv
~~
itetrtaes:2ti/Il/216/I
rip 357-01
IA.I.Oiere-, (ednane'- Serteant, lec 1-9-13,
21) Ii.lingles burg. Ordnance Serge~int, Nta% 19)44, pp 321-2
11 Anon, .1cchnical Manual! INI 0)-1985-11 (I 953), Vp i4o-44.
CAztridgje Cup 'Comrositions exaimin~d at Ilicattintiy Arsenal
in, tht Pa:As ~cilr SSI14)~Itt
andlisedl
as5 follows
5, K tchloirate 31,SI, trisulfide 2)(, abirasive 5%
i15i
1~~
5, k (:hlornite 37, SI, trisulfide 30, glass H''
:'K
()
/1-Mi
/
,'
23
1*W1
'k.l1:
,-K(:lO
bave
"3
3/
2 3
22/40'.18-MI 1: /KCIO /S 2S
73 2tmA'st1
ke23
Ii.i l,icrnte/NC/chnrcoall/KNO '150 mm and 210 mm Rocet
Wifttaet
Abbreviations: AP Armor piercing; HE llign-explosive;
V Ilyper-velocity; L A Lead azide; L St Litad
7iMFMrui
umnt;tCNtoellulse;
uc
tphacMF Ifuiflmne,1CNro
Chge charge; Mech Mechanical.
(See also Primers).
Centralstelle fuir etc.
Untersuchungen.
Cl ennile a Wag
tore l lien
.iii
Chiemi cal Warfare
SCtier
Agent
Kr iT,
If :t
, skanpf.
i i.che.r K
as
tI-r
`-1
*.4-)
'I
ZUnder.
See
Chioratsprengstoff.
oiii chiioraites,
Cheia-Mechanical
Explosives.Sce Chrtarntof
(Isyewi
+30%
alane
+.9%development
l~ead Bock
90 cc
Expnsion20 cc
-was
L~ead Bflock Cruish~ng
20 mm
19.5 rmm
* Sensitivity to labtiaNo I Cap
No ICar,
* t lest)The
tin
(equies
tion(reqiresat
last)smokes
Gap Tvst (using 25 mm
9 cm
8 cmi
cartri'dges)
*Dctnatom
Veociy o OO~/sec430m/sc
-2)
venocity of IChoarge
m
1570ie
143
6/se
Iheat of Explosion
Temperature of'
* Ekplosion
1253 o;l/8
YAl"
1?R0 cai/g
37000
sul~d
lulorate
E~xp~losives). Mixtures
IiiaiG';eu-
bt
haseti
etis
loaedi
eri
nddvte
oprbes ftesre
Fhorces (Viehrmacht). Its work included research on ammu* nition, -explosives, liquid fuel, military equipment etc.
'l'iw
Reiclisanstalt, before TW 1, published the journal
callI Ied,
Jairesllwricht'd~er Chemi sch-technisc hen Reichsan% it'
.eeene
Ir !tWAi,
iain
rea;Piaecm
*munication (195-1).
*Table
I wasc IItdGscii-KooI
as
CisiII~
~li
e Gestein
-K oronit
Cheisc,.Tchnsch
Rechsnstit(TR)voroisMiit~rer!suchsamt(Goveirnmcnt Chemical -Technical Institution, formier
1)
ly
fice of Military Risesarihi). A scientific institution
Chiorol't
Reft' tinues
Meialk
1) I .N.tmiiii,
Scii it- ss.
unit Spi engntumffe (1927), INIII1
'Il Mar -Ii~
mH. 3 fIt) 2 1, 1, 112
) A.Stert htbaher T it) IN) 3 14
lvim in-t re kitl
Iq
1916)
9' 1) I-.Wie uheIri
i
i i i i i S~
4c ipiI , 1 iiik,
(.iri
d
ia I nndI
,S'
c c
(I
pwe ichii11
gvhiCMkgl,;al/al
0: 4 of~ the
wchli rU Iii s
n
fii
li
i'
-(include
Colwvoreci S~ioce
v
Aivkxi' io.St
utili
ih..of~ti~t
tl
rSg
cv c it
t~t
i~lungry:Te
ex mne
latig
asdtne
ghed antount
wats foillowed by add it ion of .1 %vt*i
NU.-nitroglycol miixture, -while
I cont inuing tile hand
(or I
Not, .
IIi
rhotur.
atnWi.
xlsiert
lowdt
lsiiyw
sa
a'rAtncaetp
i ed by adding ;%stolucition of "ge lose".
1-) The pantwas remntoved to a1nothter IWild ing whe re it
wais placed uinder the outlet funnel of a .4ieve through
whiich tilie usual siolidt cohmponenrts of dnamni teq ( such
as An) or Na nitratts, TNI ,wood meal, dye. etc ) were
fed. These components were previously pulverized and
blended in another building. Whiile tile addiitcio of
the solid ingredients cook place, tite miass in the pan
was stirred by means of a planetary stirring mechanism,
which could lie lowered or ruisiol as desired. Kneading
time was usually about 20 minutes.
Note: Several types of mixers (blenders) were used, such
its the lDrciswerckc, Wctzig, Wi ohlcrtr, ar.d a nmodified
Wsernei - I'le idercir
v) 'The thoroughly kneaded mass of gelatin arAdof solid
t t'npoiitnts was remioved by a woodien hand spatula into
wooden transportr lIxes to be carried to the cartridging
tcotrll
ptlant.
ci.A Ili-1 s
,f Oi
tc
jcdct cvI lcimit~t-tr of c~artridges
It.li iti I w.% 28 mnm wvhile icr Ootnarit I it wais
a.*
't min. lTce tii iiisitl
eci t r.iii 4t of I oct it I wer
W t*Tt
tI
i rii i~.I~i~Vd it) boxes~ (J- pe b ox). 'rhle cairt-
~r
Sc~'
of
ccl .Icki~ti
Table
I ttrv.
it ittics
Antition it
,icid.outt~I
Donal;t
I yllaili
I
(1932
N(.N itro.t
1 Nc -
4.0
I''l(Tlrin'trol-
(c0
12.0
2.11
0.2
(.
TraslTetcc
L~etd B~lock
55.0
7_.0
10. 0
8.
M .0
24.0
26.5
;2.0
19.00
2.71.53
6.0
limit, g
o)xygen Balanee'
leict of Expl-
185.0
i.0
010('a
650
4.0
380.0
220.0
205.0
185.0
2.
10.5
10.5
2.
1000(at
5750
5650
.3
210.0
* 1').
-6(10
+0.06
996.0
+3.0
1 291
+1.68
904.0
603.0
i106.C
I30
050
0.5
6150)
1*~
1.0
--
2.S
8.
--
.5
3909.
3.500
700
175
0.I8.
05
!:ir
2.9.
16.5
I?-
0.
0.5
-18.0
2.0) 0.7
-0.5
-2.0
'1.0.
--
--.
0.8
( ;arrai-
l1 ICo)01:a
llitrtfiL
Sin
sOlucioti
I-
26.7
10a~i
1Wsiii
11 (l~crmiF.s We)
10.0 27.8
29.2
0.6.
.12.0
Wece
a
C1012)
25A4
(0.8
9192)
(0(
Wctrr
A -Nobelt
it
206.0
79.8
80).2
-N(lei
22.0
2.0
6 0
Wetctr~ er 11
X
-flonarit A
6'.0
N( 'N itro c e I
tol-li. it'
I*';Iitnitcto Iuenci h~licqit)
Ami nitraite
,;I nitrate
licotd titeil
R~ock salt(Nai(l)
-:ap.tt lortila
(te latinic
-llc~~irirI
(19c)
61.0
I.o
1
* (N~trccN(..
GeClose
directly in boxci; (32 per l'ox ) andt tilen tile~ Iclltcs were
cdipped in paraffin.
TaP"
.l-l
9 1ive
Vts oment typ i cal (.nia n C .m.tntcerc ial E~xplosivsaes actin uhictured Ile~fore and
uicigWU
26
201.6
8.0
(,.0
+11.4
26
700
-.1.08
6111
(2.0
772.0
516.0
700
+61
5U4.0
--
sion, kcal/kg
ha
Vlue,l1/kg
500.0
Note: The. compos'itio'n of sheaths used with some of these explocsives are giveni under Active Sht ath.
ryExplosives,
eer!Sm
ExploSives Plants,
1) OA('.Sticklaind, ;etrlSmayof
till Rept 925 (1945), p 69
2)R.Ashcroft, et al. lnvesrtipt~in of (;eiman Commercial
References:
Wmp. fe f RX q-9?andhiotan
) AMix
ComosiionA
mitur ofRI) 907 .nd lon~in
ComosiionA(ampA)
Wax
~~
e e ~ oCm 103
geea section.
th
11 A during VV I arnd described in the gceascto.
A were in boosters, sbbotr
uss sfCon
.. G~ma
Grandas afleriscn
rndsn
adchrg.
(Set. alsoiller No 86c,No 91 and No 92).
Ing
Ii 'erence: Allied and Enemy Explosives, Aberdeen Pro o
(round, Md, (1 946l), 1) 122.
et 3.Ie.
Hi 10 S ia
c ,'c
r.
3) R.Ashcroft, et al, investigation P
Explosives, P11 Rept 63,977 (1946), pp A 1/8 and A 1/1 1.
SAFE
TV
MILEAGE
/GOL
WOVMAWP'PU
'."AWMIL 400tS
300-AN
PIN.-1
AS C.)rei.
0C..,.
A SWMA
--
"Cob-AISPAW
*.a.,
CF
003
~l2~
14la
'ACU.PG.S,.?
,00.ts
A@
SW
Camiim~e
'
iil~
hd.iitliis
siu
CoilcoiIe Bull
iiiivsIJII
2"sini %'i
t 1AI ')-1 "85-.' 1 19)~Io-.in
ii
'~
.o~tttiu
isCordite
Coinecotg(orIntrnidioe)
ompsiton.Seeutiir
1,
tit~itttrt'
islsus
lll.
't~ii
sterwd
Anditist..0s
get-aerlliv consi stes iof t compaprtmnent to
isiis
stis.
SI(P
t'liis ll a patraichutte to tiring the container
devices were ill%AIOl
ti evlrth. Nio issilosivopng
droahic
it
ye
intolsrosab.e
cool.! Ibe
r~me
h
irrf)cnanr
n
o owntenintoi bonds conit ainer, fl ate conii si.li1
llsn
onazl~iiol h0omb-flare container.
.linvit os
t
I 1.1
ii
-oiiat~invr were~ fitted with fuzing, and ttpening
dtlisvuis intentslid ito relealse the missiles after a predeteratinel
iii 'r it fall1 fromt fhet. aircra ft. 'Sottit of these Wert! opie n
lihich held itcluster of bombs or flares by means
sli vicvs
Nut 51 erinr, batid.;, whereas iithct,; were ciiised containers
inbob.etc,
he lil4~
ii
Noniiii~~dlslss4 'cont~,iners were intended tol be uses. re~ntructetI to carry anil scttr
leatesi. an-hywr
!:: I'ma~t nuimbler iif snmall incendiarv bombs. Their rele!ase
nis1ieatittddnr~
ciV0
pcn
ftebmsi
lgt
7iis ciiit~is
coulsd be jettisonivd if necessary.
Thew folliiwing bomb and flare containers are described
it, l'.I io l'iXS2 (19513), pp 1)1.12o0:eyi
'i~
10 Cluster Container carried five SC 10 or
b 1).
ZI)11itA liombs (pp t13-)
2v Ali 23 SI) 2 Container carried 23 SI) 2 bombs (pp 95-7)
1 : A14 2.1-1SI).' Container carried 12 SI) 2 bombs (pp 9("S)
.11 AIt W(iContAiner carried 3(i 1kg or 2.4 2 kg bombs (p 98)
go
Cc11ie c..rid3
n (he-Ided8
Islk tS13(s
i - Ali 12 Ciitat~iner carried 42 I kg incendiaries (pls 99Itoll.
Al u(,IOMark '0S Containc- citried 3 Mlark S
sst;sr
owd
[Ilii.
Ipltn
ecoisl
Aills" sisrs~l~i
tylsit
22- SI
oms
t)) Alk 7ol)-l container carried 50 SI) I bombs (pN104)
I o) Ali 250-1 Container carried 96 Si) biontbs (pp 104-6)
11) All 250i-2 Container cttuld carry 224 SI) I bomb.s, or
a141 Si) 2 bombs. otr 1751I) IDA bomnbs, (pp 106-71
ared 108
I
an IICnanr
%D.Al
I20Types.
I-itAl
bob (p 107)
otinir
o
il I holis
2(3
Ilisle C,taie col car
9 aahue
oms p10I
flr~
adtheeS)
I i %Ik2150 l.F~ H~are Contatint-t carried '41 single can~ile
(pp 10fl-9) ,The
,s.raclotte flares
lrsadtre
Nk2S0 IlK carried 25 miodified re
%115bmbsk p189
I16) 1151136(w Ciontainer carried '320 1 kg incendiary
sitnibs (p 110)
700 carried 70I kgit icerdiary bombs (p 110)
I-) 11511
18) 115111000 carried 70 1 kg incendiary bttmbs (p 110)
19) Allt 5s(10I containler could carry otne of the following
fillings: 37
IOA
2SI)b
ombs,
R 92S
bombs12 s6kgin
n
ince-idiary bombs, 1 I 01(.loihsor162k
5 t
1111-13)
'(pp
bombs
cendiary
ll
CluterAdapter could carry 4 SI)50k
20) 50-3
or SK 70 kg I ruiicl, bombs, asl well ast 50 or 100 kg
french bombs (1i1i111-15)
ob
I OR
IS)
Al5011Cnanrcrid2
incendiary
I
kg
13,3
catrried
Container
50(0
221) AiII
biombs (p 110t)
nir
23) "Streubranil C Soo"' Container flit Scatter Incenir
Blomb) carried 1200i green celluloid incendija'- boxse
imimersed in water (p 117)
.j.) NIL i00 "llotlen"'Container carried 9 or I5 single
urisadoemns
soi
:7
G3
o.
with L)\NiL
rel'db
Cryit(
(rslt).aea
slte.m
rutorsl
aTritoro.
CTR
ccrdig
is
custiiniiiV
108 - 1.35X or X
-27
Its (coarse)
*-
ONerrgeant,
r(02)
The aniounit of fine material is then (80-\)
53 kg.
After thoroughly mixing 27kg of coarse Sb with 53kg
of fine Sbt, a small sample consisting of 36 parts of mixed
.SNad6
i
fKW wspedadtse
naN
Sbad6psofKn)wsprdadteediaNo1
delay clement. If insteA~of the desired time of 4.85, 5.15.
Sec was actually ob1tAiled, thlle this SboMixture would
need to be corrected by adding sonic fine Sb (3.50 sec).
lThe aimount of fine Sb to bit added was calculated using
the "rectangle" method as described above and a snmall
sar-ple of new, corrected, mixture was prepared. If tie
h
a
xcl
lmn
ea
oI
iei
burnin
rmenaNo1dlyeeetwsexcyth
Delay Compositians (Verzt)gerungswerbinidung~en). A briefin
of
W6%
desired .1.85 sec, the total batch consisting of
description osuhcompositions is gvnin the gnrl
pelleted.
and
blended
was
K).n0
of
64%
and
Si)
:rrrected"
gee~l
uo*gvn
Secitn.
I repellets were ground and screened using sieves of 225
Sotybefore VVII, Ithe Germans developed L,,asless
and 961 meshes per cmi. The material which passed the
hs
eoaos
utbefrceti
delay romposition
225 mesh sieve and was retained on the 961 moesh sieve
mixtures conaisted of powdered potassium permanganate
was removed to storage while the material which was
d antimony (Sb). F~ollowing is a brief descril'(KN~n( ) an11
retained on tile coarser sieve was reground and rescreened
on ofothie mtethod of preparation its conducted at the 'yroisas above. The fine material (dust) Which passed through
*dorf plant,
961 mesh sieve was saved for adding to compositions
Proceure:the
lwbrig
ob o
cniee
it K permainganate was ground in a
The dty crIystalline
to load a delay element (qv)
commencing
Before
of
size
particle
a
to
Kolloplex)
special mill (called
with the above jpre1 ,d mixture, it was tested as follows:
-imony. received at the plant
m Ti
0.0
about~~~
a) Moisture content.A weighed sample of a delay mixture
inabu fairly finml dide stte wanoud without
(5-log) was heated for2horat10.Itelssf
rrevousdryng r other' treaitmen~t, in a special mill
weight exceeded 0.2!; the entire hatch of delay comn(clld clwingmuh'le). Ihe eutngpwe wssp
position was dtied for several hours at 50a in a steam
atated in an air, elutriator into fine (griM, ti~ie under 40
heated oven before it wvcs loaded into delay elements
fraction
coarser
The
fractions.
microns) and coarser
to) Particle siz, of St.. % wzighed sample of a delay
mesh16,900
containing
sieve
vibrating
a
onl
was placed
mixtnre was leached in a Gooch-type crucible with
was
slieve
the
on
retained
fraction
the
and
es per enll
hot water to remove the KMnO 4 and the particlc size of
coars Ie SbN.For the preparation of 'quick
used as
the dried weighed Sbt powder was determae.cd (Refs 2
fine SbNwas used, while for
butning inixitures thet
and 3)
sow ituetecosematerial wuq more suitable.
rhe method for determination of particle size is not
Note:
For instance a mixture of 36!, fine Sbt with 64%
described in the references given below.
KInO4 loaded into \o 10 delay elemient (q vi. burned
A diffeient type of delay composition consisting of
in 3.5 Ito 4.5 seconds, while the mixture of 56r- coarse
) and silicon was used for the `00
3
NC, red lead (PbN
. o75sconds. Vith
bundi
KMn)
Sb 1nd64
The composition in the sleeve was:
bojnl
mortar
mm lIE
a loweri cointent (Sit .mid at higher content of KMnO4
and si-licon 20.6%, while in the
75.5
lead
red
3.9,
ZIW
coma
obtain
to
order
In
longer.
Iwas
the burnin Ig Itime
lead 72.0 and silicon 25.3n (Ref 1)
red
2.7,
NC
wasit
riellet
position, with it desired delay, the coarse Sb was
lheferences:
blended with tile fine matecrial.
I) W.R.Tomlinson Jr, Pic Aran Tech Rept 1555 (l945),p3o
1Following is an esxample of the calculation for preparing
l1.Ashcroft, BII0 S Final Rept 833, 11MIStationary
a ithadeay!2)
osideire
3/ o 31
(14),e2yp
dith,
afie
desired
copoitf
aodela
31
37t
,p
odn(96,Ie
fie
Su~pposec that it Is necessary to prepare 8 go ea
3) Anon, P11 Rept 93,613 (1947) (Manufacture of German
* cmpoitin cnsitin of36% Sb and 641 KN~nO which
Detonators and Detonating Compositions).
would burn for 4.815 sec in ia No If0 delay element. The
fine
3.50. sec.
urnng riwrin
timeof
f cars
is7.5
se
an
ofthe
Get 3-1
duitiog AVU co nsisted of metallic sleeves (of Al, ru,
ba,,or Coppvreu, Fe) loaded with "gasless delay corn.''.itioit q v ) consisting of powdered
0M~andSbanl
4C4
*lbs-stnvts,
The.
haki an inside dinmeter .3.3u t 3.45 mm
alld mln oursidh. diarw err of 6.45 ! 0 .0 2 mm Th
egh
0I.) of thlt sleeves when us ing brass was as follows-
~Ii
Delay inse
1. hli
85
1.
I.
9
24. 2
4
11).S
10
27
13
15.5
12
2,).~ 32
11
oftnslee
2
~ui~~rcsetprsursofV~
*.'icethod
g~m.Letil
f h
2)Anoin,
Demolition
RDX/TNT
Seations F &G.
ThuoIi,.~
I'
p) 500 g llafthohlladung
11lb 50/50
_____________________1
lDelav' in ;e*&
L. 'II
Deooinduk(ltPesr).Segealeco.
Detonot1#%-tf91,Jgkeit
The
fDtnto)
Detonations't'bortragung; Schlagwelte
(Transmission
of
Detonation, Striking distance). Also called "Sympsthetic
Detonation"s. The test is similar to the Gap Test described
in the general section. (See also Four Cartridge Test).
DETONATORS (Detonatoren); BLASTING CA.'S (Sprengis given in
uZtnd)
Ahrtdsipon
kapseln); Ignlters
t6e geniral section.A.Stettbacher, (Ref l)defines detonators
(Detonatoren) as reinforced blasting caps which are designed
to initiateexplosives which are difficult to detonate by means
of ordinary blasting caps.
The following military detonators were examined at ri~
atinny Arsenal during WWI and described in Ref 4, p 30:
Detonator R c ontained 4 grains of 75/2 5-L A /L St
mixture over 6.9 grains PETN.
Detonator T contained 3.9 grains of 42/58-L A /L St
mixture over 10.8 grains of tetryl in an Al cap. Both
detonators were used in lHE hand grenades.
SoLae of the captured German detonators in fuzes (some
times called gaines) examined at Picatinny Arsenal
during WWI are listed in Table 11.
Following are the principal current commercial detonators
and blasting carst
Sprengkopsel A consists of an Al shell, 11 mm long,
4.36 mm in diam filled with a 6 mmnlayer of PETN
weighing 0.11 g (base charge) and a 3 mm layer, weighing 0.16 gof80/20-L A /1. St mixture,called in Germany
h
"Mischsatz" (primter mixture). Both the primary
and secondary charges were press-loaded at 860 kg/cm?
(Ref 6)
(,er 35
Table 11
Detonators
Desig~nation
Upper charge
Interm~ediate
INwrcare1
ci it ge
Gn~ine A
6.aint. It
Gaine Model
I. A 59,1. St 411
1. A 69, 1. St 311
I. A /I. St
IDeto~nator
IMIX
RI)
Nost ,rsdi-te-
M1F
Land Miine
1.A9,S
and abaiv
hr.
:
1. A with cover'charge of black
powder
1. A 14.4 andti
1. St 85.6*;
1. A 55, 1. St M.15
PETN
PF.TN/TNT
PETN
47 mmnAP shell
PETN
*4)
*5)
~(I~'d~t569No
9) A.Izzo,
hManuale del Nlinatore 1isplorivista
rililano (1953), p 77.
(See also BIOS Final Rept 644 and CIOS Rept 24-3).
lioepli,
Dcnie.Atp
f emri
epoieue
yeo
e~isbeepoieue
Dtnt(~tnt)
rabie
before WW 1. Some compositions art. given in
12i
Tbe1
Com~p~osition
adsm
poete
Am nitrate
1 nitrare
C
N;mxdwt
NG(straight)
Aromatic nitrocmon
Vegeablmeal
Wodma-Coal (powdered)
N-Alkali chloride
Na chloride
Oxygen Balance
Trauz]. Test
lDetonit
l
3
pwee)(r1A
.42.7
-
Dtntletonat
6
Detonit
1
61%.
82.0
82.0
10.0
.
-
1.0
4.
2.0
-4.0
C
4.
4.0
--
20
0.5
10
1.
2.
22.0
8.0
10.5
+10.3%
225cc
-4.8%
220cc
+ 10.9%
230cc
+13.6%
235cc
Dinitrate)
See
Get 36
at) ElM) 415atnd Am nitrate 551.
The yield of DE:GIN was 710-715 kg or 1701' of the
1') EI.l) 45, Am nitrate~ 51.5 and Al 1.5'0
DEG used; theoretically it should be 777 kg.
* Note~: Nlixtore of El)1 and Am nitra:e fo~rm%~ a eutectic which
The nurified VEGI)N had the followine properties!
jperinits cast 'odig
light yellowish oil, d 1.38 to 1.39, N content 14.1 to 14.2!;,
* Refetence: Allied and Enemy Explosiver, Aberdeen Proving
ft po below - 100, b p (decomp ca 1620 and puffs off ca
Cround, Md (1946), p 1H5
2000), calorific value 1070 kcal/kg (vs 1715 for
NG).
water calculated as liquid, impact sensitivity with 2 kg
Ojosoberixolperch'orot, (Dia zobenlzcnepLerc hlorate). See general
weight 160 cm (vs 4 cm for NG), soliihility in water cA 0.4%
section.at
room temperature~and volatility ca 4-5 timnes more volatile
thtan NG.
Dik,. onltrobenxolperchloraot Oder HilrodiazobienzolPerchlorat,
DEGDN was used in. the so-called *cool" proknown also as Blitzpulver is described in the general
Referantes: uha
G
uvr
n
Gdl
uvr
- section under 1)iaztobcnzencilerc hl orate.Rerncs
1) O.W.Stickland, P13 Rept No !)25 (1945), p 57
Dicht,. (Density).See r~enmeral section.
2) A.Stettbacher, Spreng-und Schiesstoffe (1948),pp 6 1-2
(See also CIOS Report 28-61).
D, cyandlomid (Dicyandiamide). Its manufacture in Germany
* is described in BIOS Final Report 1720 (1947). (See also
Dimitthylamm,3nlum Witrato.See Di-SaIz.
in the general section).
Dimethyl ethyl enedinitromine (DNIEDNA).
Described
Didi.Pulver. An abbreviation for Diglykoldinitrarpulvcr
in the general section. It was investigated by G.R"mr
(l)iethyleneglycoldinitrate Propellaia) ' Stetthaclmer, SprengP111 Rept 85,160, p 14 as a component of some exund Schicsstoffe (1948), p 44 ~*plosive
compositions, such as:
1) DNIEDNA 12, RDX 50, R-Salz 36, DPIIA I and
Diesel Igniters. See Fuel Oil Igniters.
uacutd1
2) DMEDNA 2.5, RDX 96.5 and
DPhA 1.0%.
Dietyle
egycodinlror,
5c Dglyloldnirat.Dimethylniltramine
,Diglyko
Initrat Oder Dill (lDiethyleneDinitrate) (DEGDN or, DEGN). Preparation and
p~ocrts
ae gvenin he gen rat section.
Following is a.brief description of the German method
prepn as practiced at theK.meFaikoI)AG
a) 420' kcg of technical *Diglykol" (DEG), conrg' about
In. of ethyleneglycol and about 0.1% of water, was
run, slowly with stirring into 1218 kgsof mixed acid consisting -of 65% nitric acid and 35% sulfuric acid. The
acid was cooled to below 250 by brine circulated in
cooling coils. Total time of nitration was 22 minutes.
Nt:A great excess oIf nitric acid was used in o~rder to
retard the' decomposition of the otherwise extremely unstable spent acid. While the 'NG spent acid remained fairly
stable for days, the DEGDN acid had to be worked up at
once since ittdecomposed rapidly on standing.
'-b) After the reaction'was complete, the mixture was
cooled to 15O and transferred go a acparator where it
was allowedIto stand for 7 minutes. The spent acid
(nitric acid 8.9, sulfuric acid 64-66 and nitrated products
4-5%) separated at the bottom, while the; oil collected as
glycol
*300
*d)
*
*then
entheupperlaye
c) heasthe
pet aid
tanserrd o a"deitato',
while the oil, was 'nan into the primary washer' contg
liters of water stirred by air. The resulting acidic
i wash water contained an appreciable amount ofntiarvn
acid and was later Idenittated
The oil was run into 'the "main washer' to be treated
(with vigorous air-stirfing) first with 5CO I of cold water,
with 150 1 of 5% soda ath soln, preheated to 600
'and finally Iwith 500 1 of cold water 'is
e) A sample of the oil thus purified was sent to the
laboratory and if the K I test at 820 was not less than
:20 mhi the material was considered to be satisfactory
for use in, the prepn of the so-called Rohpulvermasse
(qv).toahhln
general
German
abbreviation
for
Dinitronaphthalene.
(iitoyo).Se
eeal
ia(inrnpraen)N)Se
Dn,(i
toahtaln)(N)
ecom
e
Ger 37
German abbreviation, for Dlmethyltammoniurn
DI-SALZ.
itfatea, one of the Ersatzsprengttoffe (substitute explosives)
emn
uia
WI nvdrt
.prdi
~combat
the shortage of TNT and orher highexlsv.
DI-Salt was prepd by the reaction of aqeuAiehl
amine with nitric acid (d 1.42). After vacuum distillation
crystalline substance wait obtained which decomposeA
explosively above 1200. The salt was found to be very
at temperatures above 1000 . In the dc..oa~kv'x -. 0r
'of DI-Salz it was observed that free dimetbyinruine and
nitric aei3 were produced first. This was folloutedl I
of the dimethylamine (by the nitric acid), which
resulted in the progressive formation of nitrogen oxides
as well as carbon oxides. The reaction accelerated autocatalytically into ani explosion. When the salt was dissolved
Dlnitrophenol. See general section under Phenol,
in water and then heated, strong hydrolysis took place.
No military application of this salt was reported.
rip
(Lquid he US A as
Dlnlrotluo(Kownin
IReferences:
1) H.Valter et aI , German Developments in High Exoil). W'as used 'by the Germans in some, commercial
plosives, PB Rept No 78,271 (1947)
explosives. 'such as Donarit.
2) F I A T Final Rept 1035 (1c,47), p 7.
"D~tnort " Rods were devices secured to the nose of A/P
Disintegrating
Rotating Band
Pro jectiles,
such an
105 mm and 150 mm~ were modifications of `'sabot" pro(Antipersonnel) bombs to produce a burst Above the ground.
iectiles. They contained at the shoulder a detachable
This assured a greater number of effective fragnments close
trisected
Iuide band, which was almost completely
to the surface of the ground. Fragments would be ineffect~ive
as the
y ut;, saced 120' apart. Thet band
if the bomb had penetrated the soil prior to bursting,.
odrwrserved oae
adad
ttn
bo urrlts 1Ie
In the 'case of "shaped charge bombs" the Dinort rod
acted as a, stand-off d evice to imp~rove the effectiveness
At the base of the shell, which was keyed to receive them.
'The holder itself was in thrse detachable segments held
Of the charge (Ref 2)
There were two ty pes of lbnort rods: a) drawn site-l tubes
in position by the soft iron rotating band.
(1.751, din x 23.6", long or 2.75" dia x 14.8'1 long) and b)
ti
eivdta
fe eaigteSn
h
oree
andth Labeievepadthatlafer leavingplth gunothre bouaratee
erluare wooden sticks (2 .25 tby 2.25" aInd 22.60 long) (Ref 1).
pi notresprt
ec
adhle
rvn
h
n
References;
sgments which were thrown off together with the pieces
rmy echicalManal M 9-9852
Dparment~l
1) he
of nietal which initially held them on the shell. The prohl 9198-2
Dparmentef
rmy echicalManal
I) he
whc rmined not only had a better aerodynamic
(1953), p 4etl
saethan conventional projectiles but also wasi about
.E.apll nd
.BSchilling of Picatinny
2) ~llRobnsn,
3%lgtr
Arsenal; private communication (1955).
mnufc.
genralsecio
uner
apthaene ItIss
genrad dection WWunodter
wihNintaphthalene.
Itws
aufc
at Semtin Fabrik atPadbie
Czcch(A.Slovakia,
Pardubice,
and used in some composite explosives.
Rkefercuices:
~a Aberdeen Proving
(l45
~PH~pt~o1110
2)PAlled aNd 18ey
(
xplosives,
2) Alie
rnmy
an
xplsivunstable
Ground (1946), p 117.
alo
ithegenralsecionundr
(Se(Seeals
eneal
insctin
he
uder Nptlalne).
aptaleoxidation
SOn
50a o
so SO.?O
(Diphenylamine), (DPhA)
See
generai
See 'general
(Diphentylurethane).
Diphenylurethan
ziection; was used by the Germans during VWWI as a
their smokeless propellanta
stabilixer In 'some -of
[P11 Rept 11,544 (1944)].Rerncs
*
* Directed Missiles. See Guided Missiles.
May
1944,
p 3013
Get 38
O:.Cance Piece (Kreuzrohr) (Ctosr T'ube). When a propellen~t
Temperature of eviplosion, aC
2580 to 3345 0C
el-hI 1r v of at'mi-fixt- utillery amnmunitiorn was smaller than
Volume of gases of expls ion at NT13
832 to 924
a cartridge case,
one or
in /k
several
tubular
sticks
of a double-base proDL114"t
Cartridge density (including the papet) 0.87 to 0.98
were
inserted
into il-e
Specific pressure, kg/cm2
9900 to 10270
propellent hag and t*.cd
Velocity of detonation, rn/sec
3800 to 4850
tightly at its neck. The
upper end of the sticks
TrauzI test vL:lue,
cc
435 to 4850
exe.nded as
1Ara th
Impact sensitivity with 2ke. weight,
60 to 70
bottom surface of at closing
in cm
cup (or the base of the
(see also under Commercial Explosives).
projectile),
while
the
Rerncs
LJ/S~fl~
lwer ends held the ba
Rerncs
ag~..inst the
primer. Witt
1) C.Beyling
K.Drekopf,Sprengstolfe und Zindmittel,
this
arrangement
the
Springer, Berlin (1936), p 94
propellent charge was not
2) O.W.Stickland, Gener%,l Summary of Explosive
loose
and,
hem 6. Iselld
Plants, P13 Rept No 925 '1945) p 6
& Propelclose to thc primer flash
P
~
5,
6
lent
hole, the propellant was
3)
F.Weichelt, llandbuch der gewerblichen Sprengreadily ignited.
technik, C.Marhold, llalle/Saale (1953), pp 37-8 & 375.
References:
1)
E.Englesburg,
The
Dappelit" der (Double igniter) for acoustic mines, developed
ordnance Sergeant, May 1944, p 321
uiA%%11a
ridfFeilDA-G
Thsmns
(25).B.ciln.g.,PctnyAsnl
rvt
omncto
consaisted of two delay detonators (crimped into a sleeve)
and mounted cou-axial ly with their bases pointing away
froma each other, and with their fuseheads connected in
*DMW-Pulver .Fast-burning
NC propellant used in 7.65
series for simultaneous firing. The fuseheads had one
:mm
tanard'carridgs
fr
pstol
an4 reolvrs.
direct connecting wire between them, while the other
mm
artidgs
sandrd fr
pitol
an
reolvrs,
connecting wire from each of them made contact with a
It was in the form of small greenish cylinceers 0.4 mm
metal ring on the outside of the assembly. This arrangemeat
diam and 0.4 mm' high, :which were not graphited.
petmikrted the fuseheads to he fired by applying an apA.Stetthacher, Spreng. und Schiesstoffe,Z~'tich (1948),
propriate voltage to these two rings.
p 453
Reference: W'.Taylor et al, BIOS Final Rept 644 (1945), p 17.
UoO*Same as Sevastopo~l Gun, called also Gustav
Mobigeulilt.
A device used for launching the "Taifun*
Geschlatx.
*TM0-195-2(193),
roke~
22 3.Dortmund
Gallery. See undei Versuchsstrecke.
Disto
lic
Composition (
Tal. 13
Donarit I
iionarit 1
Donarit 2
(Gelatin type) (Powdery type) (Powdery tyle)
*Nitroglycerin
pCollod
I*Na
4.0.
Nitroglycol
22.0-
cotton
Am nitrate
nitrate
o
Aromaiundts
* oudscalled
Trini~trotaluene
*Dinitrotoluene
(liquid)
Vood meal
*Dye,(Caput
mantual)
I1
.0
55.0
10.0
81.5
84.0
.
5.0
6.0
0.11
0.2
14.0
2.0
2.0
0.5
9.0
-2)
De~slgiknea(oaigmro
Deslglanr
sec~tion.
Rttn
aes-e
irrcmr.e
eea
eea
in 1868,
and NG.
a mixture
saltpeter
Get 39
c01nt14t with each tither and also with the outer
inner
Note: According to Weichelt (Ref 3) the properties
~en eratC r vn nt's , an ele ctro sttatic chatge wa dand
of
v
e
lo
p
ed .
n i
*hei rondensrt, which was connected to bt
" a e i s f l o s: t r p o
y l s o 6 0oIY
enerating
lynmtIarasflw:tepoeposn360C
C
c'oi -'t;, ,tr.w off the electric charge and built it up sufficiently
vol of gases at NTP 603 I/kg, cartridge density
to , tw tlie %leton-itor on impact. (The si"~ of the
:.
1.45,
electric
specific Pressure 9600 kg/cm2, veloc of deton
c igWAIScontrolled byvth utantitv of dust within the fuze).
6350m/
iCTaz
tsvlu38canimctestvtywh
I lie lectric circuit Could tic claseis lor firing by
2ieTkg
x teig
t1 cm.
alu ~
n
mpc estiiywt
1111 of three switches- : anose cotntact switch or
two
2k
egti
m
trembler switches set at right angles to tach other.
Dynamit N (DN). A current dynamite buitable for
An extremely low energy electric igniter was~ used
with
use
in
the
demo
0lition of reinforced concrete and
this type' of switch so that even though a small part of
the charge leak-ed from ti.. condenser, the remaining charge
steel construction. Its composition i~nd properties
would l'v sufficient to fire the fuze.
are gi'-cn by Weichelt, as follvws: RLUX 70 and
*The
fuze wits used in some shells, such ats the 37 mm
nititoglycol (,gelatinized) 10%; temp~erature of ex*
and sonime smaller' bombs;, such its the SID 4 andi SD
10.
plosion 4170 C, volume of gasts at NTP 746 I/kg,
Reference. TNI 9.I1?85-2 (1953), pil 190-2.
caitridge density 1.54, veloc of detonation 8200
pensrenru
0,fr Coeieu
~nn'Ge
n
tor.. eGenie
neL
d
ISkf
i~ Cj~iQ___
Circ~
e~I
r~
Seetc
mn/snc, specific pressure 12538 kg/cm 2.
Seero also Ammondynamit,
Ammongelatine,
virn
F
Dfos
-~UOfl
in
Tirec
6v.tce
DUSTFUZECondnser
DUST FUZEa)
An explosive made in Germany before
WT I and 'placed
on the British Permitted List in
1914: NG 31-33,' collodion cotton 0.75-1.5, NaNO
8
27-29, wood 'meal 8-10, Am oxalate 28-31, moisture
0 to 2.5!%: max charge 12 ox, ballistic pendulum swing
2.451 vs: 3.27" for British standard Gelignite can
tamning 60%. NG fFlrntxpoieVnN
tad,
N Y (1919), p 136 ',of
Dynamlt (Dynamite). According to Stettbacher (Ref 2),
dvnt.'mit- may be subdivided into the following groups:
i
a(j,.hr
i
'ynamit (Guhrdynamite). b) Sprenggelatine
(Blasting 'Gelatin, c) Gelatine-dynamit, and d)
Sicherhe itsdynamit (Safety Dynamite)
According to Marshall (Ref 1) the following three
dynamites 'given in Table 14 were authorized between
~JWI
'and WY; a for 'use in German coal mines:
Table 14
Components
34
to 39 16 to 22
0.5 to 3 0.5 to 2
-
-a
45 to 54 50 to 74
I to 6
1 to 6
6 to 10
2 to 12
_- to0 12
2,
1)awtnitrate,
Nitroglycerin
I1to 63.5
Collodion cotton '
1.3 to 3
Nanitrste and/or Knitratte
25 to 29
Na nitrate and/orAmnitrate
Vegetable'meal
6 to 9
Soda ash or chalk
0 to 2'
[Nitrotoluene and/or nitronapthalene
Na chloiide
2),,A.Stettbacher,
S kDuxlt
(Dukite).
Donarit
6.2
6.2
u50ka/g
Ii ~ .iv
ti5
n
as tittl~t,".f~.u
. o ii
NAIlki
%. al t it d1iffe rs frolv tilt val ue determindi
"l*ali 1wlb %h iit is us~tl hihr
e. g. (9
4 ,~l
tilt tilt e
*lli
ite.
inilieracl ab~e
it, ao'It
i
tx~ielift-ofite
iun
bared iatt witsVC
l. i mt . r 1 t4 4u i t , a g n . sr t,i
w a
o jdtu'l 11'ttfer14.~,olvlu
i'.
o.'
w ith4 tle "4fu-tive C alori fic
V tit,~
ihu-t with tallies"'te.bao,.. in .1 Caslorific bomb.
4..4w ul4
itletr Eftession of ilt Btore and undter Eneirgy
iiltt~t4t
PIropel'lant ( .liirtgt)
l~ftri'nVS
~fl4") ppR~1(4& 8
lttlpdwi:
isadt
1937 by the L~uftwaffe.
wits followed by several other types of electrical
l..,b fuzecs. All thenoa fuzes were cylindrical in shate and,
witfh tile, exception of Type 5t used ailuminum fur the cease.
Thconn
piral fuze consisted ofw -sections!
~
~ .
. i
c a ltled th e sw it c h bl oc k , w a s
molded polystyrene which t 'ait been machined to itak
visrioua ilitinger contacts, the trembler .witco'e,.. sitilt
in some cases the long lelaY gnr,Xur bridge.
h) *rhe lower Secri..n ornn*ined tilt: storage and firing
condensers, the re%istances and instantaneous and
short delay ignir.Alths
tm
were held in
Eiradrafohzsn ir
Mtile \, ire Eltectric igniteirr or Primer)
place by a black bitumen calking substAnce. The conI'.
u'wilt
inltelitp
~d
lt..k 1 .t
:~ri~psnffc
dtniseis
were
constructed
of
metal foil strips separated
iiit /..tcibvdii
i t% rI itt.
an
lleof
:1,-re.
tof2
by wax paiper, .:It wound on one c ardlhoari rylinder.
The ca.b~
resistances wereusal
loae ind.
Einfache Ziinder ISimtpli Ign iter or Prnimer) is describihi
letIc. Some fuzcs, as for instance EIZ (9),
edi n Peigan
lreko1 .f, pp 172, 174, 177.
descried in this section under Aerial Burst Fuzes,
contained the glow discharge tube, also called the
Eiinhelfspulver. Sov tandlard P'ropellantt.
long delay cold cathode rube. The igniter block fitted
into the bottom of the fuze and ctontained the black
Ei.i'Topd.'t~
i-~t
tlcopowder
flash pellet, the caver with three perforations
risebohverchrodnuq,
oracrlf su Pruungvon
leading from the pellet to the igniter bridges, and the
Sprenristoffem I Railroad Traffic Regulation, In struction
sotdlytan
The electrical bomb fuzes were either impact or time
v%
-). nforatin onthi subect
i r lsti ng Ex1 t:1losives.Iiomaino
hi
ujc
types.
limybe
ft~ndinFollowing
is a brief description of operation of 3 three
1) Z'.itscl~rifr fur dvi: iAcs.in6tt. Scltiess. und Sprengstoffcircuit electrical impaict fuze illustrated on next page:
ausimi
t1hbtv.tdasSS'
~ ~ ~ 1 vol 2.4 (1929), Supplement
As the bomb was placed in the plane, a charging head
It K.4i-lst
Z CIeist
nrersuchung der Spreng-und
was
clamped on the fuze head. The charging pins contacted
ceiiheI
2,25&~8
t8he- plungers and depressted them so that they could make
/.uedstftc(I
)1).,l'electrical
contact with the storage condensers. The two
Elamine 42 Cider Flaicheneismine. See under Landcharging pins were connected to the sliding conactr:. located
llitten aind also tin pl, 2b1-2 of TM 9-1985-2 (1953).
in the charging arm. These contac-s closed when the bmenb
had fallen from I to 3 inches from the ac.This prevented
Ejectingf Projectiles See under IKrunmmel Fabr~k, lDynacharging of tile fuze while the bomb was still in the aircraft.
init A .(
l.-sitp
(if Explosives. etc .The
two sliding contacts were connected to the positive
Elecac usefl~ekrrschr
/imner).Thedevlopent
terminal of the 240 volt battery. The B plunger circuit was
44f lecricl
nd lilct
tme fteshadbee carie an
connected directly while the Aplunger c ircuit was connected
in Germanyfi since 1920 and the greater part of the work wa
hogs
eetr
wthwihhdtw
oiin:oe
dontby he Reineral-Itrsi
Co.undr te diecton
NIV') with delay, and closed COy) without delay. The battery
dofeb
lI.hulntnnThein
o-crigina
Cobjectdof
the dieelopmnt
ws tapped at 240 and 150 volts and the two leads were
of 1.1tulemnn.Theorignalobjet o th devlopent
rioj to the voltage switch. This switch was set at 150 v
aistopodue
pojetils
fr a elctrcaltim fue wich
for level bombing and at 240 v for dive bombing, but it
Vould be set at the instant of firing. Ilowever, before this
could not be used to open the circuit. The voltage sw cch
~*i~kaax uccssfl
cmr~ere eectica bob fse as
as connected to the master switch which was usetl to
A
PUJMRBjettiscon
the bombs. The master switch was connect d to
the charging head which contacted the fuze head a -.i comr
,
S
L
pleted the electrical circuit through the fuze bodly to the
Bom~grz
111114
OTC"extended,
01811TAWAC-1
ww 916of
isis,
~
~
rih s
storage condensers.
150V
VOLTAGE
SWITOthe
VOLTAGE
SWITCI-lectrical
MASTER
SWITCH
~~2LIIIIII
u*
it'which became ctndutinttii
at .- :ri','ir6 ipredeirniii,'.l
.tart~d oin its t ravoliraye . At thmeinstant cthe I -mI, was
ecctory, ion electric charge wan put on thie storage c ond en ser,
and anot her smallher chtarge was put tin tc feiri1ng vc~itnser.
lThe time %ett iri (i;fthe- fuzeo was ;t~ ad to. I by viir i np thet
amioun t of charge placed on tiit firnpn condentser. D urinog
flight, nart of tbht charge on the Storape eonilen-;er vle.tked
240 V
3ELECTOR SWITCH
SLIDING
CONTACTS
III
Hr'I
ULJfuzes
CHARGING
HEAD,
CHARGING
PINS
c-r
3
R-1)I
R-
11-Bombs
R-3
C97
0-4
53
Digra
Wirig:-~*.**.-.*.
...
T1 Three Circuit.
JleskisjfiaFuze :Y.c>.
......
(,er 42
tt
ui*~r
t.i
ot
ai .~impii'
~i~t',~isis
~
it
iit
1rit-.
iatt
81 is
IcIiriil
whic)h
rSvillckallse.l
spt
c ol"Ast:4
a No
8 Il'lip~i
y set
cal,
I mhiFo
I
,v*rw~.~i'r~,itr( ivwte
rltrISi.
t
's 11
'5.
.;t ,iir
cdr - (Tl'iei
it~nitfri
jdl .~r
conS itSi
ii t'iiihiw
Nith ai:
W..~
.. c' n'iect.
rr
.
It
*
il
II-Sp
and
2(-2i
~ll.~.iiriivr(lnsitatitaneousii
igiiitrr
tic prlrinier),
t:1iii
~: iaii'i:8
de.,Ic
ni,*Orwic iinscanta-
lescribed in Ii
.1~I75
p
and
Eltetric
se,,iror~r
See
teCo'W'
of
tahe
h
Fuze.
"1Elefont"
El ektroibombe
general
Drying). See
section).
Enzian Rokoto (Enzian Rocket).One of tIhe guided rockersdeveloped and used by the Germans during "'ll . It has
been described by:
I) l:.Hoss, Jr , Guided Missiles, Rock,!ts and Torpedoes,
N Y (1946). p 43
2) A.l)ucrocq, Lea Arnies St'crites Allemande-, Paris (,1947),
p 99
5) Tm 9-1985-2, pp 229-32.
See also Grear IFnzian or E-4 Missile).
fCharge.
tmPlenSere
aProellnt
otn
IChage.section.
Energit
* Enorgit (Energite).According to Nao~m (Ref 1),
WAS 1; commercial rexplosive manufd after %V.cI by Nobel";
* lyna'nit IA -G3. The expiodlive was prepd by wet grinding
%.r~outis kilidtb, of surplus double-baste propellants in 'SExcelsio,"' mills between steel discs, to it particle size of
0.5 to 2 mmn,fol ,lowed by drying andi packing in cartridges
great
eplsiv
mn Ths
o~5
3eef
*5damI
t 31mm
Thi iamter
exlosve ws
as uedto
sedin a
:extent in potash joining.
-According to Pepin l.ehallcuf (Ref 2),
Energit and
'I~riwestfalit
were
industrial explosives prepared by
blending a smokeless propellant, (left as surplus after 1UWI)
previously wetted with about an equal quantity of a solvent
such an furfurol or acetone, with liquid aromatic nitro*
compounds and oxidizing agents such as alkali nitrates
of chlorates in a kneader. The strength of theme explosives
as determined by the Trauzl test was 330 to 350 cc; velocity of deitonation 3000 to 5000 rni/sec.
References:
1) IP.Nao~m .Nitroglycerin.etc, Baltimore (1928), p 449
2) J)lepin Loehallleur, floiudres,etc, Paris (1935), p 457.
iSee also Nitroglycerin-,Nitrocellulose Explosives (Mining
L~ixs '33, 35 and 56) as well as Triweatfalit SN j.
of
Entz'undungspunkt
(;er
II I .It ti,
II''
S
fr
1O i'S
2 7, W9-lVl4 14i)
Q)
)i
.:
~..vt`
kotolsioinsfrtacit /.un~f-
till
i.itItt.
d i
A Setl vulcwpri-ogi
iii418, 111, Wot-11i '
*prewar
-.
und'
I.t
:
l'i
I)
so-otA*(,
Dliv' vrcsiuctsfrvit.
1
iii:.k
-
jii
s Of .cl'uut t 90 k-4l, 1L(!. As it hido 1,revicusly'l
I 'VV fou nd that 1c r4'Iuc-t ion k.,
9,
aliki'.I.ItI
t.,
lift, of .1'
u
fklitrric
tic
ii.
(iuiyfi
h
P'ropellants
"t'11
1
*:. u .! x 3500~ m ti~li, firiungs.
ofr'i, tl,(
sts
.i ....
.
.....
.
...
I
i
or eveni 17,(001
f irii:k '. it liritlil
.4 kierimia'
.IN%iosil tilili
Vcr4v right, thtu tilt Its." I'lopi'iiiilits 511151:1.poissess iM
orifit v.tlt1(-s ofI ",
toi 5-ij kc .0
kp, 11,1inot f.Iio kcal, kg
~...l
.
f1
Ij
wt
''~l
til
'o. !,it'
soiut.'ts.
Thei
vatlu'
550-570 kc-d,*kA
the
efciv.c.
c' tc
~lri
valI i,
hes
-% vatlues were use~i by~ ti( (,erm'an s in 1,referetice to tilt' ca.lorific bomtib v'alue.s, such as 0i90 kca l,"kg.
'Ierd
as
t*
I ) I to (i.llIwi ti.
D ie
UcI -.ii~laduisg,
te
( 19 Li)I
2) UW%.Ftict a~ndI. vt .11, tieneral
Minsts, Illb Rc.pt Q15 ( 9 11).
Beri ins
I lecreswaffensamt,
S~ummary
of E'xplosiv'e
raayoit(usiueIhtie
which
other
say
yaiiei
iiroroirtio~.4 Ni. -,..- -stituted
by sonme
explosive in such a irc..nner that the resulting ct',-,is large
P.
Table 15
Ile!;ignit ion .,ndl
Amoifl;O
j llitI 11.1 11-1 II-I-X
S"
It
liJIlIil
S6
j.I)
Compo sition
S-.2
XA
,2
KNIA
E-4 Illock '_16
C,1()
N.It 1 TNX
liplo. Irxpo
not)
J.; .11
.lI.l- i
%0i s1.0
so
IW\t
3S2022
2S
50
oso
SO
S
25 21
4)
iin
i
404050
5%
.--
4.
..
II~iO''.30
..
.
..
..
V1I::I
15-25
20
55
44
32
4.
0S2
14
14
14
15.
15
i's
1s
30
10
14
15
14
30
.15
.(1555)
i n
11NI1I'h. A
iI.1
in .
AllI~.0'I
45
73.3
-
10
10
-22
40
00
15.21
610:50
* Nte (:5(.0
~ -? sn.,rZ,~
(*ptt(irinj; the loading of projectiles.
Abbreviations: Am Ammniontm: DNB lDinitrobenzene; DNH loinitronagphthalene; DNDPhA LWnitrodiphentylarnine; GuN
(,uar'.idinC nitrate; IINDPhA llexaanitrodipht'nylaminc; PETH Pentaerythritol tetranitrate:, PH-Salz Ethylenediamine diilhrate; RDX Cycionite, or hexogen; TNT Trinitrotoluene; TNX Trinitroxylene.
Na Nt
*
*
~thier
tae ED.eDai.
ED.e
imn
tolce.Sm
~tolcl
am
a.Gyor
lkl
(ser 45
Shell Forging Press is ai verticali type press
stinndlowdii!httorve.toppeug.aI
w
l
r
u
t
i
i
e
w
l
h
i
c
h
o
i
m
p
i
n
e
o
i
l
r
a
w
l
i
o
p
r
a
t
o
n
s
I
t
w
a
s
t
h
e
t ar e ?, whi l ic e ju rn ped ov er b o ar d t o bie pi ck d up I
I vsigne'i
and m'Aoud by Eumuco A -Gt,
L~everkusen;
the commiand boltj Armuy O)rdnance, 29?1,1 378f-80 e19J5)
Si hle'bust
, and used by th
folowling plans K ronpritr
A-0 lnimigirath,
ieifmnlit
A (iSterkradc,
Ej5aCroi
Ltr.Lroit)~
.. , col lod
coto
Kisr~n
Allbrecht A~ u , Solinj3en and ilitsenclever
Ci.3, ha~ nitraite 41,K ilitrai,
, i
.ci 4. 7, Na carhonau
* .
llitteio~
0J5%,; veloc of deton 4i0*'0 ii/%ivc at1 d I..!O.
ll'r.eNv. Ii) inal Itt-r' (fif C10-10.
jE~iiarnett, Eloxposive.s, Van Nostrand, N Y (1919) p 194
IExperimental Mine. See \..ulsrtL.Exudation
(or Sweating) Test (Ausschwitzu,,p.,probo..)
This
test was conducted in Germany' essentially
:Exp iosi-nsdruck (Plressuire of 1xlso. .e
its follows:
2
eealscin
A 0-g sample of TNT, 'nd'
nd cast .. a cylinder
18 mmnin diameter, was IIict-4 with tht bottom
part
Enplosionskraft Cl:'Aplosi've Force or Pouwer). See general
on it sh-ut of special Schleicher & SchUlle filter paper
sect ionl
testing oil ii, ..;ig,,inum plate. As .s reference standard
it similar pellet of Grade A TNT (s p ff0.4 tim 80.00')
Explamiionstcem. rotur odor Detonation stemperotu.? (Temcnper.
was placed about IUO mmnaway.
The ensemble was
.mture of Exilosion or of Detonation). See general section.
placed in an oven and left there for 6 hours at 72
The dianicter of the circle produced by the exudate was
:Explosionsw~jrie (fll.it of Explosion) See genuer-l section.
measured and if it was not greater than 315mmnthe TNT
wag considered as Girade A. Any diameter between 35 mm
* Explosives Develnped by HiWolter et al . lietween
1912
.and 76 men was considered as Grade li (s 1p
about
amnd 19-15, a team of chemists under the direction of IDr I lins
95)
* W tter aend which included Dr lienno Walter, developed sevlei addition to these two grades, the Germans manufactureral fxplosives by usin4 methanol and amimoin~a as starting
ed Grade
(;umikrytlii
* orkwin
ii~i~riils strte
*I m' inthel~euss l~bor8.70to 80.80.
iert - recrystallized) with a s pi of
tories in Frankfourt on M1ain and was transferred to Tetschen,
Note: it is interesting to note that sulfite (sellite) refined
Czecluosovaki4m in 19.J1. Theomo.st important explosives
TN T required a apof about U0.60 ii. order to p~ous the
*developed by% this group were MAN-Salz, Nlyrol and TrTRAGerman exudation test for Grade A, while TNT produced
Sils. ~
u'nnus
k hftei
osdru -atr
Myrla
h
by a nitric acid refining process, d1eveloped by D~r Willc of
nmost important,I followed by thee lTETRA-ralt and last by
Allendorf Plant of 1) A -L, ,passed thle uir~ade A test with
MAN-salt,
a s p of only 810.20. This may bie explained as follows:
A few less important explosives as well as derivatives
I., order to obtain a practically non-exudalble TNT it is
of the above three substances, and various mixtures connecessary to remove t~e bulk of the two principal inipuritamining them wcre also investigated, such as: DI-Sa~z,
ties of crude TNT: )N-T and the isomeirs (beta and gamma)
1.1N-Slzplu
N1-N
, IA-Saz
lusN14
NON
of TNT. Of these impurities, the VxT being of low s P1
MAX Salvs pt rehlorate and *PRI-salz.
causes higher exudation and is the most undersirAble. As
Reference: ll.kjalter et aiI, German D~evelopment infligh Exthese impurities adhere to the surf-ice of mrYstals Of alPham
plosive.s, HIAT Final, Iept NO 1035, PBJI Rept No 78, 271
TNT, the simplest way, to remove themn is to rinse the
(197).
crystals with a liquid which would either react with the
94impurities
or dissolve tleni without attacking or dissolving
Explosive Powered Vortices-.A weapon designed by Zipperappreciable amounts of alpjha, TNT. It has been claimed
sieyer to be used against airplanes duplicated in miniature
that while the nitric acid method removes both the l)NT
the effects of tornadoes. 'in his experiments, Z. shot a
and the isomers of TNT, the sulfite (sellire) method re
plrojectile filled with powdered coal dust and a charge of
moves only the isomers and leaves the DNT. The only
'finely grained rough-surfaced double base propellant from
way to remove the bulk of the DNT by the 2nd method is
:a mortari. When the projectile approached the vicinity of a
to use such a large amount of sellite that the l)NTwol
:plane the propellant was exploded by means of an initiator,
be washed ou~t mechanically together with the isomers.
* The combination of the forward component of velocity of Such treatment
would give is high s p (sa 80).6a), but it
the coal particles (created by the movement of the projecis uneconomical because a significant amount of alpha TNT
tile)and a lateral component of velocity (created by the
is removed together with the impurities IfteTTprfe
exposin
prpelant
o th wa suposd t cratea ort
by sellite has a high a p (say above 80.2 ) s'nd it still
* of tornado. Such a, tornado was expected to cause
a plane's
osiiiyo
h
rsnce
ax',teei ofhe sompurities
wing to sInapi off.
I ligh speed movies of this phenomin addition to isomers of alpha TNT,anoteimutes
enoz
hata
inicaed
cnsidrabe vrte efectwasacfiievit is clainied by the inventors of the nitric acid purification
* ed. lTi development work was niot completed L L.E.Simon,
prcs,0a
rcial
odne
feuaineit
German Research in WWI, UiHey N Y '(l947),pp 183-4 2.
with 80.2 TNT purified by their method because the bulk
* (eealsiem ude Kdme Fa"ko yai
-G
(or nearly all) of the DNT has been removed and if the
(Seeals
n erKrumelFabik
te C
o Dyami As
p is still lower than that of pure TNT, it is due to the
Explosive Rivet. See Sprengniet.
presence of impurities which are less liable to cause exudation.
Explosive Speedboats. Among the interesting inventions
Abbreviation: a p Setting point (freezing point).
of WWIIwere small wooden boats containing large charges
References:
;of .explosives
and desigined to combat Allied shipping.
1) C.lI.Brooks, Explosive., TNT Masnufacture and DevelopWhen 'the detonating'device was set, a bump against the
metorinGmayP1RptN2,90USOfcef
*frame;-work
was sufficient to set off the explosive charge.
Technical Services, Washington, D C (1945), p 15
:The boats always Ioperated in packs and were accompanied
2) o.V.Sticklsnd et al. Survey of German Practice and
* by a command boat.' Then targets were picked, the pilot
Experience in Filling Hligh Explosives u U S office of
siet the elettanating device, locked the steering gear in
Technical services, Usshingtowm, D C ,
etN
80 7
"Eurnoco"
(Fer 416
Fatlhaminerprobe oder Fallhommiierprdung 0(ldling; Ha~mmer
ITVst Viol,' Tvst or Impact *lest). See general stection and
AAtImeit
sprii~i%-ln Schit.:stoffe,
*!~tt.-tt~wi,-, spv.
Sii,.
1,1 1 lS-l 'it
Lv.,zil-
to(
ifol low
Foustpatrome (I. ,'t Ca.rtridge. Tank C..trtridfge) .
charge mititi.nt, ro~ fvt grt-na-de fired from at tubitlar Iis
charger. The. smaller niodel. Foustpatror-e I vins latr
-alledl Ponzerfoust 30, Klein and the larger model, Foust.
patrone 2, w'v.: called Panixerfcust 30 (Ilef IN
of a large
~~~The
grerade for the' lutu..:ecopsi uNced
I culy (v.,i'. I
b.r
ead! (contg lloC.11E' and a
':ehedfou spin
ii
atai~
t.'rnacng cc~h~.i
sItcel stinilixvag fins. The tube contained it base fuze and
a booster. The projector -41as a simple metal tube in %hich
ixas- located a propellant charge vontained in a waxed
cardboard cylinder hlacd in position by at set screw. ()n
the opposite Side of the set screw was an igniter situatued
* below a flash hole. on time top of the cube wits a firing
mechanism with a release button, firing pin and spring
and a ;a.fety catch. A folding sight, adjustable for a range
of 33 yards,wits used for aiming. The grenade was armed
1.- unscrewing the tail and inserting the booster and fuze,
open ends facing each other. The fins were wrapped around
the tail and the cylindrical part of grenade was inserted
telaunecher tube. The pressure of the fins against
~~~~~~into
the inqider of -.he tubi served to hold the grenade in position.
According to instructions furnished with the weapon,
'the fi.ring mechanism was cocked first, the ensemble was
placed under the right arm (the left hand supporting the
forward part) and the sight adjusted to a range of 33 yards.
the, weapon was then fired by depressing the release button,
thus allowing the striker to go ferward. When the weapon
w~as discharged, the propelling charge drove the grenade
towards the target, while a portion of the gases blasted
down the rear of the projector tube thereby offsetting the
recoil. *The back -blast of the gases resulted in a jet of
flame. 6 to 8 ft long at the rear, which made* it extremely
for anyone to stand behind the firer.
The tube was discarded after firing.Cooon)Seeerlsci.
*
*
*
Udangerous
TM 96-1985-2. (1953),
6n) W'.Ii.l1.Smith,
Sinai, %,:,"^I th: Vorld ,Military
Servlke
Iuhl~iqbi
%t llarr'sburg, Pa (1955), p~ 522
7)
g;..
.
-,...,d11 1I.ltullock, Museum of Picatinny Ar'.esal,
Dover, N~ 3 -r'vate communiCAtion (1955).
*Ferdinand". A self-propetlfed mount -onsin~n
A/'T run on, [zKpfw VI (III (See under llnrcl
Note; its imp~roved version was know-
of 83 mm
~lrmr.(mlSli~n
Forrosllizium
section.
general
oder
FouerwetkskgPrpo
________
RON____E
*(See
used for
4ni At sel'
1'-t-15
ir
~N~N<4
(;er 47
Fdlc
,
~Filler
Fillr i.,p1()
1,II Ip , Ipo2
1;1 IS
1.,, 2), resed%
wa.s used inl All shells
Filler No 12. IFpwl 4 1:pi + RImX/votx - )t;/lo, pressed
in C~arJIX~i~rd cOntainlers;, was used in Ali rhells
"Ntie: hi the abovi. mixtures Fp 0)2 flitliti put e *NI b
iv %, vlp tU and
20
,o mean TlNT plus 5, 10 or 20% witx
rwape11ctivclv'. to All shells, tile filler varied
With thle
svc 'ttoin of tile shell. The higher wax-content TNT was in
tie nose wihere the shock of iim*act was ntort
intense,
wlhereais, the booster surcotind consisted of pure TNT
F ier No 13 (Pp 60/40) . MIl No 40 and TUNT (An
- orresponds
to American 4i0/60 Attlatot. Its fragment
density wstr avc 39 meters vs 410 nmfor TNT. It was
cast loaded ins i1', SAP and A/V bonibs and shells.
Filler No 13a (i-p 50/501. Same as 50/50 American
~~~~~Amatol.
Its fragnenit density was 35 m vs 40 m for TNl;1le
it wats cast ipaded in (iP- bombs and land mines such
a- Tellermnun
Filler No 113.113. XIl1 NO 70, TNT 20 and Al W(I4;
was used fihr filling U~P &nibs. Another mixture consisted of Amt nitrate 74 and TNT 26".
Filler No 14 (FP 02) .TNT cast; was used for filling
tAJ, S.Al', AlanA/ibm.
Note: In the pressed forin Fpr 02 was also used as an auxdiary booster in all Ill' bombs oveA 50 kg and as a burster
in chemical ammunitin
(let 401
*Fi'l*Ier
*
*bombs
Fillet No I1I.
Am nitrate* g0, carbon 6 andmnra
matter 4%; was used press-loaded in s"me bombs.
-. f Ref 3, p 288 gives frir Filler No I1I1 Am nitrate 96
Filler N-. 112. Am nitrate SC, anti TNT 20!;- was used
in some bombs
Filler No 113. Am nitratce'TNT/Al powder - 70/20/10;
uesno idiatd
Get 49
Firing or Igniter Campositlon 121. One of the mixtures
used during WWII: silicon 25, Pb chromate 50, and K chlorate 15!, I'll Rept 95,613 (1947), Section U ].
te2.
Pieture
SAn
SFlnmmbombe. Aa incendiary bomb containing an oil mixture
and a Il' bursting charge. The following types are described
:in TM 941985-2 (19W), pp 52-54:
1a) Flam C 250 A (0 or C) contained 50 kg of oil incerdiary hmixture and TNT burstingcharge (p 52)
b) Flam KC 250; same filling as above (p 53)
c) Flam C 500 contained the incendiary oil consisting
of 701, petroleum and 10'; TNT, with T.NT ov,.,ting
charge (p 54).
(See also incendiary Pombs, l~raandbmn and Spreng.
S
! boashan).(Illustrations are givel under Biombe).
Flammability
Test
(Entz'indlichkeitrprobe). A special
.,:apparatus called "Flammenpendel" and its application to
testing of vacious explosives and pyrotechnic compositions
was described by F.I.e'nzc S -, W7, 36(-69 (1932).
Extinguishing Ad(F lame
Flammenaulo~schndzusatx
dition
or Flame Reductant ). See Flash Reducing Compounds in the general section.
PUZE
ELA
PROJECTILE
HOLLOW
STUD
BURSTING
CHARGE
FLAN4GE
-'--------
Flanschgeschosa (Flange Projectile), called also "Sqae.-zobore", or "LittlejohnIwas a subcaliber projectile provided
with a flange and three hollow studs as shown on Fif.
and described in the TMl 9-1985-3, p 360.
It was fired from a cylindrical rifled barrel to which
smooth-bored, tapered nuzzle extention was attached.
principal advantage of thc "flange" projectile
R'ee in
comparison to the other subcalibet ptojectiles was that
it had no parts to he discarded, because tIe alillow Prud
and the flange were easily depressed when t,,. oi..
o.h (..llr
passed from the rifled section of the yon t,,
raliher smooth bore extension.
(Compare with Arrowhead P'rojectile, Arrow or Needle
Projectile, Disintegrating Blani Projectiie, Ridchling Projectile. Sabot Projectile ,ndl l'ertd Bore Projectile)
Flare (LeuchtkugO. oder Fackel).
A
German
flare
isually consisted o'f a cylindrical container housing an
illuminating element. O.pon being ignited by a pull friction
igniter or a time fuze tOe flare burned vigorously producing
intense lightr ad heat. "The illuminating clcment consisted
either of a single or a multiple candle unit which varied in
intensity of illumination and color. Flares were made with
or without parachutes.
A brief description of the following flares is given in
TM 9-1985-2 (1953), pp 60-81:
1) LC 10 (Leuchtcylindrisch 10) consisted of an aluminumn
cylinder, a single candle in a cardboard liner, an"89"
clockwork fuze and a parachute located in the tail
end. The flare was dropped from a plane and at a predetermined time the fuze fired and ejected the candle
and its parachute from the "ady. Simultaneougly the
candle was ignited (p 65)
2) FB 50, Single Candle Parachute Flare (p 66)
31 LC 5OF Ausf C Parachute Flare c,',nsisted of an
aluminum cylindrical body with dome-shaped nose
attached by treans of brass screws. On releasing the
flare, the pyrotechnic delay (inside the fuze) was
ignited. This fired the quickmatch, which in turn burned
through the flash tube and ignited the black powder
charge in the tail. The pressure of the gases developed
by the deflagrating black powder, caused all four flare
,sandl.n and the parachute to be cxpelled through the
nose, after shearing the balding screws. Simultaneously,
the candles were ignited through perforations in the
ejector plate. The composition of the candle was Ba
nitrate 75.8 ,AI 16.5 and S 7.71. The burning time was
slightly over 5 min and the candlepower 216,000 (p 68)
4) LC 5or Ausf E, Single Candle Parachute F'are
(p 68-9)
5) LC 5OF Ausf G, Single Candle Parachute Flare
(pp 69-70)
6) Mark C 50 F/A Parachute Flare consisted of a
cylindrical aluminum housing containing a parachute,
fuze, quickmatch, single candle unit, flash , be, priming
composition and ejection disk. When the flare was
released, the aerial burst fuze started to function.
The flash ignited the quickmatch and the flame was
transmitted through the flash tube to the tail end to
ignite the ejection disk of black powder. The pressure
of the ganes developed by the burning powder expelled
the parachute and the candle through the nose. Simultaneously the primer composition and the candle were
ignited (pp 70-1)
7) Mark 5OlKasktadeTarget Indicating Flare consisted
of a sheet metal cylindrical container 7.?' diam and
41.0' long containing 62 flares (in three layers separated
by perforated cardboard partitions), an expelling charge
of black powder, smokeless propellant ignition disks
and an igniter (fuze) assembly. A heavy concrete nose
was provided to make the missile fall with the nose
downwards, when released from a plane. As the missile
fell, the expelling charge was ignited thus ejecting
the flares (candles). At the same tih:e the propellent
(jer 50.
F ABES
LAT
TAIL FIN
DO71
ru.rFELT
AAD
N16SFCAP.
CHRE
FLARE
ANGLES
COWOPLTPFNT
COMPOSITION
PLASTER oFL
PARISg
5'A DEFLARE
LB FI
UNIT
~~EJECTIONPLA'Tu
EFLASH
USE
'PADS
.
EJIECTIONCHARGE
FUZE
FLASH TUBE
FELT PAD
PARACHUTE
SHROUDS
PARACHUTE
SLEEVE
PRIMING
COMPOSITIONEET~
EUZE
POCKET
PA'~ANUTECHARGE
P A P E R
~~C
LA Y B AL LA ST
FELT
C O IF
C-SI
C
-SUSPENSION LUG
'
COli~PRESSURE
PLATE
CHARGE
CONTAININGPACHT
Pt. T
FUZE
CHARKLASH
TU E
'CONCRETE NOMSE
PIEC
RM
SLAC1111.K
POWDER
FARE COMPOSITION
ISITES
PULL CORD
L3NITE
~~Sk~~.T~~FLFLAE
CABLE.*
Identification Fiore
SUSPENSINWR
FO
FLP
P
Asp
utP
MARK C 5,.' it
IIPITER
AR
iF ARFELT
PARACHiT
PR ~i.CNL
LARA ET
FLARE UNIT
'LC 10SINGLE
BDDY
0F
CAIPERLINE
IGNITION PAqTITiat
(CARflDOA4r
SHROUD
POWDER
TOP
PLATE
LA
PARACHUTE
UNI
.---
PL
GIE
SOESGA
STATIC CABLE
LR
CARDeOARDBAKTM
CYLIDRRAKT
FLRE
COMOITIN
-,
FU
EEETINSAKOWR
&ARIGNIKER
PECHARGE
CAWNDLES
CYINE
PULL
TINN"CMO
CHA
ALUN
FLREANIGSELAL
CO ALLSITIONUICOVE
ROTAAIN
MATCH
PULL CO
SMOEOOCAIN
CLOSING
PECUPIIO
.u
JIN
Eu~
CHAINN
(;er '1
ili'ri,,n
di';'
each
vandle.
1213 11,"40),
See
also 1iO1S
I A
ditional
' .body.
Fflash
Ger 52
Plchftlgk
of cxlhos t,I
I'he methods
n. ..
Fuol. le coid Fl~.oritios. See ge"f IAct~el ;t t;. KiFabelindst~ic
oti
uv 1 l describe,!
*, ,l.~'tt..
:t.n sA Ie.et'. 4.. vra ,,.d(ll..'
tcl
ce
.i llus Final Rept 150 M95 1')
Filusz~p 'Tri (Liquid TVNT). See Drip Oil in the general
neto al-,&ropfdl in the hook by Stettbacher, Schiess-.nd A:'reitrgtolle (1933), p 240.
i~i...lidAirT.xplsivs, xylqui).
1`1ssielufspengtofe
f]~isigtufspragstff.(l~."ai Ai ExlosvesOxyiqut).
see' general section.
ForCrrde Tsds~ndto
determine the ability
of mining explouives to transmit detonation, called in
(serman Detonatlons~IM1ket Probe, was conducted as
follows:
35 mmniii diameter, were laid end to
enonrcrrgs
d ona bed of sand and one side of the train was detonated
by a No 3 blasting cap. It wits required that till four
canrdge he detonate,! completely.
IKvferente: 1310S Fintil Kept 1206 (1947), p 2.
Pp t;"llpulver)
h~he.
I'
~..,.d (mok-Sceen
gen).Se Neelsp
and
Am nitrate
NG (nitroglycerin)
collod cotton
MaNT (monionitrotolt'ene)
Glycerin
Cerelo poat flouir
K chloride
Amn6xalate
Bolus (China elakyl
Ilexnin0.7
Oxygen B~alance,
tra'u.lI Test value, cc'-
A~nation F~i4
,,j
Fordit ? FBrdt1 F6r______4
38.0
37.0
41.0
21.0
25.5
23.0
1.0
1.5
1.0
5.0
5.0
3.5
3.0
3.0
8.7
12.0
24.0
19.0
22.0
10
.
0M
40
for
filling shells,
(F~lIpulver
(Follptilver
02). Explosive,
88). Explosivcv,
pattern
pattern
1902 (TNTI
1888 (P A )
also
11F'~
o
Pcdt)
codn
oNoiNtolcrn
* laltitanti '1l'28), pp' 407, 411,Foetdites were permissible
* gelatin-dyt..ont'tes manufd after WVV!. Their composition is
inlabl
* 16.fragment
givn
*
____________________abl
16weight
Components and propeIrties
02
811
See RZ 73 Fiahn
explosive used
AnY
-19.5
2
4/0-TTNaI2m.
Note: As this method was expensive and time consuming,
the IKrlmamel Factory of Dynamit A -G proposed loading
an iron tube with an explosive to be tested and to dictonate
it on lead. No details of the last method were given.
References:mar
o xposv Pans
lns
fEplsv
umr
0tAGnrl
1)O..tln
G.Risner, PBL Rept
7
2)
Appendix
(1945),
925
No
PB Rept
85 160 (1946) and private communication Dec 12, 1953.
rlnTpeiitr(rnxne).SeudrIie.
Uerzlier.Seudrintr
rcinTpIaIgie
Friedier of Hlalberstadt in 1893 patented an incendiary
composition which burst into flame on contact with water
It consisted of metallic sodium or potassium incorporated
in a mass of crude rubber. The mixture was loaded in thin
walled projectiles which being lighter than water floated
onisuraeIailcioaie(92,p30.
34, 1320(952).
('et S
F-Stolf ( laitinim: Tetrachloride). See general Nection
,'..d is ai smoe-produ. in agei~'t.
wits
pI'll1
*or
~~Funltenchrengrh(SakCrnrah.Se
hoorps
Ger 54
2
fuzes (developed and manufactured by the RheinmerallBorsig Co) were used in all kinds of lIE bombs and in
flares. Among the electrical fuzes was the "proximity
fuze", type 6 used in incendiary bombs C 250 Flam and
C 500 Flam.
According to Ref I there were ten basic types of
bomb fuzes:
1 Mechanical impact and flare fuzes; used in 2 kg
Butterfly bombs and 2 & 4 candle flares
2 No record
3 Mechanical impact fuze; used in 12 kg A/P. bomb
4 Mechanical impact fuze; used in SC 2500 bomb
5 Impact fuze: instantaneous or short delay; (land
targets); used in liE (SC or SD) bombs
6 Proximity fuze; used in C 250 and C 500 Flam bombs
7 Long delay time bomb fuze; used in lIE bombs
8 Impact fuze (sea targets) with slight delay to
effect detonation at some depth below the surface
used in lIE (SC or SD) bombs
9 Aerial burst (short time) fuze; used in parachute
flares and photoflash bombs
10 Protective fuze; used in booby traps and SC 250
500 kg bombs.
Each of the above basic types existed in one or several
variations. The following chart, based on the information
obtained from Refs 2 and 4, lists these variations according to their numerical designations:
1) Mech Imp Nose Fs (3) AZC 10 (Hot)*, Type 3 used
in SC 12 kg A/P bomb (Ref 4, p 134)
2) (5) Elec Fuze was forerunner of Type 5 fuzes, but is
now obsolete. The A variety was manufd in Spain (Ref 1,
itfneweeiLa
(te
F' IZF5'(PM'A[3
t,,
~LEADS.
SAFETY PIN
TO
F'EtT
ri
;c !*WE*
SAFETt DOLT
PIN1ON
.1r.,
E ' Rc LELECTRIC
SArET Y SOLT.
ErT~t
PLUF40ER
4PACT FUZ
MENC
.'UU94M
E..:rRI
--
TIME FUZE
ALUMINUM
SLEEVE
SQUID
(17A)
.~
STRIKE*
-NOSEFUZE
PLYSTYRENE
CEPSRN
II
(3),.
PLUNGER
DETONTER
PAWL
SAFET
SAFETV
CLOCK
RELEASE
PLUNGERS
ALANCE WHEEL
TRIPPING PAWL
SAFETY PIN
ISTRIKER
--
RELEASE PLATE
DETONATOR CP
COTALFUZE
ANTIIN
ELBOW PIECE
SPRI[
PERCUSSION CAP
ELECTRICAL
TAIL
DS
TRASFRGIm
(46)
PLATE SPRING
RELEASe
RWRELEASE
KRELEASE
SAFETYSAET
PA
PIPUBEO
'.*
)AMN
WSE
RELEASE PLAT
RS
IGAMN
SPRINTG SPRING
SECURING
SCRE
USSION
CAPCREANSINGL
FUZE
59Z
rGer
5%
iluv N'o
1.5.
a.ttion (Ref . I, 1.-i
* I.4ee)
w Imh
11h,,
1e Aerial Ilurst I z EIl/tZ (9) or (t))$
31)
. Chemical --me I'z IIAZ (57) used in ";tg.bo:
uised in p.arachute flares atnd I'hotoflash atd gas bombs
IbOibs iief .i, 1- 157)
* (Ref ., p Io")
35) Mtech Aerial Burst Fz '
:. . in single & fou
4.) I'lec Im1 I-.-I..
. (15), or EIAZ C 50 (151 (obsolete)
camd!e pa.achutc flares anti
50 photoflash bombs
was used in S( 5 to 25u0 kg, SI) 50 to W.00 kg and She
(hef 1, p I t)
950k. boms (iRef2, file 2321.5 and Ref .1,1')
36) E.I,' Aetie' 11u.
.
.
& (59) A u:;.:d in A/i, and
5)
MI..I',"
ch I.-,,g Delay Time Fz F:IA Z ( 17), Type, 7
Inc contdinersa
ef .
u~e.I ist S .150 arid 500 kg bombs having two pockets
37) llec Aerial b.. it Ivi
1 used in some lfit bombs
* (Ref .', p. 15.'l
anti para.chute dlares (Ref (>) 1.1cc Mceli lime lI.z iZ (I171A, EIAZ (17)A*, I':IZ
38) \tech Aerial Burst I'-. 4'
used in supply-dropping
lJ*
()
used in 'he same hemhr. as VIA.Z (17) (,.ef .4,p 15.11
containers (Ref .1, p 186)
7) Mcch Time Fz ? 17 Hm use,! in "c 5u0 &- -000 kg,
19) Seecial Imp Fz /66 used i,. SD
ho'nbf
)
Ref 4, p 146)
pC 1oo0 t .and 1:4 ,11 100 kg tKomhs and Its 293 flving
40) MIech Tit,: 1'z A. (0,7')Z't used in tD ' 7 "'Butterfly"
bonb (Rcf .1, 155)
ih,,mh. It was located centrally in the ul1',r longitipdinal
8) Much Imp Tail Iz (23)A use.1 iri Baad LO kg, N1I 2 kg
surfat,. of tht. '
.,cf
o,:.r .4, p 159)
and ";G
( 3 K bombs, as well as in single unit parachute
.
IlM,..,
' " .
6",' used i, Mk Al " co,.iner to
Blares (Ref .,
134)
i8,,te
P
2 oI te
anita housed in the contauner
9) Me'h Imp und Antibreak-up z (21) and (24)A used
(Ref -. , p tl)
in the forwitrd pocket of SC 2500 bomb (Ref ., pp 135-8)
.12) LIce Aerial ir
z.
.o.
;.&
-,*ty 69C 11,
* .,ee a brief description under Antibreac-up Fuzes)
691) & 691. (l'ef I.
1
171)
"
, 250, 500 &
10) i.lec Imp "Fz -IAZ (25), (25) A, (25.
(25),\*
.
vn.!
in !nIIC l0 (.nta:ners
used in Ill: bombs (Ref .4, p 140)
4.3) Chem -.I, ; l.oni; Delay ant
"isturbanee
-z
11) F(ec Imp Fz IiIAZ (25)B, 25 B, (25)C & (25) 1) used
(70)A used in
21B bomb (Ref 4, p 187)
in St 50 to 500 kg and some Inc bombs (Ref 4, pp 141-2)
44.) Mech Ant...,sturbance
.z (70)13 & (70) B/I useA
12) 1-lcc Proximity or nip Fz, Special I:IAZ (26) used
in SD 21B bomb (Ref 4, p 187)
in Inc h,,,, i.C 250 "l.'lam (Ref-4, p 144)
45) Modified %tech Antidisturbance Fz (70)1B ums used
13 11 cc Irp FI
F
.z1AZ
(28)A used in lie bombs SC 50
in ircraft towed paravane bomb (Ref 4, p 188)
to 2500 kg antd Inc bomb. C 25t (lef I. ;. It0
46)1Elast
lee
ial
Fz, Pyrotechnic Delay EIZtZ 79,
(79) & (79)A u.4cd in parachute flares, SC 250 & 500
I l(bI':Fec Imp
ItZ 78 t': ,,ks [IA? C 0 28 (*) usd
eb-mbs, A/P & Inc containers and photoflash bombs
n16?)
Iomphs
(Ilel 4 p
in Fle
L
I)
(Ref 4, p 174)
Mcdi
47)
flying
bombIhp"AIl-t.'ays"
(Ref .i, p 189)Action Fz VZ (80) used in Its 293
flying bomb (Ref 4, p 189)
48) Ditto VZ (80)A used in V-1 flying bomb (Ref 4, p 190?
49) Mlech Aerial Burst Fz Z (89) used in photoflash bomb,
parachute flares and some containers (Ref 4, p 175)
50) Ditto Z (89)B, (89)C & (89)D used in some containers
(Ref 4, p 177)
Langzeit
Vorzugsszinder
Zmnder
Zeitzlinder
used
for
Impact fuze
Electrical time fuze
Electrical (fuze)
Long time (delay)
Safety fuzing
Fuse
Time fuse
Zu
7ZZSt
Zusatz
Addition
ZhnderzwischenFuze extension cap
stujck
Other German abbreviations are given at the end of
this German section, following the Vocabulary
Several of the (aermaio ouib fuses were examined at
Picatinny Arsenal as can be seen from the following reports:
,' A.B.Schilling, Pic Aran Tech Rept 1572 (1945) (Chemical
'LmngDelay BombFuze, EIAZ)
b) A/.B.Schilling, ibid , 1574 (1945) (Mechanical Time Long
IDelay BombFuze, L Zt Z)
c) A.B.Schilling, ibid, 1581 (1945) (Instantaneous and L.ong
l'elav, BombFuze. El 4Z 55A)
(See also Aerial Burst, Antidisturbance and Electric Fuzes)
Fu
(Gechossnder) existed even i
a greater variety than bomb fuzes. The former may be
subdivided into Point Detonating (PDl. z) and Base
Detonating
(B1F)
types.
A bief description
of typical
cr( S
rF'vR
r40
TRAIN
F-FftcsstonCLOCKWOR
ST~kicFR
AP
RKER
hltCka~nica
C/ckworl*
TTImi DIS
PULL~N
R~rit,4
TU
e
ONAL
CNAiNAiN
LEADLIPCUG
C14ANPJEgoHLE
WAKe
Ger 5H1
FUZES (ROJECTILE)
H A M M ERD
AZ I
Q
A72
PELLET
TOATO~O
FESA
PLLT INMIEU.O
LATER
INDTCEX
PL
CENTRIFUGAL
SEGMENT$
AND SPRING
DELY
SPRING
EN TON AT O
BODI
I EDLE PELLE
Iii~NT
NTRIFUGAL
CREEP
SECTONTHLE
ONX
DETIONATING
E__
OINT
WUODEN
DELAY NOL
MAGAZINE
AZ 23(0.15)
S~lKWOODEN
KI AZ
SETTINGDTOAN
DFTONATOR
PLUG
LASH
DELAY
COMPOSITION
CLSIG
LSH
/METAL
AZSETTING
CHANE
CASINO
PLSTI
FLASH
HUTTEPICHANNE ,
HAMIME
STRIKERPLATI
CENTRIFUGAL
SPRING RING
HEAD-%TLDS
AZA
FLATCOLLTRAESTCINIBL
SPRIN
INETIA
ELLE
SPRING
WOODENCENTRIUUAL
HAM
IERFIRSEGMENTSN
IPRU
ING
PRONG
AZ
NEEODEN
PIN
FLETOCILR
S
STRAKER
OKERHAMMERU
PELECIM
S P R I N GS
I N RT AEEL E TP
PIVOT~SEE
CENTNTUGI
NEEDLEPELPET
NEDLMHA
NEEDLER
TRK
P IN
R N
PIVOT
AL
ETONATOR
"
BRAS
UTA
Sand
(Der 59
It'"Ian 1 I Icet I It' 1.uZ. s isgvnby
Filgllesu.l litef .)
16) 1imp FA.13
sdi
3 mPo~cl
R
'lhe followving typI
tes litdlnd] briefly described
p)550)
A
52ue
n11m ~ott~ ~c
in, lefs .3 adf 5.
17) !mp Fs AZ. 51ue n1
mPoetl
ld
2,
I. Point Detonating Fuse
P 316 & 5, p 550) 15
sdi
5m
rjciewi
1. Imp Fz AZ I useJl in, 7S ihn aind larger caliber sheil
DOI nip l's AZ 1552 used in 15 mmni'rojeck~le (Recf 5,
5
(et
, 1 58")
l 51.!)
2. Imip Ies AZ 2 ;usv notr indicated (it, f 5,
1;),1
;'
, ~reV
.. 29;tas
o nine
Rf5
3..Piere Fv A7 '23 Series wtire kill iea.,a inieporelilt Wi.1
,
usdthroughout for (;irmain Artil lev~ .ti;)i~
,
o.-tly
2~
m
.V
~ jj5ie
.
Cnan shelf (C'let 5
fr
in
7 nmmandl large.r calibers. All the different fuezs
1,
is'
.)
leiring ~
~n~r2" 'hWere similar in functio',inp tn
1 'c
11V z AV. 5,072 UstOin 2
WU.nim.an,; '?/ 28 mmn
major difference s
a-mone. them were in tilc it:!,'
I h.
:.!it li.. for l'aperc 3 .,je ?.uns (Refs "I.I, ;I i & -, 1) 5511
'.,.Atypt. fuzes existed in the following vari al1ions.1) V t F z A:. 1S AZ 507', -,k .'.- )AAi, '075 used
l'rlswirh delay 0.15 .11 U.25 .. t)aluminum
i
7m
4.d,
/
.,~
miIa
reeaa~
boidy AZ .3(.1)and .23VO'.. 1
Isc
in shells i-r
0i - ; 1,p 19._: 5,,
45-5)
hi.m (jut an,* lOS lme
tI.
1lo mf~
itt. 1
At
-5 ustd mn fin-c
A./T ;I;..i.....b) !,,-:c Fr AZ :';' .e. ased in the 75 ,it,, Nlounr-vs,
24) Inq, z A7 I libl; .. id in
mws,Shell with HIC (Ref
(;u.i. jt~ei 5, p 5 76
.
5, 1) 5,86)
el1 lerc I z phlqutire body AZI2W (. l5)(Pr) and AZ
215)Much Timie and Imp Isz lopp Z 28K used in 210
`1V(Q..NlIr); Wit-% not indlicated (Met 1,1, 5)2fio
nrot proiec~iles (21 cm K(;r 38 & 28 cm Gr 39) (Ref 5,
ds l'erc 1:5zplastic body
pn605)
Stmoke shells I Kef 5, 607) AZ 23NhWlr used in 150 nim
20) Siech, Trime And/or Imp Is
opZSz
I sdi
e) Perc l's zinc body Al. 23V(0.b)(t~n and A/. 213V
88 mm And 105 mnIlI:L AA shells (Rids 3. P 383 & 5, p 605)
(0.2S(Z~n1i: uses not indkiate:1 (Ref 5, P 573)
27) Ditto lDepp/. S/60s; uses not in~dicated (Ref 2, P 318)
I) Modified Pete h-z -A7 .23umg used in 75 mm and
28) Mechl Time and Giraze Action Vs DoppZ S/904.45 used
'105 mm~lE shells filef ~,p575)
in 170 min 6un in Mortar Mounting (17 cm K i MrsLaf)
gl Pterc l's AZ. 13/21i used in 88 mm lIE AA shells
(Ref 5, p 601)
(Ret 3, p 3419)
29) Combination Vs Doipp'/ S/I160Geb used in shells for
h ) Perc Fs (delay 0.1 scc) AZ. 23/42V(0.15);. uses
Mountain guns (Ref 5, p 590)
not indicated (1e%5
53
30) Supersensitive. Imp Vs L~KZ C/28 used in shells for
i Pere Is '(modified) IJgrZ 23ntA used in 75 nmmILighL
0
Navul guns fRef 5, p 565)
* Infantry guns Anodier model of lJgrZ 21nA was used
31t
Ilece Time' l'z EIZtZ S/30; uses not indicared (Ref 5,
in 211W
mmnRtoclet .12 (21 ctni %gr .12 Spr) (Ref 5, 1) 583)
p 605
ntnaeu
adDlyV
nerB
lgZ31
Cr) 'zan
Pere l:z(Jelay 0.4 sec)
-Jgr7 2
32)ImInttaeuLidDlyF
udrBC ibZ35
and 2WfO.'1); u!.e*i not indicatred MRef 3. p 3416a 5, p 575)
used in 210 mria Rocket (21 cm Vgr 42 Spr) (Ref 5, p 585)
kt) l'erL IsZ Sjgr/ 21,Nh (slgrZ 213INb) used in Smoke
33) Ditto libgrZ 35K used in 170 mmnlIE Shell (Ref 3,
shiellb (Ref 5.4 ~5)
01
p 391)
Haote: Other, less important, versions of fuze 23 included:
34) Imp Fz (Russian Design) KTNI-1 used in 76.2 mini
AZ 23 (obsolete),' A Z 23 V(0. 8), AZ 2 3(0 2) and AZ 23
Ill.Shell (Ref 3, P 377)
(0.2Yunig (Ref 5, pp 573-4)
35) DA D~etonating Type Fs KZ f4.7 cm Pak Sprgr used
4) Small Pere Fz kiAZ 23.Series existed in the following
in 47 mmnIlL Shell (Ref 5, P 566)
variations
36) Mech Imp Fs (with a self-destroying arrangement)
a) Pete Fz '(sin ll) kIAZ 23 used in 75 mat lIE and KZ ZerlPv used in 37 mm liE AA Shell (Ref 5, p55")
* 75 Mmn
& 105m Stinmoke shells (Ref 5. p 5*.6)
37) DA Mech Imp Fz (with a safe~y device which it. released
.b)
Perc Fs kIAl. 23N'n used in Smoke shells (Ref 5,
by the disintegration of a pellet of gunpowder) KZ ZerIPv
p578)
used in 37 mmn
lHE A/T Shell (Ref 5, p 558)
c) Pete Fz with delay 0.2 sec , modified kIAZ 23V
38) hlech Imp IFs KZ/ 38 used in 40 mmnlHE Shell for
(0.2Yumg) used in 75 mm A/T Guns 40, 42, 76.2 mam
Blofors GJun (Refs 3, p 325 &. 5, p 56 1)
RuskanA/''
un 6 ad
Iel Gun 39 (Ref 5, p 574)
39) DA Imp Fz KZ. 38; uses not indicated (,Ref 5, p 561)
Note: Other, !ess important, *ersions of small fuze 23
40
eciIp
z(sf-stoig
K?4O rlvud
included kIAZ 23V(D *2). kIAl. 23/1, kIA?. 23M(.2) (Pr)
in 37 mm lIE AA Shell (Refs3.3 p 315 & 5, p 557)
kIAZ 23Nh(Pr) (Ref 5. pp 574 & 578)
41) Graze and DA Fz KZ, C/27,(l.M) used in projectiles
5) Inififrous DA and Graze Type Fs (with a combined
for Naval Guns (Ref 5, p 565)
graze ,and Dit mechanism) AZ 35K t-sed in 170 min lIE,
42) DA Detonating Type Fz used in 47 mmnlIII A/T Shell
Shell (Ref 5, p 580)
(4.7 cm Pak Spgr) (Ref 3, P 327 & 5, p 566)
6) lieeK Imp l-z AZ 38 uIsedl in hloC projectiles (Refs
43) Imp Fz (Czech Design) NII3ENZ 3/40 -'.ed in 47 mmn
3, 0333 & 5p 566)
Ge(irman Ammo (Refs 3, P 331 & 5. p 568)
7) Detonating Imp Type Fs (with DA mechanism) AZ 39
441) Pete Fs (Skoda Design) used in 75 mm and 83.5 mmn
used in 50mm IIE shell (Refs 3, p 337 & 5, p 569)
projectiles (Ref 5, p 589)
8) Pete Fz LIA?. 40Nb &40Nb(Pr) used in Smoke pro45) Combination Time and Imp Fz VZ 25;.uses not indicated
*jectiles (Ref 5, p 579)
(Ref 2, p 318)
I)Pere l's AZ 417& AZ .18, similar in construction to
46) Pete Fz TgrZ 36 used in 150 mmi Rodded Blomb &
AZ 49, were used in 20 mmnAmmno (Ref 5, p 571)
200 mm Spigot Mortar B~omb (Ref 3i p Ift9)
10Plerc Fs AZ 49 used in 20 mm Shell (Ref 5, p 571)
47) Mech Imp Fs WgrZ 38 used in 50 mm lIL %Jortar Bomb
:11I) DA Imp Is AZ 150 &- I5(0RhS used in 20 Mm Shell
(Refs 3, p 335 & 5. p 592)
(Rtef 2. p,315 & 5, p
r 564)
48) Imp l's U4grZ 50 used in 280 mm,100 mm & 320mm
* 12) Imp I z AZ 15021' used in 20 mmnShell (Refs 3, p 303
Rockcts (Refs 3, p 397 & 5, P 593)
& 5 p 547)
49) Imp Fz (plastic body) WprZtZ ACI) used in 80 mmn
13) Imp Fs AZ 1503 used in 20 mm Shell (Refs 3, p 309
Smoke Mortar Shell (Ref 3, p 381 & 5, p 591)
&5, p 547)
50) timp Fz Z 45 used in 20 mm Shell (Ref 3, p 304 & 5,
* 14) Imp Fs AZ 1504 used in 20 mmiShell (Refs 3, p 309
p 55 1)
& 5, p547)
.
51) Nlech Time Fs ZtZ S/30o & Zr'? S/30FSl used its
15 mpIs
Z151uedi 2
m hl (*fs2 p35
88 mm & 105 mm lIE AA shells (Refs 3, p 359 &365 and
:3 p 307 &3f
549)'
5, p 594 & 59 7)
NAZMED
0'~(
NA1ME
-FLA
Au~IRAI~~tE
DlING PIN
SPRING
CCILSPANEGuSFea,,.
ST~lK
PINRIA
PftIME5A
PELLE y
KFAI4
a..."nPP.USO
ERI
AMMERNALI
EED
Pd
T
NAT
OR
GA>N
-fO
OLR
Get (.1
YU ES
flOFC~1 L)
ALIUM uM
5AIEl
17
TRIKE0
R.G
1300STELC~
r.;i;
OINT DETONAING
SPAI
CSEOLE
LZ7
E2
AZ5OODI'H,?
I~R
TONATOA
i~c)
DER
PROTE~ASS
CAP
R~ANIN
CING'
11h1
riI
c
li
EEL GRILL
R ECTILE)
14*
.F-_4O
"tAMH.4Lr
A(ctz
LEV
H~~uST
PRME
Soosrt
OuAORONATn
DETT
NA-'
~:
WIER
PRINCR
"
IEn U
CLOSINGO
PEL
D B
C.A
ti
"f)Sli'rtthg1s/
t~un(afil .1.I
31%1iII & 5,i, 5.16)
1111.toels DOistantIng pufirin ISDFI)
I) litp 008)
*~
? 11Itttdii2
edn
,cit~i
'
nn
aus
jpL
*~
*plug'
a
comosiio (twelae et n hiiltacfloith
(L A/L St ). The intermediate composition brswt
Is
xtLrA
of
deitio
the
whcIfclife
Mtrn
sflames
mitpe Mifrsaepssbe I St h(Conelymxue
t'd on p6)
placed in direct contact with L A /L
Got 64
*(ROJECILE)
,~
1'~
ALADCAPTt~ft
50sAa
WASTER
(PA
-,
'TOMATOR
BRASS
PA
po WRl
TO-
fBdZ
_____-STE
OGIODY
CENTAIF
~3~ftIL
CENT'IORI
5TAIUGA
CACRING
ULTONATOR
LTDs
INCKIN&
MING
LJJ7CrINz
WING
~ ~
fI
T ex R
DovACER
TrK
RINNG
Table
f~met Owavfr
17
Upper
1.
SdItaw l'k. aWie
*%ooI
Illlack i'twdlet
(cover charge)
',l-NL. A i!. St
'.Ove
Sama- a'9/I54,'"-1.
%Si
re a.c
it
v
~"iamv
Lhower
AR
1. A
Ph I~
IN
A /I. St
N
a% above
PEI' N
50/5().TNT/
tetryl
Tetryl
I)l-liTN
61 17-I A ,L St
1. A /(:.% silicide
None
Nont.
(24/43/12/1- Bflack
powder/NI F /KCI()
Sb
S over(l. A /tii
12 7i/ll-L A /Sb S /
abrasive a 3
None
29/40/3l.*M P/KCIO /Sb S
121461111114' F'KdO
S6 S3 abtasivt
TN.AT
FNTT
il'l'rN
hlT~N
L A
1, A
-PHTN
l'lTN
en
I"mm
n'
Al' sella
Al
hl
Onm IIIl
IOmrn IIE
lIll. toper
17
moit Al1'
shell
shell and
bore shell
shell
1.A /I.St
PFiTN/wax
11/69/29/i-M r /KCIO S/
Sb 2 S 3 glass
1. A /I. St
PETN/wrix
14/86-L A /L St
None
None
65/45/-L A /L St
55/45/-L A /L St
HM453/8N
F /1CIO
Sb2S / abrasive
None
3l2/5KI
/Sb 2S 3
grit
None
14/38/42/6-M F /KCIO
Sb2S3/ Alass
F:41/41/3/15-L
St /59/39/2-.
Ba(NO )/b2S3/
W535-L A /CA
silicidie over PETN
PETN7m
PE-'TN/wax
RI)X
PETN
-lllN15mlE
A shl
88rm All shell
ll8mm AP shell
88mm lir klech TF
shell
10
.shell
94"(11, A/LeaCt4tUCI~
1. A./L St
(5/76/1 9.NC/lead oxide/
wax3-.
A /L St
/I. St
55/45/-L A /I. St
47mm AP shell
-95/S-PETN/
PE111
PFTN
-PETN
a~sllicon)over*(25/52/23
KCIO ,/PbCrO /silicon)
-.
MF
4 0/60
-tetfyl/TNT
(pressed)
A /PETN
L St /graphite
Tellermine
15
Tellermine
42 or 43
L A /LSt
07/13
-PETN/wax
and tetryl
bocoster
94/6-L A /tctrocene
94/6L A /Iettacene
None
None
Norte
L A /L St
*
None
6/0LA/StPETN
Air
-PF.TN
-PETN
PETN
Rocket 30
88mm A/T,tloC
Rocket
Maim A /T IloC;
Rocket, 150mm
Rocket 41
210mm Rocket 42
Abibrovia'loaa: AP Armeer-piercing; A/T Antitank; BD base detonating; CM Chemical, mortar-, F ruse; HE High oiPlosive; H~OC hfollow charge; Hew Hlowitster; L A Lead aside; L St Lead atyphnste; M F Mercuric fulminate-,
OMe Mortar; PD Point detonating; PETH Pentacrythrlrol tettanlttrate; T Time,.; Telikemlno Land mine
Get 66
I he next step wits to press into contact with the Inter- at a density of 1.45, heat of explosion 1158 kcal/kg, tempcrature of explosion 24850, volume of sgaes at NTP 864.4
mediate Composition the delay element contS a com-l
p~ressed pulvefulent mixture of Sb and KNtnO. The I/kg, specific pressure 9733 atm.
ReferenceiP.Naotim, Nitroglycerin(1928). pp 378 and 301.
Jetol.'Ator shell was then criuped just ablove the upper
end of the delay slrevq. in order to provide a seat for
(Gelatim,-Carbonite). Several varieties
GelatIn*-Corbonlt
the %lirolam sealing~ plug.
explosives are described by Naofim,
permissible
of
these
gasless
the
5-6.
pp
24-3,
Ilept
(;OS
to
&'cording
Note:
gasless delay luze powder ) Nitroglycerin, Baltimore, (1938), pp 407, 411 & 441, as can
delay powder (also called
he seen from Table 18
K permanoanate
consisted of about 70". Sb powder and 30%A
l or slow burning, or about *l6!t Sb and 54%. K permanganate
Tbei
:for fast burnin;' The' permahganate was grotud in 6 disc
Sh,
tir plate crusher mnill to approximately 80 mesh. The
wYas i;r..ur.*l from lumps in a -ibratory baill mill afid the
Gelatin-carbonites
poAvder was transferred by a screw feed into an air separatot
easienn
fl
j
and
Ingredients
were
size
in
microns
10
exceed
not
did
which
:The fines
some Propert'es
ciollrc-teA .and blendred with the perntansonate by meavns
41.5
31.0 46.4 13t 5
Am nitrate
Ltumbling Mill. The resulting mixture was compressed
* )
7.0,Nantae44
into Ltablets in -. rotary multiple punch press. (It is assumed
nir.e1..
NA
that the 'tablets 'werc formed to give more intimate conK ir
the
The tablets. wer
ivI~~)
ticIt between 'thea,
26.0
23.6 10.1 30.0
NG (mixed with collod cotton)
broken 'down in a plate crusher mill and the resulting
6.9
2.5
5.0
4.0
gelatin
plus
Glycerin
* .owder used for filling detonators.
25.
4aclrd
402.50.
T he fusehead aseby (see Fuschead Manufacture) con
4.
VeTabl mel1.0
isigof biidge wirc, igniter bead, two lead-in wires
Ulrmin0.
0(iasuluteJ by Nhipolam) 'and the Nlipolam plug wasIinlrain
'serted in the detonator shell in such a manner that
*
f-2.2 + 5.3
13.1
Oxyge Baac-~
'the PlUgL rested on this, shoulder of the ~econator shell
260
200 225
220
TruzlTs,
formed by crimping. A second crimping was then made
.20
rn/sec
Detonatiob,
of
LVeloc
connected
were
wires
lead-in
te'
nd
plug
the
above
to a source' of electricity when the detonator -was to be
f~ired.
1
-1,44-1 Gelatinous explosives
Gl aln.ha,
* Rfernce:
such as Na chlorate 70, and collod
chlorates,
on
bated
0
S
11
M
2,
item
JO
0S Final Rept 833.
I ) A.Ashcroft et al,
gelatinized with liquid TNT 30%.
* London i(1946),Appendix A3 ,cotton
Reference: P.Nsoi~m, Nitroglycerin, Baltimoie (1928),, p 353.
2) Anon, Manufacture of German Detnnators and [Detonating
Compositions, P13 Rept 95,613 (1947) (Section B to L inc).
asdrckptronn.
'GasiotrnenSee
Gagenhuf 1ge *der' KumulotlyC" Zlndung (Running Towsard
or Cumulative Primning). ln order to increase thle efficiency
of an explosive charge it was initiated, simultaneously
from the opposite ends, using 'two electric blasting caps
or piece of detonating fuse.
,
und Schiesatoffe, ZUricc18 p15.
eiatin'-d
enite
10.6
07.6
Dinitroglycerin
uug.nestalt(Gelatin-AstrAlite). A plastic low-.fteeziflg
3.5
4.5
ns
nicootolu
epoiebased on dinitrochlorohydrin (DNCH) Several
0.5
Naphthalene
varieties existed, of which the composition 'manufactured
32.0
32.0
nitrate
Ammonium
wide~ly used in Shaft
before %tyjIby' the Dynemit A -G waslsost
2.0
2.0
Potasiu nitrate
in %otherrock work
rezig r.:ess and
sikig
5.5
nitrat
snigby'the'Sodiem
3.4.5
chlomniride275
colder
the
durinug
desitced
is
* were,: low-freezing dynamite
05
3
I2
c
es
z
ra
parts' of the Year, such as in, building water power plants.
700
350
grams
firedamp,
in
Chrelimit
propand
it hod approximately the following composition
atties: gelatinized dinitrochlorohydrin (DNCH), including
Reference: P.Naovim, Nitroglycerin (1928), p 419.
NG 30, mixture of DNT and TNT 10, and Am and Na nitrate
blockt
Pb
400cc,
value
test'
Trauzl
60%;
meal
wood
with
crushing 18.0 mm, sensitiveness to 'initiation required at
least a No 3 cap, proparation (gap) using two 25 mmnCalGohatitie.Donarit (Gelatin-Donarite). A type ot gelatinous
w~,velocity,of detonation 7300 m/SeC, best
trdes2.
industrial explosive containing about 50% of Am nitrate,
of explosion 1127.5 kcsIl/kg, temperature of explosion 25340
of mixture of dinitrochlorohydrin with nitroglycol and
1.4.
~'30%
densiy
20% of other ingredients. its properties are: temp of caae
emte ob
hc
gL4t5n..Atai
d henst
cartidge
as required to contain gel-L plosiori 32250 C, vol of gases at NTP 803 I/kg,2
eran airoas
poredon
veloc of
,
kg/cm
10100
pressure
specific
1.45,
denst
atinized diuiitroglyco1L 30, 'aromatic dinitrocofupoundo 8,
deton 6250 rn/eec, Trauzl test 380 cc and impact sensitivity
4,Aimnitateand vegetable
'armatc tinirocmpoi~d
with 2 kgs weight 20 cm.
ee:trauzi value 415 cc, Pb
8.Isprptis
'ea
oei)
ne
(See alo, nrtGltnTye
reblock crushing 19.(l mm, rensitiviness to initiation
Spreagtechnik. C. Marbold, Halle/
rop.gtion (gap)(using two 25 MmT Reference: 'F.Veichhelt,
o ca,
'qure atlest
Saale (1953), pp 37 & 375.
Im
'lcity Pofgdtonation about 6500 rn/sec
50.
flareatrileast
catigs5.
- 4,lct
fd
th
A type of draie
aIdded 0. 5'L
teB gophlor
dnite
inw 'hpt
f
thle M; is replaced by dinutrochlorhydrin.
Note: Aromatic ititrocompounds have beemi used in other
countt'ies to rcplace part of tlte N(;.
To* the ll. group belong explu~sivsa containing ramall
.lrrounts of NG andi appreciable amounts of cooling agents
a% alkali chlorides. D~ynamites which contain larger
amounts
blogteblasting g~elatin
N(;1
II
Ollod cottotn
Vt,-, table meal
TNIit& lNT
I lydrocarlton
Table 19
IIi gh-strength gelatin-dynamits
"lasting.
81 It
801; 15% No I
IIa
gelatin
75.8
5.2
1.8
92
5)
-
K nitrate
Na nitrate
Alkali nitrate ;and/or
K petchlorate
Kperchlotate
Cooling agents,' sucht
as alkali chiloridesOxygen lalance,%
nensity
Trauz I Test, cc
Pb Block Crushting,
innmm
Mox Veloc of
Detionation, in/sec
licat of Explosion,
kcal/kg(ll 01 vapor)
(kithr gelatin-tynaimires
No 2
No I No 4
No. 4
70.4
41.6
5.7
75
5
5
(62.5 156 to
2.5 1 to
8.0 3 to
4 to
61
5
H
4 0.0
I 0.0
19.3
15
27.0
6.0
7 .1
.j+4.41
400
1560
12
5 *0
-I
116
.1.0
12.
41.
12.
18
1.1.
+7.0i .12.0
*.
11
290)
18.0
5
12
1
.
210
19.0
310
20.0
250
18.0
20.0
7000
6500
6500
6500
6500
1215
1010
850
1150
800
2800
2500
3000
2650
2 to 4
--
-7
-1.55
8000
2 .0
+0.4
1.6
561
24.0
to 210
-
to 10-
-2S
No5
.10.01 lx
.40.0
-
-.-
15.2
al3o
sm
Anramongclatinc)
lbeIvI~'tflosgvscnoiinad
properties oi typical gelauin-dyitantxtes
Components
and so.me
properties
Temp of E-.xpln, C
Note:
Due
to the
shortg
3200
onirrmatic
295901
compoundsTal20Getn.Poprt
lDesig~nation 2
20.0
5.0
0.5
5.0
2.5
36.0
4.0
21.0
6.0
*0.4
+04
20.0
5.0
0.5
5.0
2.0
30.0
10.0
27.5
-
-1,
-1.
21
Get 68
Galt'n.Prsprit(t~'l.ti-l'osjt'itI).
ccodig wNao~m
were low-ft(Vxing gelatinous
~tnIt.N~~e
I N1
, x1'losiites
Ib.sed on Ji ni trtchlIorabydrin. *F-i~
hlt 20 lists
* w ~~Golbinehi
,
c(S-v prov~iou% paw
Revlcreorcs:
152
1,)
I) N.InmII, Sc'lo.q- 1110 SJ'tengswffc, lDresi
0 1(lR
NA~m Nito~.ycern,
h~ltmore (128).
Geloliore.Romperit.
wm9 . 1,
Gelotin*-Telsit
Same : as
375cc.2)
t,.tV~hl
*
*i.o..
2Gel
Same as Tetraititrodiphenyl-
-~1
NG 47.5, collod cotton 2.5, K nitrate 37.5, wood meal
'
3.5 and rye meal 9'.. (Naotim, Nitroglycerin (1928), p 3301.
Wice,
low(Geilnrin-Treraocnite). tjelAtinized
Geltitn@.Tremrvilt
It Iee'sng explosives,, nanufd for many years by the Castroper
Sicherheitssprerngstoffe ,in Westiphalia. r g :a) gelatinized
di- A~nd trinitroglycerin 47.5, INT 5.01, wood meal 5.0, Am
'22.5. and N.a nitrate 20.0".; Trauzl value 400 cc;
*nitra~te
b) gel.atinized di- and trinitroglycer Iin 3u.t, IJNT 10.0, woo
1
2.0, Am nitrate 4u.0, and Na nitrate 18.0!'; Trauzi
ivc,
Same as Tetranitrocarlbazole.
18.Gabgnit
(eVi.-ors
Flour).
~aoaca i
Mos.(0l~
(Cnaga
Gos o0
(162.08) x . Carlwhydrate obtained from agar-agr~r. its aqueous
solution-. were used in somt amtmonium nitrate explosives
for controlling the plasticity, such as in Wetter-Wasagic 0:
NG 27.8, NC 0.7, Am nitrate 30.5, rock malt 39.5, gelose
0.7,erenceals.3 and talc 0.5".
Rfencs
1) R.Aslhcruft rt al, B 1 OS Final Rept 833, Item 2,
MIS 0 , London (1946), p Al/.I
PD Rept 62,877 (1946), Table 1.
Gelsenkirchen Testing Gall ery(Schlagwetter-Versuchaastrecke
Gelsenkirchen). See under Tcsting Galleries ii. the
ti
gnrlscin
Getilt 38.- See "DO Gerlit 38', under Abbreviation- at
the end of the German section.
of'd04.0ae'0c
're
itdudrWaos
al
Fragments
qame as
See
Test).
Gelatinferung (Gelatinization).
*'Gel
A-Dsmtto
ea
I
Components
N ntolcrn
DNT (dinitrotol-iene)
Am nitrate
Na nitrate
Dextrin
INa chloride
07
5.25
-
)70
18.00
39.00
oNo
07
5.25
22.00
-
21.00
10
References:
1) E.Colver, Hligh Explosives, N Y (19111), p 167
2) F.M. Turner, Condensed chemical [-ictionary, Reinhold,
N Y (194 2), p 289.
Tal
3(Gositelnis.Porsalg,)
De.,,j nation
No I
o
K perchloratte
Am nitrfre'
DNT
DNN
35
443I
810
8
14
abn(odr
odmal16
skr
atchdtoismiddle, ft rang'e of %bout ()o miles0.1
17
w'as attained. Utbea! using this projectile the lateral disOxyenlt lanes ,cc0.
+.
persion wantt onily aboofi 2 mils. (See at-to tinder ArrowTruletc'30
2
vojct l).Gesteint.Wastfo~li
(tueste ins-Westphal tic). An amotonal
GEISTEINSSPRENGSTOFFE (11l4t ting Exp'losives).
typeC explosive consisting of Am nitrate 8.1.5, l)NT
* These are exp~losives suitable for Hasting rocks, ores.
12.0 and A! 3.5r, (Ref 2, p 114).
cosruton
t ,ht
o fr~aseour. coal manes. Tile
References:
following types have b~een usco:
1) A.Marslttll, Exjtlosiveat,Churchill, Landol,,,v IG(9I), i. 3841
G~stein.Alb~
C 'aprhorate
80, UNN 12, wood meal
Butn~&amett,
Explosives, VnNarnNY(99.p1.
3, phenanthiete.3 aind NG 2 (Met 3, p 129)
3) 1.Nootim;Schiessfnrengsttoffe, Steinkopf, Dresden
Gesteins-'Dorfhf 'Am nitrate C-5, TNT 15, K nitrate 5,
(1927), ppt 129,133
rye flour 51and Na chloride 10;velocity of detonartion
4) P.Naofam, Nitroglycerin %;-c.Williano. & W.Cilkins, Bltsimore
(1928), p 428
4605 rn/sec ,a t d 1.17 with s' So mmndiameter confined
chare
19). (Rf 2,p
) C.lheyling & K.tDrtkopf, Sprengstoffe und Zundn~ittel,
chprrgee
2,93196)
Berei
Gestains-Kotonit (Gesteins-Coronite). A type of coms6piner BerlDain,
('936)
tr
f odr
n Eposvs
tiercial explosive several varieties of which are given
6)rl.D
isTeChmtyofPw
radExoiv,
in Tahle 22
Ta ble 22 (Gestelinh.Kortiflt)
Desigation and source of inforinution
M I
o2
"
Ref 3 ,p12 9
Ref 3,pt 29
Refs 3&6
Na chlorate
76.0
83.0
~ '2.0
Monionitrhaphlthalene (M~NN)
5.0
8.C0
*Dinitronapthalene (DNN)
5.0.-DNT & TNT
20 .0
Nitroglycerin (NG)
4.0
3.0
1.0 to 4.0
Wood meal
2.0
1.0
*Vegetable meals
1.0to 2.0
Paraffin
8.0
5.0
3.0 to 4.0
Oxygen Balance
++3.0M19
Trauz1 'rest
.290cc
Pb Block Crushing
20 mmnn
* Sensitiviness to initiation
Required at least :No
3 cap
Ga Test (using 25 mm-8 cm
cartridgesr)
*Veloc 'of Detonation
5000 rn/sec
* Density of Cartridge
1 .57
Ifeat
of Explosion
12 19 cal/5
32
365'k
*Temp of Explosion
C.omponents and some
properties
*.4,
T2
Refs 3&6
"15.0
20.0
-
1.0 to 2.0
3.0 to 4.0)
280cc
20 Mtn
No I cap
8 cm
4300 rn/sec
1.46
1241lcal/g
3.9C
Get 70
title. The (iewehr 43 weighed 9.7S lbs together with a 0.25
Glylolnietrat (Nitroglycol, abbreviated to NG). See general
pound slingali~d It 1.4 pnund magazine. [m.Johnson, Jr
section
OidJmilete 29, 306'- 310, (19.515)
Gew~blices'Glyzerin
GwblcePrengmittel (Industrial
See oni~r~ri&,
*
*
*
Exposies.Gly
Gw hi.elutrh
(Loss of Weight Test)~ to determine
the stabiblity uf an explosive.- or a propellant, is described
*in a. -i-Metz. (1944),
p 246 eL..
or mining explosives),
43
Ger 71
I.,ostou
retier deree. thnwa1xpc1d
leai~ ff lire
RePt 925 (1945), P 13 and
the l egfre t a w s e p
e t d
3) t1 .1M.Kl lke, Recport on Appendix 9, p 90
The new propellant was called 5 "W
V isit to Lu nc her
Pluvet (G stands for
8 F actory o i
Ii A-G , CIOS lRcpt 11l.68 (19,16),
*he first letter of Gallwitz).
pp .1-5.
D~ue 'to the fact that "Polyglykol" (or
straight DU(;N)
GRANATE (Gr oder gr ). The term
a, good Xelatinizer for INC, it was
"Graniate*" is used in
possible to prepare
Germany as a base wvord for
Tpropehlants more homogeneous than NG propellants
various
types
and
with
Bty
adding
a prefix and/or a suffix to the word oftheroundn.
smoother surface grains. Manufacture
exact
of "G" propellants,
rnature of the- projectile is indicated, r
g
c spt~ ciall y. th ."ro lling -t vpc
ra
tio
n
,
w
a
q
m
u
c
h
e
a
s
ie
r An d
dangi-rous and no rolling flaws (often
ss
observed in NG le
r rH
prpon-aat p e g r n tS
E hl
sh l
* pellants) we're observed. Another
prrlE
advantage of G propellant.,
Srngaae4
Was that they permitted the 'incorporation,
pg 4
I
hl
a aee
without becoming
britt1.e," of materials which do not take
br u
part in the gelatiniNebelgranate
N bgr
Smoke shell
zation, such its K '.ulfatc (flash reducer),
nitroguanidine
Gewehrqranate
(NGu),etc (See also "Gudolpuilver").hadrnt
Gewgr
Rifle grenade
tiBeing a good gelatinizer :DEGDN may be
drhn
rnd
used in smaller
Panizergranate
Pzgr
*
quantities than NG 'and in a wider
Artno,r-piercing (All)
range. For instance,
whil e. the amount of N G~should
shell
*
sults, Dl-GDN may be'used in thebe 40-45 'c for optimum rea z r an t 39
P g 9
range of 20 to 45%, the
remainder be~ing NC stablislzer
3
z r 9AP
-piercingat
(such as
I c appemdA
* dite) and one of the following: urethanes,centralite, or scarbapistrcin cappe,hg
phithalates, flashbalsicahh
reducers (such ks K sulfate
or NGu). vaseline, graphite,
explosive) shell
Pa~ega~t
0
Psgr 40
Mg oxide, etc.stncrieoe
Pselwt
ug
One sucl, prope~iant: 61.53% of NC
(blend
of
soluble
and insoluble NC givin.. an average nitrogen
content 12.2%),
Panzergranate 41
Pzgr 41
*
26.37 of DEGDN 7.50 of ethyl centralite,
All shell with a tung1.60 of vaseline,
0.65 of plithalate, 0.25 of ' Mg oxide,
staen carbie gorufo
0.1 of graphite and
2.0%
f
slfae ad5
alorific value of 690-700 kcal/kg
Gewebrspreng..
'is against 1120-5 kcal/kg for NG propellants.
Gewspgr
Antipersonnel rifle
antgrad
As wec mentioned above, the DEGDN
is more volatile
Gewehrpanzer
(uewozgr
than NG (4-5 times more volatile) and is unsuitable
Antitank rifle
for
Srnte
* tropical climates.
g-enade
GewehrpropaPropaganda rifle
Inasmuch as the' German troops had
trouble with "G"
gnarnt
propelas duin
rnd
capin
GnGlwZ
Haprop
se "usingthe the .fi~
Gewehrfallschirm.. icitrte
prdctaofatrintyengalyclw
illuminating para.
leucht gzanate
prpoedusngth
ntrte
cnute
rifle grenade
podctoftretylnelyol
(TEG), (calle idTriglykol in Germany).
Granate H~eron
GrBe
Anticoncrete shell
This nitrated product
(TEGDN) was only slightly more volatile
G
a
a
el
ol
a u g
G il
than NG (about
*
Grnt
lI,2 times) and was quite Isuitable
hl
ohadn
Grlhlowcresel ol w c ag
for hot climates. 'the
German
Artillery
rounds
of ammunition may be divided
rcpace~eh
of
DEGN byi TEGDN permitted the proutio
into Patronenimunition and Kattuschmunition:
*
of propellants with even lower calorific
'value than the
A) Einholtsmunition *der Patronanimunitioi
ordinary *G propellants. For
'One-piece
instance one containing
ammnunit Iion or cartridge ammunition).
*58.55% NC (a'blend with an average
It is an ammunition,
N content of 12.2%,1)
the,
complete round of which may be
25.10 TEG-DN, 12.00 ethyl centralite,0.25
loaded into the
MgO, 0.10 graphweapon in one operation. This corresponds
ite, and 4.00% k sulfate had a' calorific
to American
value
of
650
kcal/kg.
fixed
*TF.GDN
ammunition.
poasesses the same advantages from
The complete round consists of
the point of
a
cartridge
case containing a primer and a
view of its galatinixing properties as
propelling
DEGDN and likewise
chreTecae
iprmntlcipdtohe
permits the i corporation: of non-gelatinizers
rsuch asRjcle.
sulfate and NGu.
S G" propellants 'are silow burning
E g:Rounds used in AA guns,
and are efficient in
caliber
mm,
28 aim, 30 mm, 37 mm, 40
I eiapons where a projectile remains
mm, 42 mm, 50 mm, 20
75 mm,
in the barrel long
8
m n 0
m
epnete
o ghcoor ust on f t e p ope 'a n . A l k nds
N ote : T h e G e rma n s de s ig na te d the ca lib e r o f
of, guns large howitzersmom
and mortars are in
gun s in centimeters but we designated them in
I All of these weapons have sufficiently 1 this dma,'.
millimeters in order to
long barrels
conform to the American practice
for. complete combustion of the powder.
"G" propellants
B) Koakachmunition 'oder Getrenntemunition
in flake'form were' found unsuitable,
(Separated
however, in medium
cartridge ammunition) is an ammuJnition
* and rsmall .caliber howitzers and
somewhat inmortars because a prctermediate between American semi-fixed
jectile does not remain for a sufficient
and separattetime in the barrel
loading ammunition. it consists of a
* for comp
projectile which is
lete combustion of the propellant. In these
Go 5m prplatweefndobeqiesibe.(e
eases
placed into the weapon first and a cartridge
also "Guldollpulver", Erosion of the Bore and under
case (conPro.
taining a primer and one or several base with propelling
*pell-ints).
charge), which is loaded into the breach
afterwards.
The cartridge case is not fixed to
References:
the projectile. The
number
of
bags
with
propellant
I1)Uto Gallwitz, Die GeschUtzladung
could be varied, according
(Propelling Charge)
to the range requirement, at the place of
.hleereswaffeiismt, B1'erlin (1944) (English
firing.
translation is
Note: The Germans employed cartridge
available)
cases for nll their
ammunitionain order to prevent the escape
2) o.V.Stickland et &I,General Summary of
of gases to the
Explosive Plants,
reat of the weapon when the breach is
opened; they never
Iitrruners
US~~
te rond~~crjdin
*~
A*Ger
use tie
crrepodin
roms
oth Amricilseparate
laigammiunition.
l~~~Te
K~irtuschenmunitiorm war used in somne 75 mm rounds
:as well as in 105 mmn,150 mm, 170 mm, 210 mm. 24c: mm,
280 mmn,and 353 Mir. guns. or howitzers.
72
9) 75 mm included:
a) All With Tungsten Core, Arrowhead Design
(7.5 cm l-zorl.atr 41)usdith
AniakGn
,
Pak 41 (P 378)usdithAntakG
Ill HE (7.5 cm Spstparr KwK 34) and AP SWith
Ballistic Cap and AP Cap (PzgrPstr 39 KwK 40)
us' .1 in KwK, KwK 40, StuG 40 and Pake40 (p 398)
c) 11cC Tyr, 39 [ 7.5 cm Ur Part 39 (111-1
used
ir GrbK 15 (P 399)
rr
n (See
is alist mofk P hee rojectiles)
rane
K-vK, StuG, KwK 40, StuG 40, GebK 36 and the
steli t st o
heses
projetls arranged-3
Recoilless Gun for Airborne Troops, (LG 40) (p 400)
ca
gestuether
with the referene
oT
-953
e) HoC [7.5 cm GrPart KwK (IlL/B)
used in the
1) 20 mnmincluded: OerlikonAP, Mauser AP,Solothurn AP,saegnasboe()41
PerlkonIII
II:andSolthun
Maner
II. ae dscrbedf)
Smoke (7.5 cm Nlbgr Pair KwK) used in the same
In I N 9-19853i ppt 358)0F-(
guns as above (p 402) (See also Smnoke Projectiles)
2) W820 mm included: IIE 2.H/2.0 cm Spgr~latr
and
g) HE (7.5 cm GebG 15 Alumioa~usn) used in Gehl(
All PzGt 'used it, Tapered Bore Gun, PzB 41 (pp 1",1-3)
1 p43
J) 30 mm incl'uded: AV-, lIIIE, IIE-T, AP with Core and
h)l HoC (7.5 cm Igr) used in LIG 1S and L Geb
lnert-loadcd projectiles used in Solotburn AC Guns
i~i 18 (p 404)
(pp 379-82)
i) lIE (7.5 cm li~r 18 AZ 23 nA) used in LIG 18 and
4) 37 mamincluded:
L Geb IG 18 (p 405)
a) IIE-T (3.7 ciii Spugi L'spur) used in Naval C/30
j) lIE (7.5 cm SppxPutr 75/50)
used in Sknda
Gun
(
382)Dual-purpose
Gun (p 406)
6) AP Without Cap (3.7 cm Pzgr) used in Pake (p)
k) HIC, Type 38 (7.5 cm GrPatr 38 HL/A) used
captured from the Polish (P 382)
in LFK IS (p 407)
AP [7.5 cm Pzgr 40 (WI)Pak 40 1 used in Pak 40
1
sdi)
Pak41 (lodel383) (37c1Silrnt
Pak 4 (p 83)
408)
d) AP Without Cap (3.7 cm PzgrPatr 18) used inim
P
75c
zrarKK3)ue
nKK
18 and Flak 36 (p 384)
StuG, LFK and in Recoilless Gun for Airborne
e) liE (3.7 cm SpgrPatr 40) used in Pake (P 385).
Troops (p 409)
f) AP Without, Cap (3.7 cm Pipm Putt) used in Pake
n) HoC (7.5 cm GrPstr 38 IiL/A KwK) used in KwK
(p 386)
38, KwK 40, LFK 18, GebK 36, StuG A0, Pak 40,
g) HE (3.7 cm SpgrPatir umg) used in Pak (p 386)
FK 15 and Recoilless Gun 40 (p 409)
h.) Il1: (3.7 cm SpSrPatr C/30) used in C/30 Gun.
o) APC (7.5 cm Pzgr 39 FES) used in Pake 40,
(p 388)
40/1, 40/2 and 40/3 (p 410)
5) 40 mm included: liE (4 cm SpgrPatr) and HE-Inc
p) HoC (7.5 cm GrPatr 38 HL/B) used in same
(4cm Br Spgr Putt) .used in 'Flsk 28 (PP 388-9)
guns as given under (n) (p 411)
'6) 42/28 Mmnincluded:
r) HE (7.5 cm SpgrPatr 34) used in StuK 40 (L/.!j),
a) fiE (4.2-2,8 cm SpgrParr L Pake 41) used in
StuK 40 (018) and Pake 40, 40/1, 40/2 and 40/3
L'Pake 41 (Tapered Bore Gun) (P 374)(p47
bl) AP With Core (4.2-2.8 cff, Pzgr Pact L Pake 41),
a) kloC (7.5 cm Jgr 38 ilL/A) used in l.JG 18 and
used in L Pake 41 (Tapered Bore Gun) (p 374)
L GebG 18 (p 425)
7) 47 mm included:
t) Projectiles used in captured 75 mun Belgian,
a) A Wih
arbde
Tngsen
Cre rrohea Deign
Dutch, French, Polish and Yugoslav guns are described
(4.7 cm PzgrPatr 40) used in Czech design tapered
o
p40 1,45
1,40
2.43ad45o
'
hore guns pale (t) and X36 (t) (p 375)
918b) 'HE (4.7 cm' SpgrPatr 36) used in some Czech
910)7/8 Msw
h
rni &w rjctl
eeoe
design guns (p 90)
a
e) desgn
H Ausria
4.7 m Sgr~ar (ci~iuse
France by E. Brandt (p 369)
inH Auhseria deig [4.) cm(p391)(6
se
11) 76.2 mm included the following projectiles used in
dn APC~e [4. cm3Pzg c 36391u)d nCzc
captured Russian weapons:
d) P~r~tr
m
AC [.7
3 (t]
ued n Cecha)
lIE (7.62 cm Spgr 284l/4) used in GebK 307(r)
design guns Flak 37 Wt and Pake (t) (p 392)
(p 4(,e)
b) HE (7.62 cm Spgr Part 39) used in FK 36 (r)
8)mmicldd
P 5h
a)APWih
ugsten Carbid
Core, Arrowhead
and Pak 36(r) (p 426)
D esign (5 cm Pzg~rPatr 4OKwK) used in the Tank
c
P(.2c
zzar4).sdi
K26r
* y lulcia
*Flak
In
~34
GullIE (5cm S pgrPc386) usdi.KK
b) 395)
p
ou *ap
(5cez~~t
d) zgr
AC act
(5cm~wK
tuna
95)e)
s a~ie (p
use
w)ue)
in(he)
Pal 396(r
cW
) APC (7.62 cm PzgrPatr 39ro) usedin
38 39 and Pake
(p' 428) (r)
lIE (7.62 cm SPgrat
280/2
t)used in
PakI 36(r
(p 429)
lIE (7.62 cm Spgr 284/4) used in eKI 3907(r)
(P 30
(p 430)
g) HoC (7.62 cm Gr 38/2 HULB) used in JKII 290
(0) (P.430)
liE (7.62 Cm Spgr 39/2) 'used in JKII 290(r)
PROJ[CTILPS
GAAE
Ea
Ma
I cunI
-RACER
Tgeretore Gun
v~
Li
57
64URPLC
V~C.AR
~..?WIEPLAS71C
FUZE
47m
N 2f
mm
ALSTChl
---
Tf
140L
TVTt
I
6
0AC -1
rr
Ta r
-VASIN6
47mm
7 nm
ALAL"U
S~
CAR
I.*
OE
V~~PACER
COM-0-
o~5C
0: sc
a
*
't~
I"L
S01,nm~A
AP!/1M4
75mmRH
14 717C
B~t
C~fTAP
LISDISP
*
8RNIIsm
SURL
IS
1, 4p
TIC CAP
:'
RANATELI)
I
FIAl I I Tlc
too
1) ziZ' IL
ItA
Ll
11c.
PI F Ftr IFsr'
c "p
(AINE
Cul
t
p A
PuP T
!trEL
iiovy
srIN
ZHAPIGE
ST
oAPrj
ZE
E
GAINE
TRACER
Sh
/rm
39 FES
Gun 38
FILIZ
Unm
nwHf,
FVZE
F UZ E
FU7E
'1 c"
ZL
ell
11
005
0
FOR'
DO
E
CUP
Bu AST
ING
OiAR
URST,ING
ARGE
BOOS
ER
'up
BOSTIN
CURGE
GAIN;
7517)m HE
-3hell 42
BALLWIC
AP
7jj
ell
r
PIE CINC,
A
mmA
I- ,39
FU
;1c
BALLISC CAP
CUP
LLI
MERCING
AP
IERCMG CAP
p
STEEL
BODY
BURS7
ING
CKAWA
R5T
C
UR
R
GA
lrvzc
RACER
..
ER
PRO~LTL ES
IY
(7R' "forlo
1 4/.
ABURSTINGN
Ain
CAG
SPC
26
Ik/
(GRANATFIN)
Jr/I
o
A~/F"
L-
/05m
/ S/i!
t5or
LL
n~
71 77reSo/
m/1/Oi
of~~~~~~~~~~
ZJI3/,//Rrj&//
t OfIl
____
PROJECTI.LES
mrnii Ht
""
"
'
((ANATEt4
~ .rr,4
~Yrnr~ 1
(Jr 3.911)
IiIM
LIrn~
.50m /5
Ani~concrele
I/o wilzerSA/
,~p,,,, IE150 mm AP
~7
b/o lay/~nn1C
ShlPo
,
concrc/eS&//
~r/9~fe
p
/_50
/ 50mmY/15 1501mm
8/K'! Two /9 HIE 5he/
ivilhGrne 56 (Cas/ SAkW)
ev
/0HE
/
o(
?mI
S/h
5/
//
I
eWl
(jet 79
(See
Simoke Projectiles Icharge;
p) Ided tiombI (15 4.111Sut*elituae 42) used
31 (P 4198)
~ lE l~cm(r18 ued in slFIl11 3(p 500); HE
(15 cmnJIgr ifl) used in AIG 33; lIE with Base Fuze
and liallistic Cap (15 con Spgr L/4.4 BdZmiit Ilaube)
us;ed in Ki \Irs Laf (p 504); lIE with Nose Fuze (15
cmSpgr L!/4.6 Kv) used in K39'(p 504l).
it) Sundwe I I Si cat 11r NO' osed in sits 13~ (1p497)
*also
*SIG
*
Vin
- nomto sgvni
eeecs
olwn eeecs
sgvni hh olwn
The saminfomto
Ammunition,
List.
Inven~tory
Materials
W/ar
Enemy
1) Anon#
Supreme I leadq'io -iters ALF,(1945), pp 1-154
Recognition Handbook of German Ammunition,
2) Anon,
Supreme Headquarters AEI- (1945)
s)SAP(ISc'.n 1'"g!) USC inl K 39 (p 504)
Anon, German Artill;;y Projectiles and Fuzes. Ordnance
0)3)
c Pgr ued in K 9(
t) l'(1
Bomb Disposal Center Aberdeen Proving Ground and U S
1 m , 8 b se nsF11 ( 0)
u)Soe
Navy 1;omb Disposal School, pp 1-177 (N Iate)
v) A/C. 015 cm h~r'19He used in sF11 18 (p)507)
Note: According to Ref 1, PIP 111-3, the following larger
AP projectile for utikno%%n weapon (p 509)
At-)
caliber projectiles were used by the Germano: 380 mmn
509)
(p
19)
Rlt(
Cal
ileIV(Is
!'it)ject
AssistedI
X) Rocket
lIE and AP for 38 cmt Siegfried Kaflons C/34; 406 mm
types used iii
following
12mmicluded
21
21)
1.1Ithe mm
i~lIE
and AP for 40.6 cm Adolf Knonaue or for Navy gun,
C/34; 420 mmnHE, Anticoncrete for 42 cm
Rusin
wapos:Schiffakonone
capure
howitzer, called Gamma MIr~r 540 mmnHE for 54 cm
a) H11 (05.2 cmwSpgr 436) used in KiI 433/1 (r
615 mmnlE for 61.5 cm,
heavy howitzer, called Karl "Irse.r
and Kit 433/2 (r) (p 510,
heavy howitzer, ccalled Karl Gwr~t and 800 *,m HE for
43 Be)use in he ame
G (5,2
b) mAC
80 cm super heavy gun, called Sevastopol or Gustav Gesch~tz.
ntesm
ue
4.4B)
511
c
aA abI
wbao)
/p
Gronote Hand und GOrnaqe Gew~hr (Hand Grenade and
22, 155 mmnincluded the following projectiles used
Grenade).
Rifle
Weapons
(p)
polish
and
(f)
Ftench
captured
in
The following tyren of grenadcS Are described in
1) HIE 1115.,~ emaSt-G~r 422 (f) ',U:cd if, X4180(1),
TM 9-1985-2 (1953), PP 319-345:
Kc419 Mf and K 420 Mf (P 512)
1) Stick Hand Grenades, Models 24, 3,) and 43
I)Smoke 15.5 Cmt Gr 427 (f) ] used in K420(f
(Stiehlhandgranaten 24, 39 und 43) (pp 319-20)
(See also Smoke Projectitles)
(p 5 12)
2) Egg Type Hand Grenade, Model 39 (Eiethandc) lIE 1, 5.5 cm Gr 417 (1) and Lensgr 415 Mf
granate 39) (p 321)
513-4)
17(p'(p
*used in sFH 414(f) and sFH
3) Shaving Stick Offensive Hand Grenade (p 322)
d) IIF. ',15.5 cm Gr' 421 (f) 3used in 15.5 cm
4) Magnetic Antitank Hand Grenade, 3kg (Haft515)
(p
Mf
420
K
hohlladunggranate, 3kg) (P 32 3)I.See Hafthohlladung)
23) 170 mmnincluded:
5) Hollow Charge Stick Type Hand Grenade (p 324)
a) It F.07 cmnKGr 3fillb)used in K i Mrs Laf (P 516)
6) Antitank (Hollow Charge) Hand Grenade (Panzerb) lIE (17 cm KGr 39) used in k i Mrs Laf (p 517)
wurfinine) (P 3z4)
'24) 194 'mm included the HE proj [ 19.4 cm StgGr
7) Smoke Hand Grenades, Models 39 and 41
486 Mf 1 used in capturel French Railroad Gun,
(Nebelhandgranaten 39 undt 41) (pp 325-6)
517)
(p
(f)
K(E) 486
8) Smoke Hand Grenade 14 (Blendk~,per 14)(p 327)
25) :200 mmn included the HE Mortar Projectile
9) Smoke Hand Grenade 24 (Blendko~rper 24)(p 328)
20 cm Wgr 40 (P 534)
10) Smoke Hand Grenade, Egg Type (P 329)
included:
26) 203 mmn
11) Hand Smoke Signal, Red (Handrauchzeichenr 53/2Be () 3use in
AC ~20.
a) cm
Rt p39
captured Russian Heavy Howitzers 11 503 (r)
12) Lacrymatory Hand Grenade (Tear Bomb) (P 330)
and Ht 503/2 Wr (p 518)
46 mm*Antitank (Hollew Charge) Rifle Grenade
13)
in
used
Leuchtgr)
cm
h) Flar prjcie(2.3
(S S Gewehrpanzergranate,46 mmn) (p 331)
K(E) (p 520) (See under IN-re.)
14) 61 mmnAntitank (Hollow Charge) Rifle Grenade
c) HE 1 20.3 cmi Spgr L/14 Kz (H b) and Spgr
(S.S.Gewehrp anze rgranate. 61 mmn) (Two types,
521~'I
(p
K(E)
in
used
L/A.7 K'z mHb
pp 331 and 332)
4) SAP ('20.3 cn Spgrr L/4.7 BdZ tnHb) used
15) Antipersonnel Rifle or Hand Grenade (GewehrK(E) (p 520)
Hand- Sprenggrawmte) (p 332)
odter
used
Be)
18
:;f
-.11
(21
pgoi
A/C
included
rMm
210
27)
(Hollow charge) Rifit Grenade
16) Antitank
in Mrts 18 and in IS hits 1S (p 522)
(Gew'ehr Panzergranate) (P 334)
28) 240 mmnincluded:
17) 37 mmnAntitank (Hollow Charge) Stick Grenade
a) HE (24 raSpgr L/4.5 BdZ mlib and Spgr
(P 335)
L/4.2 mnlib) used in Theodor Bruno Railway
Large Antitank (Hollow Charge) Rifle Grenade
18)
524)
(P
ThBrK(E)
Gun,
Gewehr Panzctgranate) (P 336)
(Grosse
Heavy
Czech
in
used
40)
Gt
b) HE (24 cm
Hollow Charge Rifle Grenade (Schuss GgP 40)
(p
GunsK~t
25)19)
29) 280 mmnincluded:(p3)
a) Rifled 28' cm projectile. Its nomenclature
and uses are unknown (P 526)
b)HE Rocket Assisted Rifled proj (28 cm RGr
433 and Gr 35) used in K 5 (E) (P 527-28)
'30) 355 mm included A/C projec~t (3 5 cm GrBe) for
2)laclber was also given an 353 min).
Hoite MJ(
Mrtr poj 38cm gr40W
l
31)380mmincude
and Smoke pro! (38 cm Wg, 40 N'b,'r 53",.(p30
*AA Antiaircraft;
Amoleli pdBritish 'Abbreviatints
AP mor-piercinr, APC
AC Aicaft anCAtcdcee
Get 80
PB-QjLQ-CTll ES
702 77MEmmS4
sh
-fC1P AN ATL\)
20177 HE 23 nmm HE
........
.,,Nh
ZB
~ ~~.
.. ,uf
2n
26*WAI,&
-f
I- IL GO
""oft,C.
S/W//~~~-7wU
Alb.
OO
Get 81
Uurtgranateahee
byincorporating into the GPuersm
flitroguanidine (NGu).
parrone fur 326 Lauclitpistole) (p 342)
* b)lECartridge for 2?mm Pistol (;renade (SprengDue to the fact that nitrated glycols contained
in G Pulver are good Selatinizers for NC, comnptitrone f~r Ka'mpfri stole) (p 343)
*27) Hollow Charge SignAl Pi.tol Grenade (Panzerparatively large amounts of NGu can be incorporated
wutfk~Arper 42 Letichtpostole) (p 344)
without mg'king the propellant too brittle (NGu is not
a gelatinizer for NC and is not gelatinized by nir~ated
28) 27 mi, Mlersage Pistol CGrenmde (p 345)
glycols). In order to hatve a propellant of good perfor20) 27 min khiltistar Signal Cartridge lot Pistol
the crystals of NGu should be short and fine,
m
,:tance,
lp 3i45)
atad uniformly distributed throughout the irrass of the
Several of the Gjerman grenades were examinedl
propellant. This was accomplishzd in the following
at Picatinry Arsenal, as shown by the following
manner:
'References:
After preparing the nitrocellulose - dinitrodiglycol
1) A.B.Schillinr!, Pic Arsn Tlech Rept 1460 (1945)
(or din irrotri glycol) jelly by kneading in a Wernerye
f Offensive Iland Gg,,~e ~
Pfleiderer apparatus, short fibeted nitroguanidii~~e
:id. 146? (1945) (fland Grenade,
*2) A.B.Schilling, ib1
was gradually added and thoroughly inco~rporated.
Sqtic Type)
Then the niasas was tolled for about 25 minutes
* )A.B.Scbilling, ibid, 1494 (1945) Oland Greande
and the resulting sheets cut to the desired size.
and Rifle Grenade for use in the Mauser Rifle Grenade
Followiiag is an example of a flake Gudolpulver
D~i.sethnrger)
suitable for howitzers: NC(Nl13%) 38.03, DE(tjDN
4) F.(G.llaverlslt, ibid, 1507 (1945) (61 min Rifle
31.12, l'Wu 30.D3, acardite 0.50, MgO 0.25 and graphite
'renade)
0.10n.
fife Gre
ihie, 150 9(1945)46m
5)F.G.1lave'.a
5) 46mm t
Nitroguanidine was also found to be suitable for
inc;orpioration in cool tubular cannon propellants, as
Note: A brief description of pistol and rifle greaades is
for instance: NC(N=12%) 39.A8, DF.GDN 16.92, NGu
* iven under P and R
5.00, dipheny lure thane
30.00, ethylphenyltwetliane
inm,
wr i
Schmetterlinq
H'
7)
CORTROL
WOsserfail
%G2)
cumnu-wm
CHAMEHM
-COVER
0, TE
VEN"I
BUT!"ch
I U AT
1;
11
1
Gk N 1.1,
ACIT) TANK
STAH.1,4.N1
Fills
'.FCT VUELTANK
OXPL
VfLVE
VF Vr
rAp,,fS
GIVAI
aheintoctter
R
"an,
LL4,
-JET A
S SISTE t,
TAKE OFF
UNIT
NO
4
VENTU4,
CONTROL
UNIT
Tus"
'AIDE.
TANK
PROPOSED
APHEAD
114ACIE
AUXILIAR
TAKE OFF j I r
E
F4J
V
T
AN S
LONTROL
CONTRo
FIN
ROC
T
O'('R
FUEL
TA KS
mrnmpASq
VVbINU
Rao"
rUSPIENSION
W.7ilcSUR71ACE
.. NG
PROPOSED
FUZE C&gTy
TAB TOIMPART
FeuerliHe
F-25)
STABILIZER
8011
E"N Not
MMAIN STABILI.
Fais
Isms
MAINPUS
Ruhrstahl
CHAMBER
TRIC
ELL
CON ECTI
FT
To AIR
ENTURI
PULL E
0 ST.".JECYION
AGI
TAIL
STAOILIZISK
3
F EL
A4K$
1OLIENDID
OPERATED
PITA
S AFA
S
TTERY BOX
GYRO CONTROLUN:T
DETON%TOR
%.AQ"EAD
I SULATED
CONTROt
WIRE
AIR BOTTLES
FUZE
HOUSING
Beethoven Apporotus
ROCKET UNIT
t - I CTRICAL
Fuze Pocktt I,
t
TAIL ';N
TAIL sTAuY
SO, 0
ENTURI TUBES
F. I'
Tai fun
HOT
I"
SUSP rISI6..4Luc
HIL T
VCPITURIAND
ON
WARHEAD
ACID TAPK
NNULAR
UEL TANK
AIL UNIT
CENYRA EXPLODE
TUBES
TAIL
H USINO'
!it PLATE
c
Fritz X
STRUT
BURSTER DIAPHRAGM
MOUS'*O IC
so NTROL
UAFACIE
Taifun
BURSTER DIAPHRAGPJ
WARHEAD
SUSIPENSIONLUG
FUzE
WING
TAIL
TRACER UNIT
BASE PLATE
WAAMEAD.
Nose pile,
GUIDED
MISSILES
ALL
FI"
OprRINO
CONTROL COMPARITmEmy
fthTRAL EXPLODERTURE
NTROL SURFACE
"AIR
WING SPAft
JCT PROPTILS10"UNIT
Henschel(Hs
93)
~ti
~~~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~n
~ ~ ~ ~~~J
~irontmcoplt'n
*tile
tile Icratp.ctol
of at iret- body in :;Vace reachting a loiximuin
Itl
lci
of iot ti SO mile
ts before return.Iiag to tihe au n
of the e~arith. A[iou t 5 mtinut es after itake-aff, the V-2 5 crt cl
flite cirtla samne 200 iithes fromi ite Liuntching site with a
Vlc!,ity (it apprrnx i?,ittc!y 1,1100 niph clt
itUsillg the warhead
aand anjremaintin g fuel to cx p lodc
.rrd(
Guidance
C. 'n.lrted(R
System cansitstedi essentially
,lf
a concave niarror directed toward vtarget emitting
the infrared radiation . A rotating disc, and -I phortocel I
coalnnIected by aI wire to aI mnechanisam ire ula w J th'e rightleft and up-daw maIie cso-h
isl.A:ehlcmatic
view ofch dvc is given on p I I ot Rtef I Lind a general
etection of lte infra~ed is given in Chapter
5 of Ref 3. OIne of thie fit homing dvc.
a sdo h
H tiioh.r,
R-3 (Ref 2, 1p 229), while totothirtliR device,
cal led Madrid, was installed on the 1n:'iian, E-41 liniisilt.
titef 2, P) 212)
1). Magneslc-Balli iic Guidance System, such ;.:. used in tie
V-I (FbZG-, -t) missi Ic, cnalled alsa a luz IoL,,wa
simplie, ru gnu~ and reasonably reliable. In thlis syscont
comipass, the
-he azimuth was controlled by a ma jucet .
altitude by a baromnetric altimeter and the ratlge by all
akir mileage mleasuring untt . Prior to Liattmnhirtg. the missile,
the devices were ma.nually ,et for the dcsiretI course,
,tir~egaltitude insi ranlge. The compass was lintkedi to the
cthealtinietet at-test directly (in dthe
frcisctlpe,wheiclas
-in
ieoltrsatdati.1ifer
elIcv.to cn tol 'cyssteaAiif
were rolctuiinttil an.d tiie iigh-pri:.-smire a ir was taorec i t
t
two tanks. %his
Ittl.e
predetertinined ractge wa-is realched in
test
it
The -iatn trol
.s. m.tiatcd~
flighslt. ttc: saarl teld %%
weethen lockedi causing die itlissile to dlive. The accuracy5
(if the termirtcal poirtion of Elite fligltc depentded upon thme
ballistics of the missile. (Ref 3, pp i5-36, 127-8%& 335-7)
Fosr more inforination oti guidance systemrs far V-1 see Ref 2,
pp 207-9. Sante V-I bonitis were ecquili~ed with at onte-tube
radio transisticter for enablinitg the latitnc.,ini, srew to follow
~iIltited.
84
withdlraw it-self bt-vond the range of enemy bom~bers epr.
('ee 2,p 2C.
The following varieties of wire command links syatem,are briefly dcescribed in Ref 3, pp, 41-2:
e Suttcririi,eltteinisysemwits testedl on
a) Dortmund-Duisburg system consisted of an optical
0ii. Ierasier tii r~ )adio
cole (Rof
by it,,
joy-stick control uneit, a transmittivig unit, two spools
I) troafut
rdi
cotro
ise:i
ge
h
with wires (as described above) and a receiver located
R~indfun1 lirtdt
0o~s
be used in the Ilnri an
in the fuselage ol X-4. The tranamittinit equipment
'tkile,;(eft ' l
2
consisted of an oscillator (operated by pulses from
.~i
Kiigge eadio control system designed by the *Telethe cioy; stick control) and an aveio Power wriplifier
11i11Lia.1 t
was intelidted for use if, E~nvsin mnissil,.s
whih I ansmltted two nudio-fre u ~ncy signals throug
(bel '
21.!)
wires to the receiving aet in t" e iie
h
uio
Woe Controlled Cuiduni-- Systems. Owin~g to thr fact
%.
signals were demnndul..,red hy the relceiver to operate
thatt
rad.io , ottitatd guidance systen's were susceptible to
two polarized relays, one for pitch and another for
,ttt'i 0,titttt:
t.a:r.
it control 1wvwires
Yaw control
vais dcvvelotlv~.
The system~ Watt: inst'illcu fin the, X-j air-tob) Doren-Detmold -;re command link was a simple
mt
tissilt
Mti i~~e
wa
ob
ntldo
h
-7
direct-current device which employed no vacuum tubes.
siit.wei-t,,-.ir mlis.sile avid some I lenschel iainsiles (Ref 2,
The signals were transmitted to the receiver, w.hich
i t&21o-17
mi in e!
'1().
.
Thie wire links sys-teir.
consisted of three relays. The 1st relay was sensitive
%'I;ivsfectivv over short Jitmisnces without fear of enenly
to the polarity of the direct current signals (pitch
oomi ermeasitut-. -control),
the 2nd relay was sensitive to the amplitude
S1Ac cordlinA to Re:-,2. 1, 1: the wire controlled system
of the signal (yaw control) and the 3rd served to
ius.. in the X-4i dssilc econsisted. essentiall) of a small
disconnect the other two when the transmitting wires
11,64:44 joy stick- coltiotl tirgvt tracker mounted in the
were broken.
InI this case, the missile continued to
",iireraft, a plair ofi vomii I %i ts *sn. a it-cti vii.1g unit in
follow the course of the last comnmand received.
Thme
jit lthiS Ilc
l tg 1wr.stii
oscope i.,nd a pair of relays,
wires were the safte as widi the Dnrtmuntrd-Duishutrg
Trilei, o`i t f i hl ill
gt
ntri inv
iinuth
tined tho rcotherg
system except that insulation was not removed, since
kihtiim , cotrolin
II. lit- t( ozmut
an
th oter
it was essential in this system to keep the resistance
cles.mtiun.
hecontrol Wires conisisted of two insulated
of 'sires constant.
s uglestind wt.ish-~~inysteI
wres6(l()
inlenth
Note: In all wire control systems, the fall of wire to the
an.................!
922'['li
"e
re-ceivin g unit in the niissile
earth proved to be a nutisance and a hazard.
t-r.,ktoit
polarivvd iemyu~ for azimuth control andi an
References:
.imarginal
relay 'for
elevation control. Thle
1 ) L.F.Simon, German Research in World War 11, J.Wiley,
Itra relity respondeI ot' y to* lolitrity changes in the diNY(97
rvetion rf current flow tirotgh t60 wires,while the fnarg~nai
,
Anon, German Explosive ordaance, Dept of the Army
;elav responded onl) to changes in the value of the current
Technical Manual, TM 9-1985-2 (1953), Washington, D) C
regardliess of its polarity. lii tliis way, both azimuth and
A) A,.S.Locke, ef al, Guidance, Van Nostrand, N Y (1955)
elevation control signals were transmite siutneul
(Vol I of series edited by G.Merrill and entitled: Principles
over the same pair of wires. lite relays were connected
of Guided Missile Design).
to: the spoiler solenoids in the tail fins, through the gyro
'communatovr
ystemn.
converted the jeiLl-rightl
jute: According
the 1%.14A1astiand's book1 Development
and updwisga Th'isit airrangemnittt
h
rprpu
swihwr
of the Guided toMissile",
"Flight" Publication, London
Cedto, Ole solenoids siciatia it% the spoilers. Tepwr
(92,
p131,the
current European and American
supply consisted of it s-mall 9-volt dry battery located
guidance systems may be subdivided int:
in the afterbody of the miissile.
A.Beom Rider Control System. With this system a ground
oTe:1he racch..nic~al dlifficulties m~countered in earlier
radar tracks the tareet (such as an airplane), while the
models were solvedb
aigOi h wr
rmtesol
attacking mis sile climbs within :he cone of a radar beam
un the inits~ilu- and similar spools on thfe parent Plano
towards the target. The system is usually considered in
sirnultanleousl, isiuch its the Me 262 fighter platne).
conjunction with at self-homing device which monitors the
According' to die description, given, in Rtef 3, pp 411-2,
gyropilot of missile so thai in the final stafe of ar. attack
the launching and guiding of the X-4 missile were conthe missile is self-d;recting. This system is not as good
d.ucted as follovis:
as the:
1) The missile was aimed and launched from the parent
B. Command Guidance System. With this system one radar
airpanetracks
the target,, while the other tracks the missile. I1.c
2) Simultaneouisly with this. sections of wire: wereejecradar feeds data into a comrputer, whereby steering commnands
ted by means ,of black powder charges located in the wire
use transmitted to the missiie.
?pools, one in the airplatne, another in Ithe missile.
~rile
length' of insulated steel wire in each spool was
l
Ikand thr
eetoaditional reels containin'
183kmnof wire located )n opposite wing ti asof the X
i) Immediately after launc~hing the X-4, tt~e gyroscopic
autopilot (located in the mtissilIe) was put into operati on,.SL..
the warhead becrane armed for ready detonation and
NA
flares (locared on the wing tips of the X-4) were ignited
i.tz.
4) As the sN-4,proceeded on its flighit, the wires conIt
tinued to ~aliot from both the airplane and the missile
I
spools. and thus the missile was continuously guided
the pilot and the target
5)TeX4missile rotated abour its longitudinal axis
60rmadbecause othsratation,
there was a
/''/
caclainof aerodynamic misaitmn
s re
*n
a a
fotproduction tolerances. This simpie the
stabile.
I
zainproblem and ae sin e gyoUasutficient
to
proeroly orient the pitch ian yaw signals as the missile
f. -16pner(.erick
1.Fflo
.1:~~
~ ~~I`1
rllk.v.Hpte
~~i rV .. ivvr, first ii1,.ntio'
I ).it issilt. proved. toi Ill too..
hle-tvy and cornlrdicele oted
for ost !)
It Jw is re.placed by thet Staru radio
-uni'oltrirzed
'IttA
aw
he
*c
aSt
rest
aionofeach turn of wire wax removed in order
tcraeashort for the whole reel
Nt!Since *the above method of control restricted .;
temaneuverability o0 1
h
lanes sntl required
G~e
~sl
Gsect
ishs)
einn
thetdiy remiain iii the vicinity o missiles, thus exposinSG uie
isl
Gseet
sahs)
einn
themiselvest to the wleapons of ernemy's bombers,thewire
about 1938 skiveral successful guided missiles were
i Ioetir- methodl wAs erepla cied intelatter model of the
developed at Peeneirladee, Volkenrode, etc. One of
bynueutm
nimvccaull
a
iih
Wath
the first German guided missiles was the Rheiabotet
telatter device the pare-it
execute an evsie
maneuver the momert the minsile was launched and to (Rhein Messenger) (Ref 2, p 34).
(,t-r 41
0i~llvr Nuctsslal 14uikdd miis.,.sIlv were.esrbdunIxE..tsrritle
nowil its tile
lori
( ititte Iv), .,s
alo n
'I) Selli e ttef
Ret
Us-II
~ ~'l)HA.
in aillreviatioti lot Hlenschiel,
*g)
nltE-azpogof.
decid
IFH H L D N
TUBE
49-59
CIOS
Directed Missile%. may be found in the following
were pub-
CONICAL, META
-!
0 etc.
Co
hIexos
(Cyclo..,--
1107. etc
M~ontan wax.
"
"-2,
H-,
German
ILN
M
I
MAINTAINLIN
Ammonites,
.MANT
CAIN%
pA
"XIA1V
La~l
LOCK
NUT
PULL IGNITER
Cf TONATOU
~rv
L.~ rol-IAraR
T,,
F~
k.-7O
b.
Tar e
C P
PL
CT~~rCC
-I
On
rN
T
f.F
C4A PG
EE
Detfonator
metal NEC
Soand
HC Mixture.
e'el
thanie and powdered ic
~Refercnce:
Anon, lield Artillery journal 33,
PANZ E RH AN9Heavy A/T Mio^. S~ee under Landminen
26*7 nf rNI 9-1985-2 (1951).
M1NEPP
in'g HarttfAleb&7ry
10 ~i~
in?Igniter
9
har~e
or Schiuko igIater).
~188i0,
Initrotar
.
/-in
er.Re:,.rence:
P .2er
.'It
.
Bod
IL.'d
ikeper
Spik 1~,..
1
See Pressure
* S
Liner
352-3 (19.13).
and aso~ or
of
12?12
of purified tar
mixing of the
(or Na) nitrate
-his explosive
Helihoffit (Ilellhoffite). One of the Sprengel type explosives, invented about 1870 by ilelihoff and Grason.
consisted of 28 parts of nitro' e,. n and 72 parts
of fuming nitric acid. This liquid q ..6 sometimes used
w
9 7efs
advaf~age of ths
pegltype
explosives:
fl9flight
French explosives).
Stettbacher (Refs 3 and 4) investigated Hellhoffit
and its modifications and found that the glass-lined'
.
.
depth charges (Tiefenbomben) containing Hellhoffit,
were much more effective than those loaded with
hollow
In anklthev tYl- of 0.Ihening (sticking) antitankc
picric acid. The mixture consisting of fuming nitric
inant bu a tik pad (located
lwr wee n
chage
acid (d 1.52) 64.51, nitrobenzene 25.81 catbon diat the wiide part of the. conical body) served for attaching
sulfide 6.45 and aluminum bronze 3.23% wan fouind
the charuge to a tank ( Ref 1. P 324)
be one of the most effective. A mixture prepd ay
Referncesto
66.7 parts of dinitrobenzene in 100 parts
lissolving
(1953),
!)-l'),5-2
TM
I
-~c.
h
Mainual
iLept of the Armiy
cmuiain
ffmn
ircai
a
locamdt
eefcie
4,.p 262-3 & 323-4
fei'e
ofmignrcaidwsloclidtob
21 imt.lIBullock, l'icatinny Arsenal; privatecomnctn.
References.
v4
Dictionary,
Thorpe's
2)
P
354
(1943),
)
Davis
!
1.940), p 545 3) A.Stettbacher, S S 33, 158 (1943)
At. antitank, hollow charge
Hafftmne (Adhering M ine0.
lIE;,udScistofZurc
device consistin, of a conical cOutainir (4ile withtbchr
~rc
(148.ttbaer 7n1.icnof, Spep
provided with a flat top and a handle. The wide portion oi
(14),P 1
!the cone was covercd with a layer or a low melting cobphony-oil plantic resin (r I p ca 500) retained on the surface
by mZans of an open mesh cloth. In back of the flat top,
which consisted 'of siseet metal, wats Placed a thermiteA O R L AS
tyecharge (Nil +-Al + KCIO 'i and in back of the latter aDEO
time fuse. The operator hid in a hole and, at the approach
of tjhe tank, ignited the fuse which, it. turn, 'ignited the
themie.Jus a sonas the heat of the thermite melted
the resin, the device wias stuck (by tho- operator) to the
esae time the heat
bottom armor plate of th tk.A
of the thermite st t off the detonator and this in turn initiatedTN
the main charge.
J
wain an experimental stage whnthe
This dvc
w~ar tenminated.
Reference-, I.M.R.ichardsorn Ct al, (10S Iept .5-18 (1945),
fan/Q
IA TA~
H F MN
N L
*pp 2;-S,
Holoklostit.Same as Ptrroklaiatit.
(Stability
Holtbarlcolt odeir Logerbestlandlilkelt
Storage)-See in the general section.
HdndfeuerwoIff~ (Small Arms).See under Weapons.
in
Sf
(xlooeS
to Handle and tv Transport)-Ste Davis (1943), P !4)
Htndhabunosslcheresprinngstof
HE RMITE CHARGE
LOW MELTING PLASTIC
PR TECTIVE CLOTH
PROTECTIVE COVER
(.ter 88t
I~ 0' 1
past n t .i- in1) 1ft
1 , glitralu
oigt
1 111111,.0~ ;trmi% priojst'ul
treite..
in
.i oi,.j
lDicit
iv m
I'ul01
l'voI t. *tts Iti I
1.nn
sit
I M)). , 1- 1.
.1
bA'sSUd
6"
,ellI
hi S. A-l ui'eI'
or
-Pcrakllin o
iktffAn
ik
ilc (q v)
develope't
*xls'sivi.
prelld by soaking
: if) it concentratus
wtut-111s solution (if ,*quil
1-rsof 'it~r~c
acid and Am nitrate. Tlh.- resu~lting
srIitw% drifi,
.11111
mixeod with '.aricous *linounts
'13's
ulIfurnt
;%10 K,
N nitratesa.
\s
kv.vrvte: froJ.
L.
1*Trai tu tIe% Ma: ires Ex p los ives,
.~.ssr(197).~.
.amine)
',aI
~r ~c
lietzer 1hitmior 1.
3-osi
He~s~ecc1 orashoil',r).A
sul-- 41 wepolcarier
t~ .ltttr ot r'u~ uil m (00,
evoopo
bythe
V.rr~n.
O.TIV
h
v I lsae
'cio
nvlII
,t tho 1131%Citte,S kt-Cord of (,erman Arniv~ II Suijitfleft 1939.
. 7.'t(ficv, .siai
9i
XNcr
I~tto .,Imv1ritish book% wvre not consulted f.'s
Avilt thm t116 V.u. !V unfideni~jatt or Secret" Ims is uislal
I0liihl Nwn'cl.
1~
*
HxoHcsmin
Ilepcodi
or
p 16.
Hx~t~Itynt~~.
Aeferences:
1) A.Stettbache'r, Protur (Switzetland) 9, 33-45 (1943)
'2) U S Naval Tech Mission in Europe, Tech Rept
$13-45,
llcxanitiodiphienylaminie Manufacture in Get-
ityntaie
Ditlirane
oxen ltrodiphotiylom In*. Same as Hex&..
flexo.One of the abbreviations for Hexosen (I)
ZuIrich
pp 8-29.Hexaoen
nt
eea
eto
ne
(Cyclo-
rR5)
"exg
A
Ln11
. iii
iiItIItill
, ive Is:"1(,i Ih','jh~ O,Ic
ti
~uusingii
t~ ',~
i~ ~
tit
'h
ii
i s
18(1111 t.ndrtlii
iij rto
(li. reW-V
dc c~rli~d
lc' . Four otheir me~thiods
'I l Iii.( u lactcu re Sen e later icitrOlu ttd acnd prodiu ction ieach
Vil
itp. a .it%
%I
li,
-,Oli
I(I 0U, 11, Produiced durtir
ii
c.-. aion
h tii
t 19o
's, , Oul
i
I,
iii 11.
f ive I.
I uve.
Ij t 'l
l edi
(witniany
d11I
. dv;tRv
i
I. ic ilv hi. I .'w, tilit s-c dlOd K A-Verfahrars
~il
h b ie
st 4
relir*
iv .
n0eupive
.i.
.u.utic .
:Ile ti.
"1"wiil~ii
.i nrl .uij1.
in app no ill, .c
~~~~t.~
.~
Imiotc
al
.elr-dlialll
lilUti
i..~W
Ifll~j
11
fihdii s of inmum fac ture-,
cli omi logica.l or Icr:
5.
3I)H I~
q Dr %kolltrmii
.i~i3~
.iiii
(so 2 ~)\I4
3 2 4
flit- rcstilcaigt mixi
sot t ii
-%iai aainosultonaite acnd Ain
ainostilloiiiict w.as cnvaead "'icll'
-1 off tif Cai lydni'sidi-,
wia11It gacv a. soalublei Ca..ii nosuf3 on ice in d It Ipt tont(:A
3
Ii-; x2"I
~If\
2N~ jO~l14
il(
~tetton dcc
reacti~~oni
were pairtly
de(imollistt
jol0~ii
i dun nl
and parcIY n itraitcI
iciirarndecie
ed
rltin .- wtis conductc,
itraicion in the. sI'it -1
prcs
ati
- ,,t u sing white- 09"' nitric aicid.
Thie pu r ified Cyc~lini cc
had a m p betw een 200" and 2fl2"C .
W'hil e ini the original H efani ns) inc cl.d t he y ield. wais
v0"; lbaii
uc.11.lse, on% C l 1 N u sed) tilt-. impiro veil
mti thiid wis imiuchi noos
con u6iii1A
v
)iefi lss~i to 7' .5,;
W ct-f c..'l'Ifldl
3k SI I-p3 cv!ce, Iva. u!:,-,. in at leasts
tiiise
pla t.,
al tii thtIii he.10 ini
to til Dynarit A -(; :Clei isti ar, scadc
(pri)lucing up to, IT)(l nie.tric ton s oi.r ninntli),I)iun c
(p noducing up to 710( tu/ait') antil Uck eoin lidi (roducing
upl cil 2t
'it,
'ti/o). The slII-pO ci-ss wits con si daecd to be*
hi
teWlrK
rctls
K-'ccsd.vLpdbyl
n,(1rci
A Is A -to , Somecwhat
later than the l-'v hinwats
batsd
in
the
folltiwiny
- on .iIeratitiii:
As clii. heximtehyienetestrarninec:)tint
5 ifl
groupls Ano" only 4NIIZy 3'iulls,
the.'e Ile a deficiency of two N1i
groups which are
require-d for the production of each two molecules to( Cyclo
nitt
chis vanili h. remaadi '-d by introducing Irnto reaictitin
itwo imutlls ol Ai.stintrtet,
is~ shown in tlii folliwinx eqluatioci:
C &I )2N4 * IIINO ) t -'Nil4NO 3.... 2(II 2 C-N-.N0 2 ) 3 + 612
aid of 11111;skren.(h was used aind wats reqluired
.tic
ii.n larger qluantity tha.n lfir the- othe~r incthods. Thi s miade
tilit- recoiitty ot %penit atcid a1 very difficult ,alid eixltf,eni vi
priwitihisn. O nly oini. (ertian pliant used tliis meithod II Isni g
%.I,KA-Verfahren (KA- fn,rcess), devteloped by Ihr Kn ifllr
til Wv
A 17A - ( . was actually a ctoinbinaiiti
n of flarcs iif
the K- acnd F.- 1,toies~s. It consistccd in treating the Itexiuiiecliylencecrtiniine tlinictrtec wich .icid Au, nitrate in .%ceiie
nhydntide, As Canl III.- sent fcini thet following cquations:
*KVihtn
'A
i)C6 If 2 4 + 21N3
-6II12N
-2IN
a3
eaetye
tetraminutn
fliicrsit.It"
11) C(6 v 1 2 J4.21IN0) i4 N11 4 N() A'llNO.,
(13
NIf
(
(,.N.,N
) + 12t II -C(0011
3
In tliis iiit-tlia'i, ci'nsiderved ti- Ie tine of clie i.mos
20
eco.
wasrdeelpd n h. i
4ctrmnin c A
6ther (ie:maci plants ddnot usc tilei h-Verf.ihren Isecause
vr~entral Section uneler eCyciin ice).
by W..11ln1t
mor
a.ti
Letl ad K- provea.d toii plti
odiie aaidititds Suc it~~Cli
.in : K
I ~.
'rovtl o li alure
In tht- K A-prnt-ieas, tas fiticticed Atticlii lli'lingen 1 .chrik.
economiical.
hexamine was treated with weak- nitric acid (3t~t% ac absou
\tcite: A similIair miethod Wvas ;iittntied liter by ht.W.Scliiemqltr
5~0 in.i tilt ntesulcing dinitrac. ft .iltv~l in fleriiaaay Hlmsexdt),
An'd -. Il.oss, U S I '.t 2,414,2310 (1948).
was
i
dried. Tilt* .it) roiluec t tis di 'so ted in acitici .il
U~.sfahren' (E-l'raceas), develIoped iperween 19111 itnd
hyrd' uigasancssce
ese
qi~e
ihi
1918 by D~rs liberli- .iqd Fischer, wis baised tin die. re.-.iction
ladad.hting.rrerhts~ivesleui'td
iht
01 ~acif~n~idC~i~'f~
ithAm itrtedisolvd i actic
;.iidJv-t~.
sir-r
and
then
acid
Anm
nitratte
(prneviiously
1
%)I
~~~ ~ ~ ~ islvdilac
~ ~ ~ paisutadhye:ihAnnirti
~ ~ le'
tremiing Aci nitrate with I mcill of l100i: nitric- aicid)
tAnhydride, whiich Aicted as'at del-ydraiting agent:was.
Vuim
' sivsuiting so'.ad l'roiducc'ti
was searaited
3
tronw
(IlChlt) )3 +
03
6('CI! 3 Ct))2r;.~fl 2
2 3
aiceti- acid, then washed with wtater atnd dried. Thei cyclonice
4 XNl
'12C11 ,Colt"l
obtained by this nivithtid wais ca~lled KA-Salit. It contained,
a- inmpunities, I to 2' tint I-INI (cyelocestramrethylenectecrab men%.ill
The eLIUICre
vasSepratd
`Cylon-e
it usc
fromchin aycetnic acidt sprotduced by mher-ations,
o
nitracninic, called in Geiermtny Oclogain), (if Cl-N0,N ) aend
amm
ntsci
di, aeti aid
rodcedbythe es in
a small amiount of cyclotrcimethiyliene din itrom,?noacc-tyl acsite,
washed with water, Stabilized and dried.TV finished
C
ihrpretgso
hs
m
(*11 2) 3 N3 (.N; iO CII
fgeprcnasoftsei
c-rysitalline product had a mn1p if 'only 13-9.and' the
yel#ds varied between' 601 'anc 75; calctulAted on IaiertPetrities were prodluced when the lj-Ve'rfahrei -was used.
formaldehyde.
Note: 'rhe advantage of the KA-process cove; hcli.l-process
'The FU-Vetfahni-n was ussed ttt tlt. lioibitagen FAbnik,
was that by using hexamine instca~d of parafonnaldehyde
lDynamiit A -t,' and prouduced J25 metic tons ptir month,
only half of the anmounc of water was produced, thus reIt was replaced in 1944 by tieKA-Verihairetit which enabled
quiring a much smalle'r amount of acetic .cnhydride ,Ilence,
theproduction to be, doubled with tile -ante
c was possible without increasing the size or amount of
ittpnct.
Noe
otie
b
hs-he meinc
t-hod containd
hutin
~tgertiouns.when
I. SII-Verfahren (SiI-l'rocess)
developed in 1917-1918
by Dr schnurr wasi bai'ed on the original method of Hlennintg
AI1899) , which involved direct nitration of hexamethylenecetramine (called also' hi-zamine or urotropine) witi' nearly
absolute nitric aicorngto
the following equcationC~N
acid't
(11
LreNingl).
61j
C
+ N&
6II 41
3
2
24
A similar method 'was independently developed
by
Ihr (i.C.Ifate at I'licatinny Arsenal.
rhe imaprovement introduced by D~r Schnurr consisted
in careftillvt controlled heatinit (Rcookin v-offi) of the contents
of the iistiator directly afcer the compuletion of the reactcion.
Get 90
lemiIerdsture '2 13O impact sensitivity vith 2 leg weighit
c.
11- INCaI'm velot'itv (if de!tonaftionl 8400
Germans
Strai 'lt Iliesgen wits used by the
41sb~oote
su b-b&.ooster anid its a bursting cli rtge
iii rill v grenades and 'sonme small caliber shells. it
a i lso used w ith small amount of wax, c A
w%
is sl-Imosit.4 Ai the Afsijan campaign to relarger amount of
hit
ith
;la~~P1 t-wast mixtures.
Wax, v tZ , It).111, :it wan %sI in 75 mmi shells. Ilexogen
vas ailso ilste
1
92-111~, 95-1 l. :11 02, 105 (lir 'rialen 1'05), 10()
I ialel 100 'and 10.) tot 'ir ili en I 0c9), descri bed under
1'Ii Tr
"21.110.o,
Y-
Hoxy.
flxa.to
Sme
ame
* s Heyl.
Ilxa.References:
deelpe duingi
-" o M ipede' ) wait a constant-press ure sun
l Conders an engineer nf the
W 1 byi
deerI
firm Rochling, Saarbirlicken, and inteniled to fire the Arrow
;(Needle) Projectile (q v ) across the Channel to I ondon.
The barrel caliber 150 mm (5.9"). was of unalloyed crucible
cast steef made up of a great many Y-shaped sections$,
each 12 to 16 ft Iong. With the sun about 450 ft long containing about 28 propellent chambets (distributed along the
bore), ;t was expected to'achieve a muzzle velocity of
.'absout 4500 ftacand a ageoabu 130 km (when using a
projectile B ft long and weighing 1$0 1% -
U>
PA 6U
"tepolit~e
dr11tso
Hg
(HE).ex
eeogeneral
sectioden.taofe(ihExlsv
Segnrlscin
(E,
(High
xlsvs
Ithsbeknwfoalngimtatheoerhepk
Ithsbeknw foalngim ththeoethepk
pressure in a gun the thinner may be the walls of the
projectile. This means that for a given total weight of a
projectile, that used In a Stin wl'a lower peak pressure
can contain more explosive and do more damage to a target.
ofI pmt
rrL adi'tt,liornv
ict
h
I'cis'
thyv s.1tregth
*
1t
ri
~l]
uIfa
acting on
i!1aiI4m
frt(Wielue jhirsur (of
prokeife lt
ttire
i
only
ddi00
w
i tnuj
tlielo Iases 11leveloped
kg/cm
i1
5t)11
tisciihd~
WItomlv WIWi [1(1414l
L(10i W,&
00 dit
,141reil)00
nextr '11
li '"N
11o 1 Ititr 09s. 1Se
P,
Atltrli'r
I)
I
becafuse the:
aidi AppendIx 7s
tegae
taii6ent fitt,
tireue:
ii*' disc.od
(1937l
Ill) Nirclls
(194),
A.Ste
8-120,
Nircluls8,818897
1) A..Stetbcklter Spengat Pnd cRiesstof4Appndi
,r2c5
,
p134
(li)
discl7iidadifraincnandre.i
rport
\WI
Secion)
nearali
e
Shaed Cargn thR
See al.Esion
niadn
eixde( 2
ihlqudntoe
iigi
th0 necessatry extraII
Coxy
S undepr
130
attn
2
rssre
)
inan
autoclave.oraio'
cntied'hrei
rcrctib
te
hascrnotben uefof this mecthod as
i tiheGenirtlSchatlihoon)
uns
Senn
Shpe
Als subidary,
(liotbcerkonprentriert
4o)o
H9
frthmberacueo
thoer
2
(1948 of 2)
srtateksi Inst 246,sheen
Nfece
ofcetatothf intrna
Theory~~~~th
3
.rtedtnvnfcuer
two
lgtountitandk Mum
(195(i), sta
2-2
in (1952 14) cmd 27, 10-06, bu 245-7
Atile I8 26, 835-580
I) J.(Corner,
rofe:
At
(Shaped 6hren
dimlI
fIol Chrg)
found
wharg
Costatnsier ablewrkast
chiighl-onentrasct'd) Puroces
,nticai~eelpddrn
thsaetodrikckich
ofime
ofcrpto
pressrerincple"
ee
tribuwtors biln thisild "tire
r
:..
-G
Amongiry
cvflpecahSWDSTAN
A
chrg wepos
the shapedaf
I)~~~Frbnn
gerebmchel
mayl belO)
mentioned:nbug;isgi,
eors
198 weihing
)
3r
n th olwnkBOg;a
u) Mag.O
netic
JFantli-tnk
Ishaped,23chr
14) p)8-8
Ymeim44
Wiy
to 25
p
Inrteriina ofarmostwas oGuns
blitorftil
oiloun
ic.plr
forn-
EK
SIDV
OC
50H
22(0
,pe11
HOLL OW
HHR
'DE IONATon
,~LINER
BURST-,
Al
INGQ
e.
Ora
FLA
PRI~t~
-onr
s
ER
500
-Dero-
~AIDAPTED TO
t4ATO~Har4T
ti L
/EO
#R~R-TOA-3
BALLISTIC
CAPN
SAILLiSric CAP
ILIN
SAFFLLLIR
BIT
II
.HA
j4
':.
,,\
8I)RS
.CHARGE'
DETONATOR.ETON .?R
18<
0BOST ER
NBALLISTIC!
CAP
TU UA
ULA
TUBEt
DIlNCE
IN7
R~EDUCE
NATOATR
-BOOST ER.
?a
ofI Gr.39
It PELL.E
NA G
G IE'BuA
*CA;eAIDO
CAS
CC
'R
PLAS14
elt el~i 'oit som'e es riliced i r. the eeeotrcld sie'tectio. It %as fe otfted thcu tilt,
Vtr~ Wc i~
141%%
lii g
itclilit gil 1.iir 1'c lie' tId
l H
euifI14i ly tee
kn r l ropc I lanlI~ prL'
C'ierenatns tiiecd It in sonenic eK'
ilt 1
e ecciS dl , lic I w ci g,v we l-IV
c~~reti I*' c ic
) wwt dvtor ItliIcc
ste'c listSt . ''l S I sitge
'oI itett I k I AttehI
the so,cne
iaese.
ce
.
stics
cri
c.haracte
in
g
horen
rve tht.
til fIn
~t~hiOn ~ ~rno.Ti '~
ces.'.1c.ic
ccii ~
ii ls.'
di'lcitsonns
b
u'c
! soo
as Icnit
si ents cieeaeterc
'.cotained
'inheitspuve
Iuis
lit dincProeae tiae rat
(S.eStoi
rocet iature.
inj stIownt11f4 bun
short del ay
lii
istok vrccvie''4 Nith
ecc
homb
tietar ~vt. Ihi' ll AP
1,,
.ce
d
ot 4-idpiilcdt. ceittl
the'
it
ciicl: Ircc
waes
ille.dt.' thlt
target.
Ire
~ ~ ''S~Ic
ei..
~ec-v
Hollrstoffmasse W-1,1
&io. on I, -,.
ti
I
d 0.
du~
Hol ize I toff (Woeco
gcoit-rael ste.'ticili
It40,
it.I.A.
V'igers
l.ectrolysci'. of
1vI'tdc
-'t
al,
I ly .1rovjee
P'e'roxide iProduictjion
inof
(le H ydrogen'e
Perox ide,
c('ii
RSiepoert
11-IS (1945)
3) J.McAulay,
I ydrogens Perox ide Maneiufactured by AllLiq~uid Ilrocers Frome Amnmoniucm I'ernutlfatci, (.NIl 4)2SP(1014 Ro.-it 11-41 (1945)
4) J..%IcAuiay, Direct Synthcesis of hlydrogen i'eroxi~lc. Icq
en'ce'tl sectionl.
g~cp.ii
1
prq'.rctior~ui'
eeltrl i s c~. I ott oe e, I't
Peroxide, We.~'cl~f.e''.Ad.I.
Clo
eed Irope. tt eR tirv ile.'iie'l ed icetie
Ildija
eve'
o eln)
looill. wiks
adP
tn
(Stm -rtre
fbrigltlw
9.1'1 , te-7.
Rveferenc.'e: Cbos Repioirt 1 clli
tll')
Ste.
11"dt
1irso'iiY
ect~ki
Hsoming Guidance Systemns for Missiles, Such, a.. %cokistice.'elkpliftOe
iv~eseliiv eicd
ejhiki
yrsoiUtoe
RacisT and Infrared aerciebrtfly' lescritied unsleir iteiidacedl'.
of determciniiat iocite re given ine tice.
Me.'thods
Moisture).
Syicene fo isil~.r
e't~i
~IC1h
tioccitier Iceuhi'.). See jndtt Vecer .c
rel
at
Igniter ('/'tnder). Th'le fo~llowing igniters
Hit 117 (Ile.nseiie.l I1I*,), alsoe known a.,eSchmctterlilog(flutter"
or listed in Refs 1, 2 &r1bi..l
eontrcellecd, misscleifor
ftly) wail ;I rocket prompelled, reediote0111l'
*
dscie
iti
wv'tL'
v.'Trqfion
insteomcier formatiionls.
useag
zunder).
A. Friction' (Pull) Type (lirenn macs used in stick grenades
It lisele' litiuid luel
pelClets,
delay
with &
aiir-to-air.
24,
293)
p
IlZ
1,
for
a)
03.14
inent
p
.
%
cInt
(Ref
;
i
-tea
S"ilbei.
n
usroccale-1985- Arnde
caerrie.r
A Callc.d
p162~
otygen
ii anTM
Icoalld"`
b) Nbll'/ 38, with delay pellets was used in stroke
gre~iadee (1e P 83.13 & I 11283)
H4s129 -3 (fileinnsciel 293) wit ' cI radio- controlled missile
wtith grenades andt'iesii wit boel' regsIe.Ad.'
srmhnarvat.Te
)ingE
target
i, teleased and directed to the.
savn stk rndc adnisaebxlre(ep
A.). Other
used was the Hit 293
developed an~d
Ileodel fully modls
284)
p
31,
&
12
8A.
D),
293
Its
C,
1k29
1cc293Ii
&e
29
uc
a~h~
lIZ 39. 'Jrec.' in smoke hand frencides (3, p 285)
s 2ull A-2lod 'If,
c
were no
moelstc
usedelto ignite safety fuses or
e full
~notd)
~ ~wderh
0-1
~ ~pip 2037
~ (95)
~ 952(1.
mt~~ ~ 1 29-,1115-2
etc ~
traps, to ignite ialcty
detonators, to set boobvhrcointe
ws arocet-ropeled raio-onhis29)98 hleschl
oesokfuses
frsoedmltn
as an air-to-air weapon
primarily
missile dcsirned
Itle
candles and to boolmy-trap sonic Teller mines and
rft s wel a th bober
to ld '.
grenades. ( 1, p 83. 10 & 3, r 285)
boi tp
t th
to 1w carried on fighter aircrf
) ZdSchnANZ 39, used' for the same purposes as above
th1actp
but
versions
several
were
types. There(1, p 83.11 & 3, P 285)
was called Hsi 298 V.2. It used a solid Prpelat
g) 13Z 42. delay 4 !", sec-. uses not indicated (1, p 165).
'IM 9-1985-2 (1953),Ppp 2 01-5
1B.Pressure Type (breec'lzfnder).
a) DZ 35(A), used in heavy an~titank mines and some
(llexogen),
RI)X
of
miixtures
for
breviation
ab
An
IITA.
prepareed charges (1, p)83.03 & 3, to 295)
prcepartioiis
iic'hlee?
:11
chUeIe
All(slueeei,ucec),
..ied also Phill. Relit NO 85,1601 (1946),- P 15 '.b)
('1rotyI)See
i'N',I,
DZ 35(B, ueinsome booby traps and prepared
40/20.
(1, p 83.03 & 3. P 296)
-mines
c) Hebelsunder (Lever 4~niter), also cal led Schukte
Igniter, Conesisted of an inverted L-shoot'u tube, the
I'Wbnei Propellants, patented in 1h595,were prepd by mixing
vertical arm of which was screwed into a mine. Tile
NC -(gelatinized by means of 2-311 soln of K yanthogenate
striker spring And striker retainineg pin. On top of the
nittronalihth0l,
of
quntitiets
smnael
with
in ether-alcohiol)
arm was attached a lug, an actuating lever (consisting
nitromolasseis or nitrolfugtr. :tof instanece, aro
of a hollow metal tripping piece pivoted on a rivet),
o5,;o nitronaplithol.
usdfrmltr
'roesIniie
After removing the Pin, the downward
and a safety pin.
C)aniel, lDictionnilirfe Paris (1902?) p 378].
pressure (as little as 40 lb) on thes actuatin; lever
forced out the striker retaining pin, thus releasning the
striker to fire the percussion cap. The igniter was used
i(umble 6ee). Nickname for a sielf-propelled mount
Hum
in Glasmine 43 (as an alternative to the Duck Igniter)
of
chassis
the
on
h~owitzer
consisting of 150 mrmMedium
and in some booby traps (I1, P 83.14 & 3, p 296)(1, P 83.03
Panzer).
under
also
(See
a PzKpfw Ill/by tank.
d) PX 32, us ed in some improvised mines
&3, p 297)
is describeid in the general section.
o
HydrzleHdat
I) .Weissmannf Igniter consis~ted of a spring loaded
the IG Farbenindustrie
emny
Yin t
Itsdmaznufctr
striker bolt at the top of which was a pressure head.
Ludwigahafen and Oppau
ofkuel
L
i
Plats aI uactu Germthfen
The bolt was helld 'c ainst the spring by a safety device
815 and 1682 (1946).
BISFnLeReportse
fedin
ins'sdescib
consisting of a amallI pair of tongs. A1fter removing the
chattered
pressure
on thethe
a blow
pressure
the
to drive
tongs
otpring head
allowinR
thus
rod or
the glass
(Iydrceluloe~.
(ldoells,
Hyd~teelllol
-4asolls
dr
der
Hydvceuse
IIIsolls
IGN ITERS
(
vit
OCLLOPMAhr
DAVD "Rf
.LLL
"'f
'F
ILI
*~~i
MATCHT,4j~LA
Ji~
.c
MAATCH
f-NA0A
N
A .TNB D
01.10ULL
W.VCINWRI
PONTloo
MChAOS
-*fitS
501.
500
AT10 I16
PUU,
Mt
IDICTYY
*1
PIN
SAFETY
P-*ATA10
COLL
.. C
IftLl
LEM
PIVO
RAI1N
l, I r 1),
-
,pmq*p0
a.
AnNNE
-.
E.~s
N_1T
PINI
cule0
-.
NOTCH-
P,~irp
h d~r
oo
EV
AIfIN111CAP0
61IONAtoo
t4ICING DIAL
MISSY
~SHEAfICR
' E
$PalNG
STRIKEER
RO0l
PIRCHIOPA P.,.
IPRNI.
-I
OLMINIAL
pus
RRIA
SmIHERACAP."
* I
t
t2~l~af
~
lii\*
0i ' i A i ll iti'1
i-'I(r,,tv.~,io
.
j:li
'o
i''
l
t' i
ti
di'1,.ii
IV\i. 0\ ttW
I *1
l~imii.Ici,:.~liim'
I I~,
~~~M VI
iel.
~ ~ h:~~ ~ i'iiIA
'~~~ ~
l~ta~2 .iii *ltinet.
lW
tim"I
~i
).
.10
T l
k,'i'l*
,1 4'4)
Mille)
Mhr.otIll
1vjiv
kk.'iilked l'ilg
,~
'I2 i iA
olt2
, tiI' 2.%
0n Antpitipersine
.,~"vuiiI mkitt i2
iiI.
k I/~S
t.1C7)
)
h te iC
6
hattIC
mallu
i~iitdl in twrinaly for uset
ItMsi/ S 410C
A*
~d
9
. p H.l~ & I
rp
v,k Ilitit'es al~l IIiI~
Nott..: Tlli igivitcr is listck in lRvf I it "llul I" Type, whereas
Ilt I i i%i4 it .1%.1 "Pressure and I'uili" T)'pe
anJ in
uis,.25 Iin S-\ 2n
Still Z. 44, de VI' 'PC
imiprovii%.d minles, c nisfaIsted (if it steel, cylindrical
i'ii
cvp, *itril'er andi spring.
'i'itall~iip~ it p2'Wl %IMa~~l
I.t'
ied a0 viwlcd pos~itiohn by t%%,i
I~'IiIl''
1w st ike r was:'1 etasvi
were attache"d.
tii , wire
in
-I Ic' t'l s , ito wIviich tul
la
1,4121mon b :I rt'til~fingcl
ie di
1
%sere
't t
Th
lii, d t t
Afrc'r arminge
pin.
safetyCI
liw
it
anii
ase)I
rhe
o'ln
hiiiani~tt'
ilfty pill), is pniss urt,
illii I.'cvic'' (11y wi thdramwinhg tileC
~llt
'ilth
w) Tcp$!ir-mrd f!z.
TniioR Ed
Alt
tilt'd
c yli nder
at c'l ii
v.e lt' Ine -avid
tMOi
*C*Pull
trapp~ling
trapls C-114wgtoil, irsanfoboy
& ~I,P?288)
les'hvnca for uime Iin antipersoinnel min.tes
I ye
9
trap's (Ii,
Ibootiy
1). Pull 'and Shear Trype (Y.ug-' uiid Zci.r'lr2chnde z'nder),
'lncalled Pull and' Tension Wirsi Igniter, such as
ZuZZ. 35. consistL'i of it br.Ass cast', coitainin$ a%pershtrike'r, striker sprinilg (located Iins ide at
cl'.ssinn cii',
Sl21020$ cylikider and helid on top by i2 pilunger), an outer
'oimpress -ion spring, a retaining (lockitir). pin and a
sa!fcty pin. The top 'ot plunger %-as connected to a
trip *wire held lunder tenston. Thle igniter w225 firedl
either bypulling onl the trip wire or by Loosening (cuttioiv
or lmreak'ing) it. Ili the first case the trip wire caulsed
fte plungeT in bXepulled upwardl .'giinsit thC resistance
1hIss permlitted thle two locking
'of tC Outer "Spring.
pins to )It-. forced '`outward into thle upper open space
thus (ftein the striker'. In the second case, breaking
ort cutting of the trip wire allowed file outer (compression)
sprling to frrce the slidiniz cylinder downwards. This
iflto
Permitted the locking pins wi be forced outwards
the lo'wer open apace, thus freeing the striker. This.
booby traps and preignter~.sused with S-mines, 290)
paitre chage. (,p8.5&3
e. Pearcus.sion Tpe ( -0 a Seiine Oder Aufschlagzlintder'.
a)Schliag74indet 35 was a modified ve~rsion of zu72. 35;
uses not indicated (2, p 163)
I.N Safety [-use Igniter' consistred of a cylindrical brassr
blody contailling a spring-loaded striker held in position
by a friction fit of tile Z type with a cap to which was
uattached a large steel ring.- A strong pull on the rin g
detached the striker release plate from the striker thus
piernmitting the spring to drive thle striker into the percussion cap. The device was used to ignite a safety tt25C
p 287)
Type 2 (Poll Percussion) Igniter was designed [or
use with the new type parachute antipersonnel bomb
but -wait suitable 'for use with mines and booby traps.
1'oroperation, a sharp pull oni the split, ring caused the
striker release plate to be drawn from the igniter body
thus releasinp the striker spring, which was under
tensioni (3, p 288)
for, use in Dutch Antitank
d) Aufschlagz'inder 355(h) p164)which
Mine355 2,
F.nPull and Presr Type (Zug-o'ulnd IDruckzinder).
29d IPniessrued in thPssml of antitank
a.
rted
n
ovntivelaicle or antipersonnel mines, could be
citlier' by pull on a,.trap wire attached to the coop of
head
pressure against tile setting
tue pull pin, or(3by p29)as
b) ZZ 42, con'sisted of a' bakelite Cylindrical casing
a percussion cnp, -A criker retaining waotheir
;otinn
citainda fstiker spring held under tension by the trip
wire hoop. flullins on the tip wire attached to the
rlaepin withdrew the' pin thius allowing the striker
1to hit the percussion cap. The igniter could also be
operated by attaching a tr[' wire under strong tension
tov th~e end hole in the strier and carefully removing
*the release pin. This igniter was designed (fo use in
*(3,
ac)
Pull
of 21 Iii cit t pull of I I III tin tim- Win ged 'IleHtens opene*'d
-.9`1)
tilt it suffit. ic'ntly tol release. it' he strik.er B
Electric Type (Vlelktri-v ter /.'nderl. ESM~iz 40
I,
iu ng
c'onsais ttd of an2 Clon lte, ijoochI funnel -slha.~e
provided witih .2 pik C iand comntain ing a. r~eaapg
it e r aire a for o n e ta.i ne , u s u a lly
r t o en l alrge th e i Mf
r d et
In o~
.20
to
in
vcienof
these
igniters
wi-re wired up
in
para'llel,
Get 97
'ILIA11
SPLIT
Abe
CLEM~e
-Las
SILIAIC10
SPINGl
psg
VA~.W.aINO
-Re~~ave
IP.t
KIN
-~~~~T
fk~h" CHANNEL
~~
I.'
CAP-115U
ul.0
~ELLE
PAPN
5119LA
pgmc~
0
*,
YANSIY
IA
WAI
74SM.
-SAFET,
CAP _
..
~ .A
'I.
PINl
US
RELEAS PLNMPIo
Pr
tIME
Shot 1,(
CAPIIL
PL
AIN~I
lAGMMEN
oac, PiAYGA
PINGVI
Soots00(4 CAN,
Va
efo
LA IfSCPUL
A
LAS" 94.10511.0
TM
W
TAC
KAIC
Mos
IVA
s.4..tm ace,
-!p
Ils
MI~
_
OAKN
ilAS
BALSOLPiso,,SS4N
i Y .~
As.roC.ec
SSO.St
fl~~j,~~Asn
OfbIN
SUlTINSO
&.0AGUD
LASACUSSIONC
Is
~ 61"Note
std
OR
soes
WS
rat.
STRIKER
INAW
K66k
AU SRI
.14.
NoUtgum
CAP
CA
~*.js.,i~1t.,
rod
ct lilw.
.t
vv fidt't'it
.,i
'r
,:11
.-
Ith
i1ct(tnii
v
V0 fint iining tilt.
tilt rod
Iuro
s a ulI
i si tiitr.4
I'tv
,slit.
4 i. jv~
iiwt
I ii. .ili'w..itiui rttiifur
dIl.
it, Slide tiiumitsa'l
11m,i r~l1I.l,sinj., flit
ttriker .Int
I; 3. t;ri.t I~ t ,ti~r
Pas
.. i t tilt per
Li-slotl V.i 1, i v t Alif ii e vxpI isioll tr.lin. *'lliss
igntiter
wiA.I tue. I in tlit itait
.ini
.1 antitl'r-son tit-1 minct5.s a wel
Wits It.iota. trials, (1I ,1
.Iit, N
li,
114-l)
,A
'ki! \t'n 1 ypei Irvttiittrd tlat- ltnsit prioi,-ples
It Vv
it.
L..
ii
it
0t4It-ct
u~i.
fthit it had .t 1 vi ltiriely dlit irets %afnety
It is. *Itcurjilw
it: R, Is *
$.11v.i at.. i. PfItt
Antilifting
Igniter
tlitit~:.iti~1
i uch its
E Z44oftit-flst
upe csing,
ILt;~
la.te, tilt. t lockwutr III,lidrc Nin
siikt.'r incaim
..:e Iti"
ll I.1xjItt.isive
ill inta: AIte r %%inoitttt the
it - c ki,wi -r
imitli
ii
it'It. eiiutitj~ Wa.. plce
it
jii
umter .1 i'll fl ort
otheir it!'tt
itt i*irt~gb,
di101
htLy
.1t..t,s of .1 isort or w...i
,...,..
bed ti. tilt
h
.mineUseq
*2)
*Igniter
gnto
~uwder,
v Ilairse.
For Flak and somte Army guns the use. of black ptw.Ier
was conisidered undesiroble on aLccount
of its
ity
it,! (ifit lnnptn ft vit . ri-poIt-1J Iltat charge- hmygroscorpic
sob jected to
jolitng contained broke~n up gratins whtichi c. usedi ton rapid
Ignitioin oif the propellant. %luItsl better results Aere obtained
...
rc.~
,...,
Ia
pwe
ytacg*cle
eldn
whichl contained NzManNP (Nitrozellul Oisc .%anivier Nude?_
pulver), it porous propellantn prepared b ecttg wt
wae
lollided NC coting nome K nitrate. This propellant
wt
i,,ue
neink cartridges. Another repulati',nteo
for strainght black powder wax NSP (Nitrozellulose 'Schwartzpulver) whith
i
ontainedi Mc
: 2 1.0, black powde r 75 .4 knd diipheny lainit e 0.2';.. ']lis arnountt of NC was sufficient tit
bild the blac k powder together into hard grains.
partic.ularly atlt-loading
where th. fililadung did not 4ive satisfactoryde~nsqtii-s,
ignition.
a Grundlodlung (hjase charge) of' special flake propellant
was used. The flakc was of a size inittarmediate between
the main charge of tie :ube propellant ond that ofn the
ab ove NzManNP3.
Practically all Ucirman cannon propelIlIin g charges
consisted of long tubes and it was considered eunnential
to ignite these .'i both: ends. hn order to ensure for the
printer flash a clear rassalpe to the front of the propelling
charge, a thin-walle I cordite tube oh fairly large diameter
was placed along the axis of each section uf cthe 0..hAze.
Reference: Il.Hl..M.Pike, CIOS Report if(p (19,16), pra7-8.
Into
Ifamto
rlelgain
eraperature Test
rintziindungstder
olnfamns
Verpuffunrij,
l~it
peritturlu~nb,.
For description of fle testse
it.4r,
(',eitichr Untersucliung der Spreng. unit Za tl-lstilffe
1,4,p
2niinte)eca
etot
Theinsnhwcio,(19.4),
2
opantsome
plonive
etrand
secttit
technic comtpositions was determicied by F.Lenze, S S 27,
1697.(92)
(S-ee
(1932).
ltyTet)
(SeasFlm bityTt)
I Wachs (16 Wax). During UYl 11, ctre I (I Fairbterinduqtrie
dvlpdsvrlsnhtcwxssri
fwihfn
eoe
evrlsnhti
ae
ne fwihIa
higher melting points tlhan natural waxes. 'L~ese waxes
were ulitd for plllegmatintitlg explosives such as PT
Al r . fI'gli n s 'r'r
re
li~l,
,,
il
Gtr 100
11, P'l*
I tgos
I'll
,is:
0. 7, Pt'lystyrene 11 s8
87ium
i'l,'spl~ora
s . V6)
On
t peayl w
pr$I~tlp iv
t .l iii
'ncintr %.
wt
of Ie-%
ZeSc* Urps tl0
in tiitin
Pi
I'ltiru (
Irhi ..t* IP.Icrpul,
tilwidlivcvatIltjn
teit'll
p ,.A"tgrtye
f ir and runn ing
til-ionsistt- il .1 steel oliter C,,
into whrichg two tuibe.%
u enri in 'wrtd, tlte outer of celluiloid
arid tilt.
ilit
s~ce i bewetvn tber!;e two tubecs
Pneper;
was fillet1 awith
oilt'hb let' av Iixtunie
th inner- tun
l.,
)
Most incendiary ,horn s res cm ible in
,anpr..ran rt file.
o r~bi nniirb y*li he~ r ng d i s se
oIa 1kg m agn esiu m
b olt- (i 1lF) to th e 500 k g oai-fi
l l od lo mli Clm o i 5 0)0
i 'ndi vry b nhostn
). S e ra l
are listed under I~t-m
l e. The'sinai icr e vtyp
were llsialily cairrited in itilitainer,
whereas
the lar cr
bombs were cart ied inL'mhrcks
Ilikc wil similar s iz high
expiosi%'t bomb. TIhe I kg and I
ki magnesium bomibs often
hd a si a i a ntip e rs o nne c harg.
to iliscourage.
c orp ora te d in th e b om bR
lire fighters. -Iomcl' in
larger
types also had ai
small cxplosi e char,4c but this wats
for the purpose of
scattering the iocendiary mixttare.
See~
~~
tadohFanmoh
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ala.
~~~i
n Hoh
pcgrn
bollilicAm
01n%lvw
(if" thre 'tiertimn chtels li~nted in Ref
' wecrv
U li'iiv.
t it'o ~e
501mlm iII-'Inc-T (5 cut lrSpgrPatr
iisur wa uedin'A Gun, Fl:-ak 41(p
197). Another
w.as 88 mmin lr-Sliralpa ci (8.8 cmotn
AA gurs Flak- 18,.3It# ,nd 1".0 4p19). irfrSchr Ilk)urtji
~omG.r~~ii acinenIii~e~
.e~eiid b ~tttaeh.r
(1<04
Re~ferntice's:
na
eot123
l)5)
~
A) L2t .U.ilatem-ina,
Lisowski. 1:01,
10 Rep-irt
odRpr
12-1 3 (19.15),
pp
6 & 18-19
211
11) A.i'etthachef, spreng. und Scliiergstoffe,
Zurich ( 19.18),
*
* I)*iM)-08S.
(hS
3~)
T 9-9053 (1% 3
-D IM 11)I'M9-1,450"I
091).Reference:
1tIndustrial Esptilosi..es.
SeVe
Coloirgiercial Explosives.
Inetia
(~i~uce
Grvittio ystm o Balisic uidnce
Inertial
Systm.
Gconsisting
ee uderGr-dance
System-, for Missiles.
Infro-Red Comoufluge. Fee Infra-Rot
Tarnoung.
Infrared Gu Idance System. See under Guidance
tor., Missilesr.
Systems
rlur
iiir
gen
-Zndraft).
'I'le initiating property o
power of Primar) or iniitiating explosives
may be determn~ied
byl aig
n emt
cp s l sth
tp s uedfrN
anmpycp(uistetysuedfro8
8
detonators) with u we~ghcd quantity
:)f an explosivet to be
testekd, co nprves.;ni thi. %a1mple and
~; clec tinga th r. loade d
c ap to o n e or b t
t e f l o ing te s ts: T) L ead P la te
-L a l
o pe s o
e t
T orst
hest2 L ad ec uloek
forntress
o T aest.os
s
'e~tssaeue
o
h
aeproea
h
A merican Sand Te'st and Nail Test,
derl.i bud in the general
section.
t r n e: A S e t a h r S ~ s
eeec:tSetaceSljs-udSp
- a d S r ngtfe
g t f e epi
e p i
(1933), p%114.
(Pulver). One of th~e sporting propellants: guncotton
79,
bichroniate 1.1.0, K bichromate 3.0, moisture 1.5,
and
i
Brrnswig, D~a% rauchiose Pulver (1926)
'aizC
25
''~4I.
Jagdpulver (hlunting or Sporting Propellant)
Two knso
propel iants were used in shotguns
b)llack powder and smokeless
and
spotin rifles,propellants. Their
UCS
Jul sporting smokeless propellant
was "'Schultze-Pulver'.
Other smokeless propellants used
for spo.tn purposes
were:
Amberit E, C (Pulver), J 'Pulver),
tn
Saxonia and
'Walsrode.
lirunswig, Das r3uchlose Pulver (1926),
p 134.
Jagd Tiger ('lank Destroyer Tiger). A self-propelled
of 128 nin A/T gun on P-zK;,fw VI (See mount
under
Jet Priopulsion is briefly .Iescribed
in the general section.
Sonie information on German jet units designed
and manufactured byI the 14alter 'Aerke, Kiel is given
in CIOS Report
3015(1945).
(jer 101)
Tabl
Field Gun
FK
Flak Antiaircraft Sun
Gehl[ Mountain ho'witzer
Feldkanorte
Fug ibwehirla none
FI
Gehirgsh.uiz
Muntin un
(,eirglcaoncGeb
~such
KwK Tr~k
Kampfw.geraanone
Kr)I
Railroad Suit
Kanone Fisenhahr'i
Ko:R Retcoillens gun
X.Ah(.rc ohne Rticklauf
leichte Feldhaubitze
1F1
I.ight field howitzer called
by the British 'gun - howitirer
Light gun
1K
lelichtc KanoneIoder
(G)
*
le ichtes Gesch'~ti
11G
Light infantry gun
Ielichtes; Itifanterie(11G)
S
Keschutz
P'ak
Antitank gun
Panzerabwehrlcanone
sFI1 Heavy field howitzer
sheeFeldlhaublitze
fleavy gun
K
schwert. Kanone Mder'I
!schweres Geachuitz
Heavy infantry gun
sIG
schweres Infantenie(,JG)
geschitz
*
25oKing
Kippitunder
(Tilt-Type Igniter).
See
under
I4nirer
(ee
Wapos)Kno~ll
lsoundr
43
IS
5
Pate.Secunde
TagetIndiat~g
~cb~od
Flre.2)
2.0~(
m nitradTNT Hi.o, oxygntrt
2.6 Ni.w
Koh knWetr-utv
(Rel
xy n
h st at nd.0 'rairl 2. t vlll 10 ccd2.0;
- aus
I(..~N tetnd vlue230cc Ref2,
Kohln-WsiflltIV.Ni.~.2
Am itrte
Kohl oni estal
lirht IV M., me1.2, Aind
nitat
3.0 K itrte'
I .0, Kitraen
(Re[ 2.
o
*8.H''. ideilraozl tes vau 200
I
'Kohien-Wesroalit V. N(, .1.0. Am nitrate 81.0, K nitrate
~.0*Ilanitrte
.0, otao mel 15 an NintanWaX
I ':oxytmc
n
'aulrs
au
IV, )
"!Wcc (Rd
*
lttereces:Lead
K Pulver.
Same as GiPulver.
I '.\omnm
Semiss mnd Sp~remgstot le, Dresdenr (1927), p 1417
2) 1'.Nuam'm,
". rmm:,v:lvcriM,
etc * lialtImmore (0928), Jil .135'
& illerror,
Kohln.Wetfalt.
ee nderKollens~regstofe.tie
Ko~x.A
f tme
exlosve
arbnit tye, uchas:Nc;25,
Ko~o,
(f Ate exlosie
crbonte ype suc as NG25,
K nitrate 26, Ilai nitrate 5,.wood meal `14, mid starch 10'..
Ilere was also ,inSuper-Kolams.an exsplosive used in lingland
M~mslmll
p 75the(117)
Kolfit (Kolfite).A snitokeless- propell~ant patented in 1890 b~y
lI.Kolf of, iunn, which consisted of mixtures of nitrated
cereal 'flours, moss, oil cakes, residues of factories man1ufaicimring organic products such as starch, sugar, beer,
saltpeter previously saturated with
ectc .with
:1lcolitil
ing gelatin, P A
p(1952).
*Kopfring (I Iead Ring). ' When it was desired to avoid execsisive penetration against land targets- and to prevent ricochet
against sea tarmets, rings were 'attached over the noses of
hmasch s SC (11% cylindrical, general purpose) or
some -SD (A/P cylindrical, thick walled). (See also Anti:Ricochet Plates)
.
'3
Reference: TM A-1985-2 (1951), p 3.3)ASetahr
'
/00
S/(
Blasting
gelatin
NG
NCOl
PA
P
TNT
DN13
inetgosuig
algsml
520 to 610cc
515
325
300
285
byetnrfr
a10gaml
to 600
to 420
to 365
to 300
250
554cc
540
400
385
350
311
SC
4rid'
usae
KZ calculated
SC earS
9
L0
Teat Values
aiu
50 Bmh
*, S
2
Brori
I',\
~~~/o
on
Table 25b
nitobnsee.Trauzl
Rteference: J.lDaniel, lDictiotnnaire. Paris (1902), p 394.osevdb
Kantinuierliche Verfobren' (Continuous Methods) of manltificture of explosives such as those of Schmid M),eissner
and Ihiazzi were used in several Germian plants.
Som e; of thesc methods
ie
are briefly described under
Nitroglycerin, lpontrit'und Trinirrotoluol, as well as in the
Belgian , Dutch, Firench, Swedish andi Swiss sections.
Refelencivs.
1) A.stuetalmacher, Sehiess- und Sprengstoflc, Blarth, Leipzig
(19331), pp, 174 &:333
2) A.Stettlmacher, Spreng. und AchiesstoffC, Rascher. Zuirich
(148.p6097
.Note:4)
Plvoas
.Stttbche,Exlosvos Gii, uens Ares
abov~e.
's
tier 101
K ummel Fobrik of Dynomit A -G ,located
ata Krimmel
near Ilamburg (See under War P~lants) manufactured during
%Wl 1 V~arious explosives p'rope~llaants etc noad wals enagaged
in research. and deve~lopmelnt work for the Armed Forces
* l'lown~'are
omeot hu. a~caieemets o Kt~naal
Falsrik pe~rsonnelA.Pressing of explosives. In loading aaia. inition (such
Lt. detun~atora,, boosttrs .11d pro'jectiles) one of the
most 11m.portant requiremenats, istPniti
h
e
density of loading for each type. of ammunition and for
I ucla kind of explosive. As a rule, the effectiveness
of an explosive is higher at anaxilouiura density, but an
some cases such high dlensity is undersirab'~ because
it mighat caiuse deud-pressing (as in the case of mercorkfultaiate
orcrakin ofpelets(asin he ase
of Npl0., which is PETN densitized with 10 parts of
wax ).1The eXact ri-quurfd density of charge was obtained
IN wvig;hing acctiratel- each portion o1 the explosive
an7
I d procced'.ng as described InloIn ~~~the
pirepatator of pellets fr
ootrte
werighed masses ol. an explosiv'e were transferred
to one or tso Idoren niolds placed in portable holders
undr~a~atuaaorrspodin
nuberof illng unnls
fastened thacrespriin
neroraed
plaes Durling finnllg
fastnedtog-.1er
n prfoatedplaes.Durng illng,
*loss of etp~losive was carefully avoided so that
the' required density wnuld be obtained. After macer*taining that' each mold was properly filled, the
f 'oreman "Incid the holder with molds under a press
Jlocated
behind a strong wall andoprtdb
rcmote control. Any spilled mate: ial was collected
.,and blendedi with the next batch of explosive. The
pressed pellets wc~e removed and inspected for
1;
'
Ir
!0meA
aU
Kap
au(rup
Paer
K-Salz - The term assigned to Ilexogen (RDX) larePIl from
hexamine, ammoniuam nitrate anti nitric acid (See under
Ilexogen in this sectiont).
K-Stoff
(K- Substtance)
40Skp
om)
Seiem1unr
era.
T ey
n 12I
ofI
*,e:r 10I.1
Primer or Igniter).Severa'
and It hd rmht, Rein ecci tohd
'.iunder !one-a ire priaer) are described in lcy!ing-I)rckpof,
,2.
t'%), PP
K urzscliusszjnder('.liort-Circuit
"t.e
ucc:fIl
heavv
pressure
plat"e
slring
and
detonated
the
iniic.
LANDMINEN
(S.e.
also arnhagervrsuche),
(l~and Mlincr).
gioat
variety
of land nurses
cthe igniter andi no sCrew cap. I'lit wall% of the musbro aiir
shaped plate wer- :hill and th,.re wa% no h,.;nvy sj ,ril
under the pressuri.. L.ike Tellernine 42 it wais fillud
with 12 lb o( TNT. *The mine operated by downward
pressure on the mushroomn lid. This crushed its lght
walls and forced the head of the striker down, thus
igniting the mine "rellerminc 29, also desigoated T-5
was a light antitank mine constructed of sheet steel.
It was filled with 10 lb of TNT. The top was slightly
domed and had three adapters for ZDZ' 29 igniters.
The mine was exploded when sufficient pressure was
applied to one or several igniters. Total r.ights of
mines were as follows rMi 35 20 lb, TMi 35 (steel)
21 1b, TNfi 42 20 lb, TMi 43 18 lb and TMi 29 11.25 lb
(1Ref ! & 2; Rel .4, pp 81.01-81.0-1 & 6, Pli 2(''-?0).
Note: According to Ref 2, the T*Mi 43 lPilz) examined
during U, II at Picatinny Arsenal contained as the burster
charge 10.87 lb of Amatol, consisting of Am nitrate 44
and TNT 56%. The booster pellets consisted of about 88"
PETN and 12, Montan wax.
8) Pot-Shaped Antitank Mine (Topfmlne
A), also
filled
body called
Saucepan Mine, consisted of a plastic
with 12,5 lb of TNT or 50/50 Amatol. Total weight
of the mine was 20 lb. Under a load of at least 150 kg
(330 lb) the pressure plate sheared along its groove
and thus came to rest on the head of the igniter. This
in turn moved down and crushed two small glass capsules
located inside the ignitet body. Tihe vapsules containmed
chemicals+ which on mixing produced a flash. This
in turn set off the detonator and then the lIE charge
of the mine (Ref 4, p 81.08; 5, p, 26-9 and 6, pp 271-2)
9) Clay Mines were of two types: Antitank and Antipersonnel.
The Antitank Mine consisted of a baked clay pot 8'1"
in diameter and 10" high with a wall 3/a" thick covered
with a clay pressure lid about 3" thick. On opposite
sides of the top of the pot were two round bulges which
housed ZZ 42 igniters. Two hollow passages leading
down inside each bulge carried the lenaths of instantaneous fuse connecting ZZ 42 igniters with booster
charges located at the bottom of the main charge, such
as Picric Acid . Pressure on the lid pushed the pins
out of the igniters, thus releasing the spring loaded
strikers, etc. The Antipersonnel Clay Mine consisted
of a round clay pot 8" in diameter anl 3" high, with a
wall 3"" thick, provided with a cover. The charge of
by means of the explosive
Picrkc Acid was ofdetonated
four ZZ 42 igniters, a detonator and
train consisting
a booster, when a pressure equal to as little as a
man's weight was applied to the lid (Ref 5, pp 38-41)
10) Antipersonnel or Antitank Aluminum Mine was filled
with Cheddite (7 Ib) and had a TNT booster. The body
and the lid Were of a flattened cylindrical shape. Three
DZ 35 i$niters together with NoB detonators were
insideor the
in boosters
inserted
in
the -aides
charge. located
Pressure120"on apart
main explosive
the
of lid
setoff.
off one
more ofofthe
three
mine
wasigniters
20 ib
Totalor weight
the mine
went
and center
(Ref 6, pp 273-4)
(Leichte Panzermine),
11) Liffht Antitank Mine, IPaMI
which could be converted to antipersonnel ace, conslated of two saucer-shaped, sheet metal covers morming
an 0-shaped container for 5 lb of TNT and an outer
cover which served as a pressure plate. Five igniters
were built into the mine and spaced radially around
it, Pressure crushed the mine cover and forced one or
more igniter housings downward over their plungers.
This action compressed the outer spring, allowing
the steel locking balls to be forcel outward into upper
recesses, releasing the striker, etc. For converting the
mine to antipersonnel use the bottom igniter nuts were
+Note. According to Dr Hans Walther, one capsule contained
liquid K-N. silo,, and the other ethyl nitrate or nitric acid.
(,tr
10P,
I'mrD
13/~4
(AAg
SHE
.?
R~
,4/AESJ
W-WCe)
pI
P L D A ..
A114C'I
out
,C
OLOSfi
Ad
;ne-
e.ffPfLSUAY
LI
TNCPT,
LAM -AE6
TS'HomAn-4 (AfIMAe
I
~$ICMV,~Ifv
of,"~ rgagkj
inIERP9
LAND
I,at ssioH
MINES
lellrAfe Po
16NIII
-IT-
74A f W
'Arcly
VJf,,n_7e'"-'
SCREW
Ft AME 7111-F
PiFICUSSION CAP
CAP
Pt KL Us
s0m
IVIA
TII,40
A, TICK
CAP
st r)ck
k7O
PUL L
NATb
som srEh
WIRE
BASE
AGE
A"VITY
DET
HATOR
#W-Nine
AFF Ty
PIN
PRESSURE KATE
()u T E A
SPRING
PUCL IGNITER
SHEA
PLAI
IGN-T
NITER
MINI:
PeOCUSSION CAP
lVoo
000
IGNITER
IME
01YONA-cla
PLATE
OURSTING
r)f MNATOR
las FOR
LOCATING
IN CHARGE
WDY
CHARGE.
O."AR
SSEPABLY
ou SING
XCMENT
r
CASt_ P
LAS'6C
Of TONATOR
A
UCSTI.-,
TONAIION
PIN
KE
CHARGE
DEMOLITOCIR
fouvrok
sm(nP Wl
&TV
Savo.
Ft'z9 I
OvoNA.Ox
'ELL,
AFEYY CLIP
j
CAVIrv
PULL WIRC
Wooo EN PLUD
ISHII CA APID 91VTO'
"^TOR
IGNITIER
LIT
PtLl,
Avlrrv P
Lim G PLUG
'10INTPOELAY
it Lit
SHORT
U.
4 IIA SECC
OELAY
PELLtT
TICK
)DCN PLUG
DELAY PELLE!
CAETE
;Op
DETOII4ATOR
MOO"
c
3TRIKLIA
GLASS C
SULL,
ACID
f4r."IT101
WHITS POWNE0
it
LIYF
HICK 6L AS%
OTTLE rgf&
A.
o"Tim
so
mmm C"ACGE
LASH C94ANNfL
Al
-8fTow^TOA
Ill
ti k
'
'I lit'Iliii'
1. ii
4011ililv~i"
o Ilk slih it.a
lii
Hisi- Ii!a".".,.
Iliti. 'stili . Ii 'itsj I i
1 i'Ti-
Ita.
S it
i s-ii iiir
,rI,iiI
.ilgl,
CI'at
'tiit I'i~ssutt
;-,
-e.i'
11i,
I'N
ifVitt
~r
nt ,liei'.i
still
1
C
-rrirppeid tili.t-athuatinj-
levetr
-4
all
iit(
tiI
Cilt-
.
tI'lv
iii
.id
Us. an
1'l'l
loo
ii-I
tihe
wits sufica.ient to permilt die inine to rise in Af
detonators in tilt: t ube s were met
til,
and
charge
matin
the
ploded
enx
tilt.,
tors
de'rtoa
,*le
s1~ml bll were dis;persed in till directions.Te
ing
ran ge wats 2100yrs V .ii itos tintilit!2.0
i'Ictci e
1
as mitne (R f1;4.
dt.-Viv were einplttye wit
ad 6i, pp 21!0-1)
except
14, S-Mine 44 wit, similnar in ticsi~agn ito "5s-i I,
i iter (Smi/. -W'
tili ilte S-Nii -i-i used iU push-puIl tVP Ga
(whlich wits not locattted in tilie center its~ it, S-NI i31~) amid,
tilt, tine dletonated't at a pre de t;!rninv' he i ght ofta boot 30"
tubes
it it be'(tart. tile
i'l
VIM-tS
Vi''a
CthO
%t'tifli
lt tOiiW
O
l'itarotiiuliid
itt
i1ti''W
It.'Mai
H2112 ;
N iiite:A4t coedhiig
moiif jcjtint. of
~'"~i'
'
I
AiHullinig 011111tbl
(0'Aiitiptr'tottiteI Mtiites C2,
as Schtrifine 42.cotnsistctI of at wootdent box contatiining
1t detitolitioti blockl ttigethier Wilhla Z/. I iglimL( r
l1
stlid
it
ii etiqiat~or.
Tile IKis
freeing
I il. Prnessutre ott tilt lilt piushedti lt-. pin out titus verislon
div strikeir. Tlotail weight wits 1.1 11). A Ittotlilied
igtiii-i (Ref 4., 1, 82.C04 Indl
tif$)i~jlttiirtvc iist' thte /2'I.
.Xnileroioe litttvitvt
Atiprsoine
-P Impov,11
W-1)
(Behelfestoilne
Xlit
inemine
%hell
ntortai
ainto
C
Frt'ncl
wasiii..efrnt tipurd
re'mloved.
-~dben
Irtni whtich tilte ntose' fouze and tail fins
k [sticks cheimical igniter and a detonator wecre fitte'"t
itisilt' Cilt. cavity in thll'h charge, Whicht was tither
cihn - ''.Apl
li'Il cid or graniulated ~ Nl 1fntls
5 Illt was required to
titt pries .Ue
mine' (ef 6i, p 279)
set oft Cthe
nitiglic inetin teither
IM8 Anttipersonneutl \title, s-Mi 35 Ivltu,.t 35.
'tilie inine was
Scheinptehlmrlre 35 Or Schutiteraralfe
prior tomthle cxatlso caltled) flouncing IMine ,(ecause V"as
projectetd uptite inner cast' of cthe mine
1ilosiontr
waril I Cii 5 teIt. I'lie British calle'd thismainedtie "Fruit
'I'inl becaiuse. it teietitbled a tin can in size and shtape.
'l'le tiniimi Consi~red of an outer steel casme and an inner
or Amnatol
canister whtich hittlu about 0,, ozt of 'TNT A
central
surtnded by atbout 350) shralpnel bWtIN.
hemncnani
hog
steel tubte running t isil
nislower part a 4 j
in ics uptper part an igie n
~for e'lecting
5I'cOlt'.i dlelay pellet. A lilack powder charge
th ine, was locatted beneath the inner canister. '1'Inee
dietonao tul 8 were spaced radially around the inner
le ntas
tpipart, adasotely
catnister, 120
fitted into tile bottom of each tube. 'Tile mine op~erated
by pressure tr 'by pull. In either case, When tihe igniter
wats fired its flamei ignited the '1~z second delay element
whtich in turn ignited the expelling charge. The resulting
prdio
gasresureforced the inner contne
short delay
ctie 'air aitd ait the sante tine ignited the
in these
delay
'1'he
pellets in thle three detornuittIt' tubes.
Load Awl1de.
Lead Peroxide.
Lesaid P lerate Lead
See Bleiperoatyd.
See flcipikracsi.
See
Trizinat.
30'..aDzo
~
lt
eference. M.Giua cc
U'r-ui', T1orino, (1951), p 166.
"Leotopard".
zoai
ri
diC
iCiia
mc,
I.,,r INS8
"Laopil'
or "Anitio Annie".
A 2'W) Am,, Railroad (,un,
Mo'v (28 Vil K-420, Jlesign-1 Jloring VtW It by Gessner
-(Set- 41st, kessner, toun .anl under U~eal'ontt.
LeIitchiborbe
Horrble
U S Navy, Blureau
1 (1951). p 48j4.
Lichtspursotre. Sec
Tracer
L euchtspurstifie
*
Lever
ljnter
Igniter
lire up to I ,210 rou nds per minutc. For a more deta iled
dlrcription see: NI.M.Johnson. Jr , Army Ord,,ance
30
525
(1946) and G.M.rh inn, The Mach ine Gun,
odor
(.'ii'.~it't~,in
lbe'indt'r).
Se
*Lignofol.
Ahighly compressed lamnina~ted wood used for
the
contrution of thle I u.i ,At somle rockets, C g thle
Rheintocbter *' )982(93)
2
b , erln.
G
* Lgnoe Si~gstffwrk
t~ aplats nd Asenlsmade
eeunder
Liquid Rocket
L~iquid.
Propellants. Atve
Rocket l~ropellants,;
of
Ordnance,
Wanhington,
1) CI
vutilizing
erl
Magntsisum Oxide(MOdsrbdith
Lurgi Spialtonlage (Lurgi Cr,Lcking Plant) operated durin~g
section,was included as a component of many German
U11~I at the Sclalebusch Fabrik. D)A -G It regenerated
solventless extruded proPellaots. it was claimed
teSO ) from strunk! s"!furic acid contaminated
U0(,,n
* wthoranic
material.s and'suspenided solids.
that MSO gre~atly facilitated the extrusion Process.
Ti e prncedutre as esenill
s follows.
h composition of some propellants contg 0.05 to
PaIrry sulfuric acid %as volatil zed intue crce (inn
Ni
nP
14),P8-1
195,p8-1
22
n BRp e
ie
0.25..gi
an oxidizing aitnosphicre) by means of two burners
(Seecalso under Propellants).
producer gas from a coke tired furnace. By
maintaining thec temperature above 800 C, the acid wasfoMisl.
Se
*dissociated
into So,, a~,nd. [1 C0 and then the bulk of the
Magnetic-Sallistic Guidance SystemfrMiil.
Se
StO was dissociat'ed
2nt
0 200Aand
thesetie
under Guidance Systems for Nlissiies.
orgjic c'oaui,punds burned to C0 2 and 1102 ndth
sulfur to So. The gases leaving the cracker were
Mognuskioft (Mlagnus Effect) .Scc general section and
rapidly chillc~fin a system containing dus eaaos
alsis
also booso
ain air cooler and two water'circulated gas coolingtowrs
rhe resulting SO was used ior the mannfacturt of
oleum.
Monnol.- Trade Iname for Ethylacetanilide described in
Reference: F.Ileppenstall et al, B'OS Final Report 1634
the general section. Its 20% alcoholic soln is a good
(1946), pp 9-1
.
gelatinizer at 550 or higher temperatures for collodion
Luvicar. Trrade narie of Polyviniylcorbazole. According to
cotton.
*
CIOS Rapt 21-3 (1945), 1P5 this plastic was unsatisfactory
Reference: Kast-Metz, Chemische Untersucliting (1944),
for injection molding'since it had a melting point of over
p10
Ma:~verpulver (Maneliver
un,
2) s a792 m
Mackn.
G 4(Mashinngeehr
weapon developed in 19'42 arnd which served during
sW-4 1I as the basic weacpon of the infantry squad.
'All its Parts wCre mnanufa.-Itured by stamping. It could
or
Blank Fire
Propellant).
The
olloingcompositions are given in lBrunswvig, lDas
rauchlose Pulver, (1926), p 136: a)guctn9,
diphenylamine 1.0, moisture 1.0 and gelatinizer 1.0!;;
guncotton 67, NC 32, ma~isture 0.5 and gelatinizer
0.5%.
MAN-Satz (Man-Salt).Described as Methylamine Nitrate
in the general section. The German technical salt
had a mp ca 1030, while the purified material was
109-110
One of the German methods for preparation of MAN-Satz
was as follows:
Nethylamine (97-98.5% purity) a.,d weak technical
nitric acid (45 to 66%) were mixed con. nns
at the 'rates of 1240 and 5600 parts by weight per
hour respectively. The temperature was held at
and abu
*(
inra
Ih
ic
jectile was coated with acid-proof paint, svch as a hydrocarbon-type high polymer.
was also used in mining explosives, where
it was usually mixed with Na nitrate (/Ih- utectic melts
below 500) and a small amount of hydrated starch or o n:er
gel (to render the miture plastic). Small quantities of
RDX or PFTN could be incorporated when it was desired
to increase the velocity of detonation of the explosive.
References:
product'.
the
centrifuge; a total
of
about
10%
(Ref
Rerncs
orStickland et &I, General Summary of Explosive Plants.,
P11 Rept 925 (1945), p 22
Rept 85,160
(1946),p 25
3) 11.Walter et al, Gemian Development in Iligh Explosives,
PI1 Rept 78,271 (1947), pp 4-7.
MAN-Salz Perchlorat (Man-Salt Perchlorate, Merhylammonium
Perchlorate) was prepd by Walter et al by neutralizing
monomethylamine with perchloric acid. As this explosive
had a high m p and was highly sensitive to shock, it was
necessary to use it in miXtures with substances which
would lower its sensitivity as well as its m p. The low
m p was desirable in order to be able to cast-load the
explosive. Such mixtures could be obtained by boiling
under reflux, a solution of Am perchlorate in commercial
oqueous formaldehyde. After distilling off the water and
other volotiles. i solid explosive, m p 90-1000, was
obtained. It was compatible with RDX. As it was inferior
to MAN-Salz, no further investigation, was made EWalter,
PB Rept 78, 271 (1947), p 7 ).
Montelpatrone (Sheathed Cartridge). A short description
of sheathed explosives is given in the general section.
During WW I1, the Germans used "active sheaths" (q v
for housing explosives such as Wetter-Wasagit A.
(See s
References under Active Sheath).
One of the proximity fuzes developed during WW 11
in Germany. The device is mentioned on p 229 of TM 9-1985-2
(1953).
Marder (Marten) (Called by the French "torpille humaine*)
A device developed in 1944 consisting of a torpedo with
a warhead and another on top of it containing no explosive,
but a small cabin to house one man. The two torpedos
were attached to each other in such a manner that it was
easy to disconnect them when necessary. The ensemble
was launched from a ship or shore against a ,argct and when
it approached to
within
good aim and detached the lower torpedo contg the warhead.
This left the upper torpedo (contg the cabin) afloat by
dipese
dispersed inorganic
15% ofahighly
and about
agent, such as sinica o
. ma.
In order to preventa
corrosion from the nitric acid the inside of the pro-
crystals
of a I IIIII
Sand,
15
Ifdcac
IIId
av~~~ofw
ARMIPIKIRIR
PORTOWS1
IIIATC
TAIR
uooo~
LAR
p~tItSU
HUSIG
~AIIOSOAR
'
s~occ
ou~1
LINK11
UBE':1
ITANYCHAM
NCIIIJid
S
1OLT II)
COMPOSITIONIRAG
SAICNALCIU AID
FINS
(,er I1l
Marine Explosives of WW I and WW II. ;.dier this titlc
inl irhta~r (Svi u.0.,i) 9, 11-15 (19.13),
A\.Stc'ttb.w'het,
d ,scr-s hiv explos ive~s u:c by the (,wriasimes for fillel
torpdl.wou, s5Vc.a mintvs, depth clarges etc:
1: TNT 6(0, l.NIhIhA (liexanitro.it I:spl.oive of U
.dlhtlyld~uiaetn).*Wl
.sed as a burster
bomb The compos
to 1.3 mm and the
nio;sture content I
and battery
only
was completed,
po~rtion
of the bomb
As the. batteries
body and
as all
H5.-)
(
aircraft(pp
aliet
,) SeaMarkcr LUX I/:Z 50 SC was constructed of joined
in two parts (nose and tail) loosely
together abotit V/3thedi:.mancc from the nose. Its external
v..w .noi a briei description are given on p 87 of TNI
0-1985-2 11953)
(.) Mark 3 Lrun (Sini, 'c Unit Greund Mariter, Green)
consisted of A sheet steel cylinder enclosing a cardimord container with the pyrotechnic composition, a
fuze with gaine (tilled with black powder), an arming
,.i~indle and an arming vane, which was loosely fitted
within the housing. On release of the marker from the
aircraft, the current of air rushed through the vent
it from the
arming vane, tious ejecting
holes in the reason
of its shape, the armin, vane
iy
houing.
rotated as the missile was falling. This rotation unscrewed the arming spindle of the fuze thus permitting
its clockwork mechanism to function. At the expiration
of Ipreletermined delay, the black powder in the gaine
became ignited. The resulting flash ipnitcd the pyroslight extechnic composition and at the same time acap,
fuze and
plosion took place which ejected the cover
for
burned
filling
arming van;. housing. The pyrotechnic
about 3"1 .iggmiutes
7) Lux N l:lame Float. A bomb-like device constructed
of sheet steel and provided with four fins. WI-.n released
over water the device went under the surface thus
he water to enter the ports and to pass down
allowin
the inlet tube into the calcium phosphide
chamber.
The resulting reactuon produced phosphine gas which
passed up the outlet tube through the nonreturn valve
to the burner where it ignited spontaneously to form
a pilot jet. At the same time, water entered through
the channels in the nose and passed through a perforated tube into the calcium carbide compartment.
The acetylene evolved passed through the perforated
diaphragm into one :omprersion chamber and thence
to the burner where it was ignited by the pilot jet
(pp 91-2)
8) Lux S Flame Float (Types !, 2 and 3)was cylindrical
s in the previous device, Ca
shape anda containedarb
Morspille or Mars Priming Drops. L.ow tension fuseheads
intended for ordinary instantaneous detonators. They were
manufactured by dipping .'e tip of the electric bridge wire
into the following liquids:
a) 1st dip composition consisted of 100 g of dry Pb
picrate suspended in 50 mi of a 2r, solution of NC in
amyl or butyl acetate. After the drop on the tip became
dry it was dipped into
b) 2nd dip composition consisting of Pb picrate 40 g,
K perchlerate 35 g and alderwood charcoal 25 g. suspended in 50 ml of a 2% solution of NC in amyl or butyl
acetate
c) 3rd dip composition contained K perchlorate 85.7
about
g, suspended inacetate
and alderwood charcoal 14.3 in
amyl C- butyl
50 ml of a 3% solution of NC
d) 4th dip composition %as a lacquer consisting of a 15%
solution of NC in 75/25 butyl acetate ethanol to which
was added (20% of the dry weight of NC) Sipolin AOM
(which is the meth~lcyclohexyl ester of adipic acid)
and 17 g of Sudan Brown for each 10 1 of liquid.
tes: A) For material to be used In tropical countries,
couperier
the 4th dip contained Al powder (200 S per
No
Iteral
the fuseprotect
to
supposed
was
which
lacquer),
head against static electricity
B) Marspille possessed the property of not igniting
pr pet ofvnoinn
t
es
p
B)rMarpich
firedanp,
was of great
C) The which
soldering
the advantage
bridge wire to lead-in
wires, the preparation of dry ingredients for fusead the
head dips, the preparation of NC varnishes
process of dipping the fuseheads are described
under Fusehead Manufacture.
6er 112
PU,,/
A
Infer
-Maust
ws.
heavy tank desigined ily Porsche (See
VXtpertimental *ranks, under P'an?.er)
hi.i
Megonit
ok
om o
..-
N(; (.0.0, n~it,.atd wood pull, 10.0, nitrated ivory nut mneal
(corozo) 10.0 and Nis nitrate 20 .0"'; l'.Nato~am,N itroglycerin,
Baltimore, (1928), pt29-i .
St"CAe
F s:
'
/10Siu
Melon. A, jelly originally prepared by Sprengstumffe A (~artbnit, Swcilel'UNCi1, by boiling glycerin with an aqueoussolution of glue. it was incorvorated in some dynnamites
in order 'to incrense itheir plastifity.' Some glycerin-glue
Anixtures contained dextiin (See also 6elat ine-Carbonit and
Safety jelly Dv~namite).
Jtelerence: l'.Nao'n., Nitroglycerin, ilaltimore (1928), p .406.
Meldebuichie
(Message
Con tainer or
Message
Tube).
(Nachrichren
a
A1
CAMit
Piatolengranate).
.C'SP
G
.
mesye
P7
a~
..
MA&e
Z/S
pln.
Metac"elludal.
Ii 3.C*1
4 ,S N~l*
$of NC.
Referencei Kast-Metz,
rnchweig (1944.), P 162,
Chemische
Untersuchuig.
IIntunt-
1I00
0N.
Methyl nIfrop.-poned lot Dinitrate,
'I
N0
(;er 113
Me
sthyatff. A rmixture
of aluminum
dichloromethyl,
3:l' antid
alimainurn
chlorodimaicthyl,' A.C(C 2
propsedas
su'strut
fo phsphrus
in ncendi. 2
*compositions. Tlie mixture was prepared by passing methY'I
chlrie ap R trough ct-pper-free aluminum, turnings.
efrne
.l.ihron
e al CiS
5-8
A
Metrioltrinitrat
f(lctrini Trnitrate), (%Methyltrim etteylol*Alth.;nc Tlrinitrate or I'a~ntaalycerin *liirate), 11LA
2(.I
ONOt)1) Jci.vribc,cl in the general section, was d-
ryeecibcae
eErh-ipacar,
Te.
MngExolv.SeCmmerciail 1-silosives.
ant aopted
Mini, Land.
See Landnaincn.
hi i v1 KIP
*1ttiC1
t
rade tnatiir
P-T Iaueresulfanic Acid, 11 .( i.ettI
I
I .24o a,t*S
ft.1
in'
mitr
, its
'rpanriv
for Cresyl
Ester of
:1;tny 1 olL~f
illvd.k.I.t
Run
)vltriliz-r
ti
for XCt
R 1ti-
Ka st%
&Mollit1.
Monochit (Mttt~iti
re
Iti2) Owsts.
ch
i t 'I
139411 I)I.p
t't~igo~ItsrlI(Ref I)
I .mwt
icr tvl,'t*
.Svis
i
ts lie.
2 6i 1;iv,
it Crs uclittitrt.
(Atwrrti ilt 1.
;jrrre fior
vi*Xltsive*s.
c~rV.1 t-lt6
mnona.-eW
it
t' ilt-e ciipositiont of
solie
Tale26ill,
Table26tunle.
an
___________________________________________
I~cig~nton
Ant
K nd/oJNr
tra:
'Anirrat
1) 1esig;
I i
8
Nltnachit 1
itb3(
hlonactir 11
(
Mtonac~hit 11d
Ahhre viation-1 rNX
Acc11in ti
A cord~ing
ib tabl etfo
Flod
.Ca
Akl
oa cborid
ln
col
-I1
c0t
1;
14
12
,rIniroxlylena
t
1
1
1
v
1eons 19
.ti
pare~t
l~e
ercoe:MY'rol
64f
25
(19 )18),pl
gso lel W,)'A),
on)
(Aver-r
3) SerttacerSehe~sand~pr:r~stofe~'~)
Veea ecii
Monoliell . let
2) Coavrshl
2S7?i(~
~
7
eaponn.
Mortar. (\lir~ser). See undler %~
mortaer Bomb. sev itliulet Solid-e
II.I ati ttie
n~rr IrA~t
:o
Sfit
Inmethanol
MroretirlSel.
o deonips~a th T-tof
MP.1 (Silji sedf
ctalyt)
(hlydrotgen pcettlicide) tit liquid racket propellants.
brtoken l'twcelain~ pieces, previously soaked in a 50"
orwr
..oln of /.-sroff (41v ) and dre atn0fr2
tookc..l fr i~i ,tttnutes an a 50% solo -of 2 prsCa perat 1100
redie
inIartganate :mn-iI part K chromate and then
for 24 hoiurs.
sAntw genterating ilteam from T-Staff, Copper coils T'.exe
tlitied stith NIP-Il1 itt order to accelerate initial decomPo sitiont.
llo.C r.1tiit tif catalyst to capper was about 2 to 1.Inasmuch
lt-fewcrtie: C1t)S Ilept 30-115 (1945), p 11.
mthy aloho,
p p0.76,
sedas
M.Soff(otniecil
.1 voinspitnent. of some liquid rocket fuels, such as C-%toff
ft.,It
_SStI
I,, p 10).
`Multipede". Sairie as, [lot hdruclr Pumpe IHipl-I P4re~sute
*
*
L~I
,r clailtedl to
electrical
charg,.
called
'vernier"
charge
which could
Muze'F
Re-
Munition.-See Aranninitioti.
MusardPotMine See undrlanmiie.
lev hzrdous
1o00g
rn la ebyn i2%mtratoe. l o e~
et
ehlatae
laehxres10
Note: Rdneir (Ref 1) calls Myrolf the mixture consisting of
73mehlntaend7%otcnilmtaolotiin
smyshnca thatnyol containtedno
n R 7. f3)oahne
irt
0
73% mehy
.cnitdo
110 weight percent methyl nitrate and 20 weight percent
methanol.
r sm rprie
fm y'olwn
nitrate-maethanoll
Floigaesm
rpriso
ehl
' 2400-4900
from
mixtures- velocities of detonation ranging
to 7500-1t200 m/sec, volume of games about 873 I/k8. heat
o1cspcs
talIin:(
I'I Ik
,' ,p)a'ila
a 1 (i'tl1
p r.ai
h ei I't
ist.
ot Na, ., " aaW.aua'aa ; i. . ' '
tha~aato ONI , .aaa to xi cii>' 'craaiarate
lit, a thaat ofa ail iphatic
aa arte,
s t caca
u.1 l'~lN.Lik M Nyrl atascS
Ia'clvaclac'es and pa 1st e'x ciat cioin. 'hat cicc-Y dih app.'r~': r.:.'ce
a.ap dI,
iv
floaaa wit Ia'Na.. (t IIIvi ola
aCoffee p'roved most Nucsi
!fil ia alec rualsi iol 'is a. excS atai 0.
h lktreata c': N'it uaa
alt', My ril Exsplo'si ves.:
mwrOl
Explosives .etlavlyl
aijarcate ' and its mixtures with
aaaeh~ani,
ttlin',.'atc~tClot.'d
lenztna',ii
C1fl6VC
'appli cationa curits,1 %%%
11 as' iaagretaeats of aica','raaus Iliquida
pl~astic atad saaild pircpli~aaacs anal elsi'
vs. saacaa.of
slsiue
f ~aaa sL assragtfa
exIplaccsaivtaes).
explosves).
In the acae. -"fI ilquid cl;iosivt's Or prope'llaints, Myra'!
(naaathyl nitrate phias aacetlaanol) w~as used citiaer lay itself
trifaI riatic'ares w itia othaer liquids, sucha as laenzen
etc. In soaae c.tses aniethcanvo was teplaced comapleteIly bay
balenzan' , MNli Ltc. In tlat case of pliastic cxpa-ot-'ivcs oar
propellants, Myrcal wasteodwtasoalaaonso N(.
to-ra oft jclly. . In ba Case Of 5 olid eXPlosies or
proellaat,
was reaed
Ny~al itl aalare anaont 25-0)
of NC to formait haard jell>' or was miaxead with tlac usual
solid ingredientcs of dynamaaites, cluela as. kieselgular,' adut
inogaic
igaia~ee.witha
itats,
D~ue to tiac tact thcat Mlyalt is a volatile liajuid, '11
mixtures Conri it Ila.] to lie kept in air-tight contain ers.
Several Nlyrol manufacturing plants were builtr in ~r
anay drig iac2ndlaf
o W Iian tic ota cpacty
was as haighlais 20,000 nmetric tons per aonoth. The largest
d~ee
tlcpant
Caritinscdc
wa
~alrikof ynait
I)
I.iajaa d Ni>'ral wits faauaad
tat he su i tie fot c lear in g out
eat:'aaay treischae,, oIat) l e, w o s
t. Ii
iea ia ~
op;er~atijon w as
o''slrscntaslmOrrlacetay
jf5
ctr
explalisive or toxic devices le-ft bV tile
ric~
.C1Y. 'Iacha
follow ing iaajwfl iou f'S
wacts
od using Myo
naitI,
tile Iaaril of ''capon, was daecpdby tiw. (,eraaaan s:
A laojid ; Isroa'ideal withi two fuzyes, fiilaed ii lta%>ro' an.d
coot g aa Xs.,aHc box wid:,iiaIud caarlion adloxide' was t~ical';e* I
from ca plane' on at'etIargo: I. 'l'he inilpIact of thle ImlitiaCau.SV
tilec first fuze to burst the laog witha C0 andi to break the
111)m.
'This caused thet v'aporization aindcisajtrjbuzion of the
klyroI clirouehotat fliat- french (or foxhaole) without igniting
Or explodin,4 it. 'aT'e sec'and fuze (timei fuze) caused the
ynl
detonation of tice explosie flttCClitaaof
and aatmosphleric oxygen. 1hitia sufficiently strong initiation
tiae following reactioan lass been postulated:
2C1l v.N
aH
...
=20
01S*)4
.1
2
2
2
2
2
IN1 37
Wiaen using~ dais amiai in cold weaather, tae vupor pressure
'i the ataxtu-ccan' lie1 inlcroased by incorp orating it .small
'
aaaua3a atalntie
l
E)Liquid NMyrol, or straiglat aretlayl (or ethayl) nitrate~was
used in the following device developd.1Iq Staudingmr
1
Two small g:iats aaaapoules(buibs.),one filled witha methyl
te
h
ess, volaieehlntaea~
nire(owt
metallic isodiun. were placed inside a fuze close
to an lIE. filler of a land aiaine, but Separatc.1 from it by a
fca
ub
a
fpatcmtra.O
o
tansae
a 'glass stopper. P-ressure on thae stolpper caused
lcd
crurhing' of the bulbs. Thin wan' follriowed b:' ;:n explosive
oia~A
irt
n
reci nlcwe
ehl(rehl
rsuit of this the rhee t of Plastic wats pierced anad tire
ore detailed
icforme),
ioaaonMroeEplsiesanttei
Morsesdetaioed inomto
i yo
xl
sadter
~explosive
of 881-Mty n itt/
imxuranusdta
yrsodium fuze
F) Liquid NMyrol explosives were' also used to increase
the penetrating effect of shapead chaarge-;, such as of 40/60-
* i*IIh2''
r.
I. *..Il
i.~ I.
.
I .l . t*w:ik~ .
I, w
.
.1
it
X.lt
t~t
.1
,.i*
..2 ,ii
i V ..II
,
. '
,kf-ru
V..r
1;.2 .1 lo
"
4112'
.2-
ii i.
il
l2 .
..
. ,.tr',.*l~l..~
Iml
l.uin
t~ilt
1,.
it)
ii
utt
MI,l
f\I
'l
, 1 .6% .6
tZ us
Rdferencie:
Ilu
,I
\tn.I\rol I
Slll
.. Iit
...
\firi
tiq
lq
Ititd
K.A%*,atlarid,:
IevJ01--netit
of
"It
the
(.uided
10 &
WlNw
,*
sih
italiltv
22tti~il
Sitrite,
vn
rin
241.8 miles .ini 111:25 altittli'l .04 00It ft. It took off
from:, ;I vertkivl rampi ar~d climbed~c at at velocity of 15,g1)0
.*
I\*21%
.t~i~,
I..
tiroO..
s
*j'nra2l.1
Io 1.2,,r
riptt tx
ne a~ct
taa
li. *~j
12.1.ffter
l . l . . I i i ' l Iin
k.,
i
.1
r~ .
2
r ,1
\IX.. I
ii:
for
11
wlsu eapor
az
mthanlor
sui
itI
it
1.oltl
anixture
.%prs-ftIle g l~ir tyol
ft. WiIcIR is a1
I s*. lltrll
extir
eted til
bondtat an-ii in mthanol,
watil
,IiXtkitv,
lis
ith
nzeriipa i of Itilt-sl nitrae Isen
ofrt s'.nv iliver
Olto
la'rtp:~m
Ibirs~
ul
Viiiscftheilt)1
Oftiethianol
togoitoIii.,
:iltl.ilIlethl ilitiateliAccrned
in. th
*
llt
ir~ IIwith
is
hen.
morxlaer whale
nY. Itr
Mp
n Ii
folirxlmv
of
cllgi'azetoi mixtures
consisbot25mtiangof
mttdcl f mrethelnitrtand
exesiv pislr of -O trnenemesthy
Ntl
Cai' niratoe, f) ofe inel polverized- voluntinln
erk
n14
t~mn
mehao
benen
nitrbenene Il ordetriueti.Lanh
21lt12111g11isuc
a'ro4
m~ixtoetlt
I
meuchlityro th'. 1211
ofh
mis
22ityir-iv,
a 48
t:noce 24s
ioed'sie
eeo
Jbl
twspoeldb
uraet-ar
l
73
aliuea1)f.I
anhdvrial
wtilho balenzneorNII
okt
in
-I
tsnc
V-f .m
wroaterdar
This. causedcet.healad
ievelopmen
intodetielquou
wil
of the
nielMisrtres ..f ethyl nitrate wi" th hinenze or
%
"Fiht uliainLndn(95)p
145
%Neel'ur
coonsititino
(Fogsiv
Acid)g is ai smitsre agxtnt
90sator~ige relivi
Ctiiitrat.
and 10yrsof
mituenzene' plus 5a5il
Noft 50/5 349h.orosurfa-onicr pcidulfurd trnsioxid~
iit~ h1rapilydtedC
rlltncl Iy c
finely
iof
rulefrcived auiminne
1efeenceat t.Richarmo ret a~ilCiOSIetwas
;'%nA l;olidf ulexpedrlitmie
yo
cositinofye ba/lancethyll
pyroe
6.
oieiehnt+hda.n
yrt
iiite'NIetiIt
was1 hithl
br(:i n danI
with
fi
wegt4awdustvrallnth2,
fwdt
atind tyiliatsd(1nitrat oten wvas
suithloefr* utean chandf
a
abltiuerr 50.00
See uneIoktwslaunchedvrs.
TriiiTe or
at185"
in in
r
T) Thi mixur
otole
yardoln
oh
ioncnucribedit
%Ngrendehluad
unde, (SutCici
Igie)i
as. 1Afl) s,1i1 warheasnt exposivet V-1stn
fMyo
and
aV-2
tRefrne
bok.Ga
byDyin-eveopf
d
(196)
en ph216.
;1ak:
.,
-. tav .ixtufs
A., itablrefor
tixtueo
Th~A~2er
oeporition xpofies
MyrlL
mitreps 85,16 (1945)
I'll
Ret 78,27 (507)/50od.
Ow) rapTscidyetermined fyeckng
New
t3,'5s
(1954)iv(Prlita]it consiamin ohf
Millshydrate (lIiniteratewas self-ropeled
*NOw as th
punderiPazed
lrnisatexposv
consistinganof
a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i
onamdfe
itr).
fKntaeslmnrii~
morusint
harndel
lg
Nel
ubiain
on
Nebedlse
or ne
Lno
rlcie
152
p145
roha
ile,
b eelht)
1 (1945),d
b
n
are
(,O,
aly n
despooe
Mssle
rjcie
(Fogetl
eA
rrowsoke-ctiee
Pr
agndalonsistneg
T hename goive
afterSulfur troexpoives usyedgt
blastce
R.inguprootng etums etc.CO
Thes exlsie
which consste
mn)6-(12n
ofv
nt85ih/y1
ro a8mATgn
on
Rfrna
Sealo
l.a1m
tile~ boo/k brchiess-ind
1zpwI
rengsopff
(19
ei
pre) e (291)6p71
(ll8p
49.and
Austrian n.m fo ;lii
N
nkrchen Testing Gallery (Schlagwetter-Vets
it- Netnkit..hen). See general section under chassrecke
Gallerip,
lestring and A.Stettbacher, Schiess- und rSpirngstoffe, p 248.
Neu.Nobelit C ew Nobwlte).,A class ofol permissible
i
eXplosives used before, and after WU 1. Table 271
gives some
'-xamples.
Cmoiin(~
TAL
'oi
ioi
tubes
Sticks
1n~ig.N~Z6l.%N
4.1
29.1
30.0
20.0
35.0
50.0
dimensions
DFiGDN
PET.N (unwaxed)
Stabilizer075.7
_i
(;rajhite
.0
0.1
gimtraofn
= lDiamet~r
rfo x~in27
liole
liole Depth
%eight of grain
Calorific value, cal/g
2a
80 mm
9.1 mm
mm
30 mm
4
1100
0.1
'(0 mm
9.1m
mi
-
Nitrocellulose,
Nit1`02ellulNSO
odor
Schieaabaumwoli.,
Tb
l~moiin(r)and som
Compositio
properties
Aluminum
*Liquid
Amnitrate
Nitogycein5.0
~Collodion c tton
DNT
Petroleum tar
meal
~~~Wood
Ntro~-
~up
NtrocE%
baronite A
5.0
82.0
5.0
1.5
1.5
2.0
69.0
22.0
07
3.0
2.0
1.2
51-
sulfuric and
composition of MA was 21.5 nitri.67.5-.5
9t0 tepeater.Te
tim ofntaio3a00miue
n
tetmeaue3
C) The contents of the nitrator were emptied into a
centrifuge. (one for every 4 nitrators) and spun for 6
minutte s at 900 rpm
d) Th~e separated spent aciJ (SA) went to rotating
filter drumwhere the small torn particles of NC
wer) seprae
d and thihe to thremoe
frmte centrifuges and
a reoe frortifer
hc
e)TeN
the filters was carried by a streatm of water into prewashers where the bulk of the acid was removed by
;itiring Witht Water
f) The slurry was then pumped to a preliminary boiling
vessel provided with a double bottom of which the
upper one was false, rollsisting of a screen through
which the wash watet was allowed to flow off at the
end of the boiling period. Boiling was carried out at
atmospheric pressure: 3 hours for lI'L-Wulle and 6-8
hours for Schiesawolle
g
fe eoigteai
aeteN
a are
g afestream
eoigteai
a
of water into theaeteN
pressure boiling are
plant,
where the material was cooked for 6 minutes in stainless steel autoclaves, sitarting at 100 0and finishing
at l142-1450
Norc: P'ressure cooking had a doublc purpose. it ieduced
the viscosity of NC, to the desired level and it speeded
the stabilization. Tie details of the pressure cooking
varied from plant to plant.
h) A sample of cooked NC was sent to the laboratory and
if the viscosity of the NC (as det'nd by the Ho~ppler
method in a 31. acetonic soln) was within the desired
range, the charge was dropped into a pulping machine
th
such as the Hlollander or Banning-ebd.er
NC was beaten for several hours, while the PH1of the
slurry was maintained bertween 7 and 9 by adding soda
periodically. It usually required 5 to 4 kg of soda
i0 The pulped NC plus water was pumped into vertical
h
d..Hr
oewtrws
rotating sieves whers
smaller particles of NC passed through a 0.4 mmcsueve
larger
(Se Ci iithpulped,
French Section
r1)
io final
Get 120
Nitroglycerin und Nltroglykol (Nitroglycerin and NitroglysFo, atLbreviutvd il this work to NG sad Nic). The
.manufactute and properties of these substances at" descrilw.| in the general section tnder Glycerin and Glycol,
respective!V.
Geanny tlhe nhiration of glycerin or of glycol
I in
(ethylcneglycol) was conducted either by a batch process
rr by U contilluuu. i-'tutsod, such as that of Slchmid, Meissner
o.r Bliazzi. The nitration was made either separately for
glycerin and glycol,' or more often as mixtures, such as
glycerin 60 and glycol i0'.
The batch method ,, nitration of glycerin, or of glycol
or of their mixtures at the Krnmmel Fabrik Dynamit A -G
may I,(. tjiven as an example:
1a) 100 kg of glycerin was run into 1470 kg of mixed
acid, consisting of IINO 50, 11 SO 52 and 11p.-2%,
conu
in0acant" in a stainless steel nitrator which was provided
with an air stirrer and. cooling coils
at
in the nitrator
maintain the
s) In order
about
room 'to
temperature,
the mixture
brine, cooled
to as low
as o12u was circulated therough coils
c) Afro, ats~u1 25 minutes of nitration, the air agitation
Pwas stooped and the mixture allowed to stand. In order
products,d
he nitration
to acceerate
t7o
an
0 the separation
separatioturofthe tahoride
ndnitrateonpr
70 g of an 0/20 mixture of Na flouride and of ignited
kiesel&guhr was added
. with 400
at
air-stirred
%us
d)
removal
of the water, the oil
water and oilafter
literslileof separated
0 a fbout
was air-stirred for 12 minutes at 40 with 500 1 o
2". soda ash soln
while still continuing
to 280,
mixture talc
t.)o After
was added and then the
pulverized
stir, cooling
50 jg of the
mass was allowed to stand
f) The separated oil was run through a pipe which
ended some distance short of the storage tank. From
that end of the pipe, the oil was transported to the
tank by means of hand trucks
w Shed eof
g) The spent acid. which in the case of NG weighed
Scomps:
Procedure:
5 parts, and glycerin (or glycol,
a) The mixed acid,
or glycerin plus glycol) I part, each metered by means
a rotameter, entered continuously and simultaneously,
~-I
%lll
.S
o 5lslsv:N.cily
i'
9.1 to 96
andl 4 it) 6'; of a SO'! aqueous solution of Ca nitrate
ce) %niug L~ist~ No 16 Ex.plosivje* NU+NC ielly 97 to 99,
and I to A'; of .subst ituted urethanes.q
Reflerences:
'No,,
rlcrnec
flioe(12)
p495
2) J.1 pio I dual leu r, 104oudres, etc,*Parts (I.A') ,J. p' 458.
Nitroglycerinsprengstoff
lv nami C.
(Nitroglycerin
l'xlplosi..e).
Ste
dynamite-typ
explosives it Was usdin mixtures with
NGe (niittoglyco:).
Keteence:
'a
.1) R.Escalis, Nitroglyzerin und Dynamnit, Veit, Leipzig
(1908)
,The
2) P.Naolm Nitroglycerin and Nitroglycerin Explosives,
Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore , 1928) pp 25-178 & 210-239
3) A.Stettbacher,Slihiess- und Sprengstoffe, Barth, Leipzig,
(1933), PP 146-172
'4 ) o.w.Stickland er al, General Summary of Explosive
Plan~ts, P B Kept 925 (1945), pp 67-8
5) R.Aslhcroft et All Investigation of German Commercial
F~x;,osives, B I 0'S , Final Kept 833, Item 3, If1M 5 0 ,
London (1946), pp A 1/4 and A 2/4
6, A.Stettbaicher,Spreng- und Schiesatoffe, Zurich 0(948),
pp 59-62.'
Nitroglyeeorin-141trocelhulose Explosives- Commercial ex,plosives suitaible for blasting rocks were prepared by
mixing double-base propellants (left as surplus after the
termination of %V 1) with, other, ingredients, such as inorganic nitrates and organic nitrocompounds.
*Following
are the .compositions of some of these explosives:
a) Mining List No 33 Explosive: NG 30 to 40, NC 60 to
oun
70 ,with added 0 to 5% ofntoeiaivso
ofntoeiaie
ftlee
*(and/or
naphthalene) and 0 to 10% of paraffin (and/or
urethane, sAnd/or centralite, and/or dicyandiamide)
Get 122
inc~arporation wits smooth and rapid. Ulhen intended for urse
in explosives.' two kinds (if N(,u crvstals were used* a) finest yrain crystals (dust) obtained biy tapidly evaporat.
iua hot aqueous solution of NGj under high, vacuum. These
*crystals were,found to be suitable for press-loading
10b crystals withhg
bulk density (above 1.0), obtained
* by crystallizing N(;u in the presence tit colloids. 'Such
crystals were found to be suitable for the cast-loading of
lNT-,N(u n, xtures
Q) As an example of the uses of %J(u as a high ex* p~losive MAY be cited the 1800 kg Ali bomib in which
solle N,(u win. placed in the nose ats a sort of protection
(biumrer) for the more sensitive main charge consisting
" of"11l1c, I(,,)"
Note: Acco.diir~gt to CIOS Rel't 2-8(9),
emn r
dJuction of N(;u towards the end of wt 11 was about 1500 tons
per month.
Itl
Vereli ces:
I)A.Stcttbacher, Nitrocellulose 7, 141-145091,)30 (Nitroguanidin)OxgnBanpr
..
~
AryOrdnaii..s 20, 71
,
*..
3 11"it elt 925 09195), pp 22 s. 116
* *i b.danrrI'l
Ret l 66 (115)Velocity
5) Allied and Einemy Iixplosives, Almiee
;~oin
round,
mld (1916), p 1.19
6) A.SteIttbachler, Spreng- und Schiesstoffe(19418), p 44..
rj
Nizol
.See
Tablea 29
Copsto
n oe
Nhlt
oeie19
mpropetonrtiendsom
oeie
Nbl
poete
NG (gelatinized with NC)
28&7
26.0
DNT
2.0
Dextrin
2.5
Wood meal
1.0
1.0
Potato flour
10.0
Vegetable oil
0.5
Am nitrate
39734.10
Am chloride
1 7.6
32.0
Saturated soln of Ca nitrate
-5.0
.
Nobels' Sprangloer
*Nitraparaffins.
Nitrous Oxide0,
* t~troacker(Nitosugr) .Seegeneal
mitroucks
sctio
(Ni(See
undr Suar.
-3750
NitrilttpeAnamaol
xplsiv ii wlmcliTN~s (rii.aso usped trexplaie iiNT.ic Themi n tureo
TNAns 60 and Am nitrate 40%~ was of light yellow color
* iha
bot70which permitted cast-loading. 'Its
strength, brisance and sestvt
omchanical action
~~~~~~mr
sestvtFom
were simlilar totoeo iO6
mt
It was hygroscopic
And in the presence of moisture the TNAns hydrolyzed to
*
picric Acid, which would attack metals with the formation
* of dangerous I'icrates, while the Am nitrate could hydrolyze
focm Ammonia.' Nitrolit was lised in some sea mines
*
aind torpedoes.'
Reference:
;Illied & IEncimv Expovs Abr
PnIrovine Ground.
* Md, (1946), PP 110-11.
H itrotoluol.
-17
of Detonation, rn/sec
Tauiesc2720
general section.
1.7aln-e%5.
Density
.NitroanilA)
*to'
*See
pnglSaesNi-ycr.
peg.Sm
sNtolcrn
wtednmtI.Oeo
h
le
emsil
Nobels' WtodnmtI*Oeo
h
le
emsil
dynamites: NG ?Q, Na nitrate 31, flo.ur 30, wood meal 6,
napthalene 2 and alum 1%. Veloc of detonation 38360 to
33 nsca
.6~Mrhl
(97,p421
Sm
fteGta
NnDsrc~eTs~go
aeil.Sm
fteGra
oda of testing are described in BIOS inal Rept 609
(1946). See also general section.
Normales Gasyolumen (Normal Gas Volume). Volume oo
gas at normal temperature (60 or 20 C) and normal pressure
(760 mm) or Gas volume at NTP. calculmtion of the volume
of gas develriped on explosion is described in the general
section.
See also A.Stettbacher, Spreng- und Schiesstoffe,'/.arich
(1948),PP 13-1
NSP. See under ignition.
N
oMPSeudrIgio.
Miin n g
'r
/Ji*finRe
ire ,c
:
Lead Di
B a n
Deii
-r;ker
for
Wsher
Bross
CUP
3p~r
9
('lipil
Lead
BoseReference:
rQ
means Antitank
D~efence 0annon.
Cannon,
or
more
literally
Anti-Armo!-
D s
f a
ro-
Pnoolt
aieuauatr'
oeta
0er
yer
oethn5
ynmtmaucurd
PnolitA
tit Opladen, near Ko"ln: NG mixed with napthalene 70,
Basl.t
ndcak1.'Daniel, lDickisgui20lt
toarPrs(
lftc7an
9~
)i)
cak3.
Table 30)
(Offensivit'a't)
Sample ISample
Charges
___________
* Usual fixed62
Increased 25%
Increased, 50
*the
G'ss
pressure
(atm)
1000
1160
Pjressure
increase
Atm
380,
160
_______________
1.
61
16
Gas
Pressure
(atm)
540
840
1040o40
Sample 2
Pressure
increase
At
.
(atm)
Pressure
icr
sac
Atm I%
400-
60
Gas
Pressure
4
3
890
490
1300
410
122
416w
Note- Of the three samples the last has the highest Offensivit'nt because the percentage increase ian pressure is
greateist.
PANZER (Armnor or Ariiacd Vehicle) (in ctollabuoration with
fMsuAede
I
.~.ep
n
.*art
ca
provin G~l.around
and M
.. epfo
suiAede
h
Pirman
znlde thrm
te
troindeGroud
iclddhe
U
term Paa's er, teUrin
loipndrthed
(sr 12 1
til Itii 1111t S111l"
i~r
"
Fukekoizr
ttlcieore
Funlonkonzr
Itdit &iitli
111; ir~iort
~
v) Funkpanxer,.Araino.,I vehicle. for troofi r~adio communicnkit
"till)
iiMarienfelde;
b) Self-propelled
mount nicknamed
Wespe
(Wa sp)
an*dsgte
105 m lIauSfI(dfz
2)
carried one 105 mm light howitzer known as 10.5 cma
l) Sllf18protalle m. ountdsignaxtped 25cmphG 3
u
c)Sef-p1cropeledon15 mount, mdesmignfanted 1uncmosiG.z3r)au
Slcridoe10m
eimifnr
u hwte)
pttern 33, total wt 12 tons, miax speed 25 mph
U) Flame thrower tank designated as PaKpfw 11 (P1W)
or Paniterkampfwagen 11 (F I ammenwerfer), carried two
throwers and one MG 34, wit 12.6 tons and max
speed 34 mph
e) Reconnaissance tank, nicknamed Lucks (Lynx)
and. designated as AufkI Pzit1,
IPzSpWgII (SdKfz 123)
iaredoe20m
un (2 cm wK38) and tine MG.
Wit I13tons and max speed 40 mph.
PKpfw III
Although the design of PzKipfw Ill started sev'eral
years before WW 11, the tank did not reach the front until
1941, later than the PzKpfw IV. The tank IIl was known in
several modifications and some of them were eupe
with torsion bar suspension designed by I)r eUorrpce.
Ignrcl'p
In 4rca
1-zpw III was considered
one of the most
of ginal and succesasfiti Grerman tanks. About 6700 of them
were produced between 1941 and 1943, most of them at the
D~aimler-Bienz factory.
Following are the principal tank Ill versions as well
as a flame thrower and self-propelled mounts utilizing
PzKpfw Ill chassis:
a) I'zKpfw Ill (Models A,lI,C,l) & 11) (SdKfz 141)
wr
ak
egigIlt
0tn
armed with one
50 mm short barrel gun (0 cm KwK) and two MGs 34.
Max speed 28 mph
b) PzKpw Ill (Models F, Ui & 11) were tankr wei *IIn
about 25 tons and armed with one 50 mm short basrrel
gun (5 cm KwK) and two MGs 3.1. Mtax sPee-f 28 mph.
Note: The above gun fired a 4-,j lb shell at a muz vel of
2250 f/s.
c) PzKpfw Ill
Models J, J(Tp) & K
wr 50nmm
ak
weighing about `24.5 tons and armed wit onwee
long barrel Sun (5 cm KwK 39) and two MGs 34. Max
-tpeed 28 mph.
Note: As the short gun of previous models proved to be
inefficient against American medium tanks M3 (General
Grant), it was replaced by a lung 'Un (60 calibers long)
whch
adaiulihe
u
y
MdlImrkdT
(Tropeni) was insulated again at African desert hest.
d )zKpfw
III (Models L, M, N & 0) were tanks weighing about 24 tons and armed with two %UGs 14 and
one 75 mm gun !71 em KwK) or one I", min long barrel
sun (3.7 cm KwK 39). Max speed 28 mph
e) Commanders tank, PzBeflg Ill xSdKfz 143) weighed
24.5 tons and carried a dummy 17 mm or 5n mmgun
and two MGIs which might also have- been dummies.
Max speed 25 mph.
(;(r 12',
st~e~
II
i.v
.- ; ni
.!'!~ 111riti
fl1.I5
IIIe
Ai raI.ll
ir
ti
'
M I- I Kuge*,.
i t ushand 'de
I- I) anti eirt r ft1titu k e,i
.. i mWdt
1sig
u etw.l t t
n
F IIc
Iokpaze
t r eon
t)
IIIItwn
A~A gun calle-d
t~ttt
!lk lot.S
I~ l~ L *:~ilih1,
' I~rIo( e~e n o ui s. I c i : d
u s S u u q s h(ze
II ( ) Sttt, Iii Zrt~~
e 0
V ~ t
dKI e1I12
ciirTi cd title -, mllo shtort as,..lu I t
gun~
~~ ~i i ~ osadta
~ ~ ~ pe~
2) 1;d11
I *2 /I
c ri j
o
~~
~IKWK I18.
gull
S CIII K. SK 1 I or
w 7.5
*cil
A)tdf
I1i2,21 carrd
ied
one~..
2% i ala asal
howitze
~)arred
1K '. 1,'
IIC I0%
ssalttank
MO cill S~ttl 4ii2 I. '8).
k t 27 tons1 and mxsed
1
'.'muzzle
"In'sll"uf
SI IV flSdU fz
I4661,
crane
Iond
* Its Isroputti.ra.s
It alcd3
s
S *Il
I;~tr1
d''~"
ind111A
\I:'aa '~
-'
it(2aal
''
*isr
,n
ne
dt,
ndb
e cdC
n
dpa'i
b1Ytile HIigh Coni'mmtn d for set i ,7 wvas clofled Il'-.Kpfw VI
(II) Or SdKfz 13I
Tl**hedeSignationo wi'ts chage
in
I 9-1 to P xp fw VI CE)iar Ti ger E and abu
lox
00
f
thesea. tanlks were prodoced tlhat ye;Ir. I'lle' wo, caf the
a.'
tank Was a bout ('0 tons,
earried one :48 w~il point
;I, ,anio two Mtx
a)
Is Mii
*~-a
I-) Maus
I10-o
iarmala
n~.'.'
...
Im-- a'
I a l'gas
CRef 1, 1,(
Hc ec
I 3Au ''i, I. i c-Id Aatiler JouraaaI -,3a,
1(41
a.1Ii.hI iftttt. Ilaid, 35.,. Jil (I1915)
~('I'
pecrt*.,i
was replaacedi in 1942 by a more fit-werful
At the samie tunev the speed of the tatnk was incre~ai'ced by
install1ing a more powerful engine. The resulting en'amhlv
w'as a, tank destroyer designated as Jugdipurizar 38(t) nicknamed Hefter (Blaiter). It weighed 17.5 tons and had a
*max Speed of 23.5 mph. It also carried one MG 34.
Note- a"Iletzer" resembled in appearance PxJaq 13(Schwelm)
except that the gur. on this Swiss tank had a muzzle brake.
Another version of T'-38, designated JogdPz 38 Flain,
carried a flame thrrowe'r in'lieu of a gun. Other T.38versions
sered
slf-roplle
s
monts th
fistSP mount,
I..1.38,
150m
*.Landswerke
meiumheavy
infantry
gun (howitzer)
33/1, the
4fi Or
F. v
111.
)-,lelaln,
der Panzer
Panzerfaust (Armored
Fist). A hollow charge antitank
rocket grenade fired ftont a tubular discharger. Its smaller
nodel Panzferfaust 30 klein, was formerly called Faustpafrane I and its larger model Panixerfaust 30 was ca~led
Foustpatronre 2. Tile latest models were Paniterfaust 60
and Patizerfaust 100 (See also 4.1.5 mint Recoilless Grenade
lisc'I forger, under Ueapons and also Faustpatrone).
zle
n e f u t6
pa~nxergra'iate
Pzgt (Armor-piercing
Projectile; Antitank
Sel.
s 'tpsosuh
rjciesaeltdunr
Granate and 4- -scribed in TMI 9-1985-3 (1953).
the conventional type
of AP' projectiles,
andi projectiles with1 hollow (shaped) charges, the Germans
uosed some Sabot projectiles such as T'ype G Sabot Projectile
(p 367) and the 75/88 mmnBrand Sabot Projectile, developed
by thle French establishment of Edgar Brand. More effective
were the Arrowhead Type Projectiles with a Tungsten
Bore f.,un Pzl1 41 (p .472), 3.7 cmnPzgrPatr 40 used it.
0' 3.7 cat Ilak(p 373.), 4.2-2.8 cmnl'zgrl'atr used in *r.ipercj,1
If are Gun Ll~ak 41h(p )75), '1.7 con PxgrPatr 4U used in
Czech guns 4.7 cmi Pak(t) and 4117cmn K 36(tXp 375),
I cm I'zgrPatr 4o used in Tank guns 5 cmnKwK & 5 coi
KwK 39 and in A/T Gun 5 cmn Pak 38(p 376), 7.5 coni
PzgrPatr 41 used in A/'1 Guan, 7.5 can Pak )41(p 378).
Get 127
niuse
t4gnk
ige d fA
l'roje.ijie
fotrinus*Iinha'd
e itt IIIt , to iad opt-fetv
wish V
tiAll
(
V
T
r
g
u
s At fi s
P ar am
m on. M iwt ior,. c f A in pe1rc
the
ai ,t~t~
i te~n,
d
lhlar u te 90 and par.t1 1I 10 1.
K earrowhead type pro.
jecit Igr .10 hlUt found o it aop
' '
I or nIi itry pLIrlo..e
unsuitable. In it% place
.ttbi,,r
they
ScIlh'smsolc,
oe.
If'
c,
n
I'IHp9
deelpea projet; Ctof Is~irmal s4h11ll
design, but employed
Zrc
)9
n
i' laslneio
til SL'd
Ie~
'ttWide tstihell
btil
Paihlnde
kIV folrlow ing ely lig t. T : is) itgivene~
Bombilg. A night
il,1id .stiribedp
tactic developed
of u~In gl;urg
dui
-o
I thI
11W
I in Great Britain and bombing
)r
olnanc
Seg.,tNy1911
used against the Germans.
32
ilsisteal
of
h,
T
thfll~aig
tactlc
conisdbmsonatre
ionto
a
almtcca
fu
alumi.,um
viously
Coils
stil
iluinated by flropnitbmb
of nt
., the
tll l, 6) 'it ar nlor-pierc~ing core,
na age
planes.
te
y fa e
opped
cossti~o tnsten carbide. platedl
ro the le aI eg
with
nik
l,
e
d 'fiss
iltol )
plhes.frh
sh -t eelc re liolder, d a S ev
r ol d
This m ethod p erm itted m ot*e accurste b m
i go h a gt
P~sqmIk surrounding tile 'orV and it% holder anti
fillinj h
Reference: A.lLSchillingof
Spteb tatngm.
I
siyai
iatnyAea;pive
bs
com(nnt
foin
Cmnmunication (1955).
il i lg'e.d,
it0h diet ballistic cap. The plastic
had afairly Iligh1 shock
(SelliI'rt~hnic
Antipathifi,,dtr Devices).
resi %tancv.
St;l
no re vffvctive
were Arrow or Needle Type
P'ro0
Patrons. Set- (:tif,rtIdj.,
jecti k's de signed by .6Vssnm'r.
lIme .1 oiettie
I .Constructed
at $UaarhrU ck
l(&hii~1q. Pllant
were very effectiv.e ait
for the
penetrating
cloncrete.
PC 1400 FX was a radio controlled
* (Se
nderArrw
aso
JrmiecziesArrwbeid lrojctica,
from aircraft anid designed fo. attack glider bomb, released
~.,amat,
'oeLls),esne
against capital ships
Projectiles,ait Wielding Projectiles
and
o aalrojcs
IM91815)
p156J
Ponzerhondmine. Sec.'midmer Hafthohlladung.
Peenem~nde. A rocket rv-tvarch
center, Including an air
tunnel, constructed
in
1936-1937
in an isolated spot on
.Parierschnehlmine: Seethe ternian Baltic
under hLandminen and also
the lirst rocket developed at
p 262
l'eenemUnde was the coast.
A-3, the predecessor of theA-4
of
(1 T M 9-I
~co85-?
Rocnmket,
mmon ly known V -2.
Ponxerschreck,
Panlrirfou~st,
A
-fairly
description of Peenem't'nde
und
Puppchen were' the s'hape d charge Panzerwurfkanone
C:enter and its detailed
Rocket
activities is given in Ref
wcapons. developed before'
4.
peei'~
snwi
In duin
, ', II
heEsenZn
i ;'rmiiy
fGray
u l~neschmreck
nlm
References:
wa,; the shaped charge&
rocket,
I
)
A.l)ucrocq
,Les
simi!..g-.
Armes Secr~etes Allemandes,
tofi
arica h11 ok,
but wams
Paris
heavier and had
he
I ltte.
bythe
*l'anierfaust. which Was
(1917), pp 10.3-110
at better weapon with a range
of
2197 P.E.imn
15() meters4. Anothecr Lweapon,
33
ma
Reeac
called thle Il'ippclien, was
n130,Wie,
es:. kIntially thle 8.8
(14Ap)3
LI, el'fanzerschr .eck mounted
3
on a light
J
.G.T'schinkel,
. ;lgae.Chem hag News 32, 2582 (1954
The Panszerwurfkanontc was
a long-range
4) 4.l)ornberger, V-2, Viking,
weapon for shooting at shaped
N Y (1954).
charge,
developed by the
Rhiilitl (o. It walISaLsotsbr
.c
otr
Pento . Same as Pentrit (PlETN).
(See also under 80 mm 'and 88
mmuWeapons).
- leferenj,- 'sPenastith . See Swiss section.
I1) I.. E.Sim'on,
( er man Res earch
19.1-J),
pp 187-s
nVA'1,wieN
y
Plintol odor Peatritol corresponds
2) A.Stett baclherSpreng; und Schiesstoffe,
to the American Pentolire,
Rascher, ZUrich,
described in the g~eneral section.
(19.8),11 1 -1.(See
* -I'nzerwerfor
also Fillers Nos 16, 17, 28, 42 and under
42. see undcr Rock'et Launchers.
Pentrit).
Petii
See under Swiss Explosives.
P anzerwurfk anon.
,VVeund et' Paa. ers chreek.
Pis ierwurfmine 1(L). A
shaped chargc hand grenade,
Pontrit odor
Peteyhiottairt Nitropetnto (NP). See LeeRl*ction under
int'oduced I ly the l.uftv6affe for
(PETN). It was manufactured
use in close combat against
armored vehicles
of all types. D~iameter
in
of body I11", overall
length 21"1, weight 2.1 lb. It was
Germany by batch, continuous
provided with fourcoliapsible
or semni-continuous methods.
cloth vanes which were folded
A) The batch method was
essentially the same as that
against the handle. When
used in the U S A
:the- grenade was thrown, the
vanes
sprang,
open and stabil, zed
Refroencte:infih.abrik,
11) The continuous method,
as conductceJ at Troisdorf
)A G consisted essentially
:1) A.J.Dere, Ordnance Sergeant Oct
of the following
* 2) Anon, Intelligence Bulletin
1945, p 8
operadons:
5,No 70(345).
a) Nitric acid of the highest
concentration and PE in
the ratio of 5 to ? were introduced
sitaultaneouslY into
a
nitrator of 54 liter capacity.
means
of
The
a
"dosing'
60
PE at
wastheadded
feeding
rate by
0g every' -17 seconds. machine
of
The temperature was mairitained
at 15-20 by mcans of cooling
coils
b) The solution-suspension of
_______________________
IJETN in nitric acid wait
IIled to an after nitrator, where
the
an lso on p 261 of
0-5 ati
in diltlu
od ash soln to 80H i a d
fromwh da toa
~liNwas
2n sthilserat
1) A ft e!"svepara tin, g th ru
eltIiquor by v aIcuum,filtration,
tile
waIIN~
s %vashed with water andi
aspirated to a
mo~tar
o 'I %(20
cnen
Get 129
Ta~lal
4
Icommercial cxplosivcb, ruch as Perclhloratit, Perchlorit, Pcrkoronit and Persalit. UXhen :he supply of ,.uiplu%
perm'hlorates became exhausted the manufacture of perchmloate explosives was nearly discontinued because time price
of new perchlorates was too high.
13l
lngedintsC~smpoaition,
%
IngrdiensK jperchlorate, of which up to
0O-75
10%" of the tistal. explosive may be
r~mitrae
'ced an/arused
ith
m
K nitr atecopstooftoprhrie
K aIn/orlo Am perchlorate
Am nkrate i
Note: When Am perchlorate is incorporated some of the Am nitrate
62-75
30-40
35-45
Table 33
Ingredients and properties
Cornposition, %
ky ceu
rinl
u
ng el a ini Ze d )
1________________
1-5
1 -B
3 -6
K perchlorate35
Am nitrate
DNT*
N4
3-8
20o
20-30 20-01-0
OxgnBlne
4
48
1
a0 p o wd2
NG
42
10
Oxy ensalnc,
cc
ODTraT est ccepby
-DNwapedbytenrtino
4I
17
31.7
i n of m
M T4
-MT
+.
34.0
340ira
--
Compositonh7.
-________7_
K pechirat
148
Am nitrate *
TNT and ONT
DNT
Woold (or vegetable) meal
NG (ttrglyeri)
MNN (onitoglceitrn)ptaee
*Paircoronif (Percoronite). A blasting explosive which replacedi C~oronit in stone qua.rties and ore mines.: K perPrchlratiem:chlorate 65, NG S, aromatic nitrocompounds 25 and veJge- st-t
table meal 5%.
1
2 1
Reference: J.Bebie, Manual of Explosives, Macmillan,
68
10I
-
16
1
4
1
35
42
14
-
5
4
4
4
-,
12
6
-
n."Clel~es:
* I)P.Nomim
NiroglcernCt, Bltimre 1928, p431it
2) A.Stettbachet,Schiess- und Sprengatoffe, Leipzig (19313),
p 316.
Explocive for
(perchinrate
Perchlorotmiriensprengstof'
Trenich mines). According toP.NaoumSchiess- und Sprengstoffe (1927), p 133, the following castable mixture, de" W I ait Zentralstelle rfar wjassenaChaftijchvelp durin
techniache Untertsuch ungen in Neubabelsberg, w*fudt
be suitable for use In Wurfminen (trench mortars): K, Per1%.
-manufactured
chlorte
2 andDNN
56 DNB
Note: 'This explosive was called Perdit by Davis (1943),
p J64, but on p 118 Nao~zm gives.'a different formulation for
lietdi~t.
N Y (1943), P 116.
Perdit (Perdite). An explosive developed during WIWI its
a replacement for the Corps of Engineers Lxplosive,
(Pioneermunition) Donarit. The composition and propertie-s
of Perdit we~re: Am nitrate 72, K perchlorate 10, wood
meal 3 'and a eutectic mixture of DANT and TNT 1V%.; densi Y
nsiityo
1.20-1.25, Trauzl test value 370-380cc,
nit~aton - required atleast aNo 3' cap for detonation.
was used ntot only as a demolition chargc but ala'
n rnhmra hls
ob
o.odn
References.
1) P.Naodm, Schiess- und sprengatoffe, Dresden(1927), p 18
2) A.Stettbacher, Schiesa- und Sprengstoffe,Leip;:g(13)
p 309.
(See Note under Perchltoratminensprengstof fe 1.
(jer 130
P ETN.See Pentrit.
TubI~ 3f
(Pcrcoron ites)
Components and Properties
K petchlocttite
158
Am nitrate
DNT + TNT + vegetable meal
NG. (nirtoglycetin)'
_____
12
59
t0
At
8
30
4-
Oxygn Blanc,
~t2.2
*Density
Velocity of Detonation, rn/see
TrauzI Test, cc
Pb Block rrushing,' mm
* Requires for initiation minimum
Gap Test,' cmi
Hleat of Explosion, kcal/kg
Tewprtr of Ex sonC
151.2
5000
340
20.0
No 3 cap
6.o
1170
315
peratre o Exposion3145
Pfellgeschoss .
References:
I) P.Naou'm, Nitroglycerin, etc, iialtimore (192H), p 41~0
2) T.L..lavisq. Chemistry of Powder and ExPlotives, Wiley,
N Y (1941), pp 364-5.
Table 36
Inrdiets
__
__1_
NG
Tebl* 35
___________
K perchilorate:
Am nitrate
NG
~~~Collodion cotton
*TNT
*Starch
Tomn meal
Moisture
VeocofDtonatior, rn /sec
Density
j4
32.5
42:5
31-34
39-43
Na nitrate
Ryawflust
Ry1lu
3-'as
1
j
2"-
25
25
34
40
30130
5
[30
-I-
35
Composition 5%
3J 4
32
30
I32
338
40
4
eeecs
1)' Danuiel, lDictionnaire, des Mari~res Explosives, Paris,
(1902), p 449
2) L..Gody, Traitcs des Nlatiires Explosives, Namur(1907), p
-5
11,0
12.0
3.0
Gapuz Test, cm
Impa Tensitivt (2gwigtm
eigt)20_cm_
(kg
mp' ctSesitvit
I nitrate
K_____
(Permonites)
11-13
5-~9
1.5-3.5
-0-2.5
3780
1.13
365
8.0
* Penonteswer
usd i potsh nd n oe mnes
ie.
n
noe
npts
eeue
eroie
Some permotnites were 'on the British Permitted List and
elianSG
on Lit.Phosphorus
he
xposvsLodo,~'197
Mrsal
efrec:
1(197).
Fefeenc: .xplsi~esLononv
AMaihal,
*p384 and 'v 2 (1917), p 493.1fo
lf
V.
of
burn
Tod
Fin
anits%
N
stin
Referente:
Flop&
.S
*Ion1
S &S
.7
51,4to
Jab Wdlerflash
Block OPow1'/'/rifle
-d~r
r'
Fuzehigh),
I et
BL
sopeak
.11
,yn
8/, C,
uz
P10
frdif
o
*.eliminates
num
boc etA e
Fa n
AK1,
Its
K3
~Ca(NO
Lv9
(.er 132
*.2
g) Lao
ilial
,X1
.9
9,
Pistol (Piar-ole).
lontan wx2(ef).tion
C.oniposition- containing A)n were particularly suitable
for underwater weapons because they possessed high
blaist effect."PII-Salz could also be used straight or slightly
phlegmatized . n the latter case, it was paiticularly
.,ut~Lle
i aticncrte
~ uc helscaled
le-rante
'forusein ntiuncfte
hels, alle BeGraate
(116 is thec abbreviation for lleton -concrete).
1) P11 Rtept No 925 (1945), p 24
2) 1B194),
tf.pt o29consisted
120
2)l'
Rap No1620(195),
29plastic
1)) PiHL kept No 85 160 (1946), p 23.
P.a
Ii6
STEEL
%'ASWI
3)I
E
EJSU,
.-
'ASAFET
Ct&S;,NG
WASHER---
fiALSFELT
I~.iF~IPATPEF1
It
-.% jr
~OPELLA)JT
VENTJMOLES~
Et
SYPBE.
FLAIWNFF
PLAETIC
PELLET
CAP
ELASH
MJ
-~
SAFVSAFET
DELAY
PEPLETTI
_FLASM
catkr
5Uf~E1wCr
OU~~~"OTENIJ
amme~ a2
f!ML-2
CflEIEP s
.&
-m-T
P~CAP
PRE-RIFLED BODY
*Ch
biIs
to
str ,i r.. I,mr
t
fly
outward *This
1)atrtlIy
i r ee.d
the
1;,
h'i.!.. Ib
rhc
, t.
I-, spintg uth
striker hecad hit it solid o bject (Ipp 143-4)i
0) 23
inn
I
Ci~'Sga1
to Grnai
" I'll101U
'W
"(laierurk
ror 1.lw
Sgirl euhPistole)renade
fired
iron thP 27 miii wurfkter 4i2,.
frL
hpistolfted wihas23red
riflted
ljin v, a speci~al sight and 11 foldintg butt. The
vairlicad
- w
oftin
s pgrar
inan
s.ha ed nd
n~,aoe th s h ped
c hi rge and an imlp
act cap. To the rear o-If
the w arhiead was
h emldt~n, tgiihe containing, 'thn
graze fnt.e -dvtonart' and
*the
Athe
~k
~,
a~~~~~~
hole
t theinnr
adacet srfaes o th si strs,
The inner brass tu be also had a set of flash holes which
red
i green, P) 2 red & 2 6reen and 0)2 redl & I green.
"
The inner bras- tubc was filled with black powder and
w IasclIoscd a the lower end by a:screwed plug which contiea(eayple.Colvef
In fring, the inner 'cy'lillderf
V-as ejected (by propellent
guses) front
the oeter light alloy c~ase, an d after the delayalongpleIte
o the
h flash
ne
rs
had whl
ue
burned tlnro-gli
giig
passed
immediately
and ejecting, the stat
in accordance with the setting.
-The stars wh~ich were nic Ltinited fell t o earth intact (pp 3467').
dlI
PE"I'N~ eels
Ameicn
asein
unviIal.Tetatrmxue
~nGrayd
~
(eeNot)
plst dd
wic no cntina
~be"
its~lng
:beaus
'*
for
adca
andX
o
reate
tD
WV
it.On
Unilthis vaseline becpme
called Plasrit and llexnwere sed.3)
olnsidwered mostesd tbl
bestretched like dough to
suc astheRusian is
threads. Euo
v s
eanvaer
lipl stich
ivheRs siasdn,ise
:nottacy
ad i,-snotproucegood exas
plastic
explosives,
generaly
77.
e Press-stoffe). Mantifactur
n
desried
n hefollowin
Refernces:with
I
)W,'rannich,
Kunststoffe
i
n
tech
nisehlen
Korros
ions
schultz,
Lehmann, Milnechen-B1erlin (1943)
2)II.S.JBergen, 1113 Report 7032 (1943)
'I nn PB Report 91836 (1945j
4, 9 6 1 9, 1 4
5)Msclln
IO
eusReors:1,,
Rprs296,3-6ad3
85,
87 and 98 (tfter
3-23 (After
WW 11)
otc
glwing
nUra
rnac.DrnDV1
hr
a
use. of plastics in plants, whichi man uf%:tured
acids, explosives and ammunition. For
instance,
linings4
for tanks and pumps, funnels, pipes,
plastic trays for
drying explosives, sealing plugs in delay detonators
etc,
w e re fa Lric a ted fro m p la stic m a teria l. On e o f th e pla s tic
s
vljdi
emaywsMplm
thr
eeNvlc
eeoe
nGrayws.Joa.Ohr
eeNvlc
pp 7 and 25.
A plastic
Aberdeen
Proving Ground
(1946),
p 127
50
cotton complctely at 5
Kast-ItletzCensh Unescug
163
eice
nescuglrushwi
runcwiC14
14)
with
toMrelow:f2)Patoeit
oMrhl
Re
'atmnt
an
7
a
3
N z
O T a ad mitr
oetin)
Ploetrit. According to CleHigh Explosives
rtl
wereP plastic
explosives patented
906(Ger
181 574).
were prepd
by ni:xing 85 to 87 parts of
TNT withThey
liquid
solid
eis
as copaiba balsam, benzoin gum or orstyrax,
or such
without
liquid
DNT.
The
plasticity
could
be increased by incorporating some co~lld cotton. Table
37
gieeoe
(Sveenoet pxampl
xmls
118,p29by CE.Pchelinla
Plattenboascuss
etmto
(Plate
ofhebiac
Shooting). A
plate
ofexplosives
ts
similar to the
Tal'ftj 37
POlYvinylccirlozol
~factory
% onpoitonpint
TNT'
I ) .1
14.01
I~r'Iuuprnine*
10 11
t it~y Osl
I(efternice: CIO
-l
0
45
Iloazoin gum
Liquid DNT
cotton
k.Collod
iiiif'T"
1.0
It
V3)
1) W.Refrenics,
KnrtofinTtchnischen lKofrroS10nusch6,tz,
IfehmKann, inch,Knst'erlcin(93,p2
2) l.Schring
&
.ebowsi,
untoff-lTaschenbttci,
2)C.lnSer Michelng
+192) ppze
2.10skij25
if.A.Tisch,' Pica~tinny Arsenal; private communication
Poluler
se OLSimilar
rcla
r e p ar ith
f b m of v ilri u ..
pi t ui c t ( I e , 1) at d ti t r,o nt
il t p y r or
leclil ol' Io wi'iujprlifm 004'
II- Itllt?,PWlI jon
poll y I I Itf
l
i lde' jr1,11"finI le( lc itirollsed
ini Ref L
a)Vinidur 0q v
1') fifipofam ((I v
0) After-chlorinated
PVC. It contained till to 60O"; of
CI drnd was ve ry stabl e. It dissolved in methylene
chlo~ride in which the original PVC was niot solbl e.
10.0 10.0
1.0 10.5 10.5
I
P itzotrnepuver(ban
c~rtidt' 'rtlli~,,).Tlic'
followin g Conlwi)siionn is givenl in Ilrunn.wig, I).s rauch Ionic
I'uler
p 131,:c~lld
(926)
C~t~n
3,
~
74
Plustic,
file in iLcc~in
molding: bec iiiist
oIi,)i~1
(over 200 '). Considrabrnle l'rcbrsure wal;
ieferences:
2NXrCN + II2NNlI
II.s)4
2N"
2'
-II~i'NNQQCI
l~i
3 2 '('C)CICI) 2
PrsGn ofEpoPe.(erl
rcdr
scribed under Krammel Fabrik, Dynamit A -,Pesnrieflyine
of Explosives,erc.
Prassling.C.Monard et al, Win poud 34, 179 (1952) startI
that Pressliang was a German explosive of WV 11cohi,aininjn
some tetrrnitrosulloxydiphenylamine,
(0 N) CI
~IIC If 2(NO02)22
)2C6 2'-SO" 6
a yellow solid with mnp 368 . The terra compd was prepd
by nir~ation- and oxidation oi tlmiodiphenylamin (phenthiazine)
N
614
with concdl nitric
oad
PrimryCopostion.
nd nititin
'1w
illwingGeran
W11.
1"TI'mryandIn~iaingComostioi. I'l(-fi~loingGeran
terms vr'. uisd in Cormpection with this subiject: Z~idladunq
(P'rinwr (hlkrgt'), Z't'ndhutchen (l'0wier (:ilp), lnitialsatz
(Initiait ing Composi tion ), Initlialit'under (Initiator). A generalI
Table 38
Composition______
Ca silicide
cC37.5
Abrasive
430
lass 10
~28
88.7
S
-
11.30)
4.2
-
45
5544
6(l)
7.4
5.1
-
--
Same as above
12.4
15.4
856
Uses
Primers in shells and
94
4.
lla(NO 3) 38t.5
lla(N03 )~ 35*5
Ba(N,)2 479
Primers
Primers
primers
-Gls11
Ptrimer-4etonators
Standard detonutors.
S
Smas
above
Detonators
*16 compos Iitions (ii) anti (cr) ill.- INC %ats made into a paste
ignition bridge of a primer.,
T14b le'
Oxidizer
KIO3
2.
-I
g-
NC
235
aI3.
b
Tetrii-
S. S
2 3 .j
)9ist.
s so me' cartridge case prim .er compositions
Table 40
1Composition
laedrn
'
-Uses
Table 39
__________
Composition %
__
__
Uses
KICIO S/Sb 2S
KCO
bS
20 mmnHE Shell
3and
~51,
usd i
sdi
fues
ue
Abbreviations: AP Armor-piering;
9APC Armo.r-piercing,
* Ccppe;
Chmicl mrta; H Hih xplotsive; HOC
Holwca arpe;,
Chmclmortar;
How
HEVig
lpet-elty;
I n
cendiary; IC Inert charge; L A Lead azide; LC LoagSohrrae
0'r 1 17
IA
kI
rype
of
S.s -itLJIi
,th
ty~~
O
:i~sdel
ldininOg lead p i ra! e,
1<..' st~les,
.e~i
.:;.;,l
ayi ditmigttirs witii fusilcIads c-onanion , cothe, in jed i n ts .
F~i
:use
A.Stettbitcler,
Initii
Epl~posivstoffe,
~loc
Veit,
Afiwinvm
191~
1) A.Stvtrbacher.S cIiiss
in'd ;preingstoffe,
1-(913) pp324 1559cPwe
i ) Anon, Allied tod Eneiity Explo ieAede
B~arthi, Leipizig.
5) 9(.R.Tomljnson-
7)Anon,
No 101,
-:
1555 (;9415)
-cina
Ikl*ecric IPrimecrs
of WW If
0)
i..crcbaiie~oren-
__
Primry
ompsitl,~sdesribel
~inTkI9-195-1(191),pit
TM9-195-3(193),a
Primry es-ibe
ompsitons
355-7(were used in the following primers:
* a) 'Percussion Primter C/ i2nA, ue
in5
mm
f'
cartridges for Ilk shell, contained: M 1: 28, K chlorate
14, Sb) sulfide 32, and 1,l:iss powder 61;. The upper
recess (naaie
fteprimter containe
0.65g of
granular black- powsder and a l.4Ig' pellet of black
powder Ilich1 served to i,nite the prc..iellant (pp 354-5).
b) Percussi on l~rim,.r C, l~InA used in of- cartridgfes,
* contain'ed: MIF 52.0, K chlorate 23.0, Sbt sulfide 19.7
and a brasive 5 1';. The upper i.!cess of the primer
ho6us-ed 9.7. jgrain of b~lack powder %%hich served to
gnite the propellant (1p355)
c) Percussioa Pli-nvr C/31, used in of. cartridges,
con tain ed: NI
T21C
hloae
37.6,
rcssb
29.6e
and abrasive 8
h
pe
eesof
the -rer
sulfide
- - --
-The
the
base of a cartridge
in comparison
case. 'ihe
thn8.
n,
I19-iH),
PPit951 19.
*i
IvwdCA
PoigR~*
Grouind. hid (1946), pp161 & 71..
I) Collective, Pit Ift(
11,544 (19415), varc III, Tables 1,.
Bl1cCPrC
G'osjin-'
VARNISHiED
FBI
GAUA
PW
GIUMN
CAP
WSE
--
Flw
UPWE
GUPWE
AVLPU
P IME18
:;;~:.i.L~~:
.. *''j~~
Tj~
..
ciisinr ifoil:L,,
1W
55*jl~555
It
coniisit-d o
ai -.0 indica,;l L.asil,
i.In
plated Stce,!)
ontainmpIiil a przimer I ixiiirt litrvstiiily
lead~is diirtii rere sy Iat
andv
'11
'1
,i
vlzd3 kiccv iiisiiLatilly vul'. lead tin foil
wa icr
(attaced1.! i
slit'-lac to ani insu:lating matcrtiaJ
A)
:1iiiisirian
~SI~ln
7'
nickel
brss
sollfere.d
to
two
Ammnunition
foil strips
h e bridge wire
a paste formed by
metal
with
eeti
uisc
rai'swr
rnewr
sMues
ZINCLPLATED
~JL~L~2INSULATING
SEEL
ZINCPLAED
CUP
Rifling
SPLASTIC
ATERAl
STEEL
or
Increasing
SHEL
Twist
briefly
rifling:
lDrall
oder
lDrall)
VAachsc'ndee
to
10.05
TOGETH- .INSULATING
of
is
(Z/urnehnierder
WITH
5m
Shi IS I. 20) mmn%K, I 'S1:'200 and 20) tni MG 21'i. The bridgeexiste,' in two typecs:C/ 25 and C:/27, each
priner
requiring a firing current of 2.1 volts.
Progressive
ER
mt
.sl
us
s:
PLATED
SHrL
STEEL
~STEL
SELL
ZINC PLATED
STEEL SUPR
RING
STUCK
steel) con-
islaretl
Imisheliasl.eltrc
frsnhsaz'Iarrf
*-.ZINC
ZICPOLAED
\%-ire
'~s
r lead picrate) sus penile! in ai N(; varnish. (See under
lutsellead)
.0*A
fillimmr cuomiposition: K perelilorate 47, 11b styplinate
1
:nl
a silicide 30';, loaded loosely around the
n
2
FILLING COMPOSITION
AT 1200 It
PRESSED
IJEAD LOAD OR HIGHER
platedI
eparated I yan
llbad(n'lao)
\%.t.. CoaJtesd b\' Successive dlips in
md
ll
rictin)!. A , r.,,ir s.f12oiII(,vokt.
r' 1irdto iirt (lit- prome,, r.
Relcrelice: Il.1'Is,ot,
10 Rep
3
i'
-20 (190),
vp) 7S ,
brdg
0.1 MM
RING (PLAS-
TIC MATERIAL)
LACBRIDGELESS TYPE
.ELECTRIC CAP
40" to 5 58 42)
k) 210 mni 1118(5a 7' 45" to 50
42"
1) 210 mmi,K 38 (40 29' 27" to 50 ;0)
i10mmGnf16
bth
eshe
und Munit ionsfabrikee A (;.Ltlbeck and manufactured
*by threRhein metaII.Bts i 9A G At consisted of a cylindrical
FILLING COMPOSITION
BRASS CLOSURE DISC
IUPESD
(6.05 MM THICK'.
Wlafeico-
CON-
FUZEHEA ~'TC
Propagandorpanate
IG
BRIDGE IRE
ervinga
~
PRS
OLETPICE
ORT
~~~~O
COTCTPATCKPAED
WSS~
~
/underA'
\'V'N
~- MTHOD
OF' AKIN
FUZE
MATCHEAD
COMPOSITION~
*
BRIDG
TYPE
burster.
The
shell
One suh
was
fired
ro
from
~41
(Leaflet
caliber 73 mm,
wa Rocket),
pi
owe cntanedthe rocket motor with propellant
The pat
consitingof acylindrical stick with nine longitudinal
one in the center and, ight in a circeaon
nnr
BRATSa-rpgadrkt
EA'BRIDGE
T P
(LaltProiccctile)
ETAL FOILperforationsMILLBOARD
*
Sce Granate.
WIE
APReference:
ELEC
RIC
EL
I CT
C
P(Sveedaignnx
(,er 139
cap
sg;
Leo//el'~n
Roki
&ee
73cm
~Percussk
Small Arms
C-ub
_
_ube
24060.0
72.5
.NG
TNT
IDNT
Tubular
-
66.0
-70.0
-
25.0
--5.5
0.5
(or camphor)
Diphenylamine
(or
1.0
acardite)
0.5
-
32-34
32-34
25-29
29.0
290
40.0
31.C
3.0
30.0
-1.
4-7
30.0
3.
20.0
-3.5
1.0 I
7.0
--
2.0
o.3
----
0.7---
--
0.5-
--
--
0.
INabicarbonate'----
Graiphite
Moisture
Volatile solvent
Cu-be
(or urethane)
22.0
Na oxalate
Am oxalate
CubeOdnnc
5.0
0.5
K tartrate
Odre
-
21.0
-38.5
Centralite
0.1-
1.3
0.5.
0.5
-
1.3
0.7 - _.-
1.0
Note:The
m oxlatewas added to diminish the danger of ignition during rolling.
0.9
--
1.0
-
Aheitos
1.00.
I
ne
al
"I.e.
1.16
Propellants of WW 11
lb
jit
1 I oriaIit,
iioi It rtittinj.,I
b "IOw w its 41teri
vif, from
rtOilts of
i' ol
til tIipturif %,rit.rlll
frotefltt con-ductt-d st Ii I latilni
A rsen a!, I o vvr, New Jirs e-y (niostly
!1.-I..IIosken, jr~u~difJ
laoW
it -of tie Gjenleral Labora tory)
apd al
.so
fro
doctn
itryS
matei als gjatjtitrv, by vatri ous
Aill' ri call all
Is
sli
iIn se
o (i ritt
trC
11 Brtt'i~ittitittiiwl
IWir. oos Itfi tis
Gomn
ircl
TI
it-pi r s qi-I sb
l t. ei 1nd it42
vi2 c4 1 oII
o'
ir
IlnN
iiedil.a.12on
i*l.
uttr
(if featutore's which
tC it! worth nttot in g, such its:
:1
oey
ieepoelnscnand;
ufcetaon
a)Nn
ft
Cfrp
lwt
'
ts
i ie
to t
1
ill too-vol .t il lffast~i ir to co)lloid1 the' NC o~s efectivelye
irssy ge tiii Is re q u ire d. I t i s ats s tu itvd t lit: kt I volI rti Ic
~taii
ilvelit
. iffWll:.
ri
'.~e
t
'~ifitsucd
Vv% If:
iloth si nlgl t .imllilubIf
hasl' I-rope Iflan ts w r.' Us i'd by tile
11erm1
it Ju ii
t\
I
n111 itIaNCfio)lIansi
tilt- tthin'
tsiilcy t~o replface NG( by I tEG(f N. This witsN
duiii'
1tirt
di'
IlIt
rtti'
li-crug '
~I
which
wits laiter
witht
putrposes:
ito
ieltectricity, ili
Lialphitewais usuallfy
donec
lair
theC ttllhittsng
sf~eas
the possibility of igntition biy staitic
matke tile grains more "free flowing" while
"5111111
sucthi
uft)fudi
lm
e) Potassium salts (such a
6.ennan propellants, were evidently used as iflash reducers.
lit, some cases, however, mark~ings on the bags inchitded the
abbreviation Man Pulv which stands fot %lanover Piilver
Note
These we-e usually rapid-burning pr~opellants bethey wereL porius. The poiosity was obtatined by
incorporation and subsequenit elimnination of most of the
ircltossot
fNcotn
esthnl.,
n
another of N content more thain 11'.. The gelatinizer use'i
Nitrochemie Inwas an alcohltIacetonc solution. 'see
P- 71 5,811 0(941 ), C A 38,
ditstrieanfatgen A -(G , ir
2211 (19.110
plaints 'but intendfed for use in tfii# same type atnd calibter
ofl guti were "not the saime, It
although they all patssaed
;ite>'
itightt
ltay
there
*
manufacture
pirogressi~ve'ly
lor
in their
Oli
t.itils'l.-1Ilet Ivt
high vtlattility) of DEjGDXu
(see also
"Wi ilu51 iti). mtill cooiletr propellfan ts, which were also
tesserciive.iitf
pa~tiall fre
liit
nuzze~flisb
uiii - it. i :Oitt(' jwhein l arge attmount s tf nitritoguanitfine
(N(..u weee intctrpioratedf, as% for instance, in tfte comlVolusit iot: Mitt 10, N(C 11, IW GlDN 20, stabilti zers and
-ltticizenr. 71;(.a s (iudolpul ver)
fAsflahreutste(etatsuesalt
i
ta-
use.1
~t
to
wats
s.a.i
Nfi
~of
.. iring
In
*insp(ition ii'stis.
*
at ticititit
Arenal.
n.om
Ref
;, p 41 is describedf
Niitrocellulose-Bathn
CGer141
Table 42
Single Bose (Nitrocellulose)
ww 11
Propellants of
Form
~.
NC
%.N:
Suare
Square
P,
95.1
95.2
34.3
13.2
10.0
12.2
Square
95.1
13.1
Sq ar 1 .2-9 .
~ DPhA
Ca
Cent initon
1.8
.
-.
%-----Acar
Graph
Other Ingredients
se
0.2
.2
0.3
Unac
U
PETN
1.0
1.0
Unac
1.4
Et carbamate
5.0
3176
mMu~
3.1 7.(j2 mm
Maus
6.3. 7.92 mm AP
& K sulfate
32
SP
S quar
12.5
OA
0.M
Squre98. Sqaei9.
1.1
99.5
13.0
56.0
13.2
0.9
0.5
Squre
12.
4.1
12 . 72
S P1 .2-5.
95. 1
PETN
nac
Unac
Graphited
Sonle
.6Cent
2. 6
.0-
7.0
0.7
-GtanadeA/T
PT
0. 31i
.1U
60.0
.2m
a
n ac
4u7.92/1 mminVAr
&DNT
10.0
3.0
2 .9
'.92 m mn
AP
*;.(3 MM M au ser
l'istili,9.0 mmn
Pistol and 28/20
mmn
APIN
3.3 9.0 mat Pistol
2.1 9.0 mm B~all
2.
. ni al .m
Pistol and 50 rmm
Trench Mortar
2.1l3.Ommn All and 13.0
HE
0.95 2 0 mm AP
31
0.1 20 mm HE Mauser
4.6
0.3 20 mn lIE Miauser
1.8 2
1.1
O0mmn Inc
0.5
1.0 2 0 mm Solothurn
.
2.7 13.0 mm AP, 13.0 mm
HE, 15S0 mm HE and
t
SP
S r,
95.0
97.4
96.4
13.1
13.0
1300.7
95.01o
12.9
SI
33
.3.7.95atm
03
13.1
94.
SI
TSb
SP'
Square
9 8.5
96.1
93.9
Sqar
9.4
2.0
SP
37 311.5
s 131U00C
9.
31
SI
0.5
Sqar'
13.2
9...
Tube
13.1
SI' 13.4~S
13.1
13.0
131
Unac
Unac
Unac
.2
S131
Squ.e
1.7
-0.5
3.1
nc21
0.4Unc
0.25
-0.3
Camphor
Unac
DBuPh
03
3.4
0.5
nac
K sulfate
2.8
0.6
1.5
K sulfate
0.2
1.2
0.3
1.0 0.4
2.OA0.
23o
8.
1.1
-
Camphor
ljnac
.8
ampo
Unac3.4
Unac
Unac
Li-na
2.6
0.9A
.6
0.2
. 2-Unac
0.3
lp9.31nac
K sulfate
Unae
Unac
0.5
1.0
1.0
3.0
1.88
1.3
3.4
2.2
0.7
Ger 142
6~.711 8
For.G
% 2.
Str~
4.0
300
12 . 3
3 0.0
63.1 30312.4
*e619.7
u
1 )
~St,,
Tubec12.0
s
9.
l~isc 59 5
Squrip'
Sqar
Su are
Squre
29
13.0
tPorated)fx
659.2
123.
D ps
63.0
e.5
6qa.
Squre596
59.4
56.
596
.0
D i sc
56.
Flake59.6
Dsqur
62.5
22.3
13.0
39.
38.81
12.9
130
31.
4.1
6.0
12.7
0.
.s
39.0
0-
K sulfate0.
0.8
0.18
O.Z(incor-
06
03U
9.
0.8
6.
0.K
89
7..1
Un T
0.4
0.5
Vaeln
U n ac
Unac0.
1.5
0 . 67
0.4nc1
N
Un fac
UnacZ
0.
01U
ac.3
1.0.7
08
0.2
03Unac
a lt
D~U
r t
3.
r
InSqua
c)
'Rocnketeb
'~~e
0.94
i
l a eu
0 m M ra
75Omm Rocket
amount
1.2
ofa co mu.i o
of c3.r0t
were
d.1 Gra. it
and. to2 r ed uc
s1r n.7t a s
w asused for
0.85
was
e dase
lre, pre se n ti ' o mel prsetat , as su p selti'(
act~ rl prm
asrai
axen
cooling aten (to owe th te pertur
ee
ne t op
g )
N DE D .~
at d a
soepmoan
opelat (Bsee
155 mm Ho
1.5e
Dic615
1.9
lre
a mndA PHN
m p
1.0
1.5
Squaree
Sqa)rncssinw
0 mC4c
mm H
U rn c
02U
0.21
0.1(nc r
0..7
7mnAM
5 m H
o
75 m l C ( e i
1.- 37Om
m H EC
d
14
B m
E M ra
8
4 0mi Czec
7 0m m; HE
.
0 m
o
0.3
105 m mHE w
0.84 S
m Ho Bs
a
h et0
-D
13.
0.0.07
13.23.0 22.
13 34
12.36
12.0
.0
6.0 .
970-0.
28.5
38.1
0.7
60ipoae)15n
30.0
'12.9
3.1
ranlc
asena-Double-B
28.56.3
r pe
ns
(;er141
le-Bou
se
NC.DGDN)andTable 44
Do~l-Bas
MC-EGUN andTriple-Base (NC-DEGDN.NGu) Propellunts
-D
Fom rm71TnCompos
NC
'NC"
Tube
66,1
ae651
Acer
Graph
11.9
30.2
1.8
0.2
12.1
11.8
12.0
31.5
29.4
2.
26.0
2.7
2.7
.4
7.4
Tube
68.7
11.8
28.4
1.5
Squawe
38.4
12.6
32.0
13.1
12.9
12.4
11.8
TueZ5.
v
3.
Sti
96
Tb6.3
38.4
0.9
32.7
29.8
Other Ingredients
-0.2
-0.3
0.1
-0.3
(incorporated)
0. 1
0.3
0.7
0.7
0.1
0.5
2.2
-0.2
12.2
29.8
130
344O
24
39
12.8
38.6
--
11.9
28.2
7.3
12.4
!1.5
0.4623
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.2
38.4
Square
Note:
62.0
12.4
26.0,
7.6
0.2
76.2 mrmand some 8 mm weapons were those
captured in Russia
'12.2
30.9
-0.3
67.2
11.8
28.2
3.3
43.0
11.0
18.5
0.2
0.4
(incorporated)
0.2
(incorporated)
0.2
I38.6
Tube
Tue
be 1
ub
-66.7
K sulfate
Unac
Unac
Vaseline
K I.alt.%
Unac
K salts
linac
NGu
K sulfate
(added)
Unac
linac
linac
K sulfate
0.4
1.4
0.4
3.5
0.5
0.8
0.4
0.9
29.3
2.
3 7 minmf
4
7 nin Ai'V
50 min Al3
0.8
1.6
1.0
0.5
157 in APHY
linac
K sulfate
Unac
linac
1.5
2.5
0.3
0.7
EtPhUret
Unac
Vaseline
K sulfate
linac
N(;u
linac
1.2
0.4
2.0
1.1
0.7
29.0
0.9
Etphliret
linac
3.1
0.9
NGu
lnac
NGu
IDPhliaet
EtPhyirer
30.2
1.3
31.2
3.2
2.2
76.2 men.HE
88 mm AP
88 mm AP
75 mm HEIHoC, 75
mmnHE Pak 40 and
50 mm HE
76.2 mm AP
88mmn HE
0.4
0.1
lin33
ace
Unac
1.8
0.3
0.3
150mnm Hlow
(Zones 1-6)
150 mmn
fow
(Zone 7)
150 mm How
(Zones 7&8)
75 mm Rocket
36.6
0.4
0.3
0.1
linac
0.'
13.0
38.7
0.4
0.5
0.2
licac
0.6
126
3.
0.2
1.5
3.0
2.1
12.5
33.3
34.8
DPhliret
EtPhliret
line:
lnc3.3
EtPhU~et
Dpbliret
Carnauba wax
linac
lnac
60.06
75 mm HoC,
Semi-Fixed
75 mm HoC,
Semi-Fixed
75 mim Tank Gun
37.3
.13.0
Tube
75 mm HE
13.1
62.1
61.1'
59.6
7m
.3
L
iquare
ube
Tube
liE
TM
APIIV
APIIV, 47
2.2
11.8
50 mm
50 nun
50 mm
50 mm
K uft
0.9
I61.6
ube'9.
50 mm liE
~quare
Dic59.
50 mir APHV
AFJHV
gq-are
Flake
3mmAShl
Unac
8:8
I1.4
Uses
lnac1.
0.3
66.3
6u41.
61.5
60.01
91.1
65.1
66.4
____
_____
Cent
Tube
Tube
Tube
Tube
Tube
Tube
Tube
'ition,
DEGI)N
35.4
2.1
0.2
02
0.2
150 mm Rocket
1.2 210 mmnRocket
2.0
0.3
1.7
4.6 300 mrm Rocket
wr I .
'Abbreviations: AA Antia~ircraft; AC Aircraift; Acar 'icarditc; Am Amminoniumi; AP Arin-r-riercing; A/P Antipersonnel; APC Armor..
ED
pwri~',ng-, (appelf; A.'T Antitank; Cent (:entrailitt*; CM Chemical Mra;DuhDhrlhhl~;DGlityeelcl
Il~irhy 'i114l10t'ol l'iiiitraitt; DN4T lVinitrnotoluc'ne, DPhA DpiivinieDPhUret lDiphenyl urethane; Et Fthyl; EtPhUiet I'thjvlHo hollow Charge; shaped charge; HV if yperPhenylurethlitn;' Flak (;. designation for AA; Ortiph Graphite;JE hliph ExLosv
Veli~cicy: Hydrocci hlydrocel lulost'; Inc Incendinry; K (IKJnnonc ) Cannor.; K sailts Potassium salts; LC Long Case; MB Munobloclr;
,MNT' Motronitrotohiene; N Nitrogen; HC NitrocelIutolose'; HG Nitroglycerin; NGu Nitrogtuanidine; Pak German designation of AMT
PETN Pc'ntaerythritol Thetranirrntre; RN Itotinif Nose, SC Short C'ase,, SP Single Perforation; T Tracer; TEG Triethyleneglycol;
TEGDN Triethyleoeglycol lDin~trate' TM Tren'-h Mortar: TNT Trinitrotoluenc; linac Unaccewinted.
Remark 4 fil TablIe .14 Svt, pre vious parr).Tbl
IlL)
n
u
hv'h',h"
NIthnnhit'
pnrl'ollantus were siri lar itt composition -,o Nt. l)riilt-fl 1111
listedi it) Tablle' 1 the%('hllt SO~llt.feaitutres5 whlich are' wotrtht
tntiotiog, stithl
Composition and
-, s
German lDea'~nation
S6702
p1]4232
ete
t:po
5
NC-DEGDN Propollunts, of Dlinehbera Fabrlk D A .0
NC485
IN in NC
1.
29)4526.1
Am nitrate400
I)i cysnd iamide2.0
Cleaie110
01
lii oxide
Graphite
01
isribunt
Anfomev
ointiE
viewu
the grins.It
rto
ip
ehlit
manufatur
i~~te,
lii
11frplanj
1) A -
tt719
beohanuse in
anti 11omlitz
to ignite
ublink
fithIlowil i, plantis. 'Irol udorl
Fabrik 1) A -(; , R,)ttweil Fabrik
abtik of Wolff Co.
Ithprpofroelnsat
'blend consisted of 20 parts NC,
il
litiv
tit.hllw
iss int
a~gc's
on NG:
2) L~ess
:I
0.0
voail
t)Teyeitort.
sensitive' to flame and thus more difficult
ath'h
na
the
~thZ andf CP lantue
giv
maie f by
roellnt
28.6,*
C ( coten i2l5)
Witsroe:
as 0.5,mltz
rNCen (N 0.ondt 1215.ating
N
30'~
-1X1
Soedoiible-laise
(Senext
vauy5vka/g
NODCD)adtil-se(O
proplllnts
manuactredat te lUneetg
ef . T~ir
in
tte I.escibe
Dynait
'i ale4b-be
in
give
able43b.breech)
pcgj
1) A -G
,E
Se next page).
Remarks
anTal46
a) In the comptositions given in Table 46 only the main
are included. Othei components, such as
stabilizers, graphite, etc were given in Tables '42, 43 & 44
IIriI)AI Force of a Propellant (hlxV) is a~ function of its chemical
composition
c) quickness (a) of a Propellant is a function of granulation
as well its of its compossition. The most important variables
pproimatlyinvers-tly proportional to the web size. In
h
ucns
e
ie
irs
oa
oaiecnetan
small armis propellants the concentration gradient of the
krent
is usej to alter the quickness
d) The relative quickness of propellants is obtained by
comparing their burning rates with the rate of a standard.
If comparison is miade between a German propellant and
a standard American propellant, the results ate likely to
ev
Li
misleading since the German guns ( m.d
Used propellants designed to develop the maximum
rssure rapidly and after the shell had travelled only a
Get 145
Table 45b
Double-Ba5 . (MC.DEGDN) and Triple Bose (NC.DEGON-NGu) Propellants of Dimneberq
Fabrilt, DA-G
'FN
NCC in
NC
Form
Compositions,
DEGDN
NGu
Cent
Acar
Graph
alue
Ago)
Igeins
Flake
Flake
Flake
Tube
63.65
54.40
38.03,
67.65
13.0
13.0
13.0
12.0
35.80
44.50
31.12
29.00
Tube
68.'22'
12.0
29.23
Tube
62.33
12.0
26.72
Tube
61.51
12.0
26.37
Tube
64.08
12.0'
27.47
Tube
43.51
12.0
18.64
30.00
Tube
39.48
12.0
16.92
30.00
jEtPhUret
Tub .e
69.92
12.0
14.83
3.00
0.10
tube
60.55
12.0
25.95
3.75
0.10
Tube
44.00
12.0
18.85
0.50
0.50
0.50
3.00
30.00
1.70
0.05
0.10
0.10
0.05
0.05 K sulfate
0.25
0.25
-
0.50
0.10
0.25
0.25 Vaseline
Phthalate
0.25 Vaseline
Phthalate
K sulfate
0.25 Vaseline
Phthalate
0.25 DPhUret
itF'huret
0.25 I)PhUre
8.00
0.10
7.50
0.10
5.35
0.10
0.50
0.10
0.10
20.00
0.40
Jalpha-NINN
0.10
5.00
9.00
2.50
0.50
12.00
0.50
r -Ihe,
Tube,
Tube
Tube'
69.38
65.53
65.71
58.55
12.21
12.2
12.2
12.2
25.27
23.87
23.94
Tube
35.50
12.2
21.75
40.00
Tube
42.45
12.01
18.20
25.00
6017
12.6
35.33
59.03
12.6
34.82
0.50
0.10
0.10
0.50
K nitrate
01.' 5 DNT
alpha-%INN
0.15 hlydrocell
I'NT
alpha-NINN
0.15 LINT
825
870
DPhtret
EtPhUret
Ilydrocel
K nitrate
q4
kcal/k
ka/g
otheredet
1.80
0.80
1.60
0.65
2.00
1.85
0.90
3.25
3.75
4.25
5.00
4.00
10.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
2.50
3.50
2.00
1.50
1.50
4.00
4.00
700)
-
Uses
Uses______
Various Ilows
Various Ilows
Various flows
88 mm AA and
Heavy 100 mm Gun
(K18) (Army)
37 mm AA and
37 mm A/T(Army)
Heavy Army Field
Ilows
100 mmnArmy Gun
(K 18)
730
88 mm Army AA Gun
750
88 mm Arm~y AA HIE
Gun
88 r.,n Army AA
and AP Guns
730
730
730
88 mm AA and
other Army Guns
Various Army Guns
720
0.25
-820
Naval Guns
0.25 Phthalate
1.25
730
Naval Guns
0.10
0.25 alpha-MNN
7.00
730
Naval Guns
0.10
0.25 TLGLIN
25.10
650
Naval Guns
K sulfate
4.00
0.10
0.25 LIPhUret
0.70
820
37 mmnNaval Gun
EtPhUret
0.70
K sulfate
0.50
.10C 0.25 DPhUret
4.50
730
Navai G~t.,q
EtPhUret
4.50
K sulfate
5.00
0.25 llydrocel
1.50
900
Universal conapo..
LIPhUret
1.00
sition for Rocket
EtPbl~ret
1.40
Launchers
IG Wax E
0.35
Knitrace(added) 0.80
0.25 hlydrocel
3.00
865
300 mm Rocket
EtPhUret
1.901
Launc'~cr
-Vaseline
0.0_____________
r nol.. 46
Prolerties of Some Germon, tPrnoellarts
Comipos~iit ion ,%
"orle j'rorertiesIiinigIhl.%eit
For.__
*
'HS-
~~~~~141C
11
85
-3
"I 1 ue82.57mi
1.6
Cod
SISI
Squaire
I'
Sq tiarcIilimter
*Square
SI'
.
*p
*
*
*
5.:7
si.,
3.08 n0,
IJ. 5
SI' I.9
630 38.5
11.3
3 6'0 12.0
65.10 11.93
6i;
.3.5 12.4
39.4 12.9
.
59. 6 12 .55
12.4
-.
1.A
12.8
*
13.03
13.0 44.4
30.3
30.2
Squar e
4.d
7.4
94)
)8
:I'
92.75
53.1 5
quar.
61.64
13.'1
37.3
Squaire
62.13
130
36.6
113.0-
38.7
5I I)Disc,]59.6
Ilibre
- tfltitank Gun
3m. 8
6.
16.!
331.X
21.2
J3,9
30.9
33.6
~~1(7-8
If.HC
0304
.062H
2.46
.0337
.0577
.0209
.60
.03
.0249
.333
881.5
890
829.7
740.1
706.9
H77
12.1
893.8
9)10U.6
850.0
776
8412
705.8
1407.4
680.1
777
722.3
711.3
706.2
'21.0
(u~
I3b 1X'
67'4,846
'438
585,602
597,55(,
466,762
681,42()
512,349
(35,76.o
643,066
617,608
.10261
.0279
.0237
.0211
.0007
901
883.2
829.7
829.7
1235.1
767
76.
705.8
705.8
588.6
691,067
63222
585,602
585,602
727,333
5.6
0.94
09
9.9
.0484
1015.9
685.2
696,094
85
017
167
.0313
993.6
696.7
692,242
H.A
.009
144
Jo
.722
989.4
704.5
697,037
8.8
,1
i~o
-IOc~et
8
34.8 88 nwm1111E:
32.2 76.2 min A, T
-75
mm AP"CI.C
75 mm I'll-llC
28.. 75 mm I-iIl~lok
75 mm L~eaflet
Itticket
28.1 75 r~m lIll:Tunk
31.? 42,'28 min APiIV
28/20 mm AI'H-V
214,20 mn AI If%'
. 150 mil How
(lSase Charge)
.150min
L~ow
(1-6 zones)
150 mm How
-lOmmK
-15
0mm
zones)
6,.62
5.53
5.08
1.2
42
'7.0
7.26
.0)
211
1.21
15
____
.1brviations:
A on tnt called Vivacity, C Raite of evolution of hot gases at a pressure of 20,000 psi in liters at atmospheric pressure / sq cm of surface / second; H Ileat of Combustion in kcal/kg; P Pressure of propellent gases in psi; V volume ~of
gases'liberated in l/kg .Sring rate (quickness) of the propellant at 20,000 psi in inches/see; (s)Freo
hr
modvnn-ie'
I'rlt'yal
er
(ither abbreviaitions ire given undier Table 44.
London, vI (1917)
Ger 147
j]Navy,
Propellants: Artillcry.
According to lI.ll.M.I1.'i:,CiOS
mo
Tal-1gvscmoiinadsr.poete
of
1
Reof
prpfat
t110 Report~~~
t9tI 1113l-l
4-8 an t*
,tleflowing
r1
common artillery Propellants jaed during VU 1I ..
~*'Pes
the Germans.
(See following pages).
Weriporis:
Propellants, !ntern al Ballistic .Data is given in tables at
A. Nitrocellulose (NC) Propebllant, designated ahs Nz
the end of CIOS
-6 seor
( ()94().
(Nitroszcllulose Pulver) Was
te following varieties:Reotl.
di
a) NzBIP (Nitrozellolose Bl~t~tchienpulver) was used in
Propellants, Rocket. Sce Rocket Propellantr..
105 mmnlight field how itzer
* b) NzMonNP (Nitrozellulose Manilvr Nudelpulver)
Poolns
tblt
f resaiiycaatrsiso
was used in bla~nk (practice) ammo
rplatSaiiyo.Te
tblt
hrceitc
I
c)NxRP (Nitrozellulose R(Shrenpulver) was used in
some German propellants were determined during WW 11
sonic 20 'mim & 3V' mm AA guns, 75 mmntank and selfat Picatinny Arsenal and described in Technical Report
lpioiilledl gutis, 7/5 mmnNavy gun 0231, 105 mmncasemate
I1H56 (194 4).
and 'tower gun arid 105 mmnlight field bhowitzer 18
if. iNitroglycerin (NG) Propellant, desipnated astiNgIP
In cases .vhert. sufficient material was available, both
(Nitroglyzerin Plulver). was of the following vaCricies:
the 120e and 134.50 hfear Terts were made. The results
a) H9161P '(Nitroglyzerin
BlalttchenpulvFr) was used
of terts showed a tendency toward pre~ater stability for
in 75 min iountain gun 15 and 80 mim heavy mortar 34
those propellants which contained a srabilizer-gelatinizcr
b) NgIPIP (Nitroglyzerin PlIittchenpulver) vas used
in 75 mmi infantry gun 18 and] in 75 mmntank- .nd self(such as centralite) in combination with another stabilizer,
Oro,-cllcd guns
i
such as acardite.
0c)hglRqP (Nittoidlvz erin Rlingpidlver) wae oseJ in
Sufficient amovulas uf propiellants were rnot available
80 mmn
heavy mortar 34o
ecigadfiiecnlso
ocenn
h
eiso
forecigadintcnluonocrigthmrtsf
d) NgIRP (Nitroglyserin pblirenpulver) was used in
75 mm Navy gun C/14i, 75 mmnmountain gun 15 and
disubstituted urctbaisies in combination with acardite.
88gunPropellants
mmtorpdoboa
containing NG, DEGD
and NGu-1EDN
C. Diethyleneglycol Dinitrote (DEGDM) Propellant, desig~iated
proved to be of satisfactory stability, judging by the 1200,
asDigiP (D~ilykolluvr
a
ftefloigvreis
le~at Test of the U S Army (the test paper should not
a%)DigliiP (lDiglykol Bltlitchenpulver) was ured in 50 mm
tr
amnpn
oo nls
hn4
i~e)
casemate and tower gun, 105 mmnlight howitzer 18,
tr
amnpn
oo nls
hn4
iue)
105 rma mountain -howitzer, .S15
atm heavy infantry
As to the single-base propellants, only a few of the
gun 31, and 150 mim h-avy howitzer 1S
German propellants met the U S Army S ccification which
b) DiglLgP (lDiglykol Leuchtgescho-s lPulvcr0 was
rqie
httets
ae nte1459ietTs
hl
used for proplln strhelai
88 min Navy guns
reurstathtstperite13.
atTtsal
C/30, C/32 & C/35, 105 mmnNavy' guns C/213, C'/.12
not turn salmon pink in color in less than 45 minutes.
&C/33, sr. mm torpedoboat gun, 105 mmiiNavy guns C128,
(:/32 S: 2/313, 128 ninn Navy gut. C/141, 149.1 mmnU-boait
Propellent Charge In Fixed and Semi-Fixed Ammunition.
gun L/45, 149.1 mm' Navv guns C2/25, C/'28, L/45,
According to hi.Enblesburg (The Ordnance Sergeant , May
&,L/55. 172.6 mm Navy gun L/40, 201 mm Navy gun
1944, p 321), German propelling charges may liesubdivided
C/34a, and 209'.3 mm Navy gun L/45
into two main classes:
cI D191PIP (lDiglykol Plilttchenpulver) %was used .in
a) Class No I (Fixed round) used flaked and tubular
75 mmnfield gun 18
propellants. In this case, the grain& were packed in
d) DiglRgP (Diglyko! Ring~pulver) was used in 105 mmn
a silk bag with an igniter bag sewed to the end facing
mountain howlizer, 150 mm heavy howitzer 18, and
the priner. With tubular grains, they f-ould be either
21
mmra
acked in a silk bag (as above) or tied in a bundle
e) OgIR
ihrnpuver
(Dglyol wa usd i 37mm
y means of a fine twine. The lower end of the bundle
AA guns, 37 mmnA/T guns, 42/28 mmntapered-bore gun,
of tubes waa; placed in' a short silk bag, whiich had
50 mm VlT guns, many 75 mmnArmy rguns, and 88 mmn
sewn to its bottom, a coarser silk bag containing
105 mm, 128mm; 149.1mm Navy, 150 mmnArmy, 172.6 mmn
igniter composition
203 rpm 'Navy, '203 mmnNavy, 209.3 mmnNavy,
b) Class No 2 (Semi-fixed round) consisted of base
210'mm, 238 m'm,240 mmn283 mmnNavy, 280 mm, 283 mm,
and, increment charges (zones) contained in silk bags.
305 mmn150 mmn,380 mm, and 420 mmnweapons
An igniter bag was sewn to the base charge. The charges
f)DgIfrP
Diykl
trieuve)
as
sdin
were shipped inside the cartridge case and if there
42/2 mi tapredboregunwere
too many increment% for the desired rfirige some or
D.Triethylenegtycol Dinitrate (TEGDN) Propellant. desall increments, but not the base charge)couP- be removed
inated as TrgP TilklPle)
a
sdised(before
fitir.g) and substituted by the "distance piece'kq v
of DigIP in hot climates, because lDiglvkolnitrat (LIEGDN)
!ncs
oflgraefin
auprhre.pc
IS Ver
oaie
n
uhpoeln
rg~P(rgy
in a cardboard or metal container, was provided.
kol eucteshs
Puvr
a
sd by the Navy in
Some Propelleint charges had -3 bag with a flash reducing
star shell ammo 11agent
(which was placed between the propellant and proE. Nitroguanidline '(NGu) Propellant, designated GuP
jectile) while others had a decoppering agent such as lead
(Gudolpulver),existed in the following varieties:
wire wrapped around the bag.
a) GuBIP (Gudol Bllhttcbenpulvc ) was used in 50 mma
A/T
m un,105
muntin hwiter,150 m havy
Propellent Groins and Thairi Dimensions. The followine
inantr gun,331050mmounhtavy howitzer, 180an 150amm
typical German propellants are listed by lI.1iNI.Pike in
heavyhwte o friiain
CIOS Report 3 1-668 (1946), pp 4-5 and tables;
b) GuRgP (Gudol Ringpulver) Iwas used in 210 mmn
a) Tubular (R~hronPulver), designated as RtP 40 (810 x
mortar 18
13x4.3) consisted of tubes 810 mmnlorg having external
0) GuRP (Gud'ol Rcohrenpulver) was used in 42/28 mmn
and internal diameters of 13 mmnand 4.X mmnrespectively.
tapered-bore gun, 88 mmntank and A/T gun 43,. 105 mmn
b) Syrip (Streifenpulver). designated as Stri' (100 x 10 x
recoilless ui,128 mmnAA gun 40, 128 mmntank destroyer
0.6), consisted of grains 100 mmnlong, 10 mmnwide
sun 44, 211 m~mgun 12, 380 mmn
Siegfried gun, 406.4 mmn
and 0.6 mm thick
Adolf gun, 533.4 mmngun called Gerat 36 anid 800 mmn
c) 1.lake (l3lattchenpulver), designated as BIP (3 x 3 x
Sevastopol gun
.
0.8). consisted of grains 3 mm long, 3min wide and 0.8 mmn
thick
F.:Ammonium Nitrate (AmN) Propellant, designated as
Amman P (Ammon pulver), was developed towards the end of
d) Disc (Pllittclienpulver), desi~nated as 1-IP1 (50 x
Amon tP o r ge f om
at ri l.
h p op lan
.2). consisted of discs 50 mm in diameter and 0.2 mra
thick
(Ammon strei fen pulver) was in the shape of
stripsr
500z0x23
is cmpostio
ma~ad
wa: N (1~N)
e) Rinx or annular (Ringpulver), designated as RgP
litel%.The strips were coated with a regular DigIP in order
to overcome the hygroscopicity
k-9 r I
V%
Vii.
0iii
OAN
7,
'
~~
I.~
~Oe\b~UO0 ~o
~>MiZ
tz
-D CD
sr.0000
00
ao
co
a =
~0000
L^0"
(1-
coo~
*~
N,NO
C;i
(D
c 'ZsZu~ bi :
7. a
00 00
0 %1"
f4'.
.4
ir-
10
ID
N41
0D
N-
.0
10
N4
.'."
rI,
N1*
-0
"t.'
00
f4
-0-4
'a-a-4
-2J
'~'0
-
--
so0
'C N.0'
U
- WW%________________
f4 -f4
f4
m0
-
t^
NtNO
fl C4
v'ea
ii4
~
c
z4 z
U~0 0
o 0~
00 00
a, 00c
0'l
V-
V.
G\ 'I
-q00
I8
Onammo
0-
C^
v%
.3er 149
Z
u Q,)z
-'Id-
14~t
14bO
N;
Z.
WIN
-_
t -.
aa
gOC
05
Wu.VU
0000~I
V.VU
'
to
Cs
U~~~,
2~'0
oI ,
-U c
~~~
0U
14 z~N
d
co
in
I 1;00
Nl
0,
u In
CA a3
'0
J9
<W0~~
Cw
I'~~E.-
tW-
9994:R
XWWw
b-% W%
s .- uU,~
-;;a0-ca
e
W%.
WN-4
"0,
22
4ux
a,.,
(;er I150
Table 48
Igjniter 8ag Compositions
Prnpe~lent
Iand
P~ropellent igniters
ood).1
o l .3
1.0
-5.2
14
12.4A
1.
Cordin
91 A
12.7
DPhA
K sulffate
Ca mphor
0.8
0.6
9.6
6.0
131009
70.2
13.1
.0.
13.0Tapered
-
6.8
37mn-R
su19lf t
P~a
Unac
0.3
3mm IE o
0.4
Ua
Unac
2.2
2.0
0.35
Acar
K salts
URIac
Bag
Grains
13.0
04.0
-43
Ilag90.
2.3
88.2 ~
Gr~i
13.0
88.9
8.U23lnac
Gr~n
lDag
0.-
0.8
6.1
12.3
91.0
92.8
123
8.7
.7.
10.3f0.8
0.9
0.59.0
11.7
0:5'0mmq APPC B)
0.45 5m
0.25
.
forg
881?.7
12.1
.4
0.6.
15013.0
10.8
1.0
7307.5
11.7
13.1
96,6
734.
1.
qu9e.
6.
88t.7e
C o r
Cord
32127.
1. 1
567
12.1
13.3
63.1 (o2
736.
3.4
2.7
Vn ulac e
nc0.
Unac
2.5
tUn ac
3.4
0.
1.0irte13
1.3
Unac
Unhre
066
145.
( n c o p)
.8
0.47
.9Unac0.
U na c
0.
.
5.1
See.
Abrd vais
Nte Pe t te if
0.3
Una
Cna cp o
rj~
fuarg
mm APC (BAg)
50 nmAI'HN
-50
K uft
K
1.0
3.
1 .
Bord
APHY
42/'28 mmn
42/28 mm AP
Bore Gun
0.15 50 mmnAPC
2.5
0.8
0.6
Ksulfat
-
5
O10.
1.3
883.4
7.3
:()9.
1.3
1.4
(:r1
I~od
'Grains
mAR
043
KNsu.1t
Vtag..
3.
1.
13.0
rain80.5
*~ ;ri,56
Gan89.5
0.3
---
rain
*89.6
*
13.1
13.0
21
.
0.8Urin
13e.ta0e4
otiig1EINadN
rplat
Icut fintn
oethn5e1tIN
ofahghdgeeo
itainwihnt
NC~~~~~~~~~~~~
750mm HEkAi
PL
5m
62mmA? u
2.0)
m Il(lg
8 mm l~ .
m Il1oC(a
3.0
2.1
(1harg 1)3
18
,
0.5875Ummn Gun
(-harg40 )
2.8
3
5 i in AP L
0
1,03c
A a 0.3
1.
8
100mm Gun(
7.2
ssian
mm
155 tre
K nitace
1.2
HoE (P
155mmn
Acar
50 mm lIEN ([lag)
mm HE Ho
75o
75m4i~ l C
h igitr
i co
mae
n nsisted
3217006()5 (hre2
Io )
(jet 151
Nt'dultr *-,r
O~q
(Nidielnulver ) desi imated as
M~ 0.' t'ile (nn
r. rao range. .; %c.rc built in tL. fir
* NdNI ) (oI . s .%, cosis~llof rais I* 5mal
of a V, thtr gun being placed ait the point of intersection,
tt while tile other waci
s that it could f ire. in to :,oe
fo Nava sta shll and
iLnple)
iiiii
gIt~i~dI.on
bcinb P-epared. The officer in charge sat in an usar
fo Navl sar hels ~
g) Ioii; (~anpulvr),use
office oehiaid the gun and overlooking it. The Lefloulengii
* esnatd
a 1.l, (180x 30,28),consste oftublar
&irrtin%.180 mmnlo~g. laving external and] internal diameters
chogapswr
in
r
bldgsfter
akad
of V.) min andi 2.8 mmnrespectively.
hronoult ph were
n other buildin
ie
urthapier
fhr
ackndeo
(See ballitic
;list, Table
46 of th is ofbooktypical
where web
dimensions
and
sysutsm
wheebua
sn oten sre
wic
re
thruahla piped
conveyo
c~iriteristics
Gernan
propell ants
sytm
Theloeig
sren
weeualypad50n
ballisic
chrat.
part at approximatellyd30 and 80 mnfrom thergun.
are given).
The proof procedure for a propellant was to fire it
in comparison with a standard propellant, using 7 rounds of
*
each lot under proof.* A normial lot was 50 tons Thei
Propellent Itinoers aind Propellent Igniter Bag Compositions.
3Cfr
ryan
0'C orhe
fimgtpeauevs
at licatinny Arsenal during
work onuc(.the-odutd
Acoding to the Accr
Navy. Prulpellent chargvs (cit use! in tile tropiswr
we
nrie
as t'
at25"
th saebliic
md toiv
uu, 11 most of thle blags (containers) used for propellent
rhar,,e, at 100C2. The upper temrperature for tropical A/I
igniter compositions were made of, co,lloided smokeless
propellants was 600C:. Propellants were stored at the
propelien'r 11areriaIn. Thei same investigation showed that
required temperature for at l east two days r~rior to firing.
the pr~pellent igniter compositions may be subdivided into
pressures were measured by copper cylinders
classeb:Chamber
crusher gages).
th~eeclases:
The proof procedujre for a gun was to heat a Service
ae) NC-N(;cmoiin
propelling charge to 350(2 and use it in the gun being
'DNcompositions
b) N C-DiGN
copstin ann
nroved. attempting to develop) a pressurc (design or true
pressure) of about 3d0 atm (sq tonls/sq in) above the proof
c) Black powder compositions.
presisure, as necasured by a copper crusher gage. For the
table 418givcs' the compnos'ition oi typical propellent
Adol gun the pressure above the proof pressure, was only
ilgniters,classes (a) andfli) ,and of their contairners (bags).
150 atm( I ton,'st in).
Itis to lie noted that the valties ushiall be considered as
Reference* li.Il.M.I'ile, (2105 Rept 11-68 (1946), pp 10-12.
onely approxshnate because there was a possibility that some
oif thle N'.. or OI~LOlN vol atilized and passed from
the
PoiiyFz.Acrigt
M918he
Ibgovit
, topllat ve Itoa.types
tie
of proximity fuzes, for use in bombs, were developed
in Germany: the Acoustic, thle IR (infra-red) and the Electron* (see previous page).
I)
SSome pr1
op Iellant Iigni te.r comp.ositIiotns of Class c (black
powder) a re given'in Table 49
Table 49
______________________________
* Form
*Grain
Composition, %
Sulfur
KNO 3
* Grain
Grain
75.9
775
74.9
9.5
95
9.9
74. .2
8.96
76.2
9.8
Grain
*
rain
.14.6
____________
.30
15.2
Uses
20 mm Inc
20 mm AP
20 mm H~E
16.84
47 mm APC
14.0
47ranAPLN
___
_____p
fCharcoal
i~
AIR PRESSU
SWITCH
EIAZ
..
BAINE
(1950,
ubtiuts.See Treibs~tze.
Proeleft
P rooilitint
Sbsttuts
ainside
*
tier I2
P uppch en
Bei'fort'e t
1,111 YNid rOpl ed Irom ta I'lii
t'itrile curren't
h 'Pl
;tlilt. hittvriv's pasd
S IdtI.
rou
It (PI iiflge A was
'Iailil;11i ) iltiti ( . ll i'ii
tilt' relealse 0I ct'e 1101,10)
tile current
tccuitttlted,
i
wert
l~ ii (
it~ak..t
hroug l~wlv
-As
, tilt, Wi
on.i
'lproacha'l its taij~gct
ct'e pres suit
of air
lialt III, it t
.i.-. ie.adiiig to ill(' ;'ri'nure icwitth) pushed
la.
imov
aIe plat oft Oti s witch
ciimoard s the fixed pl aite,
ciis
tlousing th
tilt - ire nit thiroughi Ill and fi ring tht.
iiint
in11
1tv.ve,1taui Iv tly
le tad1in chia rgte (if tilt! bofll.
*if tilet lirvssS5Ure Itizet shut1 fll
to
i
operate twen the.
trembilehr sn itch I'S wa15si stulvoe
l
to act oni imipact oif tile
PUPPCH
II
fu xv.
.Sete
P yro Il it
P yi i it)Iil . A cordIi ag in) Nmii~iti M et' 1) IPyrol it.
was it tytit. of e.xplosisve prep~d fromt stinok c.si propellant s
le.ft liver after\~ Iv. 1.hIle finished prtoduct al so contained
m';iso5tu re. "'a n itrate
5 ito I 2% gy ps urn andJ at 1least 11
r..niax I 5"j) were
antd or K pe' chl ira te (miax ;0';) and *.1
soinetitites inecoi~cratedu in PIrolit.
~ttidol)
~~ciinsisting of %,til,N(:
A) ~~~Pulvr .i14, "1' r
p I-
anul IWOMl)
. Aiilc-i;eN(drp'lant
~ ~
K2
l~
t lt 'f ier .ece: 9 ** i ii c
ulvermosse
as
sulfate11
*
*
* .
pG
.lan
f as
Ig
irduit
I
general section.
containintgK
lists
the
fiilloiwing
ecorn-
~Pyroschitiff.l'uh.'erixed
technic composititrns.
ciumitituin intenided for use in pvroIt was req'iuired that the moisture
Ger 151
*
*Signal
fIantae(1
C)~~
,enfae
c
flurning
C;pvc: (0'V; CD' 21, kfg I I and lK, wax 7,;.
timer2 mninutes anti candle'power I fW0(.
Nozc: Trhe composition of the red flare was: I~r nitrate (2.S,
tI; wax i.u .urnitig
115, Cf '\C (0.'"; ( 1) 18.0 an
tie2mllts:ndcnlpowtrI0))
chresuch as:
.F(Follachirm)
Pationen 'parachute Flare Cartridger) which containtd,' among' other itemis, the red,
gre,en, v'ellow or white flare compositions.
cartridge consisted
I *or instance, the red floar
of thle f(.1lowing 'components:
odr
go lc
ie(.
allts
1)) intermediate (1.5; g of a mixture of K nitrate 16.',
AI 10.3, black powder 29.3 and Zr 208%l
11.I
c) Igniter (17 9 of a mi::ture of Sr nitrate 61, PVC 22 and
0 PC
d) Red flare (6.7 kg of a mixture ofS irt
is1, Mlg 18, Iii waxL 3 and vaseline 11). Burning time
opstos
flr1hdt1flown
OSnlnther,
ad ompsitins:Rocket
flres
othehe flloing
'Green flare. Ba nitrate 60, CPVC1 20, Mi; 17, Ri wax I
and Vaseline 21. Burning timne about 5 minutes.
Yellow flare: Na nitrate 45, Sr nitrate 2, Mig/Al alloy
time50)minutes m
wainadvseintancrnned
40,e o mea
t505i mine
Whte flare, l nitrate 68.5, Knitrate 8.0, Al17.5, S .
an vsein20% urning time 5 minutes
initermediate
Note: The composition of the first fire and of theignition.
comth sme for all flares, but the
mixurewawere
sasflo:
posixtionws
(60,
nitrate
Bia
of
mixture
a
of
positors gereen sfolare:1
ax I and vaseline 2';.
?,M lf.iv
CPV
lazcs":, 17 F ofamLueo ?~Ii)
ht
n
2o
elw
grist' ',B2% fluoride 6, S 10, Al (flakes) 20 'and
n telnitrte
h olwn
trcnitdo
re
fn h
Th cartrid
htecmgso
a)tPmim:
b) First fire (1. gOf black powdet)
(1.0 g of mixture: K nitrate i5, 513,
*~c) intermediate
Al 11)and black powder 12%e)
.d) Red star (10. g of a mixture of 'a1nitrate 57, Mg 20
IThcopstoofohrfaeanthistsisgvnn
*andi CPVC 21%).,
The composition for Ithe red star was: Sr nitrateas 60,
for
16'"). TUhe first fire was' the same
g.24 and CPVC
grenbuttheintrmeiate contained, B., nitrate
* th tar
powder
black
and
11.7
S
1.9,
A
Ke nitat 15.,
t1.
15.to
mk
atigs
hc
otie
bu
containing
Note: MlIost of tile: intermediate' compositions
in 19415, by mixtures
owdr ndsulfur~were replaced,
blak
and Al and the reason
.nirate
blark powetr a,,toctbd
for thi- v, ey,:piained under Te-.ranitrocrao TNb)
Patrone~n (Cascade Cartrid es)
2)"Ka (Ko'sirade)
1 "K"Abbreviations:
:red, Yellow or white) without
(green,
contained flares
fle:
I,1.,,re
parachutes. ,.IThe
folowin c bnation was used fOr gre fae
*
a) igniter (5 g of black powder)
b) Intermediate (7.5 9 of a mixture of K nitrate 34.
TcNCbz 34 and Al 32n.
PYROTEC14141CS
lc
100 smoke producing pellets of the following componiri.,n6lf~(1.5,Mg 1'f.5, antliracene 8.0 and naphthalene
12.0%. The igniter trai n consisted of a [)lack powder
40
and an ignition composiincnaiigKntrt
Iich, 24.6, *TeNCbz 18.0, anthracene 5.0., naphthalene
2.4, Al powder 18.0) and Mg powder ".";.
Note: There were two types of I5 col RSS., rockets 0I and
2). Type I war, equipperd with a delay igniter V-22 ,'I v
h
which w n fir-1 ivy the hot ganer fro. Cintolw.plluiu,
while type 2 waF equipped with the electrical igniter for
the rocket motor tobe and was gidseraly
Thcopstnofthrlreadteisasisivnn
pp 27-29 of the Reference
ed
C. Mark 50 Kosk ode (Cascade Flare iomblwas emplo
o.' the Pathfinder sy srm
simulate the cascades
filled
case
used by the Allies .lIt consisted of a cardboard
with about. 62 candles. Each candle buined for about "?
minutes with either a red or green flame. The composition
of the candles wits the same as described for ireni A2,
.yiichode
"Ks" (Kaskade) Patronen.J
chord;
oyv
CPVC Chlorinated,
DEGON Diethy leneglycol dinitrate; HCe llexachlor ethitn;
PVC polyviny Ich loride; TeNCbz Tetranitrocarbazol.
Reference: ll.p.'ppig, Pyrotechnic Antipathfinder D~evices,
dos, Item Nos 3 &IFieN3-5(14)
sitiveness to Shock and Friction), lDetonatioausgeschwindigkeit (Velocity of Detonation) and lBrisanz (llrisance).
A brief historical description of the development of
yrtcnsincemyisgvnb
the science of
Lotz (Kef 3).
lzxo (Ref 5) lists numerous German pyrotechnic compositions as can be seen in Table 50. (See next page).
Get 154
Seign
aio
.....
.Pyrotechnic
IGnitin Str-.
6.0 160
Comnpositia.,
S-
10.
S
&g
1.
80
Ctherc a
* signal
107n-21
o dr
18.
00
5,
enk e2
lc o
SinLigt5P
Gre
6 0e 4
Si U nah
R
a e d.3
Signal ih214
SNo1es7
a)
5 0
50.
-7
. S t .6
--
sr~yi
~
~cd
7 .0
r Ao.c
51a
0S
P21oy2y
e~
~ g Ternt
~
~ cra.~
t r i
30n0
p29
Pyrtecni
C n ai e i n w
arride
es
wAs de-
thIinlaou
co t i i g K n t a e 3 . , fn n tr t
- o C
hl r d
AStatrine
a)a Cop8t6n.o0i
t)
or be usned nac as tarckmpwarnion.
275
.4
" d Ame e
t r ~ m l s IgnVl
9ed
nea wV
h st l , . souv
n d. The
5,
5, 22f19
a L C 5 fl r s
55.evices.
R
~~~~
o cen e~~~~~~~
f ~ at n )
h ch a s dimsl v
15,
Vh'itrmdit
.xt:
17.0
C1
5,p 212sgalwsaot
i n Hl :w
a .
25,c
Sta
por u
RPe
eod
40tr.en -0
. 1
5.
Abbreviations.
hord;Rm
~ ~~ ~A~
PVC
20
iuratioflam7 foraa0.
11.
A
nd)~3
sm k
27cr.05
u wJ
discusStdrin0t0i- wor0
Hl i n t r
p r1r8e.0;l
d b
dfee t
ooe
an ls
ue
1 5,b M I . r ol c 8 5 C a * ,
acd Te~
oNotes:
Tetr
hitrc
r: 1az ntato9 I el t 61, Kn nirt
o l 21.ckpwe wast and
sd
i s tnl ur igie3botIg
o
91
ab n9 2 a d A
11
*leuchlte
~S~
'0111'~
use,
d
Ian tih.
wound
fI .rc,
Jn
v,
7r
I- 71e
4pl
nt
liuor romthe
ulfte clluoseindustry.
tra
t14 in riflei!s or ini tI'
rfov usl
.itu hninduv
.. dl,. ,. (ilat
er o s ncnos
ot strips (Streffi p
References:
1) II.Blrunswi) ,. Dahs r,.utch lose P ul ver, Bierli (1926), pp 6-7
2)! I.1.' srn i r, MwjiuI32. 2-44 (1950)
.:
.",.
(
I )p
IMarshaill, v I IQ~
p16
N .koulll, schigess- untd Ispreii gstoil C (1927), 1,
i) lDav'is 011-11), p)SO.
*.
tf~ss'~i~JllprviprvI
* \l~ii
(allv.I
solub
ra
SlIila
samie
uitiminr
its
I-.
Ii..schi&hs
*~~rn
Ii..
AmIn~ce
sulfo-~
Raschit 1
74
Ras'chit 3
Raschill24
Rasht
86
87 .
.69
-chi
R
Raschit Type I
Raschit Tyl-
1-
solIfo
13
14
31
65
68
Iraterecoilless
laW
6Flinnish
--
-c
32laot1400
lef4,P352) stated thiat Raschit was invented in Ii011 by Adolf Voight of Germany.
.
:
Itefurencis
1) F.RASIsdig, Angew(:li1in 25, 1194-1)" (191l )
9,(92)
,SS17
2) F.uc
Noe:Clvr
Ple)
See RI.P.
See Rohpulvermasse.
Ger 157
Reducing Bore Gun Gerlich Type Gun,
i (;unn.
:Gun. See Tlapcred-lie
Reibungsprobe (Friction T*lest).
Squeeze-Bore
rgi".rArsenal.
References.
1) K.W.Gatlanc. Development of the Guided Missile, '!Flight"
Publication, London, (1952), pp 55 & 122 3
2) W.Dornberger, V-2, Viking, N Y (1954), p 248.
Rifled Projectile (Pre-rifled Projectile). Three such projectiles were described in TM 9-1985-3 (1953), pp 526-528.
All of them had a rifled design which took the form of
12 longitudinal splinee inclined a
500ot and spaced
about 60 mm apart. The splines were not machined from
the main projectile body but constructed separately on
sbtrips of steel which were then fitted into grooves cut in
the projectile body. The grooves were undercut to provide
secure attachment.
It is assumed that the splines were iqtended to engage
in the rifling of the gun.
To the rear of the projectile there was a copper or
bimetallic driving band, the probable function of which
was to act as a gas seal.
Two of these projectiles were used in the Railroad
Cannon 28 cm K 5 (E),while the use of the third projectile
is unknown.
One of the projectiles [28 cm (280 mmy, was rockerassisted, It weighed about 546 lb (loaded and fuzed.but
without rocket ignition fuze). The weight of liE charge
was about 31 lb and the wt of propellant 43 lb . The
maximum range of the gun was about 53 miles.
Another type of 280 mm projectile weighed 562 lbs
(loaded and fuzed) and was filled with about 67 lbs of
TNT/Wax - 95/5, pressed in blocks in a cardbtuard container. (See ilraIsugs under Granate and under Rocket
Assisted Shell).
also Prc-engri ved and Pre rifled Projectiles in the general section).
(icr 15h
4grnnate)
RIFLE
CRENADES
Cup,.."
fuze
A, uvihu.
OUR TTW
HAACZ
A,*
ACC
c'r
CUPLOVIPM
Off
FILL--"
Mae
Top
01
Ast fuze
n ank
I e_
S101.10
%K&A Nth.
Cuff I
PIODIA
stlev
ROD
TAILPlIC
it
W-WAN
Oct.
th
ATOM
Otto.
qubsEq
IVJ-
rL
rLasm
TAPE
%'9[L TA.9
COLLAR
spolka
USIVICOW
tZ
'FLFD'sr cl-oh
CLOC
6AL L IPSTIC
CA
&XV
OR
LEAFLT
ST CE L
PACKING
As
S'CCIF
COVI
60 y
CtIA
..FICE
F1I 0S
141
OET0
SPA,
COR
'no
STA R
T
1
EW
S.A F It
PA A
C"UT
IMER REmmm&SCRCW
IV
SPRI
SPRI NG
Ei
C CT E
HAMM
A 140MR
Daft
PELLt
DE
IF ICTION
)46 A
PLX's
DELAY
AP
YARD
0
rl
AIFLIN
ecom Ds
ViL.Asm sp.
Fl_
UIT
*previous'
*cylindrical
Ger 160
etoa' eight wits 19 oz, overall length 238 mm,
2)
-rhall,v 1 (1917), p 391
length of stein 102 miii anti its d~aneter 30 mm, lenf~tl
of head 13~(,imm and its max dianieter Of rilm. Its busin
) Colver (1918), p 1.11.
*.nd propellent charges, as well as its primers, detonator
Indl booster were tile same as for d,, 416mm
1
va11Tb!
5
Rekf 1, p 9, Ref 2, p)331 and Ref 3,d)
Robtirio t
i) ol nmil Antitank Rifle Grenade, briefly deascribed
on p 412, Rkef 2. was oimilat in construction to the
componnts and %ome
L13!!!
grenade. Its overall' length was 244 mm.Pr;
1
1orties
.;Le-iflet ,.ifle Grenade (Gewehr l'ropagandagranate)
.a!- Fred from the rifled 30 mmndischarger cup (SchiessAmntae7.
87.
Km nitrate
liecl-er) which could be fitted to most types of German
Knirt
rifles. It consisted of a cylindrical stetl body (with
a 1 rerifled
base) containing a delay luze, a thin
K permanganate
0.5
container for the pami~lilets and an ejcctinjr
Am sulfate
.o
Chaorge 'for this cylinder. On firing the grenade, the
mn- DNB
7.0
*propellent vases ignited the delay fuze and, after
TN
about 9 srconds of delay, the fuze fired the ejecting
TT1.
chare The resultin g 'deflagration blew off the cap
Flour
andi forted thle- leaflets out the nose. TIotal weight of
Na chloride
grenade 9 o ~ overall len'grh 5.7" and range 500 yd
Am chloride
(Ikef, " 11 kQ.)
*cylindrical
natlon
ItIll
7.5
50
95.0
7150
5.
9.
0.5
0.5
120
2.
20
.
7.
5.0
6.0o
5.0
-
5.0
Magnesite
FTrauxi Ter-t, cc
325
S57
LNG P OJsI E
b~y the
References:
R-Mie
uderLann'.nenandals
4. Se
0(953),
inTM
195 2
p 2712.1
Paris
Ger 1(1
PIL
.1IPtL
~otsm
CKET
R44
WN
-Roe
LI#V* IN;
mm
H Aicmf
&ap
7 niH
Nub
ntFcv
CCLI
*NtO
ofw
f.p
IPAt.P
*LACI
OL
VENTURI
mmCOirerafi
210 m m
n
WEN
ltmi-
Roc/g
/
f,
Rockel
DM69,m
CE
L*ock
fLLA:. 7
7m
m
ke
-'I
1ck
HI
2/n,,
ui
Fulc
I. a CI "It
-ir 161
I
'xix
V)
d1itr iii
3,
1 FiCL
lix(I
e) I iicxlRock
1) Lol
ka
fip,~
g)
urhliit)
l*-21%
anid
F-5
f)I.cke
Vv~n12)
I)
(.-il
I 8-i
xi~iii', p 2'))findler
ets I s'3and MI 2 118 fRet 1, 1, 200()
RI'kx
-t
Rt3
I9 3
il ider
Btomb
LW
PC
40(0
Ill)
~~3-
W.;Sj,
IM*~,
Rocket i-ower Plants
and. ( . xx'tructed by "AaIcer Vierke, Kiel
11
F.j.lE ixig & M.M.Mills, (1UOF
1-131 (3945), Ramiet
and, Rocket VAorks Ileverte
11.3
(30i
,Ci)
2-Sf,
19-15). Pyrotechnic AntipathDelivices (Includles dlescription of pyrotechnic roc .ets:
I Ciii IfSS(., IS CxiiR(I,(S uand I cm, Smoke Rocket)
1n
13) A. tC.MvintI tic19 S 12-1Il (1945), 21 c ir RLG
i
Rtoc ket
~Desiglnd
i:X ( Ref
lae
BALLISTIC CAP
a)28O(1jj
1,1II E Rocket (spin-stalxilized) (Ref 3, p 250)ti
V) 10t) mill Ill: ROck-cc (spiin-staLa lizedl (R-f A. " 251)
w) 320 min Incendiar
Roxcket (spin-;%tallilizt..i) (Ref 3,
X) 38(1mxxin
lIIF Rocket (spiti-stabl~i zed ) (Ref 3, 1, 254i)
V) I 100( liOSAir-tx-ir Rocket 'Ref 3, p125%)
A1I ,re-vi axi oxxs:, HE li14:1i explosive; HOC lIml low charge
(See also tluidcd Missiles).
Referelicts:
I ) A.lDucrorit, I.-s Atiaes -;ecrvte-I
Allenmandes,
lierger-FUZ
,a-,vrau lF, IParis (191V)
I'l
pp1I, i0- I/i
2)
*.tett
xaclier.Spren g- un ,] cliiesstiofe, Rasclier, Adrich
(19-8).
I,
.3) D~ept ei the Arm y Trecl Manual IAM
9- i)1,,93pp~
ERCUSSION
GAINE
OCKET PROELN
CHARGEc,
CAG
SPLINE
OAIG
AN
Th
folwn
rcktaste
pojtisaebify
Tu
folwn
cke-axitd
rociesae
iey
described in I'm 9-1985-.3 (195 '3), pp 509-10 and 527-8:
a) 150 mmi Projectile (15 cmn RGr 19) weighxed 99.5 Ilb
and was fired from the hleavy Field Howitzer 18 (15 cmi
(;cr 10(4
sl
8.Iscartridge case
Ri of IIIuar diehyleneglycol
contained
.sm-fxd
I'..~.*.
dim crate ye
* propellant
h) 280 mm Projectile (28 cm RGr 4131) weighed (withoth Rockwat iGun~,fu8e)
5464, lb ~ind was fired from
the
al ay
un
2 cm K 5(l.)
.Its
Propellentw
I,'L'*ws
41 I of double-base
'proIpellant ,and the
* l~r~,t
ws 3~4
ngchare
l of nknwn ik.
he sell
was provided with ai rocket ignition fuze (ZI/.
S/30)
lhicht Iuct
dafe19ecnstigieteokt
pIN e.anctianed withr two fuens
to.' ignite
aidroktw
I1T
boosters (/ZZdlg c/Np whhintae
te
bursting charge on impact
SC~
Iti (:tS Rept 30-115 (1945), pp126-27 and enclosure
20 are biriefly dlescri bed the Rocket Assistec
TakeOf nits, designated as 111203 aend RI1209.
Ott 1~then
The follc. 'ng %]nrclassified Picatinny Arsenal
Tcnical Rttports describe sonme rocket-assisted shells which
were-exarnined during %V11.
.1) A.II.Schillirut. 1:604 (1946), 105min Rocket-Assisted,
Ilk
2)"A.13.Schilling, 1605 (1946,), l05 mat Rocket-Assisted.
* )A.II.Schiliing, 1606 ( 1946), 128 met Rocket-Assisted, Ill.
lIIE
I)~~ i1)4
107(
~ (94)9 ~
6,Smn
~ ~ -sitd
4)A..chhig
~l
HEIShlig
10mnRocket-sitd
*5)
A.lI.Schillinp, 1608 (1946), 150mmni
Rocket Assisted, ill;
* )A. 14Schi.lling, 1609 U(194), 150 mm Rtocket-Assisted,llIlE
7)
160
A13.chilhi,
(946,
10mmRockt-AsisedAl'In
7)160
AB.Shiling
(940. 10 mn Iockt-AsisedAll
PLUG
~~~
(lt-
cretes
containnd
r0ocket
were
inerted in.
thestaeel
ahpng
cae
otiigrceswr
netdi
i rue
n
thcn, when ready to fire, the crew
(seven men per each
launcher) took covet in two slit trenches
to
the
rear
of
t le right side of the weapon and one of
the nuien fired a
w ithi
thme above
Llaunchers, the- Germuans in 19,12 introduced a quicker
firing
weapon called the 15 -cm Ponzerwerfer 42
(ISO mmnantitank thrower 412). It consisted of two banks
of IS cm
bank) mounted on amnarmored half-track. Since
the crew
'~~.did
no ered
nel
to lancingsi tubnces,(with
intevhceinstead,
coulds
coach
b i takocescol
ed ink
overha
faster th-an from the Nebielwerfer .11.
According to TM.\9-1985-2 (1951), p 191, minulti6arrel
01c~tv GNITE*projectors carrying
upl to .12 rutmkel iounds
by the (,ermnans to effect aI greater rate- of were dc..eloped
fire. Reloading;
of these projectors was carried out mechanically.
Th~e same TM 9-1985-2 mentions or briefly
*leqsrilbes
the following rocket launchers used during UU.
I[:*
11
9aL C r e l I P A C 1,1 2
) A t wo -a rmed c r ;,dIl c ~ e l m . hIe
d mir s si~ le( 1 0 17
(lis 297) Schtnetterling rocket -lropelldm
s I p21
rocket
~
~
~
oktpoeln
A
rail
~
gie.lzigtefih
type
lgtterce
launcher,
h
~
okt
b)
6.0
en,
~
long
(hong
~
on the carrier
was ignited and when the bomb hit the target the impact
arrat forelan
theter
Iuris
2h
98
missile
ic)at
(p 20S;)ue.o
An inlied
r
raptpIluce
initiated the fuze. After a short delay
teIur
(for penetration
lleF5 oktpoe
e uddnisl
p2S
purp
ng ses
c urg 't wa
e bderstona ed.d)
A launcher for the Great Enzian rocket consisted
*Rocket Bullet. 'According to CIOS Rept
of two iron ra~ls 6.H in lon*-. mounted on
33-20 ( 1946),
atst~aidard
88 mm gun carriage (p ?29))
pp '6, 6,A & 7, a 9 mm rn
ockeet missile was under developmenI
during WULI!cby the D~eutsche
c)A snl-uetp
Waffen- und Munitionsfabriken
lachr(otgdwre)
for7.A m
s uingle-rube
A-G I Lubeck. A drawing is enclosed in CIOS
tye lance
(prop2ondaArf4r
Rept 33-20
f)A3-rnelucr
for 7.3 Fhqht
cm (Raketen-aae4
31
kbut no description given.
sprenggranate (p 235)
Rocket Launcher or Projector (Raketenwurimasc..oc
g) A niultiple-framre g~round launcher (Roketen
oder
werfer) for 8 cm. Rake tellsprenggranate (p 237) Vielfach.
partment, Washington, DC , vol 3, No 7,
March 1945,
R Ag M42 f'!or the 86 mmnflare rocket (R
Lg 1000J) or
pp 1-9,
e~ first German rocket launchers were Schiweres
wire rocket (RI(g 1000) (p 240)
Wrgrt40 (he'av) throwing Iapparatus
and Sehiweres
i) A single tube, two-wheel launchitr (8.8 cmt
Wurfgf~rat 41. Each oftemcud fire 40)
280 mmnor
Weif em43) for -he 88 nir hollow charge rocket, Roketen*320 mmnrockets weighing 180 and 196 lb either
designated
respectively. The
as 8.8 cm It I'zlhGr 4322 (Raketen l'inzerbuchse
300 mmnHE rocket also could be fired from
G.rannte)
launchers.
(p 245)
'The SWIG 40 launcher consisted of athese
wooden frame
j) A single-baffeled launcher designated ats 21 cm
(Wur'esell40)on
hic wee pace wodenshiping
R Ag M42, with a barrel 1.12 mnin
crates containing 'rockets. The frame was
used for thme
inclined at
210 mm rocket deinae 21 cm RI1.. length,
(p 259)
greater
the accuracy of
fire of the r-clets thme(ietmans mounted the
steel frames
o!teurgrt41
ntw-eldckrie;wthnuitc
tires. The resulting weapons were called 28/32 cmeNobel.
rI
LIL,
(Ak'&L,6,-w, xodjj
___
launchlT&
___
___
k
___
___
0c
Lo
RCCA(2t
of-M-
ce7?7, C' 6
lie
L-K
au
Ponzer
A
L
WIR
3'10,N~/cre-/
oI
5i
n?
-weAer
(ser
k fur
fran,, launching stand 1k urfrer~it)
1
. N1 nie IIE rocket (Q8 cmn %t1k Sipr) (1, 251).
k It
i'
tilde
for
tive
Iia
~eaponsi
R ePt 29-
Rocket
~sT
Rocke Prot.,
sdb)e
ont..tsctmrdmm~,to
11 ru',
i
2t
itCmecntrated
Ottthrin
ziai:
:* Ili uuitrsi'.-
nitric
~y
tilt- It*fln
aitr.vl
st
Iilt,
lime larger
consistitig
1lO.*
hl~1 s
rs.''tres~lm
2.fcetv
cientl
horce
t
*
was
Was suri
Kc~onnectd
*'
L,.l
xgnsre
~WERanihimnt,
ALUMN
BAND
*
oxygen
V-I Rocket
In addition to theqp, flip fnliiswio-.
!;Uhstances were
PLA Ti
osophical Library, N Y
BODY
1)
IUI!.9
IOWiTEF~BIG
(1952), pp 112-127
~.D'
~
METAL oisc
In order to
Rocket Propellant . Inhlibiting Coating.
ptroparce Li stick of propelhant so that it Would bum from
an end and not on the'sides, the claim was made that it
~as sufficient to coverr the "sides of each stick by dipping
It tw iCe rinto a speciall complosition developed at the
Diineberg f.abr~ik of the IDynamit A -G.This composition
con sisted of: polyvinylacetate 2S, ithoisori (Znls+ BaS;O 4
W.,methylacryhate 5 and water 40'%.
J.6.1Tselinlcel,
SRocet
II
Tnble 53
Proptilants, Solid
________Rocket
Fom
SI1
NC
12.0
02.5
SI
87
L)1.GIN I
IN
________
330
12.7
*84.1
1 2..
35.3
Acair
Gftn-w
.2
0.1
(:incr)
0.2
0.8
2.4
5.3
0.9
12.7
12.17
W)8.2
Cent
U.I
(incor)
her Ingredients
Et 1h ret
III 'b!ret
Vitac
tI'h11rct
Di)Phret
IUnaic
l~hA
Un~sc
CO.
59.6.
12.5
12.0
CA
4.7
1).Ph I I)hre.,
-1.
2,9.3
0.2
Ue
(incor) DI)1hUrrt
IUn.tc2.
0.1
FtPhl ret
DIPhUret
(T i(if IIa
SO11
I .A
3.0
7s mm I eaflet
Rorket
3.5
1.3
jet Assisted
0.91
Table 55
Abbreviations: AcarAcardite: Cent Ce~nt:alite; Cyl Cylinder;
Burning R:,t 0i the iet-Assisted-lTake-Off-Unit Propellant
DEGDN l)ietltyle-nel-,ycoldiinirraite; DPhA lDipheny lamine;
Tm C -Pressure
in psi
DPhUrea
lDinhenylurea;
DPh'Jret
lDiphenylIurethan e;
Tem00
1000
50()
2U000
3000
30
EtPhUre~t Ediylpiihenyluredhane; HE Hfigh exrlosive; ;near
Incorporated; N Nitrogen; NC N'itrocellulose; NG Nitro-25
0.1l1
0.18
0.25
0.33
0.43
0.48
' glycerin; psi pounds per square inch; Unoc Unaccounted.
I 50
0.22
0.2"
0.39
0).47 1
0.591 0.6t~
Notes'.I
a) Thc composition of the German 150 min rockei propellant
containing NG does not I'represent a nyth ing new except
According to Ref 4,. the Reinsdorf Fanbrik W A S A -G;
'tie combination of several stabilizing agents. The same
manadactured diiring UV If several types of rocket piocombination was iioted in rocket propellants containing
pellants.Their compositions are given in Table 56
Dl*GDhil
th charcterstic of the German rocket proToble 56
pellants containing l)EGI)N are of interest, they showRoktroeansSliofWASAnothinug that is new as far as the composition is concefrned.
Components and
UDesignatic,n
T~he 210 mm tricket propellant w~as made from NC. with a
somer properties
H6
R
/n135 Z193 Z167
viscosity of, 5.18 paises at 250t, which was plasticized
L .
.
11th DEGiDN 'and roled into a sheet. This itunws
Nroelos(C)59.80
57.70 49.10 61.25 54.90
rolied into a "carpet". which was extruded through a hot
%N
nNC1.
12.5
27 l2~1.
die to give a single-perforated cylinder. it seems that
a small amount of camnauba wax was used as a lubricant
Di ethyl eneglycol dinitratc
35.30 38.00 130.00
16.35
to facilitate extrusion
(DEGDN)
c) Combinations of disubstituted urethanes with .Pither
Tiicthyleneglycel dinjirate
.22.60
centralite or acardite (asym diphenylurea) were *used as
MTUMN
stabilizers because i t was believed that mixtures are
20.00 6.00 6.00
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
more effective than single stabilizers such as DPhA. To
this may be added that, accordin
to NI.Tonegutti L S
(PETN)
.32, 3102 (1937)], th disubstitutek urethanes are very
Ethylphenyl urethane
1.10.
.
good stabilizers frdul-aepropellants, especially
Diphcnylureihane
0.80
when used in combination with acardite, while without
Dibutylplithalt
3.0
the latter they are much less effective.slt.0
* 'Acardite
I ,CO(NH 2 )N(C8 11) 2
0.30 0.50 0.75 0.50 0.5C
1.10
Graphite
O
1!Note: Some rocket Propellants and ijgniters analyzed'
at Pic..tirnny Aisenal tire listed under Propellants(Se
ansimod
02
9.0
.0
Tabl es 43, 4445b and 48).
IG Farben Wax E
0.35
Potassium nitrate
0.60
.
*
Table 54
L.ignin
.
.
0.75
burntn? Ka tr of 210 mm Rocket Propellant
Ilydrocellulose
2.50
.
0.75
* (,Inches per second)
Tianitiotolucne (TNT)
.
3.00 12.50
Temp'
50
.2
.Oxygen
ti3
Pressure insi
50
50
0.5
073
4500
Dinitrotoluene (DNT)
Moisture (not included in total)
09
Balance, %
Calorific Value kcal/kg
Titanium oxide MTO)-
11.00 0.65
1.00
.7.111-7.91
80k
87
10711
4.50
i.00
9.00
0.90
0. 11 - 9.3 1 -9.94
6
2
"1t41t
tl\,
I I0
\it.& liI
~).Ih~I
IRept I I S'44
~ ~ ~
\IA.I
01\
pI
'rplan
(.apure
ot %1)1ut , Diav
* . ect It.
Fill
aRea {IpK , Series
N *.~
II twli.sifitrfl a"i~t~) Y"-605
J.1Ji
An.I
.iiaaka
Rocket Sicjnta
,1.'ha , k'
...r
tit ,it
Injusti~i, 57,
C iii
I v.
ii
10(.1
1. 1
.~
32,
~V ov~y
~ Popelane
th boy.
I,
Acul'wih a
p' t.
FUZE
GAI
~94)r
AN
S" t I
imkdl.r
WELDS
....,.. ..
'i.*.aBOSE
'.;.
r Stidic r.,.-Je1
'S
H
rixhded proIvctilv arvate ns ri Xd ian T
19s-5:10:
I! i&
a) 1.7 cm Sticlgrannte *il used in the Antitank IOun,
(l'ao-?~.e-kvehrkatnone .11) consistedI
c..' PmIak il
R o dd ea Romib
''
SECONDARY
FINS
FUJZE
AIR
*
SPACE
-3~.
I.
ITAIL
~~~FN
BURSTING
CHARGEE
f.
HOLE
FIN~k IN9.
I
10.
ue(d
a oehz A~57)adabs
The tail portion of die projectile. consisted of a rad
which fitted into the bore of the gun, and a concentric
*perforatird sleeve which fitted over the barrel of the gun.
Tubular double-base NC-NG propellant (NgIRP), 6.61 oz.
enclosed in a cartridge came, closed by two cork discs,
vias used as the propellant. Total weight of projectile
18.26 lb and overaD length 27.362"
(RP)
(Tubular
Propel lant). A
propellant
;Li'~
~ U .intl
h esa
o .[ it(,,
(os,Ni.
t
And*(Rt'
n INNI
eta?i)
C oltr
loi o nt
. , K lI d t d i
.
VV-tlal ING
I t ul Culo~.
0 t'. cLt~u
rtIeL
.
h ti c~rlbo iait. o ,*,. grap h it.. U
0
id
2,
t r
c
It
t -i'ra11tieliTrom. (ifm
A tvimp of 70-M80 waS us~ed fort ltl:(I.,)N
Powders.('11.,
prods it ing was1HCi
0nn'ie o
a S k
h . . O* w
n
of 11-oistur. - w as allow e 'l
1
2 -2%').1
t-i rI'majin in cannon propellantn.. It. '"'"ol
r
ing shet-r w as%
*o
2-4
N
(Li
_,
Criiiii'
L
IZ
li i
VOOL
14 brss mandlrel a bout I 1A,/
1iltiL
Nsheet
lite
could alaib'
Isl (sed
t he prepara tion of
0.1is u i
n
I~ f 2
tri nm c-l t ropusehiz
a ns.
u n ol. 'Ie'tu
i n s o
d 'i i d~
t"
~'
l e 2,
bricatrue
i
tfollo
.~
* It
1)51
*(i~i~'t~sli~s~.\iiostrand,
RobenulerC
2
.. 32)
(ii('la
ta~ianed:
VI
NC
n.i
itrate 0).56,
\\ .Is llse'd
in
i,-1.76,
graphite
). 0
rs. u Tin
i thCu re oll n
.5 .tiickh.dc
wh l
l
extrudsdio
tilt-
K c
n sh p ul
is
st ll.;.
int mconiatedy
t
atn
.iextrude
piiiliryofpeloi.Plantscnaie
Refere'nce:
fix ed artill~ery
il
N Y jJ9l9),
popllatpaten
rop. ue
1I1It
n(S
4 111111
Rohtri. Uerisin
designation for Crude Trinitrotolue~ne.
R41irenpulver 'C/38 (Rl'(:; 3). (lubl'lar propeilauit
pattern
Romperit I (Romperite I ). A mining explosive conig
1)Il). Acconli ng to the( SManilil entCit led:
alp,'erinal Art illecry
proxi mately, Arl nitrate 80, IN ; with nit rog y col
At to10;
cdt iie and I Lzes ,pulisi ded duirin 51I,(~*Ct
UU If
AElieAbrdeecn
Cle rest living
p *N 1, auiiiunum and othe r iiigr-'Jjen Cs.
IrovinF 6rirund, Mld, P) l8i, COe I(
.M di
ReferencCe:a
* isd in 15(0 miniil 11
roj -eeC i,
1, *.;5aIlii
era long, wi Cl
I
c i
pointC deton atingp fuzse uinde r ballis t ic call.
Although the
1.1dl lC
adbcI
e
ee Iicie
pcg cu i
comp111))51ion is rinot gi ver' in the a lov e manuoilI,
itC is safe
C. MariioId, 11.111/Saa Ic, (1953), p) 37.
Is.uI~etat 'iwlt? (l:/1Hwit one of the dictliylcne-glycol-.
(Se -list) DonarjC and ttclatinC-RomperiC).
kPros
*~; Iuve>Rotlerende
1,Rohlitlvermlassie
Paste).
.
T[his
Trammel
See
"Rotrami
toshi
or
onvniet liuid
xplsivs,
11.';
ottnan (E-cilelN=1.10to
colodon
the lan
totheD~neitrp
tobe urid fr
For
s etlmes propnla's
te
.'lteslrry
hentranferocd
ws
rb
Wherf te
th mis
waer ontnt
reultng
U'lpuverass
"ws piced
-13.11
1.41).
ste was
A.Stettliacher.Spreng- und
cetrfue
als
uner
ropellants, Artillery).
hrenpulver Construktion
1).Atblrpo
pllut
itrouce
in1932 for use in the 150
Nteval
Gun (15 cm SK), 150 mm Gun in Mortar Mount (15 mmn
cm K ins
kflrsLaf), 170 mmn Railroad bun I5 cat M(E) and in some
runs. Its approximate composition wats: NC 6m4.7,
NG 26.9, ethyl centralite 5.7, Na nitrate 0,6,
graphite 0.2
and volatile matter I.9;,.
Reference: TNI 9-1985-1 (1953), lpp 5(.1-516.
n rbbe-lied
* ecevedat
Wen line
te rquied
unier
risorid
bashean
t lan,
thel~neber
tr
plnt.othcr
When'reeivd
a 'th
plnttherequred,
nmbe of
bagswer empiedintolare
drms.Afte th conent of
the agswerebled,
o th. mxtue wa
trnsfrredto ile
preeatd Wrne-13fleiderer kneaders. 'rhe other ingredients
ofprohelate
for
te
nitic
apparatus
pepaatin
k
Vor he repr ofRolpulvrnisseabou
2$0 1, oi
10 mnuts wih
10wter.Abot
kgof
D~rumi). Ani
p '
i ad maufaturng
ntri esers
C
Fo'r nstnce th KrmmelFalrikof
) A-(;manfacure
NCandorgnicaci
not'saf
general
(Rotating
akaer1 ')
R.alzI-Salt) deskcrilbcd ill ill, gettttal Section ais Cyclo.R-S;iIzwsposeas
l
ngde
ftricicethiylenetr i'ai tro sam aie,
%Was pre p,
ill( iveri a it %, by
111 it-sts. . wre
da
l
ngr ito
16-iotc'r vi , i 1w trvll ing Iic~actyccaeltrtaiinae Ocexamaine)
Tlable 57 lasts the~sec. xpl)oives
%wi!llSoldiuma nitrite ina acid solutionl.
fexoiv
xlsv
Table 57
_________
~R-S;'lt
________
E.xplosives
___________
atag
5(o.0
57
36.5
2.5
1.0
40.0
20.0
-
96.5
36.0
40.0
1.0
-
1.0
50. 0
.I.ac
Ia
1.5
92
1.65
7(,nnlI
TNT
more
*~~~~I~s
94
95
1.64
.1.77
Cyclotol
n
t4
40/60
Amaral
4
6100
40/60
Amnatol
4
*Nttes
.a),IIl is Ileso~eln (RON)) phiegmatized with 5'
Mtontan wax
16ort
G.Itaa'r
t
Refewnce
H5,l00 (1916), pp 3-15.
or
I..(
)1.55
7850)
95
1.74
7750
4 0/60
Amnatol
'm7n
,;atisfactory stability for all explosives
No exudation for alny of the explosives
(;Lvttktea
'.igtnal
Hoc,vat
-wheainaselus!,gcrit 0I.
Attiaalainer
ot t~ ai
.tadalsoin
t-~. (1 tS.
I )e its S Hpt
s I1112a
cc
Se lia~andi I r v
~t
~'
~softer
a
t
cdvIa
Itaaai-i.arisi
R Z 73 taIight" A
r(
1911 ab- cotnvert in g a.a A rmly rockl~et. It usfcd ia sladi
pellatnt anad couald Ibe C~oasidtcred ias tilt- prcdlctestir of
R4MSome
I )t'.alcflltltlt of tiae Guidedl MissilIe,
Retenlee:
.(u.,:$tt
"x'light" Puaalicactaion, L.ondaon (19.52), p' 122-1le
~Ual,
*R Z.
Saccoke
Cartridges.
Svc
111.!cr
Snno'.v C.cllponititalo
1xploives,
P It!.
R(p
's.References:
[)~ic
.~la
R SS6
40.0) (11
20.0
2.Is
1;TelC
(
40.5
2.5
1.0
36.5
2.5
1.0
50.0
0.0
--
(ilu
f IDetonl, mi sec
46.5
2.5
1.0
50.0
of Mixtures:
_4
It - Salz
2laeaat lre ne
I ) 'lcityaa1am ite
I"OtN (Ikxogen)
Al~iainuaua pav-der
K nitrate
llint-imervlethvie-nedinitr..maine
__________
onpiton ,(;
~e
a.
pa as a'a to tll(-
I~riwijv
I(at
a'rc''.ts ca
til,
cclI
4, rpt 1 ttin gO~
11. Ur~je
-U(- %WthltLit A
andl then tn
bcae
Safety Jelly Dynamite. Onre taf ctet kpcdta Iccrt'ais.itaie explosivcs: NG 12.25,
collod cotton 1.25, glue-glyceriatdextria jelly 91.(aI, r.ye fliacar 18.001, Acc nitrate, 22.60,
Na nitrate 10.801 anadK' elalride 5.50'%.
Reference: lt.Naotual, Nitrocglycerina, lialtimore (IQt2)
17
It cfereaites:
) ,10
Rpt2en1
p2
3ali
U j~.
j.
l/Si/C
Ar~nor~j~rc
Rvferenceu A. Mor
4~~~Oi~scardtri
Salpectefs'cure.
so of-
1 ha
l. Exle5-lt5i eq
.Nir.Xi.
5S'roer-Bredt
-Ic'rnent ~:?suplersontic
~tiltd
rlna
* I
* /
~y
~'~
even
4t
ck/7laPttiIcalone
PDr'ojcc ics
FU
Aliding
lli It(.
It
wats
lpresuiutd
that
this
mtethod
Di
Sarin.
ze
Satz,~rchen . An
igniter
contg
inixtute
compressed
of
(1 0tpropellants:
L
nn
'
'~2'Iduring
CIf~5
Liur
fn
9
N,
.S'imenknetmoschine
extender
of
tiitrtcompotuini
whicht
Schiess1baumwOallC
See- Sieswo~lle.
were
not
available
~s
/~~),1'/..
,1,,/hor
c.alIlijiumis
I( I~losives,
such
expLI
its
jI)
-
hunlirii,
i.stt#p etc.
was in thait -;3tiisichii-i
Btraun-
Sclilebuseli,
Thisphot
is ay ourtsy
Prvng (,round, Maryl and.
Abedem
Sichiciwolle
118 odei
TSMV 1.10O1
under I iiitem-rs
.--
t-xI.l,
.Aui
-v
Schnellmine.
ti-.r-
iv'e vrilwda
taniir
vl2 si-iartiAl powderil..
iphn
as TNT 0,Iti (exan it)i trod
I pit
h
rp-Joesdet Iaiaa'.tmeaito
inT sea, inae%~ani-.
usf
an
andsa as mnt-.
sedin tarpeoes deth ltanhasand
underwater demolition~ela.~-~
Refernces:consisted
I) A.Settbacai~rProtar9.
1-i il
~o4
xplrorvr
(ro-in (1943),
9,rde
2 .uaur
3)Aied an(1n946)osvshede
lr~n
(rud
J ) A.tctcirprn-ndSistffasfrZih
*(1948),
p 78.
*SchaoogWeite.
'dIhertraguang:.
Ii.
~ ~1
(Striking
Distane).
Same
as D~etonations-
A246 bce,
Scn
stataneous
Such
See
Panzerschnellinine
under
Landminen.
rlzitx
der (Quick Time Igniter), called also InFuse and Quickmateh. Sajnne German igniters,
(19'6), p 229.
Schnarkel otter Schn!grkel (Miisspelled North-German word
Snorkel oder Snort, meaning Nose). *Fle D~utcha had fitted
their submarinets with an air intake back in 19-t0, and the
Germans miodified the device and called it Schn~rkel.
It
oh a tube (about a dozen tatters long), one end
which was connected to submarine Dieselswhlte
other end protruded above the surface of the water. The
1
tuf e was divided lengthwise inro two compartments - one
for suction of air from the outside and the other for remoiovng the gases of combustion of the Diesl.Tisdvc
taeriniitred the submarine to operate its Diesels while
remaining in the submerged condition. In case of danger,
the Schno~rkel
folded
horizontally and the submarine
submerged to a depth of as much as 200 mn(or even 400 m
as was reported for the Submarine 21). As the material
of the Schni~rkel waa:. useially non-metallic, it could not
be detected by radar.
I-ttbceShis_
ue to the tact that the Schnorkel
used during WW if
Get 173
lheterences:
Armes Secr~res Allemandes, Paris
1) A.lDucrocq ,Les
0 1.7), pp 20-24
2) ll.Schaeffer, U-Boat 997, Norton, N Y (1950), pp 182-3.
Schopper.Riegler Test. According to Sheldon (Ref 1) this
iteat was used in Germnany to determine the suitability of
crepe paper intended for thle rmanufacture ef nitrocellulose.
The~ Sclijopper-Riegler Tester was; originally introduced into
the paper industry to determine the freeness (slowness)
of the wood pulp. The tester operate.%on the same principles
)
reesTetr(e
Rs tefeece ndastn:r
I) 1..Sheldo'i, 11lH Itpt 12,602 (1945)
2) J.N Stephenson, lidit, Preparation and Treatment of WAood
Pulp, %.1c(irawll1ill, N Y' vol 1 (19501), op- 94l', )51 & 955
(See also Freeness and Its Tesring,in tie general section).
ShiisOeo
h adMns
e
ne
.Seunr
27ne
Rcr~ieOncefl of98- (193) pan
p28
eeec:M91952
Schuss Gg P-40.
liollow charge rifle grenade described
ni IM t)9-1995-2 (9i3), pp 117-8. (See also under Rifle
Grenades).
Sch~itzenmine. Same as Schdinine,
Skwrulr(lcklwdr.mosiopcaatnad
properties of black powders are given in the general section.
Table 58 lists some German military and commercial
black powders
Table 59
Black Powder
DesgariK
ni-
Pulver (Schultze Propellant). A smokeless propellant prefid,about 186(5r by Major Schultze of the Prussian
*Artillery, bilynitrating purified (de-,esinated) cwd (in the
form of small square-cut pieces), followed by washing and
biigthe resulting Nitrolignose with water and then
drying. After this the grains were Imp~regnated with a
a concentrated solution of saltpeter .with or without iim
ni trate,ard dried again.'Rfrees
*Although this propellant was appreciably slower b~urning
than 'earlier, smokeless propellants cons~inting of straight
*compressed 'nitrocotton (tu~suias Von [.tnik IPropellant),
it was' still too quick for use in rifles, although quite
suitable for shotguns.pp9-1
Schultze propellant was manufactured not only . i
Germany but also' *in P.ngland (1868) and Austria (1870)1
but it did no't achieve any success until it was modified
in E~ngland by Griffiths andi in Austria by Volkmann. The
Austrian propellanit was made by partly gelatinizing the
Schultze propellant 'with a mixture of ether-alrohol and it
became. known as Collodin. The British modifications
beginning in 1883 contained nitrated wood pulp instead
of previously used nitrated wood. The composition of the
Brit ish sporting Schultze propellant is given in Marshall
(Ref 1, P1327).
Th er Comp ositioni 'of G ierman Schultze propellant given
*by Branswig (Ref 2) was as follows: coltodion cotto n 40,
ntrae 10 vaelin 8,moisure1.5 and
nd
gucto 40n guncrton40,Ba
gelatinizer o:.fire
Refreces
.Minenwerfer.
4
1) A.Marshall, Explosives, London v 1 (1917), pp 7& 327
'igI~sra uchlo .se Pulver, Berliti(1926), p 134.
2) I.ru~s
.
adze
adin
Geshiitzpulver, PPC/75
(Cannon propellant 1875)
Mlilitir-Gewelitpulver 71
(Military rifle propellant 1871)
Militiirpulver (current)
Marine Geschlt?. Pulver
*ay(lnndr
J-,gdpulIver (Ilunting,or
I sporting powder)
Sprengpulver (Blasting powder)
manufd by the Pulverfabrik
Spandau
.0
Blasting powder
Blsigpwe376l.0
Char-
Sulfur
tae
ca
74.0
16.0
10.0
76.0
15.0
9.0
10.0
75.0
15.0
75.0
16.0,
9.0
78.5
11.5
10.0
65.0
70.0
74.0
66.0
65.0
(Na nitrate)
20.0
16.0
16.0
21.5
18.0
15.0
14.0
10.0
12.5
17.0
140
0.
Ieech charcoal
B
caires hIxpoieNmr(i))
1) Gody~, *Prait des
2) it. Escales, Sclwarrpulver, Lcipzig (1914), pp 160,169 & 353
3) A.Steltbacher, Schiess- und Sprengstoffe, Leipzi,;(l')13),
4) IE.Sancho, Quirmica de los E~xplosivor, Madrid
(1942),
pp 277-9
cer
peg udShestfe
pp A8-.SttbceSrn.udSheaof,
p 89
14)
11)
aic
rc
;nSiuilavy
diescri .ix,
~I)V.
2',
1) J.l ).iiil,
iDictionnikire de s Matiere% E~xplos ives. Paris
'li1902). 1,1, 710-12
2) L.U.oidy, Iraiti* des Ma;tiZ-r. % Exlosive%, Nainur (1 902,,
EA 'ver,
j.)
I I ighI 1:x plos ivt s,*Lounilo
( 91),
4 ) V.M.Turner, !:Ait,
(on-.1csed
Cheteic- i,
IL inhlo,I, N Y 019Q),1,p 29)1.
See StLui
Securophore .Set-
Ic v itees:
Seuohr
ecuroplutrc). A
iaiid in Getrmny~n~prior to
.I
';ckuropltor
ty pt
of
mining
p, 1-11
t).Lionary,
exploisive
jut
electric
aiIlow eul
as Inuch as. )0 or 60 ra. 'Ibis Wa-as anl
Itit lI )u %wivi rct eit,
t ffective w.eal oin which could .14) conside'rablel
daniage if
used in latrge numibers.
In addition to the Svethiund thierte were two othetr moitdels
(if pock-et, submarines both PrOpt.I-He
by ekectricity. Olew
one, slightly. larger than the Sechund. wats call~ed Motch
(s anlaild Ci), whi ii e the ot her cons iderabi y smnaller, was
called Biker (becaver).
iR
Ieference:
A .lucrocq, L~es Arnis Set retes Allent i'des, Paiti
pp
MC~.)
Table 60
______
ScUohr
Comiponents
An n~,t rate
Ilanitrate
K nitrate
NG
27.01 24 .6
Collod cotton
Sehacic acid or its salts
1.
0.9
12.5011.
Na chloride
Rye flour
1 0.0
9.
9.01
3.5
3.2
Liquid hydrocarbon
Na carbonate
or bicarbonate
1.0
.6 34.0
36.4
25.0
-
4.
40.00
3 8.5
References:
1) L..d Tarydes Mlatit-res E~xplosives, Namnur (1902),
lip - 11-71 1
2 ) A. Marhat ll * Ixi's
s ivte, London.n v 1 (1 917), 1, 176.
nldlcmresd1
occasionllyue
nitontnniol
A ypeofminng
n
e
bsedon
xplsie
ut(Securite). Atpofmnnexlsvbadon
. i . no r dnitobeizeesmixd
wth n oidier
uchas
ith an8 oxy FSuch
e
asweg
mono or dinitroberipaentsmied ab
Am ptetedabot
r Knirat,
886by
.Sitinewg.
Table 50 lists soescrtssteel
t
Table 59
___________center.
-Secrite
T-opnet
3
Cor'onnt
Am
2irt
Am ntrae
K nitrate I74.5
MNBNwith m-DNI3
m-inDNB
Ant oxalate
Nitrocellulose
77'.7
-
25.5
19.4
2.9
-O-
37.05-housping,
370
-If
34.0
81.8
18.9
29,0
7.
15.2
-
3.0
-
10.6
3ig Disc
n.
"fir're
PIur'sm.o
!
.A
Ptracer
f-iun~eL
ijze 8 od
I.,
t/o
L eeitiJ-burning
Ofti
Plinu siio
sroiv< S
Aoe~
Pemm.?o
lit7A-imer
e
PPellet
eta
)%f\
NeatP~sefL
M ft:0
/
*11
Trce
uffpovwder
Afild(Oa
npand
stpu
-~
eeel
Caps bdi
~'HC
H~~iny
b~<
AP/
4de~r)2
-Ed/ion
15%, whe:eas the pistol powder contained nitrocelluloseDfrafo
with an ignition temperature of 1600. The bullet was
self-destroyed (at 500-600 mn range), bees
h
et
to~pe
Oroduped by the zburning of the lest portion of tracer corn/ fl
small charge of pistol powder, which
ignited,
inpsition
turn set
off thea lIE
char h.c~~recmoiinwsIDoao
gnited by the p~ropellant in tge
Re ferne
I.PpMo
et al, CIOS Rept 33-20 (1945), pp 28-9.
/
.'
PtJCf
DiscsD
4es
to
B
nirt49and
phenol formgldehyde resin 1%), a
loose pistol powder (nitrocellulcse), a pressed pistol
powdee, a heat trana'itter, a tracer composition (two
Co,
4e.
P l/
Powd~er
at
to
le a7/i,3P.le
CO m
posii
/ ivf
Pr/'/T e-'r
TPte Cotrijcrr
Ilion
AlTcce-/,
W:b.1h
w itil~ N(
~open
1,1
.. ,,.
Le
ga:s
ilted
tC?-.
1 trcplt
etratCe
a 2to
0 fill"
arilitr
..
Ia ii li I"
.
be~1hind it. if rile sitell wa
ti
Tinn pe llet tv a t,t 'efd It r., It(.,I Is,
jI,
,I,
O la ger tfo
f
t
til
p ' i, tt i
l e s.
PiTN
t.tstlpele
sr
t
SV
.ijgiliterl by thle
Ile~itittj
st
Il.
Iii.i~
IWa [it-sr~rttdi
h sit~l I'
ta ist' tl,.tet
pis~to~l
lwe
i
11""~rO~F)!tt
KIetracetr C omlpa;red w
itli IleSI!iI
tile diametertd.1li-tr
t* it tile
C)
I'r.
~lrd.I,'g::~if. f,
~~
~cti
l~tlrerce: c l~lepl~t.
i,
(105
Self-Ignitinlg Cushion.
i..~j
,*
ll
II
. 1*
tol,
lr,,dIuttct
rit
h
elIll.IIII)(i
s-e!
sel
I')iS)
1'
Shrapnel
M ine
(sclirrane~l p~ln
ne
IIIV tilt'
cilled
S 44,
s r
SF.
c pl.d
izen iiM
- are~ d
ts
tilled
11t -i th
,I I) t
)~ tilt, fa ic t Il~a t th e s e
t h t e h eig l it
q'
J
,, I
f e et )
iiitLi...k
. Bounding M'e
a b bretvilited
S -Mine
as
I-wo5- type
mlin e
r o Its Y
nesor, t
po
s i nt o
(xpuut.rLnlolne
he
Wr
Shrapnel
Projeirctile
fSchllapntellgr-Imite)
Only one such
po~jtc tilt.
iin. ly~l~.) tit
8.8 cm
rnae
rndShapcI
ILkdSherapneltf
(N18 imIn tendia
yStrp (95)
Gri
tnjCtie
is~i
fBr
anAd
98Projectil
9. The up'o
I.LCtrbdi
9-1%fof
jet t~ile tiii1ttt
AGus
tfh in steel shellofcnetfi1
lesgil tontatiiiiiig: 72 incendiary
pellets, it point dttoiiatiiig
SetIf.Propelled
(SP)
Gun
8
Sf!). e under Pa.hizer.
ttp
Mount
Slitatlftt
~()
88
y
b
c"i
i t 1r
e h h 80 0Ii mm
, u s ed' e f.
S ecv ;s e
by tlit
(,e r uu.
u
g
AIt
o the si ej~c Of
Stvatio
usilt%
Tlhe Atun fired anf F' Iton projectile with
nis~evelocitiy if 22001-24100 ft/secan
d o f d
hTb
mxmmrne.
ofnjls.9
Utz
Reference. :Pi
I)
I lt Rtfit 925 1()"t1, p 18
2) Abertdein l'rovirtg Ground,
Museum; private cOttiinunjcation,
Note: *Fhc proje 1cti le car h e seen
at the MIu~sum.
So C-eschos
.St
~e
ranate.
er
ont:
h 'e
tareed
by further polyiner.
ization of the plastic bond
by heating
'an oveti with a pattern' still rattached.for a short time
After removal
hrorn tile oiven, tile riolds
stripped from "the patterns.
lailr)d together in pairs were
in a box, backed
in
~e/s
ls
r~
with loose'
icasor or either porouis material,
and filled with molten
/ce
Mrfa-'
-
$~
e
f
Get 177
time fuze (ZtZS/30 kurz), an expelling charge (about 2 oz
of ostioleleas propellant) and a bursting charge (about
4 oz of iNT or Amatol and wax pressed pellets). The
pellets were filled with an incendiary composition consisting of Ba nit-rate, 48.0, Mg alloy 24.6, Al alloy 24.6
an~d.icid insoluble substances 2.8';.
Shrapnel Projectile, Russian. In addition to the previously
ilmentioned shrapnel projectile, the Germans ,during WW 11,
used the 76.2 mmnShrapnel Projectile, 42M, captured from
the Russians. T[he shell was filled with about 48 triangular
pieces of steel ,2.25-, long,whichi were ejected from the
nnstaby a steel forcing plate behivid which was a charge
of bla ck powder. The threads and thlt two retaining screws
Sicherheltssprengstoffe (Safety
plsv).Aurngc
Steltbaclher, Spreng- und Schie~saoffe (1948),
pp 86-7,
explosives under this nlame were allowed to be transported
by rail. They contained 70l-90!" Am nitrate and not mote~
than 4% NG, the remainder being wood meal, aromatic
nitrocompounds. etc. These explosives, known also as
Ammonsal peter sprengstaffea were pulverulent, very insensitive to impact, fairly stable and difficult to ignite.
An ex-tmple of su.:h explosives is Vlonarit. Most of the Sichr
isrngtfeaalOShgwtrihce(feo
use in coal mines contg firedamp).-.
(See Wetterspreagstoffe, pages 226 and 20)-2
and al so
Schlagwettersichere Sptengstoffe).
''
B;ass
Capf
42kl.
hr qbn/
tel0Cint~tfepowder
~K*
iurtn
Moich
of the collar were sheared by this action. The shell was
fired from Russian field guns 7.62 cm FK 296(r) and
7.62 cm FK 36(r).
Referencc: Anon. German Artillery Irjcie
anE ue,Ordnance Bomb Disposal Center, Aberdeen Proving Groundk
GrunA~ellet.
Pp
120-1.
Maryland (about 1945),
r'
7
.
S
*
.-
m
AA1x15ure~
/n
COTPnZ 0
C~et
dynamites.
i,01-
t/
j'/',h
t
________
BSOO
Ct'f
-K
Signel
~~~
Sg a
Hand
o-
.11tiirb
!I;;;
I%Itiel
ciigthl till
va~s
blaick powe
th"OCc~af .....
, a.,(d
to
SCwtgn
-as
e.i'li
c
tile Sa oki. illS KLre
'tnier
Cvar
co//oq
e:'U
Tub
ru
uk-WaLAher
ditiitmrcury
Iohiii~naite
wlbic
Ii jn i ted
thle
dent,~*
f7nfe;r Cup
I ,Fue
Wr4
W
ho
*,~
RedrSmbk Strg
,etr
Get 1'9
Wr
k1/..
1
i', &rh,-,)
S; 1VUi-Saprv,,stoffe
('ilcsi.a [.xl'iosvcs) were chlorate
c*s~I o~: V
.l~ts eIoped before '1W I bly the 0 bers ch les i sehe
--
!a.,f~,
~(~b~2'
ir'd~).
~A
-G~ fir
doe/y
Adpte'LP
9n4''
/~/n/.#r
lel
/II7r
Hol
-
Fabrikation
von
L~i1nose(Sheswlabk
with I tou4%
of it weig~ht of paraffin )ili.
ollowing
were
the
compositions of some
of these
dl
Con
lReferenices*
I)
R.liscales, Chloratsprengstoffe, Veit, Leipzig (1910).
& 185
tocQuick-pp14
2
.arhh
,iposes
Churchill, London, v 1 (1917),
13)
pp 182-3
o er
l~o/e
Srn~e Sgnc,/
.iseilly, which in~cluded the delIay element, was extsended
nto timecentral perlorated tube.. lielow the igfniter, inside
the central tube, Wererlocated loose pieces of quickinatch
(black powder) used to facilitat. h
giino
mk
chote: In tl
ren
c
sign-al the pieces of quickmatch were
l'otcate In the ca
sty
ldoi:weety
e copoitions of smIoke mixturesrt,
tOrgani c dye
;rt1
49.0
..
Lactose'(C 1211221 11 20
K hoae.28.5
Ansoluhlr's in 1IC
Indrb
dfe rn)20
247
3.
Re
Vile
53.7
A.B.?
23.0
17.8
7.3
26.4
1.8
3-6;
.44.'
2,I371.
1.21.
3.6tc
reilitofchage(ingrms)
23.
uS 2.028. .
The signial was firedi by removing the cover, pulling
quickly' on the igniter chain (by means of the pull ring)
and then throwing lthe signal (or placing it upright on the
ground). Thec friction wire being pulled throug): 0.04 g of
the composition: antimnyt
sulfide 50, puotassium chiorate
310 and mercury fulminate 20,;, causet' it to flash and to
ignite, in turn, the delay element (0.05 g~ of K nitrate 75,
charoal6 an sufur 9%). After burning for about 1In
chseconds
the faned o
h dlyeeet
gie
w
cords It qucmatch (black powder) which, in turn, ignited
* the black powder composition (0.1 to 1.8 9) on -he bottom
'I
initr
disc and
the smk mixture. The smoke
ifrgomn the burning finally
lla rte
*
holes in
)Nli,etc.
R~eference,..
hierz, S S
28,
39.(9)Di
133
rsosee
Deersinfri
ndn
2) A.Srettbacher, Spreng- und ZU'Indstoffe, Zarich (1948),
pp 98 & 106-7
IhiceolA
oac
,Mmju
31267(94)
Kuels
Blc
r -~
ArmorSmall
Arms Ammunition. According to A .JDlcre, Ordnanc
iSergeant, December 1941, pp 357, the German small arms
ammuniition 'was similar to American. The complete round
in
Armor
Pi rCor)74cin
P/erc~w
PI17o'n
SPtrPaf
fl
Smf
Red
Pok
Red or Blacki
latoe
Spzgcrcsmi
tIler
A iunitin hS.dalkr
c) Pehtrte) ArmKH
r('ioerng Super)cchs
. 1-akc ite
ing(ue r) Amuion
a
In,1r'it Amri arte)
ugse r
wastc ;aintd
colted w-ith I ugildin martad clre aulld
psr-a/
ArMor-
Ileav
Roun
Pdr'a
/)un
D5
Bol
Round
(ba.-S
Pa~r
AbiPIS
-Cram
are
ftsfrm
Or*".
Bleck
ei
Ger 181
Thiis
aifmmunition
was
*.vd
in .Iantia ircat
pIctice.
pt
',Anitn
11i4black,
Th tp ofth 311811s( Olatone
ntiank
j) (latrncn
Ptr
lB~ 318
Wiztof~,
Rifle Animimitii ii
which contained a simall charge rJ
harassing ,teeni. It had it verv l;,rps cartridge Vaste
and'an armor-piercing bullet. There were two, typps
of
17-18,
Rept 11-20l (145.
Notei. According to (.
tieGermans also developed two other tracer bullets,
desig~nated ats SiiKl.spur (DO1 and SnKIL'spur (60). There
described in this German
wsalso the Sinl(L'spurni.
aectucll under evlf-lcstsroying Tm'c er Biullet.
6i. 9 mmn(.54'1 Ammunition could he suodivided into
tile following types:
A), PstPotr 08 (lPistolen Patronen 08), Bail Ammunition,
hadf a' bullet with at lead core and a jacket either of
cuoro-nick-el or gilding ife.tal.
110 PisstPotr 08 mE (1Pisto1en Patroner.fln
i+seer)
em-r'o-liriu
Amnto
whc
ha ableT
TI.
'With a mii!d steel core and lead point filler.
jamcket was; of steel coated with gilding metal.
Note: Fach of these rounds could1 be used in the following
iweltilons: L~uge.r (l'arale'elum) Pistol, Schmeisser Carbine,
Plisrol, . Bergmann Submachine (Gun
V~althier Autiflittic
and stcey r-Solothurn Subm achine Gun,
C.
13 nmm(.51") Animunitljon could !be subdivided' into
tOw !.ullowini -pes: ,:smoke
at)
hligh Explosive-Tracer
Ammunition
had
bullet
black.
Sometimes a yellow
Accoalies so
Jif
Ba//irs
,.
10%3), pp 2 6-7.
'cl
#
n
Pr-OpeIlan
/150
cryrri
m k
Chemnical
R c
Sallapivo '90001.
-2
VkngN
(I94)p27,teewere
explosive
devices suspended on wires 2's0 yd long attached to parachutes. Theiy could be dropped frorr a Plane ahead of
enemy bombewr formations, thus formiing an effec.tive floating
barrage. The units which were not exploded '-ventuall y
caine to earth.
F
F
n9
se
4X
FUZe
___________
ig
I
rocI
. d t
.....
hr)
'i.,,
%vhl
vvai..lv;
( sraellir'g strcirigly of carccq bjr). A rraekimicria!
Se:Ctioil of fthe
.!
ldocateLd if) tile rIa
ft
i'.
ilpi
d
0
b
a
l *cxiI
i
1irrl.It!v.i;a
Ienpt1
1u
0'.1 arid over al
'
btr'
ody leiii
d iamtcC
b,)................
1-;
;:! .)-l');
Tube, Jv:;v.
'Smrok~en.'Ai.A -soe
Isp 120)-1 , consisted of ain auiticir cm cyIiiider 'rousinK in
j~
crrr~
id*
cd sI-aoc
or
bL tu .f;
i C
I ts
pivinr vc-ry irighit yell'ow smoke) arid in Its lower section
a incassage eontainer. H ie top (cover of diec Cyli nder held the
f ivtio n e
scj ,i t1 A.Lk,. ) ..if,
&:ccao gli a hol e ic-I
-cf.~':nea tlr- cover [,rotrided
dii
powder
~~~(
~ ~ ~ ~'~
aoijid lei
wer lci tted off Lbe s iddo I tire siaik e (container1
severalI pieces' of l ire ciiiickmatc
Cl tlovc thr iioe
container.
e~e
n
on~
a'
o an'
10. 1
* lilA o~~.
~C
~Iaree
~we
~Py I 15-
flhte
,'
~ff
* moke
I~ ~
e n
U.
Tail Fins
ioirias
IBas
e C/a Sing
- Ru g
Alessae
ess a~eP
Sii~k
Smnok~
Tube
lcri.~
eretsiil
Ilieci~~~~~~~ooe
tl
ue(sal
n ll
boliwri arilcd
tYrl~
l~r .ie
50Fukg)cnsslo
NCAllcrcl'i
~~
I*i-i
~~um
9195-2Tub
c rc
cklin
fclc~ia.sr rc
Smoke~~~~~~weraMohill
NC).usuall
Sm.k
breviated~thWer
prdcn
(W,4
i
PmeCode
lioichc
corcipositi.n
igrited
a,
incnro
smokee
jrrhsLe
Li'~v (.105'le
di
Ifl
Nbek
zn imist
in
Aescricrati
a)~ec
C.
witiic
a handue,
p~rtosbl
I.u
Rcn~
(S-KV
whr
lexa
Ha n
Hafefz-)i
ci- iice1rcur I
17
e! Fin
i
S~,
t as top
lniw
(hexl
yitrate- I iith
~rningj~o
sjrlit
emitting
canglit artie
*l,ele
conaierN~tlia ,011resse
foloingsunoke Tt
dene
70tic*mg
asm
adl..r.rclretl
to
cciicarNblyinrsh had 7h
Line
Inside
y
r111
ia
(if
MYepivdc
o7
i
cove
assesil-ly.mt
devicel
o in2w.at I: c
lmad)
ted cof *manc~i
aowhichad
In,sid
7c
lico
it-r 1Hk
it)1
K;4)
-~~~
nifer
c~arq~
L0'
S/hke'was
C'Aorye
Sm-,cL
C ml.cI, (Nhlf
Hadl
.5.5 andi binder 1.0%;. After *Lu~rainj for about A seconds,
was igai teJ. [he nemcke and gasesti
theisoke on hIacrge
tieccsrated
irninj., forced all exit through thle zinc
t icier benecath thle two lit)iev it, thle steel top. A
large volume (if dense grey smoke wacs emitted, according 10 C~ios 32-13, _-for about 3 minutes or for .1-7
anin~accccrding to PIATR( 1440
6) Fast Smoke Candle (NbK S 398) wits similar in
econstruction to ticc NbK 19it with the exception of
the filling and the miethocd of use. Its smoke mixture
-onsgisted of hiexa .17,5, Zn dust 47.5 and Bia nitrate
5.,M , compressed in the form of a cylinder weighing
1.7 kg and having a burninp r6m- of 100-200 sec.
It was operated by firing fromt a projector attached to
avehicle
c) Slow Smoke Cacndle (NbK L 42B) consisted of a
round sheet metal container about 4.90 mmnloncg and
10 ami diameter, %vith three compressed increments
of smoke composition (ilexa 6i5, Zn dust coarse 2.5, Zn
Jdust line 10, and Ba nitrate added 0.75 -1 5';) we
*hig
17.5 kA.' It was i nited by mecans of al%
g layer
contriining: Ilixa T.175', Zn dust1 47.5 and
ntrate
na
51;. The emission time was 25-35 minutes
.
d) Black Smoke Candle (NbK L 42Sz) was identical
in structure 'with the previousi candle but .ontained
38, difeen
moike composition: hlx
8
hoae
1,crude anthracerue 11 and kiesc~iguhr 1'.. It wiin
pbressedi in three increments, total weight 12-1; kg.
Ignition' was effected by taccans either of a safety fuse
igniter or a low tension electric igniter and a gamne,
lIce time of enmission was 10-16 minutes
e)Smoke Caindle (NbK SSR 44) which served as a
fixed aircraft smoke imarker, con.4isted of a sheet
nitlclner' 1.10Mnin' l~osg and 91 mm diameter
provided with six 20 min diamneter emission hioles and
filled
ith
oirne
mixture of llexa 52.5, Zn
dust 1H.0, Zn() 4.0 and Mg powder S.5%. Ignition was
effected by k howitzer fuze aind it gicine. lThe timie
of encission was 45-75 seconds
f) Black Smoke C:andle (lNbK Sir) which served as a
fixed aircraft smoke marker, consisted of a sheet
metal, Cylinder, 140 mnc long and 91 mm dcciic, provided
'with four 15 mmndiameter emission hiles and containing
two Compressed pellets (total weight U. k81) of the
smoke comco,.itioa: ilexa, 2S, K chliorate 415 and crude
anthracene
~.Same ignition ccssembly ail above.
Time of, ,Pitisinaboscsut 2 minutes
from
cci velhi:cl.-.,
conibsjted
of
lb
pasteboard
cylinder. 5ii minbidi amete*r antd 280 minf hcigh, filuled withi
two hand pressed inr~eneibeibs (total weight 6,00 g) of
iibbture: Lexlb 2X, f: b.llorate 410 acnd Lrude anthraccene
1l21.L Time0 of emlissionl of black smioke Ibicut 6b mlinutes
i) Smcoke C'andle Urulbc) N4bK 1/45) which served as
cc flight ,indiccctc~r, consisted of ai sheet metal tub"
lbIout 700 mi
blbon g andlb80 bibib di an. vie s moke nmix ture
coinsisting of Illcxa 48, */n dust 47 and Ba nitatfie5
andl weighing 12 kg-, wacs pressed indirectly. Ignition
effected Icy .a howitzer fu?.e anti a gaine. Thle time
if eimission wns abcout 10 mbinf.
Smoke Composition (Rccuchsatz).
iccay lit subLiavidecI into two types:
-Syll e'cistrbitct
*b
ccobtl3iill
Hit.
b.k. wabs of tile sablne d*imen sions
c~~itstile Abov e siv et tciletail c eitacin er. ThebCfilin
* IM cons,
sa:ited
(if twoi
cobiclresse.1 increiments (total weight
tibe
Jq~~cd~~nq
Wowk
I'
Smoke c.onposition.s
vei
0,,
wer
obtaiined
by
givn
varying
thei
48
erprincitc
O) 36n
22ix
Mg powder If,. A new mixture designced for sm~oke caindles
consisted of Ilexa 50, iZc dust 410 and ZnU 10%.
Among other smoke compositions may be cmenticoned
titanium tetracliloride, designorrd as FNMfused in some
smoke Imand grerncdes), a mixture of oleunc 8( ancd pumnice
20'; (used in sonc p'rojectiles) and a black smoke mixture
ig18.5, hexachloroethane 61.5, naphthalene 12.0 andi
cunthracene M.Y; 'used the Black Snmoke Cartridge).
fReferelices:
I) Ii.Ua.Batentan, CIOS Rept 12-13 (19415), pp 1(0-18
2) il.).ippiAg, (lOS Rtept 12-56 (1945), pp 3-5 & 17-18
A1cn
TM )-1995-2 (1-)53)
pp 89, 32S, 127-n & 129
-)Anon, rIM9i)i(l,)
pp 402, 473, 497 & 506.
(See also iReferenct-s under Colored Smioke).
iibc~tci
Smokeless
huvroi
Propellant
(cchs
.iniviril
Ii
ccc'.
c..
c'r
0-1-
o'
c
'fcl
t (NbHgr 41)
c. --imici r in
theli N 'I ir
41), except thac it ww. not
oli-;ttmc1,
Uni
o,0 vmdst3.5;n
aciud ha
initrie
1.;
1c
iito
cilt- chiarge 4100 g and tilt ciicie ofl emi ssiont 150t-2%0
seconds.
i,-orce
~ 4:nc)
:1
r"O
r
J1
rle
1,-
/1*cjpfr
~I
--
r)7/
S; t~iOfl
~~~
aniui
ti t, ti ft i
tdiadlay, of
delayhrofa
i.aspl fom
it.
icun
as Ill
-AA
~ ew d
removedh201an
ani pulled lon gi-
to~5scnsth
niefu ctioedandAther
hi to5tecopasse, igiejefuctior
the
t
carge the
he detounatof tpeas
sed
tof tejexplosionrforcedbss
explde t.othei-aes
pessre
Te
o exloson frce
pulled out cthe parachute. Ac the same time,
the
eetrcaeigieIrepeltof
lak
fouth igntion
powdr
istibutd
wichte flme o th to
for ig!*ton
I beI
ah fwhich pierced cthe'ccccter of a smoke canister,
turn,
i dens.
abomouitio26
srit mcytigh
iatky for
foof rW
ar bood td2 s each
ond . and Itremttd
Sm
oG~renadel. See.&Snicike hind Grenade miciucidec Pistol
GrndnIifle.
Grenade.
. ....
Grnae
de Ilnddipe),
Sm~eHcn
(Nttlandrantteode
Grnad
Ilendorpr).
Thefulowiiltypes
are des
cribeXd iin 'IM 9-1985-2
(1953),
8)%laeIhacd Grenitte 39 (N~lcgr 39) 'closely feicemblecldc
ttle HE
grelnade 24 In external form
and sizeIIW&fletic':withi
smoke mixture containing
and Zndust. Total weight I lb 14 oz
oke
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~6
iaeerR
10
~c
Acrdn
toC S
p 3(95h11,te
cotepoActordinf toe
CIoS mixtuep
In-1 the45
r 42, the
oiollno
h noemitr nteN~igN
2ws
hlefti (hexachloroethane)
55.0.
(Jn
ust 4.1.5 and Bae
nitrate
(,er 18)
Pris
Of used
$u/ur(10.5
1)) l1P5 aIrzl Smoke Pro'ectile (or the Nth] 1lawi rzer
cm FHGrNb) was similar in construction to the
shell. It containcd 4.3 o. of 11 A (bursting
.. Carge) and 4.1 Ill of smolke charge .(okeum impiregna~:ed
weight of proijectile '10,811 (fi-. .472-D)
yuIi').Tal
c) 15(1min Smoke Projectile, TIype it) (15 cm Ge l9Nb)
to sI~ll No
the hieavy Ilowitzer 15 cmnsF~l11 I
simiiltir in construction to the Previous sthell.
qiferprevious
-Ru~'Wahe
s/7oefor
1770kewas
Outer
It contained
7.scoape
//
len
Nbtid
wh
a
Sgnal
hetm
(it IMPb.
Tot'!f weight
Snik
.8use
17 17 L
fragmets
charge) and
tde
(bursting
cm
37(1
lb of 1PA
had a larger
G3
u;n 15cIS
th Ieay nfnty
inner burster tuix! than the previouis type. It contained
.1.91 lb of P' A (in the burster tubie) and a smaller
chairge of smoke mixture (oleum/puniice) than the
~L~d/(rp15I
k
msqo,6100 seods
e
SoeHan dSigna.
1.21
wer
whih
0r
15'?r3
Proetile
following smoke projecti les are dlescribed in
*Uhe
T*M 9-1995-3 (1953), pp 4102-3, 472-3, 49(r8, 506-7, 512
and 5 31-2,
Tank Gun (7.5 cm
* a) 75 mmn'Smoke Projectile forto die'
the samne design as
'NbqrPotr KwK) was machined
the lm: projectile. The inner tube contained at small
burster charge (2 oz of picric acid) and au laurge charge
of lumiwe
of oleuro, 20 parts, i~mpregnated in 2i0
stone. Toatl weight at shell Was I I.(, 1 (pp .02-3)
-#1
Fuz e
f) 155 nim Smoke Projectile 115.5 cmnGr 422 (0I .'or the
was shorter thtan in tile German designed smoke proto less thani one half of the
imndextended
jectilesof the
512)
shell (p)
lenth
g) 80 mmnSmoke Mortar I'raj,,rtile (8 Cm Wgr 34Nb)
f or the mediuim (mittlerer) mortar (8 cm mGrW 34) and
far the Short (kur er) ~mortar (8 cm kxGiW 42) was
~conventional in desgn It carried a sulfur trioxide
mixture and a PETN/wax bursting charlte.
*
jo~n
1'
rs
Fl/e
ke
om
LnO1in
erIt
iI
Bu
'smoke
weighed
jChor
--I
~P~A~Kk)
French Ileavy Gun 15. ciii K 420 (f) LNItle 1916 St Cli
was ot conveintional design. Its inner (burster) tube
CM
r
7.85
with
12 fins
(p532)
A)i) S0 mmnColored Smoke Moitar N'ojcctilre (8 cmW
38Deut) for heavy (scluwerer) inortar(b CM s~rWerfir 34
was of conventional desifn and carried 12 fins. It
was filled with o composition which Save a colored
3
Mfor'tar Poetl
D~ IS
i)80mmSmke
cmiWgr 40t~b)
mm
soenlirSintroce(3
for the heavy spigot mortar (3 eam schwe,.s Ladungs.
werferi was of the sime design as the corresponding
M.' 1,,ortar Projectile described on hi 115 of TM 9-1995-1
j)t.453 min Anticoncirete Projectile (35.3 ton Orb*) far
em "nubitzo MI) is briefly described
the llowhs'e. (35.3
t
under Spotting P rojectile
F4Gr
105 nin Field l owitzer Smoke Shell (0.,5 em 12-11
40A) Ibriefly describ'ed on p 14 of CIOS lRept
(1)911)] virs filled with 1.14kg of the simoke mixture
(;, rIX4o
(193), p 2''
*Sodium
Urs e
It
ii
~denicri bed
itSodium
IIIhlozives
Gr4?.~IiJSolid
nrI flen
c'na
55
n !dLst M~S aund
Solvents and Plasticizers for nitrocellulose, flastics (such
I.itteI .S`. 'I lie ti
oe
ission was 4-7 mninuten.
-is polyvinyl chleoride), rsins(,esynthetic- rubt)s t wr
Noe:
11.11.liullock of flicatinny Arsenal,' all
desfcribed in some BIOS, CItJS and FlIAT Reports, a.nd
(,crI:,,
id..
prfil-tilu
*eladed foro
-.T
especially in 1111)5Repts 1651 andi 16(52. Thiese two, reports
ti,,'
Sioj~te.C
10.l
0111CAner
it.. '~ n-ui.
lit uhtl trs
.1916
in the field of solvents and plais ticizeirs sponsored
by thle Rjaw %Iaterials D~ivision of the (Biritishi) Boardi of
Smoke P
Ouff ICartrid.ge,
% odn
to llj.J .Epig, CIOS
Trade. The field of investigation did not include petroleumi
- -H
3 pc
-St(1)
I 6, %-.lef an itemn was' developed by
1,
and chlorinated hvyliocarlbons. A brief description of the
cliI )citsclie I 'yr.techoiisclhc Fabri k i't KiesellbacL/Vacha,
methods of preparation (if t bonut ISO) solvents aied plasticizers
,~.t the 'ite~h is not dlescri Led.
were given but nol data for the solubility of NC. etc. Some
propertics of plastics are pgiven in the
boereports.
Smqke Rif
Gren~ade. Ste under H~ill.' (,rena,].-.
Soman .See under Trloii n,.
Smok mok
Rocet.See
and(.heica Rocet.Sondertreibestoff
(Swecial l'ropelliamg t~laterial), developed
~.tigto
~~coc
Smok Shll.SteSato:.
'coectle.during
Sec-under Signal Dlevice.
.9 1-1
,
1.1 r.(901;
Smoke Sig~nal, Hand. .Sec
v nder4Signal l)evice and under pyrotteclnics.
as wid
drecion
Smoke Stick (Nebelstal.), wihich served aawidircon
indicator,' consisted of a shevet Metal tube, ahout 100 mmnTe
l ong, it it; 16 'mim diameter, attachited to a wooden handle
ab~oat SO)site. long. Its smonk. filler consisted of six pellets
corcanic:.J:ccse Kchorgtan
Anhoie(xc
,conipisitior is unknown). It wai; ignited' by means of a,
calp wit ita frict Iion surface.
Reference: +,.%%.latcman, CIUS Repit 42-13 '(1945). p II
Smoke So:nal r~evic~e.
Smoke ,Tube
(Ilauc-broltre)
s.t.i
Schnorktl.'
use as
ag
Note: 'rthe composition does not add to 100"..Telag
amount of iron carbionyl appears questionable.
Reference: CIbS Report 25-11$ (1945), felt 20-21.Son
u-hswaocntutdb
.'lasheko
on
u Iiswao8os.ucdb
.alasheko
Austria, was designee to cause casualties or damage by
means at sound waves of great inteiisity. It was claimed
that ait short range (say 60 mn)it could kill a man and at
reater ranges (say 300 im) it could disable him lor an
appreciable length of -*time. Abredecito
ofhs
dlevice! is riven by L.E.Simion, German Research in %IW
11,
Wiley, N Ya (1947), pPo 181-2. The weapon consisted of
a par.. bolic reflector, 1.2 meters in diameter, having at.
attachmnent extending to the rear of the vertex of tIhe parsbolt.. 'rte attachmnent consisted of a firing cha alter (for
producing energy for sound), tie length of which wats
of die wave length ol the sound. At i.srath
hme
was provided with two coaxial nozzles, rthe outer nozzle
cntitirt g metliaqe and the Inner one emitting oxygen. Thme
frequency of sound was from 1000 to 1500 impulnes per
second anti rthe pressu~re proiduced by die sound waves uas
(,er 187
Spezifische Energie ocifr Spezifikcher DrucI., dlesignated
aus"fV See Specific Vn..rgy, ,~r S;.ecilic i're-4sure it; the
'e~nerni srctjon.
ii
Soiexifisches Gewicht
raT section.
A
4,
Spex~fische Wuirme -
~~E .2L6
"ton.
Spigot
501) ATEDI
D OPE
st..
us
c-rar
dugserew
consisted of two sections,
one 'ousing abo',r 17 l1bof bursting charge (TNT) and
the *other propellant in diree sectious each weighing
12 g. Total weight of the round was about 50 Ilb, (p 534)
b) 380 mm Mortar Projectile (38 cm Wgr 40) for the
heavy spigot mortar (38 em sl~ndungswerfcr)wa:, similar
1,,design and shape to the 1mmroctl.tcntie
Olbo lIII bursting chaifgc and was provided with
fins. Total weight of projectile wits hotint 32H lb
Note: There is no indication it, the above manual how
this projectile was fired and what kind of spigot mortar
was used. It is probable, how-ever, according to II.HI.lBullock
of Picatinny Arsenal, that the- hollow tail section of the
pCe
M
:Spike Bomb.
(Spialir~.A~
ofaitike~~s popehant tiriy-tsitt f pl.ean iprenatng
piared, in 188 1byntating slitetofperadnientng
theta 'wi tht subntn'ltCKsi khic slow .lown Ithe rate of burnintg
(ntoerats)
Esci oinosiior
Ti
ofthee ppelaiis
was never revealed by rlie manufacturer, the l:xpiosivstoilfU~erke 'Spiralit
Gecscl!schaft und Max Thorn, Hamburg,
The charges were 'made "by superposing and compressig
itrtedpa1r.bination
f
sevralshets
I'ais(102)
p7,
Referenrce: j.lDaniel, lDictionnaire,
p75
S ee Fragments
F~ragmnent)
(ljenrs ity of
Splitterdichte
tsnit
! ,yIe
*ri st.
.cilarlg0e
Sphittingi' Process of Monufacture of Sulfuric Acid
;rbed under Sulfuric Ac'id Manufacture.
brie fly de
is
i
ii..j::':t~
f
ndetniingIiesWr'ud:A.2o)op
/0Tebs
~snoile
for
Ba/I/st
CO
353 mm
M/eLL
.3c
II
Fuzee
rolec-
file Of G OsStee7/'if//n
/5cm Gr/9.
rslln
B
srwji.i.
C) 15(1111
a) :75 mml lII: Projectile (1.5 cal Igr 113 AZ 23nA) for
r le LghtInfntr
Gu 'IfG 18)
or Light Mountain
,Infantry Gun (R;IG 113). It was about 13" long and
ih
~e
4)
A
Projectile
(zchius-s beobac'litungsgrlnaice).
'Spotting
projectile serving for observation and adjustment of Artillery
fire. It contained a' smallI charge of smoke composition
an asepaate
ontanerisre
in 'the high explosive
405
ar
decie
onr~ ppnaie
l~i
,t~j'
Jn
mmt/
150ai
i.tw
CA7
oke
ur. n
onSf
ocsof7r)
Broos4e
Oer 189
jir- ei).It
Is pricsinred tibai tilt! I0, section acted
;s o irriliar lrronte~r,
because it does not seem possible
Srncptnsfe.e
SIrrengel
Exsplosives
in tile
hai~r'die large mass of castq TNT couldfhave been expioded
genrerail section.
by d
I ril Irrrstere (sh own onl the drawing) wihichI d d
ire: c~:-tend
%uffirivirty initi tile biirqtring charge.
Srngltn
fa igGltn.Acrigt
0) 100 inms Mortar Projectile (10 ciii
ttbce
'rgr 17) used
Spenelte(lain
(;at).corngo
10 -6 NPbk . 5. It contained 1.1-5Illb of TNT aste In
etac
(Ref 1) the German Sprenggelatine contained: NG 91-93
and
lijr.,tin~
clr.e .rnl;I srrral 'largt. of s'moke comprisitien
collodion cotton (N content 11 .1 to 12.41.) 7 to 91'.
ovit~c.i wijderneati
tire byooster (GjrZdlg (>9Op)an
According
to
Weichelt
(Ref 2) the 93,17 Spreni~geiatine
tilt fuze (NrgrZ IS). Total weig. !of the' projectile
0
half the following properties-. temp of explosion
4210 C,
Ci *.Vol
53.).
of gases at NTP 712 IAg, density of loading 1.55.
Sptengbtnndbr-rn6. (C~osrilin~rtion; lDerohitio'n ncenrliartr
specifi
prsue()10
gcd.vlocity of detonation
Biomb). lorre stic Ii iorrr,tirt, Sprer-glhtand C50 Bom.e,
describecd err1,1
i'W-r~ of. I NI9-i 985--? Cl95)'11. 'I'li Irorlb Wia M
7800 ti/sec, TrauzI test 520 cc and impact sensitivity With
of tilt- srr
shaou t s coovertitonsl iIE Wrinihs'
lit
its
2 kg; weight 12 cm.
fillinig wa difrfereint. lii
nose sect ion of tire botirb coi"Refeietces.
tilt dr 20
lbi
I TN i rild ireir nd tile diartgte writs p1rce .1
1) .II.Steit bthadet, Spteng- utid Schelie toffe* Zilti ci,
Eline
fuze ImLck
0I 9441),
ci. lrr d
tIn * i.,,' p.~ Let 'wits loca ted at bik el itt
9
corxailic
L~li idrljcuit
an& a steel encased
p
2
raIilte contp, .rkIr
re et aind Ideonator- tile Whole assembly
2) F.Weichelt, liandbuch tier gcwerblichen Sprengtechrrik,
Ireiiw hreld irr plice in tirtc. Irose of tile fuze pocket by*t
(.riodIal/are,19),p34
It.tIi prii:,.. ), ir It- drilled.I tltiougir tile rear side of tile
.Nah l,
1a eI S te
(9 3,P 74
I
..1i~e r1Ird Tlrroln
tir i
Eiv
ph ragni
(which diividned
;:",,(,%I srvctioj;2 ,-,ir to a silk bag conqitilak
SptenglkopseI (Walrstinig (ap) .See under lDetuitantors.
prtlli np clitret frir tilt- mniddle s'ection (if tile lomb
conrtg
Sprengk~rper 02 (Spt Kpr 9t2) (Explosive Paittern
I 9(7).
ktic ii Ii nc s. 'Ilrit! incenidiairy
ut: ts (sxi
fire pots .tnd
67 sirt I trian griar mnetal inc end irtry cehellen ti) were p laced
A de mol it ion rharge we i ghin g 200 f; used [tiring VIT I tot
a ronor Ita Ioiy tr ian ullit horll
ow steel column. lThtee double
tnt lit aty pioneer work, It replaced a similar chnroge maide
;tgi&~ ki p'laced in annular frrsiitri ri,rwnnd this column,
of tpicric acid called Sprengk(;tper 88
Colvet Ifigh E~xE,3ch pr-iriii 1rilr. 11;1 four otallge-ctrl~ored
biscuits of
pilosives ( 191 8), 1p23
hiighly> iiifiarinirr
abl. imiatetiaii pres sed between themt. These
biscuits werv igniterd
by tireflash fromithe black powder
escpelling' cha rgte and, in' turni, ignited the snmall incendiary
Sprengk~rper 28 (Spt Kpr 284). (E~xplosive Pattern 1928)
unlits directly arid] tire qui-kinatchies of the six large units.
consisted of TfNT or P1 A in blocks 2- 15/8" - 23/4h e, expllosion of ltie bhlc .k powder ch itr V also ?i~hC-rcd
rpe
nwxppro
llcdi
aeiccnanr;
tire , t~ liunirirr
screws, ..uring tile biase PlWaternd ejected
Waildi
isppro
tirt! inceindiary elemnents' river a radius of about 100 yards.
nbteiecnrre;
Itwits one of Cedemolition rrcr
charrge.- of UV iI. It W~as used
Abirort I sreconrd after exptulsioni the delay 'element in tlte
in stome lind inines, as for instance (Jasmsnine 41(f).
boint t noea
'
of
tire detonato mi
ie
h
NT charge
References:
tiotitetnoeaci
of
theb . letririItor
fie
I Ita te1
1)(38S~~
, mt
pt 'reclr Manual FM
NI
TWOri w,-irlIrt ilf bol
(1945), pp 129-132
irr WtI
Ibu 75 lb1 tlvermill leipnti,4."
b(rly it ipill 2H,0", niry clriame ter 8.0", wall tlhk n N,
2) TM 91941!5.2 (195% 10
I 275.
C).15li
til lciit~ir 1 6.01 aind ItswidithH .3rr
Sprenomiliel. An explosive in prepared formi, as distinguishter
:i
II
II
~Pattern
0;:
Q.
,aa
1000100T
Oel
ALUMINUM4
s1(5154
W~AR
Drirt~t
0 0~%~a~
,-~o~
0
adopted
Qni-
arlSprongnilet
DOVOLE MIDthe
COLW~t3/4,
t~~lV~rs~r
InIAr
L INItNDIAOV
UNIT?
*O
PA-AcPOWER
CIP
tivtosivi ONAasu
odor
Nobels
Spreng'oi. Same as
Nitroglycerin.
1101
LUSSprongsalpsefr
lit Li 40
e xploaive
*
coil aind sulfvr, stich as blas;taag
ac
to'
,f
SIIa
to'rcu.
fSrenjgsalpetet explosives,
(,er 1901
iie.TeatahenI'.su
ra
*.,.a,
to prevent the bor,hb fro"' ricochetting.
Referenrce: T&! 9-1985-1 (1953), p,1 21-2.
Sprengstoff. (kn'eric term for an etrplos.i vle at; 'I;tinguishedl
Standard'
Propellant (liinheitstpulver or [AI'), called
fr)m Sprengmittel
Powder by ll.ll.M.Pjkt.,
(,IS 108
d6t
14)
-.
p"Unit"J .was
'(V Pulver (diethyleneglyeol
dinarar pro-5)
cellant) which contained 1.'
K nitrate or V;~ hydrocellulose
Sprengz~inder; El ektris che (Electric Bhis~ting Cap, literally,
and had a calorific vailde of -10-M~ kcatllkg.Thjs mixture
Elrcricl~eraatng
gnitr).Iwo ype ofsuchdcvces
was introduced in 19-141as 6he "ervice"
kscibe
*.Be
proelnfr
wio typ~esofSrntof
sc
evicnd
all ammunition in order to mhin masc the
Lifede'cribd
eyli g .y: rekofv'Sprngstffeund
dioffeerences in
ballistics previously us~ually obta ined when
GLridmirtel (1936), pp 222-(,.
-with
the same formula were manufactured attpropellants
different
Pu~~'o~e).Apla
(pa'lu
nts. Teer
lheincorporation of eith
K nitrate or of hydroA'S Puler
Spada
11w~ir).Alropellitnr manufactured
cellulose was claimned to give much more uniform inter1e.a
1WIb
treating td,
crface of .n.'dJe-base powder
patblitc
frpl.n~
;rains with an alcoholic sb~utior of centralit~e or diphenylStnpbePchTt)ee
ril
etoBaaersr
qinline. Th is pro-. flant was exported Ito Turkey.
Star Shell. One of the projectiles (10.5 cm Loaichtgesciaoss
Anoter
Puverknd as f "5spotin
proellnt
FS)
escrbed
In'M 9-1985-1 ( 1953), p 4(.4, contained
pre
there
byntaind o
I L1PIj
awus
and ea sotiing theroeult-latrnnt
aES
tdscried
to a parachute. Mien the shell reached
preparead b
irtig-wut
n
eatt'gth
eut
a predetermined position over enemy territory,
the time
O
o d
eogr
~ro
* lxposfset ,l'rs
(1930). pp 227-228.
Bore Gun.
:See Note under Tapered Bore (jun.F
SSP (gich erheitssprer.i.pulver). A ,safety explosive which
is 'based on ammioniumnitnrate.
Squeeze
u e
/-
SIt
Stabmine and also uhndei Landminen.
Stochelbombe,
Some7
(;ernia~n bombs. such as the SC 50, SO 70, SC
250 and
S50
colbefitted
with a sieby
att~aching it to
ai threaded lug forged to dhe nose of the bomb just
above a
Star
Chu
I.e
Ii r.d til.
*(;er
bas
sI
cof dii
aid
10 ta p arach ute to be ejected
di o
i
tlie flash
g ases of d
xelling
xie
charge ignited
01111
OS ti on. liiil s s lull ,se-rvedl for illurin iating diei ns ra Ia fionn
aOn troops in order to is sst thle
I(me
~
~U1~
191
~al.Simultaneously
trhu
fromtlelel
the stear
enemy's
artillery'
Thae 0aC.1,
we i
-d 3.0 j
.it,
firedt from %ome'
caplumard
IOS( 1211111
p~in 'S, suAChas Bldgia n, FrenchI,
P3oli rl,
~andWs
slC
Iand Ylagosl4av
I .
A larger j'roijeitile (203 mim) serving the Same purposecoe
buta
a aesia na tcd tia,. I'larc Pro jec'tile,
i 5 !c
ls ' be
n
I~-U
f ''M~)l 99-~.Its German designa'tin
0 was 20.3 cmn
,,L eu~chtgra note atn. i t W-1i fi ria from
ta,' R~ailroaid Gu
K f E;. (See also under lr)
Sabuchprrbie
rider
ia
the
Arisonzilr be
eto
l
telst,
Ti5O
knaownai s~
as (runht~ est
)v%.Tw
'oohi;k
ndOgi .nated' iti. AusItriai an d ( .erlaaajj y. 'le
first
te.
*.
tlaivdael
Deutscher
Reirie6S.
if
((jinarc.e~t
Stuhunmser
~07
SteelBullets-
~sr.
S/eel
S/eel
Refernces .
.Steel
I)A.StvttlOclaer, Schicss- Land Spreaigsit.ffe,
Barth, Le-ip ig
"( 1913), pp '105-368
'2) A.Stetttliiehr, Sprcng- und ScesstofashrZril
'1948), Pp 113-115.
Steel 'and Iron Ammunition Itemns. Nmarily
iafiantaaaition :iteams (such 'as baullets, capis all of the smaller
cartridge cases,
the pre- Aa. 11 period were mannuflactured
from nonfe-rrouis aaiet.ils. air; all'iys quch as copper,
lead, nickel,
'bas ilding r eta,-J etc. l)ue to
shortage of
th e abogve mnet~als which developed theat acute
the beginning-.of
*A
I!, it was foutnd necessaary
to
replace them by the
ferrous riacetails such as steel or iron.schdonp816ad8-.
T he following- 'ammnunition -items made of
steel or irn
by~
th
iatca
affen- und ',Niunitionsfabriken
A G,
*S'cfs*altriap hici Zieck,late described Ily Il.Peploe
et al, CIOS
Report 11-20 (19,145), pip 7-22,01 8 4 '5 0.
rep~
*etc) (if
a)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
u
iekr)Blecn
Sm Sizeeaa
30)
bi) Snal (iang) I Spitzgesclaoss mit Hisenkern
Bullet, was' similar
to the Siaal' except that the(lang)]
lead
'sleeve was only in die rear section. Irt
penrate' for dat Ioss of weight, tht! lengthorder to comaof
the
iron
Icore was correapnfidingly increased
(pp 17 & 30).
Note.: [here were also 'armor-piercing
Lull eta, one with
%feel core (Spitzgeschoss,
Stahlkern) and another w ith
a' tungsten carbide core mar
(Spitzgeschoss mit Stahlkern,
(,;ehl~rate). They are briefl y described
under Snialt Arms
t
V l
4B
1v
scieonp
-6nd450
(Se also under Cartridge Cases, Steel).
It should
be toted thatth
ensdeeodte
technique o F making sintered iron bullets (see under
Pulvermetallurgi)
and also a process for covering tie
steel
rojectie with sintered iron or steel, described
briefly inn
thswrune lfbnerefae.
Stick Granade. See Rodded Bomb.
Stick Handgrenade. See Potato Mnsher Grenade.
Stlelhandgranate(Stick ]land Grenade). See
Potato Masher
G;renade.
Stocknione. See under
TM 9-1985-2 (1953).
0c Steel
* steel core ( .eadless)
surrounded"IhulletTp
by a steel Acniedoa
envelope. In this
Slnt(tnt)
A fteCroi~ye
explosives
bullet an attempt was 'made to cushion it (while
in the
manufd about 50 years aoi
bore) on a film of gas, For thiq purpose,
emn
n
ditdt
two
slots
England.
* were made in die base. ,f the core
It consinted of NG 68, kieselguhr 20, wood
in order to allow
meal
4.
an
d
K
or Ba n~trate with Ms carbonate 8%. To
inflow of gases on firing. The core
this could
was also cannelured
and the envelope had 'two cannelures,
one to key it
beaddsm ufntdol
to dhe' core, the other for attaching the cartridge
*rlrd
(Daniel, Di ctionnaire,
case. '.
Paris (1902), p 739
It 'was claimted that tile barrel life 'With this
bullet
was
abouti 5000 rounds (p 30)
$torm Matches. Accord ins to BIOS Final
d)Sel(Leadless) Bullet, Ty'pe
was a' zinc-otd
th
1313 (1947),
atce were manufactured
'turned steel slug with the bearing f3,surface
dhe Rept
Deutache.
Zun
considerably
waren Mcrnopole at Lilneburg. Noby description
* reduced iii comparison with ordinary bullets.
of match
Bairre
composiWrtas is given.
life' with this bullet was claimed to be
rounds, but ,-ould be increased by lurcaigabout 3000
aiullet
Stetneitlodor
(p 30)'."
Streckmlntl (Etne.called also
'
urctn h
StretchergFileth
steel CapImainufacture 'is' briefly 'described
orDiuxng
tent)
noder,'ocma
on Pp 36Srthr
ilro
iua
gn) nodr'ocma
asiere
h w.
zincated and, then, internally -varnished
vioug 'to filling .thcm'
prTN)
with the following MIxtrwepb styph.
the
soaGeoromatinsa
-'TTteGras
niate 40, B3anitrate 42, Ca slllcide 10, Tetratene
some non-explosive
3 aind Pb, materials which served incorporated
peroxide 5%. Steel Caritridge Cast manufacture
to increase tile bulk of the *IIs briefly deplosive. The most common of such
extenders
were
U;er 192
%ere rot
Ytj'gn defficient ao
(trher
supplied oxy'gen to
ati nirocompounds, such as TNT.
inert
ats
they
"ySternss
burg M l
*
Strssur-Khl
Gidnc Syte.
Guidaclyse.Sene.Giac
eeunerGudace
Stroubrand
See Trizin.
(Schwecklsaure).
I'wl-arat ion,
properties
and at least one plant used the wet contact process utilizing
irgfarkA-U ud
hyllrngen sulfidle. I ho Clemi.,ehe
the so-called Peterson Tower Process installed by the
itldsulr
Lurgi Aprar~atciau, A G.naloftee
was the primary material. Inasmuch as sulfur was not
plentiful during V61 11, a special r'iocess (Splitting or
Cracking Process) which permitted thw recovery of sulfur in
thfrm isuurrixd
fcm .sewakslrc
cd
was delpd
nd uititdbyri
Co Sc ude
Lurgi Cracking Plant). Ths e pro)cess of mantifacture
of oleum was used by several Uermlan foctcories but it
is doubtful (see Ref 131)if the process would be e.conamilcal
peace time when sulfur is plentiful. Another sulfur
procesp is briefly described under Sulfur Recovery.
my
(otc
)Af
tllne-etmlt Imbi
Kr
ii)osn1%
-U (otc
-brk(f1
i
eef
10)
(
) rocess)
1) Lurgi Chemic A -ki , Frankfurt a,/Main (Contact
process and Lurgi Cracking Unit) (Ref 1)
Nordldcu~tsche Affinerie, I Iamtburg (Con tact 1vrocess)
(Ref 8)
References: BIOS Final Reports: 1) 244 (19,15), 2) 1621
(1947), 3) 1631 (1948), 4) 1633 (194Si), 5) 16314 (1949),
16,12
6) l1636 (19.18), 7) 1639 (1948) 8) 1641 (11,,9)
(1N4W, 10) 1643 (1948), It,' 164 (19-18). 12) 1645 (:9481)
13) PHtRcpt 925 (1945), p 25.
Monoehloride - Vegetable Oil Dynamites were prreparied . beginning about 1898, by thle Cliemiche Fabrik at
Winkel on Rhine by mixing NG with rubber-like products
olmtainemd on treating vegetable o:;s (such as linseed oil',
with sulfur monochloride, S.Cl.. Other ingredients, such
as TNT, P. A, etc could be incorporated.
Simlilar explosives Were Prepared by BiIielfedt
Reference:J.Dminiel, Dictionnaire, Paris (1902), pp 71 &114.
Sulfur RecoveryfimSetlnOxeTordc
te
shortage of sufur (so essential for the manufacture of
sulfuric acid) the Chentisehe Fabrik l)r Jakob,lBad Kreuznach,
before WW 1f, invented a method of recovery Of sulfur from
hc were used fcer tIme purification
xte
pn
h
of gasen In the0 Fis10ch-Tm sici PrOCUss PI.-ts or In
lte (;not Works. Onei much
I1s on W~h At tie 'heatlitche
Flrk
Aomln.I a rep~ortedf that not less than
65 000 tons of sulfur were recovered annually by this method
ma~ts
reCover%',
(See
untlei
Lurgi
Cracking
Process).
as
follows:
w.-s
essentially
O~rjak-ob's Process
10 our vertical cylindrical jacketted extractors, fitted
with cov er%,and -1ic vi'.mtatining six tratyn were loaded
with spent 'oxides (7.5 'tons' iw each0 vessel) anld extracti-d wi 'th catbon ditlie.:
t
neigec
Vessel att tile top and niovinig by giavi tv
h) O th I xtrctos,
ere n te etratio cyle
and tite off for charging or discharging. As A iresitly
Charged ex ti actor wits' puat
ii the line an extractor
otinIng c
louted oxide, was tak en off
U
Contain n reslyhare
vcse wa
is
retdwt
tif wilfur
it(
projet.tile. It Wits claimed that the most valuable
arfiriiityte tif this type of gun wast the possibility of reducring the itotal Ien*tl: uf it bore Almost to one-halfI withlout
ny
and
~h
Sueg~t S
Synoxiyd
SV.Stoff
lhochtdruckpumpe.
Suprg~ihe
See Ainoxydislize.,
und -Brehnstoff.
30-115
niri
ixtre o cocenrate
9"10
(19,5),p
(194),
tie 9/10mixureol
11 11 %te
oncntrtelnitics O~furic acid I tran-porrc'd in tanks' made of ordinary steel)
'was used in conjunction with a combustible (Ilrennstoff),
*h'as Salbei.
.SnheiRsnsadEmulsions Iu-ed in Germany durin
WW I! for the manufacture of items em-doycd in ammunition,
are .bifydescribed in FOOS Final Reports Nos 1715,
1794 and 1795 (1947).
An vBore
Talfn;'
to be
rocket designedi
biliquid)
sgerillmental
An
f iredTahun.
in groups
of 65 from
a launching
machine known
'a's die Dobigerlit. Thre missile was about 2.1 m long and
10cm in diameter, 'provided with a warhead containing
propelled by .a .liquid fuel (V'isol)
It was
of lIE,.
500 A9liq~uid
and
oxidizer
(concientrated nitric acid)..........ohn"
2
28-5
1)efO
eRept
I2) OM9-1p985-56(1946), pp
223.~
2) M 9198-2
22 195),
Tapeed
I~irgertrrran
oreGun
Geacllit), clle alo
GerichTyp
Seez-Boe
Gu. o Reuc~g Bre un
.was developed in' Gernmany in the 'early stages of V1W11.
its barrel Consisted of 3 sections (starting from thmebliceeh):
Cylindrical slection, such as. 42 Ami bore diameter
*'A)
*lghl
~~ ~
onalnidestonnd
~ ~ . b)
SligtlyConial
idde setio anhel%4
c0 Cylindrical section, such as 28 mmnbore diameter,
1*There were also puns with diameters 28 mm or 75 mun
A'ato
resleiuscto.m
f~~~~~~rc
-fr(a)
srto
id2
mo 55 mfr(scin
Beaue
f hn
ontrcto,
heprjctIle wh~c
changes
Maryland.
A srhort description of such guns is given by:
.
* N6rc
jcin
Fot/n
Fcurard*~:
aM;
'sh
..
Car-
De/o-
CO
~~~.7
in
toi-
Co;r
r
t"
yr4
.74A,%
,~A
D 0Ltended
RIOS&travelling
A
~F
AlA),
A171170*'e
,'%
ill
a,
,o~e
~:Values
AO
'-Q~tWCyclonite)
CoThe
____e
AVV
~
-
-.
/*
dcIli!K Jirjrtjc,
iled 21 ! t Ik'
,r
"",c
0% II
RAJ.C.""s,)it'Ats
ntjrd
lrc
075/55
for Tapvli
1)l.,r-'avr..- Bo
jtio.
in
I
sreas
R eferent~lces!
Iiv~ fept 1 320 (1944) (42/28 irm
I'l
4i
di lv Arm
I Muaei,
'421) nim II l,
28,60 into
lirojeti
min Il-Sll
7/5m
f
l
9-I~
h
(I"
Torbr.
lrilwS.~* ln.er
Torbr.'sc~vmulr
T'ilols(Set
Tatrget Indicating Flare, Mark 50 Kaskade .and
In'dicator(RedJ 'are ti Iscrited if) TM 9-19895
IA)
841-'s (See also under PIlirr anid under Miarkr.
Target
l-1
* idun
(icrmen:,.Se
tider:od~t.*
are tanp..
Television
Guidance System
See under
Guidance Sytstems for Missiles. for Missilen.
Tellerappoarte
for mixing
proliellaints
0f
tile "floating" cover was sufficient to depress it as %ell athe ign: ter housinrg. T he Pressu re of cthe housing on the
top of the striker sheared the pin which
held the %triker
in the cocked position, thusreasnthsrir
pn.
a resu~t of this the striker set off the percussion cap,
detonator, booster and the main charge
such as of TNT.
References:
1) L.E.LSmon, Gjerman Research in %V 11, Wiley, N Y
I(4)
8
2)Anon,
German Explosive- Ordnance, Dept of the Army,
Tech Manual
TIM 9-1985-2,
sint,
IC
(95)
2
lipP (,7-70.
also under Landn.inen).
Testing Gallery (Sclilagwetterversuchstr..cte). ee general
scin
under Galleries, Testing and also this section
under Versuchisstrecke.
TeStan
odor X.Staff (Tetranitronmethane
abbreviated in
this work as TeNM or TN ).A
detailed description
of the preparation, properties and
uses
TeNMe is given
in the general section under Methane. of
The fol'lowing description concerns the Germian method of
preparation and
use
fTNe
the classical method
r'repn of TeNMe from acetic
a n hiy d rid e a n d n itric a c id of
(se e g e n e ra l sec tio
expensive,. a new method was developddrnn ) is v e ry
WI
by Dr Schinmmelschmidt (Rtels I & 2). The laboratory
scale
procedure was As follows:
In anall-glass appitratus, achemmatically represented
the enclosed drawing, acetylene reacted with nitric
acid to give nitroform and the mixture of njtraform
and
nitric acid yielded TeNl~e on heating with sulfuric acid.
The reaction was believed to proceed as follows:
Leipzigt
(loi),
Tellermine (D~ish-lk
Land Nline).According to Sirrion (Ref
I) th.ese fn,
ines gavetfi(h Allies considerablel. trouble through--f
out UUW11. They were sufficiently powerful to p'ut
a tank
ou
atinanf
o
o
rekalmost ainy okher vehicl e. The
first
I__
~L
4.
C~'I
211NO 3
=(0 2 N) 2 "C1.CO+ 112 0
(0 2 N) 2 C.CIIO + IINO 3 (0,N) aC.ClIO + l 0
2
(0 2 N) 3 C.CIIO+21INO a
0 2 N) C..C0Oo+
NO + lf2O
O)CC~
22
23
0N 3 l
O
( 2N)C
IN 3
-( 2 N)+
20
Ch?*Cll+ AlN0 3
11
2N0 2 + CO2
2 N C+
4 4o+
Aot0;ofaeynercedas
above and about
40'. underwent conplete oxidation according to the
eauatlont
C
+ IOIN
C0e1N0
so that the over33=CII
2 +0h110,
(,er 196,
nulle
vmdd
su bstane.,
tiltiu0NCcr
picc
the
tle
hotir.pound
I:ic' lit
tlc''
yIsvta
~:
:.ituivs~:i:~is
1i
Irili
eNkie
iaC "i'15ltr
.
.tt
";I
fi'reraird b' d issot silin
'.1cc r.Ii ciiof
i tccit
. ntri
.iidiuffin
0 goti
t'fi Icit
V3c.ii , uUc.1,,iflu
iitcIsli
Ilto-t
witrh 8(-'
itr Ii rs
icfd
"s nitic,
I
acid fed
rv ce
.. ciIwt.rtc.c:
141111
tm
olii'cii
1
I,in cu
t.
iid t
rie
ac ioio sYs teisi, a
minperaw r
of 'ill
Nkit 1as
ccoriii
ed.ccli
nt
solution of nitritforic inl nitric
cciiovrfowu
thtrn
liirkutliting
cStirlni to three nitration
1
ini vtivt..each nitrator being heaite'd
.. i ' ci ite
roc h fNcepiiv
ii
ieslui
jice
*
1teci
ti
ii ,ttiiii~ti.(t~..
c.
wii
..... e_
.1.1 t 0c%
oton~e wit
th&ntif
!*
1110
cit I
st n it fo ati
i
rn itor I~ie tid re.c(1vefloweid front tihe Ird nitrator. fetriruuc~iiciic
d te
i'er
ntratir
cue i s i eahmantaned t 910
uiafl
acid
prhu.I
dioxide
(cr~t~inin g mercurih
eto
nitrate)
,sc
fed
T.rcn
wa.l
i.Ttazn emn
fclm
were separated
wi thi
a ran,.
ilf
nitrogent
of Tetan
sbtnesc
cruewater explosions.
saot911
.
consisted
odnsbegsssc
la ytrocarbon rich
ui
liqjuid cir piitverized carbon, containinfl~Sfl~fC
etc.
hydirocarbons, coal, otiarcoal, iiitrocomrpounds,
as
4
mixtures %iere mnore jcnwr u1 and brisant
Sone ic fths
than IUN,
IfI A , Vt1: N or RDtX *and we-re particularly
Tet'n
exploiv
5
e wsas a sol id
blftast effect aind a1 COlliptrtit iYs ly
.x pos ives Wi tci such fcropcrc ies
for t:niera ,, ttur
ft-po s jon s MCI
ci
Othert
explosi .'c
mixtures
~ii
ti~~i).
ti
ela
not
mecur
r~?~li~~
wvre:
whfich
2 ;i2
7'(i:0 + 2tNi)2
2l 2
41IN.) 3 1(0 2 N) 4 (. 2ff
r~clif
dc idte tad Oif Uinconverte
Ill v t.C.'Cvery of
"MIM ;1 1'id%I WI 5 abolit ch'
ey
1i
lit thi. prolOdtitrv tie( icetv tyfeit gas i, (: *11 2 was introduced
tlzn
and *L St.
1.
ies
preheated
ctcai
ofnraactcciin6ltesowtr
n6
ieso
ae
'
fnra
to 50P,
* by decantation.
.A fter the de can tation of tile "'other lioj or, onTiuhne~
tit
('iitat.!
wa~s
(;er 197
d~rl
i ;~(~a~*~
from the
flushed
,,~I.~,,qf
*tIm,,w,.r
tilted
ectronto a large cloth 'sup~ported on a natural
drainage, filter (as for lead azide). After three additional
digplavcment washes, the clot;, was folded over the tetracene and the ens4emble, placed in a plastic bucket to be
Q*
DX.
Reference: (i.R,;1 -r, PIIIl. flept 85,1601 (11946), 1p 16.
n
V
tanferedto
hestoag ara.Tetron~frc.orbaolo
odor Gaibmehi (Terranitrocarb.,z,,l, or
I).Uo
Teraere,
hih
ad o
e
to U
,:Yellow
Flour, ab)breviated in tbis :work as TeN(Abz). Its
the Washaing on the cloth was followxed ricby pjo
washin' with
peaain
rprisadue
r
some 96'; ethyl alcohol conta~ning sonic metrhyl alIc ohol.
ecieli
h
prnepransc,o uroperts
Cand
uses
r
d, cie
it
th
After dehydrating with alcohol, the. cloth 'was folded over
Te~N(.bz
was
ptopo-.ed
duri
'
.W
ii
in
;,climany
as a'subt&e material which was then placed in a: plrentic bvcket
stttfrblcpodrn
tli
ofl
I
and twasferred to the storage Area.
atulfobac
odri
1luminatjng hares
.ite rocket
I-..Iheyiel ofTetacen
whn usng 1.0kg o amnotype (Ref 1). Due to the fact that TeN('bz was on-yo
uadnesulfate was 2.6 to 2.7'kg.
scopac and non-corrosive it was expected to completely
Thle:
retrcen
(of the tdare or stn,) and moisture (of atmosphere-),
giving hydrogen sulfide and magnesium oxide, On fiorther
storag~e, tIme hydrogen sulfide 'attacked the lead salts
(ruch~ a.. Pb azide or Pb styplinatc) of the primet tius
re-iderin g them unserviceable.
To* avoid the destructiun in storage of pyrotechnic
containingr magnesium, it was, propostd, itt 19.15,
to replace the Itak
powder type "intermediate" coinI''ll,, boy thu. (kill 't1%
oilstfite-t I'NCbsr 10, K olortit,.
ad
sli4 Al l'o'der 30%.
References:
1) R:E.Richardson, C.IOS Rept 2 5'18(194 5), pp 27-8,
2)
Cs Re
2-. ( ( 1945), tip
p.-~
-mgesium
ove, *0.0
of unwaxed 'E.TN pre-.sed at 50 kgicm
1ll. V'iming Mixtures used for pistol and 0ie cartridges:
Teecae -,P
zie3-5
Jsntae
05
S
silicide 6-12, l'b peroide "- and S~bsulfide (:-7.
Toetraceacr eWas used in initiating mixtures' call !d Sinoxy~x# Ze.devices
(~,-e-nl~~ge,~atl.
e-~,,encinthe
Rteferences
Tetranltromnethane (TeNVfe.
Tetro-Di-Salz
Terntoihany
am
su n
odrGibmh
.,.rt
ntcdpeyaiesloeYI'
lu
' dursn
e
eea
section
under lDiphenylamine. It was proposed
WW11
iii Germany, as a substitute for black powder (See also
GP Powder and Tetranitrocathazol).
IIi
Reference: CIOS Rept 25-18 (1945), pp 27-28.
~r-ax
TtaS
sdsrbd
nte:eea
eto
under Tettamethylammoaniumn Nitrate.
hksbtnei
ubtnei
not an explosive by itself,:but it forms 'powerful explosive
with oxidizing agents such as
~nitrates. it waswhen mixed
i
emn
tt
Grayilthe
in
pure sae by the
itrcinof methyl nitrate with trimethylamine.Temx
-Totrohydrofu'ron (tetrahydrofura'ne) is described in the
tules' of Tetra-Salt with nitrates were found to be suitable
general section. Tetrahydrofurane ,and its; intermediates
for filling projectiles and for tno t ing propellants for
were produced during VV 11 by the IG Farbenindustrie at.canaswla
frokt.
Refetence: CIOSepr 291-12 (1946).
References:
Totramethylammonluni Olnltrate
Same as Totra-Dii-Salz..
,1
prtcnc
copoitions11.
Reference:. P11nRept 7821(14)
~sTotryl
Iin
W
Itas a by-product of
manufacture of
thlze It pro
Sul or
esK.-S
I ot
21
7,!II
Refrene:G.Rme,
P31. Rpt85.60(196) p
olwn
sabif
(;er 19ii
aI
to
Ater
dit,.,1
d60li i vts~r ('If gnis ed ri
n ii
(!I,iirs
pt
(-5 ci anI
ta rtin g tliet
s-ulfuric lti .1
agitIati on,
tie
thsat after
hout 400 roindsl
lIe
In[i order to di.
scrs III
it e ti,s,iii
it
"a
ea e
bc~gl~ame
uu
ie
unusable.
lt-~ sitrii
mtlt
prjctl
~)~fe
;rPs
* isirte
fron t
si~len Is . id
process (usedl irs industr
to 'reduce corrosion), which
d ) i>m-aif
cit a
as'
i
fWr
Iais
,
!t .,rsisic
-os~c
:;s;ntially of u
tratment of an iron object
tvy k'is t lnssaferr
m i tsasn'asl
ah iv
whecre
w iths a1t acidlic pltssahlate solution' (il'rkeriz~.in j). Asa result
1
it was W-ashted, first Wtith w atcr, thlen w ithi a dilhite s1id
tIf this , a thsin hiayer of cry stal line iron p~tisspiat e was
ash solu.:o i~t Iari aignit'With water
deposited oIn the surface of the metal.
C) I1,listtist
tetryl liais rec'rystalli-zed lfros actissie
Although this 'nit-thud of pliosphatizing .decreased the
*iya, special I-rocess (very vaguely describled) aind then t
frict ien oif projecttiles in the hsrthe amnount of phosphate
driti stoldscreened.
deposited on the surface' was so slight as9 to he removed
*Actcording to BIOS FinalI Rept 6.14l (19415) retryl wva's
by plassiage of the projectile through the: bore. TIhis meant
aloue.nicsacstsc~
lcri
ea
that if the method were to be used for armor-Piercing projecR frncnf tten:
osofFbrk
)A-i
tiles tucre would not be enough lowv-friction -surface material
II et'
riscc'r.left
to improve the penetration of armior.
1) It lRept 95,613 (1947), Section S
~a
~tntr
'2)'tetbacer
ud Shiestofe
tren(948,
7778.The
under Panizer).
-the
Reference: (i.13.Jarrett, ",Achtung Panzer", The Story of
(;&ntian *lanks in UV 11,G;reat Oaks, RI) lAberdeen;Md](1948)
pores
b) Transfer the, article to a! bath containing 8 g of
r
NN
e ic 4aland maintained at 950
-Not:
tothe"l~cmyWarMateial
ActidinAfrv-i remaining the're foi P 'Fctly one minute, remove
List", Supreans' Headqusarters AllIied. ExpeditionaryIsvenaryc)
iAp~ril 10415, 1' 133, the weapor, designated Karl Force,'rsnpaeiinabc
Mrso
the article and, without rini,
Karl Ger'~t was mide it)twos 'htes 54I and 61l.S cm.
plc iti
s o
consisting of solutions of Yn phosphate
and abt
nitrate
(containing 5.4 g 7n, 7,g P 0 wind 6.9 g NO per
liter). The bath is maintained at 59503
Thneh
(hudrie.Aprmniss~iblIe explosive unanufacturd) After keeping in the bath for 5 minutes, remove the
edat tlte beginning of this centuqy at the Selilesuh rticle andt rinse, it thoroughly under cold water
'alsrik I)A-3adintdue
inoCgad
ne ls
e) Treat the article for one ,,,ilute at 95 in a bath
nautse of Coal ite. It consisted of Ain nitrate 91-93,
TNT 3-*51
otiig5go
fit~sr3-5andasnsrue
05~.silicate,
*Reference:
J.
-1ie, Ilicrionnaire
J.Daniod
des
"Iati~res 'Explosi,0s,
itr
ossigo
0tN
auid 25T. NaOll Per liter. Then~
45o 'NaN()
"l-o
Th~~fbonder~~
Vefhnn(.e
odngPscs)Tistr
designated a niethiod of deep surface tre tatment of sintered
met'll projectiles developed* by D~r V.IDuffek and collaboratos-h
as hiiisedto
metod insiisl th wea ofgun
barri.l9, andi to iiic-rease the effectiveness of armor penetta.
ritsn~~~
ifteepoetls
I
Previous to WWV11, the' Germnans, ;in some of their
ra i-fining
gun, used projectiles containing either a
pi,
lwt;~
G(,et 199
tre.%tci
hEvloet
1teO
G;r 200
.2s
0!
;.o
0, IL ;j
~*-a
rl
410
<a
a'
j
0.
1.8.
2
aat
~x
*-
.1*
*fl
'1-~
.m
C4
.j
4"
*0J)'N
.2
ti a.0~to W. 0 Uof
'uN
702
vul
r!
#~
us
0*
-USa
Ion
. apAqspplwial
-.
.jovaqd
co~
'q
UNV%
C
*.*
C4-
0!521
.1'
kq
*t
I.IO
C4~I~
0.
C!
3-.n-
C.
vg
-M
a).oqa
3.
.
s.
a1023
__
Os33
*6
_
t~
ap,~oadvg~
__
F4 .
_
,m
.
_
.
_
.
__
;
'~q
.o*
It
Gcr 201
to
oo
>.
'a.
.41<.
to
..
I * -iK ~
ng
aG
~a
is
!, .
It W
ell
..
f4
'43.
__
~___
_
~ _;__;________
__l
...
qI
11
6.P
It :[IV)~0
tier 202
'lnl formit Ildeliyde ba se) I.0
o) 0H
L'
Wd itCL
5 Iti.
a WI iU'trace the ,'J
cvirlotiac
wals 0 itted And OWi am11ount (if Ila nitrate cor'ii 'a,p
.i
i
w~IyIcrea
s el 1Ili
I tracing Ienigth was 900 in eter.
h. ). Tracer prillingl
C0(-ol;psitiofl for the above
bull;.t:
li~i nlitrate (,1.5s,Sr proxidte 5.5, red lead 10
MgI
I'owvder 1',.S ;Od nli,'lIAC.Wi
- - ) M),i
tr.lcr
Jor tai
abine bullet: Ba peroxide 53.0,(Rf
Ili ,a~~~t
22.0, St peroxide 7.5, Knitrate 7.5 arid
P
esn
0..r)
(ow.
enghwa
I U ( bO
n mtes.s)
co po
Trave
iro
for ther
pr24n abov
bu ltRel'
iiid
Lr~it'
re;:,.
~o
~a?
BaI) renterxd-0
for
pheraoxie
1.0,t M oxaae
25.0
1,5.1 ad
. aIde Ersatnz resin 40.0%
ni0tratc
ii
I-)'-
.1
'oet
p)
Noe'
and
51.0, INacabnlfat
22.0dru'),
peoxd
Sr
75,
ritrae
75,
svtavIand phenoll formaldehyde 10.0Usd;
ihotprmngyWir
not Ne:Cowt traer
u
fd
n7.20 mm Ammgunition in conctra 57,
on
"I) imping
Nacroaeom(ainhycontand
BaS rxier
'19, peoie'8
xlr
-Sr,
l f unowider 9,
and pheno fomldehyde fomlehd'10%
o) Yeriohtpriming or 0mposlamuition:
Baprxdex63.i2,
Srperoid5.32
omldeadoyde (10)0poyvny chloide
15.9 ntandsela
5
4.0Mg26%. an
10.62 Mgtd
(5owder
pu) .ledrlr
ignition primin:
A1Bammunoidti8,
Sr petroxie
5 1.,'M ,ofauorede,5Csai
Sr
..
9 ekcide
6and
phenolor
fra l dehyde
10. 0adplvnlc
ore1.
o
Ta)l 61igive,
tracr cof
sto oftaesadteroxid
diriirnt oloing
cmotiarsoetaepoecie
idrmrnt)
A tiicat
p e ;H.l
(sae
charge);
1)1.uelee
alC
Rr
l -z
A
r o-lirig
E p o i e; H C
t 145
Vi
e.
st
describedblw
2,'.
SeeudrTbe
3
61.~tinudr
Trce
hi
g
Arsenal.
aee
Whit 47renmolloiAtohalrOrcrpoetien
ihTngsaesm eCaribieg
e i or (Refs 2,: 36
a) 20 mmnannd'75 mm
IArrowhead lProj withf 1u~i, e64
Carbid Core (Rcef ,p
Illustration
7-)e efDsrynFro)
under
17 mnea
l'rnjectile).
Al,
rowea
it Tntie
1: form Al' anrtict
C/0eus (Ref 2, Oil 47038,410,842
pM 428,
I'
andol'phnol 'frnag~tes)
e1.%
sdwihu
rmn
Notfe: (c.001 Se uneder 7.92 61. ammuitio in cojnto
with1
fr
.;
.
*~'
A'Ir'jcic.(;.
2,p 5 -)
1,) 150 inn uilC. Pri'r for lIivwi:,.er (Itvf
1, 48ii7)
0.%i)1941 nml Frechcl llsign lIII. Proj for Railway (inn
,
p) 201 mmn IllP Proj h,.r Railway Gun (Ref 2, p 521)
-W0 min IlI Proj for 'Fheodor lBruno Railway Gun
280 mmn:1PI roj for Railway Gun (PIe 2, p 528)
(Re)
2,
pexrrinrvaioseA
I.'
Aniak.0C
chari
lr'i*.j,' )
(1 10,I;
:ceMa!ilusraio
1 IL'pl529).
b Rp 3-U
2
nn
M91815)
in
i)18m
(Sec-ataolsdoyd
i0lustratin
o) Rellti tracer for
20K mmller-.
ammunir
tion:5 S
oxid 17c.5,M for ., Fel actae 10. polyv
8
pinye reloidn
Noe I 'ii tr tini~i of.. the 24.5
w s Sre
and
.1 fra
Ii
v,
& i
/
H lo
tier 205
Treibspmogoigtlschoss.See Sabot Projectile.
Trenionit SII (Tremonite Si1). One of the permissible explosives used before and after WW 1: dinitroglycerin 33,
""/c
Car
/0r
,
--
"- --Fc,/ze
ae r SIt
Tra
or
tb-product
r--.
Trinitrotoluene
(TNT),
also called
'
-
for
Trotyl.
Tritolen odor Tetronol. An underwater explosive consisting
of RDX, TNT and Al powder. It was similar to Torpex de"scribed it. thegeneral section.At least four varieties of Trsiena are known: 'nalen 10%, Trialen 10(6, Trialen 107,
..a- T:.alen 10'i(Scc r:.';..
,
'G,
.
Trialens was used for filling the V-2 rocket wzrhends.
(See also under Unterwassersprerigstoffei.
tr 2(011
1 rilons
are 'extremely
* (I3)N-P-o(:
25.
it :wits prclpd by treating tile
CN
dichic~ride of dimn'tlhlaminoilhosplhoric acid (an irritating
aget aledProduc
39) wihN
yndeh~nl
~~ ~
~ ~
plannr-d
it
ncemcl~...~was
and ockts.Iniiall
th
Taun
sed n mnitons
* contained 5". Ahlorobenizene (Tabun A) but, to render
this product' more stable and to lower its varor tension,
the amount of chlorobenzene was increased to 20'.
(Tabun 13).
o
.
3H
-III
twr
l~ y
peprd
CI
te
ete
~also
ast
orb h
erngmn
rcs
mnoe3u
of y tlereaanemet
rocssmen~oed
utnot des -ibd
ain
-yClop
was a colorless, odorless
andver
vlatle
iqid
'
bou
3times
toxic as
as
l~u
tat
tothe arifat wa moe txicand
more resistant to hecat than Tabun, it was planned to
ax ti
uiin
n rfrnet
ain
According~ to McL~eod (Ref .2) , Sarin
was invented by G.Schiiider ' and is 'called the "nerve
gas".
meothyffluotophosphoric
acid,CCll 3
ester of
Ci3
P-0 CiI
3I
It was
3F3(I
prepd
the
German s
Trinitrocnisol
odor TrIsol (Trinitroanisole) (TNAns).
See general section under Anisole. rNAns was
used
-.in Germany during V6W I as 'a filler' for long range projectiles (Fernigesch'ut3ranaten) fired against Paris and
in some bombf;.
(See also Dinitroanisol).
Reference: A. Stettbacher, Spreng(1948). P77.
und Schiesstoffe.Zurich
Trlnitrobsaxol
TN B).
(Trinitrobenzene)
Reference:
Allied
and
See
general
Enemy
Explosives,
Aberdeen
PrvnGoud(96,p12
rntohrbtl
(Titocoobze)
(NC
Tlntahreno
(hniohorbnn)
(TC) .
See general section under Chlrorobenzene. The compressed
TNCI3 was used by the Germans during VW 11 under the
nAme of Filler 60 and wan cast under the nameof Filler 61.
TNCB was also used in admixture with Am nitrate undee
the name of Filler 64.
Reference:
Triln4 aout
940
I"roducti,,i, of Tiosstarted
lou
190ia ll a
xpecially
eorn'tneueted
factory ' at lDyhernfurth-An-der
Ordr, 40km
lo
romn'Iremlau. Thie factory was never dim-ove red biy the Allies andI Is niW In thle haiindI of thle
Muss nns.Trinltto
'section
Refereces:
:Refrene4:WW
I)at(ollo~nil, Revile Monque'l tie I:' Mink-t de I 'Ait
Allied
and
Enemy
lrd
hobno
SegnrlscinudrDclrbnee
Tiirdclrbnee
Explosives.
Aberdeen
TD
NC
)
a
(,er 2055)
Trinitronop hih olin (Inircn
hta n)
(TN N), and D1nitronophithelin (Iinitronaphithalene) (OINN)
were used
b,y the, ;e'rrnains during /V 11 in somie composite explosives. They were nianufacturoid at Semitin Fabnik,
Patriu ice,' (Czechc l~o-ivdkia. Sce a Iso gene.ralI sectio
tinier Naupthilene.
Trinitroresorcin
(T'rinitroresorcinol)
Acid
Se Trzin.
(TNRI).
or Styphnic
.at
~de.
TOTYI (rintioolune)b)
T .RINTROOLUL'
TRINTROOLUO
odr
TRTYL
(Triitctolunu)post
(TNT) Fbillpulver 02 1oder FP 02 (Filler 1902j. CII 3 HI 2(NO ) 3. It is described more fully in the general
.IT
Its actual use 'by' thc Army wats begcn in 1904,and the
indusitrial production started in 19)06 at the Schlebuscb
Fabrik, 1) A -G.
IFor the description of German methods of preparationuninery
o0 TNT, as practiced before,' during and after XWV1, see
*the books of Escales (Ref 1) and Stvttbacher (Ref 2).wehto
Thealo
nmebooagiv
te poperiesof NT.not
It is 'to be noted that before and during WV?I the
6e'rmans used a rather complicated process for the manufactume of, 'TNT., This was due to the fact that toluene
* 'b Esale
raherimpre.Thi
(Rf
metoddesribd
byEctq(e ,p 137.) was briefly ais follows:
Aftr ntraingtolcui
bymeas o wek mxedti~tICother
-sulfuric acid to produce MNT (inononitrotoluene), the
'~crtde wa
rodctsepratd
(non-6i1 frm te moo-s
spent acid, then washed' with water and finally withwe
.weak soda-tish solution, After blowing live Steam
*
through the oil (in order to remove the benzene present
,As an impurity as wellI as any unnitrared toluene), it
was 0cooled to allow the p-MNT to ''crystallize (mnp
519C). After separating die p-ldNT' by filtration, the
rmining liquid fraction wa subject ed to fractional
.distillation
under vactitirn using a column apparatus.
The o-MNT came off first, leaving the m.'MNT as a rcathe prcpo
'iduc'. Only p- and o-MNT s were used for
*
*
of
military
grade
:TNT.
prduce milio
495
li
Aprl 144.Theteo
iirtoncnitdo
hag
ITwa
olwn
iedwt
diino
cooled to 300eDrn
uigte h
diino
0
MNT the temperature rose to 60-65 and then fell
.ii~ri'.,sib~v.eini
p~rrt
fi ' I). '
ii
~ri
~~
24
Trinit-aton
dr olderi Krrinimel Prlant, nt' .atrid wats
tii
.1Ird~
to .
oil wirile in thr! newer plant tire- reverse
'rr cr'ru re "i.1i used whri ch is the curtren t Amaenr'can Prac'ti ce.
'ire ir. n.ethord was esnilyafoow:Semi-Continuous
1. 0
i'~irrrrr,.r~reirrrrior.,
~A)
3lie 4",i
2cdON
o
"Oa
it m terrip
Of
3
7
74~- 80 ruin, ilir' r-oil *mris addd'd graduinilly, wi th
.ittorwhil. thle .telml
kas alJ owed tri rise to0 i83.'I'llr rearction was comipletedi by' raising the lerorl
to 96Cr arid mraintaining. it there ,foir aborut .1 horos.
Totarl time of nitratirrn was about Cr lirlus
Cr) Separartiorr.
'Ihe rigi ation w~as strrjpper
anid tile
mixture ,illowed to settle for '2 hour. ':'lrr tri--oi t
crintaiining residrral aciO 1-21' IINO anti Ii* I'; II SO)
u-is transfcrrted to a washring house~and tile tri-sPe.lt
'.cid
a
was s lighrtly rdiluted with water (in orrdrer tro
precipitate out strrirre ,dditiorniil TVi') aind this .Hiuted
:reir was used for tire bin itratiori (see abrove).
NoE:
l-crntaighus
a
rvdr
ith an indivirduial
-fumie
recovery plant. TIhe gases formed in the nitration
vnAere removed through, ventillrrtrrs andl forced into rrb;rip'tion tov.er:; where they were sprayeli with writer, thus
iprriiriig weak nitric acid (50-55", conrcentraition). 'lhsducted
AitA was remroved for use in thre irrinonitrixtion.
*1) Puiicto
oTN
cnsitdoth
flown op
erriions
Thie tni-oil (called Rohtrl) was given seve.-al waiter
1
waslre'; at 90o
aninr the~n neutralized art 800 with, hicarbonate orf soda. The'resulting product had a setting
point rof 78-781.40, much lower thain for pure TlNT
0401.80 ) clure :rrostly to the Prresence of unsymmetrical
IX~~.
I
l) N'l antri otrher impurities.: IFor further punificatirrir, thre .eutrarl trn-oil was stirred with an equal
amount of water at above 80oJ Larti theIitemulsion cooled
* 776o
4 to
with constaint stirring to effect crystalhi'arirrir. At this point it itriuraired solution of Na
su~lfite (scllite) was addedl with continuous stirring~.
'Fh resulting slurry was filtered Iand tile precipitate
wrSaled i itlr waiter.
I
Nrrte: Tlhre sellite trearrrrent remroved thie iu.'nrers (if 'IN'T
(rioirtly beta-rind gamma" Irresent to tire amouint of 4- 4.51;,
II traftitrornthr~ane (TeN.Me) present to tlic iarmount of (1.20~.`11'. aridt koni
otherr ilipuritieri. Tortal loiss frorm thrs
wais 6 'to 1%'The' renirltirg pnrrduct, called)
.Reinnir irad 3 setting porint (a p1) between 810.01anti 80.6.
i~
rig
lkigadPcigtrrrrirsw'r
orreeithat
its frrllrrviii
.
lie' purrifiedi l'J'VI' w:14 fhelred ti, JIl%-90, rSepairated
(vwrii,' itr tire molten sMote)
fromr writer
anhi then
rhtir-l fitr uiechial wator-lircateri yeptela Ivy bubbilring
0 hruhi
dr(fi~
sr
RaSJ~-i) trrii
tir mnoltenr arri.
frool titn
'I I
rrr
rei
IIhu
tI'rgIcbrrhlrtaiorr lihe
~~trertment
directly
was
to it
wI ith
A, that
also ui
(,er .107
by. treatmlent willh hot wsatrc and then treated while
'in the ryolten, state with a freshl dilute solutioll of
* ehtlqeuing a total of I lb NaS 3Per 1100 lb TNT.
'rhe re'su I in g red waterr wnn decan ted "nd tl- molte
TNT washed twice with het water. Then the hot
wash water was passed thirough 6 cooling units to
r recover the TNT :which -was dissolved in the hot
i' cold.
thetrcd
seaatn
After~~~~ teslntcnInn
material
'rmwtrby
centrifuging, the solvent
wars-distilled off. The nitrobody obtained as the realJoe in' tile still waosintended for use in commercial
exposies
Th
spate
wstwtrwatetd
'
nitrobodies
~
~
~ hi ~ ~ ~steCninuou
(Ae
~ Nte simp2-21.I Nitant isown of perationTnT lat theSchee
This n ethod permitted the recovery ef some
Dutch Sectioti).
was -co"-.
IiIt v
*
se
I;cir i
;is
'i-;
%;
'Ili e cridcd
a1 droc'.
cra as Cetrcc
molllten
IN!
( ci(l
alle
itcii
wa;s ait
ilic'
, %%here if
,I vssc'
clone
Ic ctticl oli xtoarc %.is craiasticrrc'd toi riic 2nd vvcsv (c.fy
an.
ill tIC n itriation
ri
s imila.r icc ci' h( c' tsed.
t%*(,, nitor
%%,.ta
i
svpa~ratcd. f romc maiste acidic
(" (li
%hurct.
cr,
tailt-' I'M vessel
adZ's trainsfe'rrcd li
oil
likcit 'lif(
1.1cr.
'ai rc if Was Waislied, 'VIdc !;itill in 111i. iiiilltei state,
a Cit a4 [lot" li liic solIution olf such ijm sufIfit.. ("'etl i te) at
pll 5 to1 6. Aitcr this the tri-ccil wats separated from
then' Washed Willh fresh
ic.i.t' .*acr(411V vessel)C~fc
'lI
K)n
*
bat
T(his
waste
water
vas separaccxl
tilt-'
i.
or.
Thle
~detonators
At Was claimled 'that thle process possessed tlce follow%* ifig~ advantages tilevr till blatchi Jlroce~sses:
lue to the facet that much
a) Less tiiii , con:s, m~ipd tits
intimaute' contdct't 1'.'is olitair'clf between tlce
niilrt'
t'llitilstfit'd dtoplets icf 'INT' find the washing niedia
w filoss ible, with tilce olderietic
"tOlancIs
10) flette.r yields:-i5~l.1! 9f,-9V,. with d".. nhls'pr
caticlc miethods. 'T'his was claiicied to be due to the
fact that as actual tintiict between tile TlNTl droplets
IZatid waslcing ctceciii' is very short (less than 5 minutes
in e.ali c'olufan) thlere wii' practici-lly nill decoimpos ition
6in iefiiaval of (Ih il lpha l''T"T'fintd only the incluritiesi
were auffected
0
e. k'cc'rqailiy
o pc~dct:setin ;cin~805-fhJ. ,
bcytile older miiethiocd
Of 80i.1-8.5, CS'C
i d) Grc'iteir
econmny"
redced
I.teJeinr
litI c'-r wIith tile aim of re coverY"t 'lt'N'fmipilcritieli for uIfie in coinmercil~ explosives.
icin
It'(M-1 pro~Il~ci'ss, clot- crude 'TNT! wits crystiallized from
I' concentration. 'lie man.
iljit nitric''it'id of nc'curlvit
.'
were
ihtvc'loa-lll
a refiniolf
11.1-tlift
in:
icc ii
l.wce
iii
Itl~it urn
but wits
di scontin ued
Ilute
(.er 20'
with, I to 20'; of Montan wax. The higher wax content
was in the nose where die sMioc!. of impact is more
inrezise. 'The tail booster consisted of stra~ight compress-d
TN 1'
Following' re the ntames of TNT-wax mixtures used
fur loading shells-. Fillers No, 10, No 'I1I, No 12, No 27,
No 29, No 31)and No 100 (See under Fillers).
ote.- All the abovp mentioned mixtures, with the possible
is described ;n
(TNX)
(Trinitroxylene)
Trinitroxylol
the general section under Xylene. The German TNX prepd
by nitrating: commercial xylene was a plastic productt
conrg about 851; of trinitro - ni - xylcea of m p 1820, tise
rest being a liquid r-itr,,r4e of nitfatdo- and p-Aylen"'.
(Refs I e. 4).
In order to s~tretch the available supply' of TrNT, the
Gecrmans, durine, '%V II ,used some explosiOve co~inll05tirnfl
N resulted athog
w's uIe alne alhuhthe diiLo
o sedaloe,
TN
was
in the lowering of power, briiance and velocity of detonation of the RDX or P ETN.
In an ther group of explosiveteTTwste
principal high explosive component, the other ingredients
bcing added to' stretch the available supply of TNT.
inmong these ingr~edients were: Am nitrate (such as in
.Amatols 'and Ammonals ), K or Na nitrate (such as in
',odatol), DNI)N DNN, TNX, UN .A, C18 nitrate, common
slalt,etc. These exp~losives can be clas'sed as Eirsatz* sprengstaffe (q v ).(Re!
I )N A, was used in
One such mixture, namely TOT
sonle hand grenades, because it was; !presumed that in-,
* co-poration of a comparatively weak explosive, Suich as
ex essqively smalli riag.
etation'
o
1?NA. pre'Vented thec iorm
nentse
There were also several TNT & TNx mi''.ures and
:they Rte 'described under Trinitro'xylol.
195
epz
436-438
Niiaptndsof,
pp 142- 61, 90-3,
*2) A.Stettbachert Schiess- und Sprengstoffe, Barth, Leipzig
.TrwspaltS.A
Mi33), pp 261 -vM
fFpoie
umr
eea
ta
1) O..tcln
Plns(Germany), PB Rep~t 925 (1945), pp 6,. 33-38 &
4 1-48fIrence
4) 0 *.Stickland et &I, Survey of German Practice and
Experience in filling High Explosives, PH3 Rept 1820
&10xy'plkrlnsiwre
(1945). pp,268 14
5) Anon, Data on Foreign Explosives, PHB Rept 11, 1544
(1945), Part 11,tables I St It
TNTManfacurein Grmay, 13 apt
* 6)C~iBrolrs
.
22,930(;945)
PrvingGrond,
* 7)Alled &E,,inyExplslvs;~Abereen
.
Maryland (1946). i .;9
8)l.Iter et al,German Development of High Explosives,
P13 Rept 78,,,71 or FIAT Final Rept 1035 (1947) p2.
9) A.Stetthacher S'prang- and Schieistoffe, Rascher, M~ich
(1948), ppI 71 -75
.21
p7
Calcium;
nitaiie
a in p average of about 770 were used for castloading some bombs anti shells. For their manuf
xylene and toluene were nitrated separately by contir ous method.; to form MINX and MNT and the mixtureC
Ca
T Aniak
AP Arm(!r~iercingl;
'D A 4G Dynanuit Aktiengesellschaft; DNA MiDNNLinitronaphthalene;
ii*bnoe
N
plosiv6; ni. meta; MNT MononitroOtluene; M P meltino
point-, No Sodium; o. ortho;, P Patent; p. para; P A Picrrc
PETN Pentiperythritol tett5Oitraike RDX Cyclonite
TaNMe Tetranitroo RX;SAP Seml-armor..pietcing;.
irn plf THY. TrinitrflvylpflP.
tietol
or
mehae TNT,
.
eferences:
Abbreviations:
pacid;
TeilrN
Trlfolitol.
e
e
h
h
fmtyamnu.Ntaei
rnehlmoinNtaei
e~le
O(?
oIR'
eea
eea
idrFles
idrFles
t
i
e
S
.'li)
Willic
Tr ninof,'
Sypho
Triziont,
iril
s
Tricoot,'
unv
111,4.
u 21..
Mixture,
io
-Tn Sinat
'der
Biti
ipl''
etrzen
Tn iuinlund
T robach
Blei
I iiiieoniii.11*Iti
aS:itoxydskstz.
am
p.:wen td
iI)
rt.cc
ittI;:ie,
tal neortortte
vr drid i.1 in he hov mixure
a 'is (1602),l 1 7-6.
re
iinIi
~c
. s
uitabfle for 'driv iiiw tile turbine. wl ecras th.e steam
wa .4Suitabile for driving rockers or
ATO (assste
ake*.df)" units. ThIe steam obtained with,
-Sroff Wl~s not suitabile for dfrivinig turbines b~ecaus.!
it
'onitaiin ed simall pa rti cles of kfa
. %hfilen T-Stoff was
mixied with IS-Stoff (hydrazine hydratef in the presence of
K cupo~-yn~dethet res;ulting lisquid was found to ignit
s pon tane~ous ly.
Oeo
h:ms
neetn
plctoso
-tf
wa
siii sur
of
power,, fotrc~~~
.iuplarionso
aspropose
I-Y Dr l it-m t V
'a
te r.( Sce
l-floit %alter. Seven such
subarines (300 to 500 tons eaich) were iccep~ted by the
(o.riman Navy up to the end of U%' 11.
Dr Walter, who is now %%
irling in the U S A , recently
a paper (R~ef 7) describin g hydrogen peroxide
site
publise
w,
a1 s-ource of itove.
lieside submarines, he lists the
Tnoidor
A * FobiK
wa Oneof he panc ,il;erao
olltowiig teerniui devices where hydrogen peroxide was
for~ thle him (nfaturt, ill prtin'ii
and
in ij~timng~UOt
sasuc
fpwr
a0 A 500 kg~ AT?) (As.;istvd lIake O~ff) If 0 monoanJ devices.. It, UW'i1I' de velopments and
ie 1 ifA'ive';
2 2
fuel unit
activi, its are btriefly hesotiied by 1A.lJayfor et al, BI1OS
I ial epot .4.1(1'45)
iW A 1001 kg thriist, rocket propulsion unit for guided
fatt irivsl
mifsies
0 A bipropellant 1000 to 1500 kg .ATO
d)
A catapult with hyd:ogen peroxide propulsion
unit (derompoisition only) for launching V-I s
e) Controllable propulsion
for the Mes sersclanitt 263
f)
sc
Rocket
training
airplane
and
controllable
Reeeces:20B
Germmin)
*
*
of stitbilizers
Ldespite
thll
greatest
care, it ;wo.
into oxygen
226)
and water over a long period of t ime.
T-Stoff wats best stored'in aluminum receptacles which
had been previously treated with an' acid and trisodium
phosphate.'i It cal. also b~e kept ill glass vessels, but
z~,'n
R.Simard,
The
L'ngineering
journal
of Canada
31,
219-2'5 (19481)
F.ftoss,j r, Guided Mfissiles, Lothitop etc, N Y (191,1).
pp' 45-6
7) hi.Walter, jet Propulsion 24, 166- 171 (1954). Esperience with the Application of Hlydrog'en Peroxide for
Prcduction of Power.
Note: According to IL.A.Curtis, COS, Reporr 28-62 (1946),
p 23 the code name T-Stoff was' used'loi 82% hydrogen
peroxide, while the code names Aurol tmewaI in and
Subsidol were used for any 80-86% hyjrogen Peroxide.
Accodn .. oRCSif
S Rept 30-15(9),p8
th Ttofwa also
Cs tif
115e(1945,p 8
TSo(wsas
aldIgln
TSof
sde bin adsintnofaccnttd
TSo
eie
en
einto
facnetae
Get 2il
a 20" 5&ktC als 3-stoff (S).
.t
sdif,
liquid rocket pro.
pellants.
,Rfrne
.C.Stifl, (:I), Report 3()-, I(9l)p.U-Boot-21
*Uberchlorsgure
Set. 'etcjiderict Acid in the- general
section.
Lube'rtrouncsdiatonX(crnfenc
Distance).- Acco~rding to
A. SWcttbacher'Sch 'iess.
thed
sta6c
U betragnggoeff
odr
Snslbilit~tskoeffixient
1j 0 ,
(Tratts'missioin
C:oefficient or Sensitivity
Coefficient)
Accorditng to ,Stertrlacher,
'Shiess-1 und
Sprengatoffe,
of ), tet n a 4
r 5n n th
co tf a~ e
of tr a smssion
inlfcet'
is c l ult d frn
h
own
eutin
I/,hr
(e) is the weight (such as 150
g) of an explosive to be
initiated by influence and (c, ) is the'
weioic of n standard
!explosive, suchaspci
cd(A)sevgas
iararet influence.0A
srvngasan
* If rt
beweIite 1xlsv
chage
is1
m
t in !I.n di
e to,,ne
detonate50
of P A (chn5), it would
reureSgof
wud gv frte(e
thevauie
of550g P
P A
A.c5)
. c-5
Ti
o dgv
frte(L)
the
value 510/
tof = a~
.
50
o.
11T
Iro rdf
etnae 0gof YT c=50) it would
be necessary to' use f68g of
P A (c,=68) while for 508
of tetryl mnly '28g, cI
A would be required. This gives
Ifor (Le) the value of 510/68
0. 78 for TNT and the value
of50/28 = 1.80 for tetryl.
Note: The 'highier the value of (Le) , the more sensitive
is an explosive to initiation by influence.,
-requested
-ot
okt(oktSbaie.SeSeul
-otPokt(oktSbaie.Seehul
oder Unteraseeboot 21(-Boat 21)
21, in French) wns; a submiritie developed (Sous-marin
in the last
part of WW 11 hut nor produced i'n large
quantity. It was
77 at long, 6')~ m wide, displaced 1600 .ons and was
provtided with 5000 lip Diesels and 5000 1113 cle;tric
inotor;..
Its speed in submerged condition was
18 knots against
7 knots of the older submarine models "7"
and "9". The
U-boot-2l could travel as much as
30,0JUO miles without
refuelling or rcstocking.
Refetence: A.Ducrot-q, Les Armes Secr~tes Allemandes.
(1947), pp 24-26.
U-Boot Walter (lj-Boat of Walter) (Submarine
Withi Chemical
Propulsion) (Stius-marin
1~ propulsion chimnique,
i
rch.nodenttobdpcln
natshrc
o x y g e n fo r the op e ra tion u f s u b ma rin e D ie se l c
rngin e s
when in submerged condition, lI.W alter and collaborators
designed a device in which concentratud hydrogen
peroxide (T-Stoff) was catalytically decomposed
in the
rsneo
eragnt
nowne
n
xgn
Th
xye.
ed for opecrating the D~iesels. At tioe
same time, the e... gy liberated on dccomnposition
of the
hydrogen peroxide, which, amounted to 690 kcal/kg (calculated for 1001 peroxide), was utilized
to operate a gas
turbine ,0.h
directly connected to the propeller shaft. As
ab-prod~uct of this reaction purc
water was obtained
which was used fog drint-ing and cooking
purposes.
According to Ref 5, the above systegn
was called
"Closed Cycle Diesel Development
for Submerged Propulsion*' and the idea for such an engine
goes back to
the time of WW I when the Germania Werft at Kiel tried
to use compressed oxygen for Diesels. No 'work an
the
subject was done until 1939-1940 when the Getman
Nav,
some firms (such as Zeppelin Gmbli, Kommandit
-Gesellsch-4ft Walter) and research institutions
(such as
the
Forschungsinstitut fair Kraftfahtxeuge, under tie
direction of Ptof
* UBoa,Oe-an;OneManSumarn,
r Oe an orpdo
(Ema,
Torpedo)
n-Man
Th Submarine
consre ofe Mansmall
*
Kamm and Dr Iluber) to resume the project.
wman
subm rinedto) This
b
levofwich
aontorped
of wasmaltched
man
Besides the above mentioned Walter system
heubmrin
ottm too whih atoredo
lastt~h
using hydrogen
peroxide as a source of oxygen , there
by means of shackle-.. 'The combination was propelled
also a system
by
developed at Prr'f Kamm's laboratory whichwasused
an electric motor ii die: submarine operated by
cimptessed
storage
oxgn.Asbaieuigcmrssd
xyneintd
bat
ilo
eri
s.
Itou he
ltt the dev ce to
ith n a fai ly
as
T
ype
X
s'ho'rt distarcee of the target
V
III
K
(called
also Seehund j, w as nearly cam(such as an enemy
pletely built at the Germania Wetft, Kiel,
Warehouse, etc ) before releasing the torpedo. ship, dock.
using
The torpedo
Blohm & Voss Type XVII hulls, Daimler-Benz finished
was aimed by lining nipthe submtarine wvitht the target.
engines
After
and two outboard cylinders with compressed oxygen.
firing the torpedo, the pilot returned to his base
The
':r to his
Kamm's equipment was somewhat bulkier than
"*mother" ship (Refst I & 2).a
that of
No te: Some of submarin,~s were 'propelled by intra
Walter.
In addition to the type XVII K submarine,
combustion engines (Ref 2).
tenlplanned to build a suhmiaript- withi a smral~ler engine itandwas
to
Reerrce:us
.e liquid oxgn carried in two insulated tanks. The
I)rtlley
nonJurnl
Fild 3 pwork
on the closed cycle engine project did not piogres.s
1) PiAtoFelcomruicatryouna
from an 505 (194.)
very fast as it was considered by the iligh Command
Pivae
cmmuicaionfro
anengineer who worked
to be of
on their 2)construction
secondary importance.
aid who requested
that he remain
(See also Seehund and under T-Stoff).
* antonymnous.Note: Rocket power plants constructed at the
Walter Uerke,
* OneTar'
c/oKiel
-
r
Q.
a'Note:
Dee
n
Toi-pdc~i76(1945).
for Submtcrged
Propulsion,
CR10
Report
10-
~u
S~r iii~i~
f
an
fi
I ll h
Srug
Ungenierore
ynamte oer Slworefrirbar
ynmit
Unger~erarebytimiteode
Sc~ergerieboreDynaite
D~ynamite~s or fliftivuiltly l'ree,.ing D~yniamites)
I I~t-cio d in the ginural suiior
sL~ow-ireezing
l~uiuuiiu.
.
.
.
'lItt
foullowing: sub.stautw,' or theiir muixtuires were
usd . In(rmii
i(rdrt
i ute
(.otiin
pus
uiw-s
i on-t ret*/1 Civat wil te temperatures:
tiv
or' Irvcol,
iii, itrovh! ,uokldnin,
.
dinirroglycerin,
fI,
vtr nitrodijOyuuninl
diiilitniu,unriuiiu,
l'initr'oacetiin,
u t. tv.in
Ine <i Iin
aounit cn irocnuiuund
Suhs INIi, %INT, lINT, t-,-
* itu~leuri
I)I'
Niot . (,, i)?), p l~ - 81Sad
2)A.Sutcttihulivr, lirung- tind scli~esstoffe, (1948), p6.
*
Unnow-Nafuie
'E x l
. f
oIh
;,
,
uraa
t
':
were dvscril'ud in Allied atiid L~nvuiy I-'XJI'oSiVCN,
Aedvi 'tPoviin68 ikrouii,
%krl.os
1
.11,.4! ., aind -thi-r
%ources, lout for v~hi cli no nameus were given
a)
*IX"N'I
-0 '0ad.3'1.Udi
care
*
amtnuiin
grenades!.rddmlto
bre
iuniion
nd dmoliion
hargs
(t.a st-Ina di-d)
I
I)RI)N luellets"Lemluedded in.TNT. Used in 400(3kg
*
lituitlis(cast-loaded)
l'Sl5.'i'3ad5/0'.
HI)ITN'llx
ad
5,'4,'2
7
7 XTN~j
IT,.
11
...
/IINI)PbhA/TNI'/AI
ground
5/10, 50/13-0
(NI 14 N0 3 /IUl)X/'AlV~ax
52./5/15) 0 -6
MIxture 2
(N114NO3,1
4026)homapeds
arngte
th
AnaNosl2'3q V0~
.
ASN explosive (N 114NU3,/I)icyaildiamide/PEl-TN - 70/ 10/20)
n
S
0
Al explosive (Nl14NO3,1DCD)A/PI:TN/A1
63/ /18/ 10).
In addition to the above mentioned ASN and Seliw 19,
the following other underwater explosive compositions
~shells,
a
mxt
of~I/
;u*0'
an
amacintued and Nissuitl
or
)0 us
ithegrforn cAse or
One of the advantages of Nirolit is that it can easily
uncased charges.
Mixtures oi l1IETN with NG (.iitroglycerin), in which
may be incorporated some collodion cotton, were proposed
in !929 by A.Stettbacher under the name of Pentninitr..
(See Swiss section of this dectionary). These mixtures were
found to be effective in underwater explosions.
Below
are listed additional
exloies
proposed
before and during %Uif for use in underwater ammunition
~QI~
Unterwossersptnonsiofft
(Underwater
IExplosiv s). ' Fxtensivo
studv (h underwater explusiuns (linterwasserspren jmiig('Ii
and of German undem 'ter explosives was
coiiduct'd
by D~r A.Stetetbaclier, Zarich, Switzerland.
Ile describiut
sonic 'of his investigations in boo.ks and
papers &'utlislied iii .erinany and Switzerland (See R~efs
I-'). :olnc additional information on German andl Swiss
durig
Ne hYo~k
%ty i i
diesumer f 194.
nlyexperimental.
SPI1Ci~nvetigtin
O
Geinn aumiizd uderatr
SraihtTNT, TN l'/AI - 7%/25 & 60/40, TNT,'RDX cc uderAlunin~
5S/45,RI)XAI/'aax - 76/20/4 & 67/30/3 (called respectiveExplosives).~80/2
inomainxnth Exesv
omoito
70/30), 5.4 (matrix Sclt
andf vrii~s
ifvciveess uderwterexplsivs ma
S'3), S-5(matrix S-1 & pellets. S-3), S5.6 (Dinltronaph
arener
be'foud
Tehnial
i Naal lissin Erop Tehnial
/IIN*)PhA/TNT/AI -20/241/40/10),
S-7 (l)$JN/IINDPhA/
5,,
-Trinitrochlorobenzene/.AJ - 15/24/145/16), 5-8 ('INDPhA/
Som
( g I'l ISrpors
o 820. snicBriishArmmen
1rinitrobenzene/TNT/Al
- 24/6/54/16), S-9 (matrix S-1
H o varc
smet Dparmen,
iriish lin DeignDep an'
&peletsS-6).S-1O (mnarix S-8 & pellets S-6),S.1l (matrix S-1
Some Gentian reI'ors issued by the Cliiei;sscla-Phly-sikalisclit'
& pellets S-7), S-12(materix S-8 . 'pellets S-7), 5.13 (IINDPhA
k'ersuchisanstalt and other institutions. O~ne of the reports
/1'rinitrochlorobenzene/AI
- 24/60/16), S-14 (matrix S-1
i-. entitled Ilericht 6bcr die Arbeitstagun, Unterwasser& pellets S-13), S-15 (matrix S-8 & pellets S-1 3), S-16
!:preiiguii;cn Amtsyruppc Mar Riist/FI'P in CKM, Tagun gs(see above), S-17 called also Mixture 1 (saee above), S-10
t'ciclIit Nr 8, (Iktober 1945.,:Ilie data frome these papers
(matrix S-17 & pellets S-16), WASAG-11 (N114,NO3/IIND~PhA/
was compiled by J.S.Colcs in an excellent report entitled
TN./A1
30/1/55/10), WASAG.2 (IINL)PhA/TNT/AI "Suinmary of Un~erwarer Explisive comparisons",..ND)RC
241/66/10),
WASAG-3
(IINDPIiA/TNT/AI
15/75/10),
NJo A-1(,3, 0(SRI) N'o 6211. Although this repo~rt was written
WASAGN(+2) (matrix 'UASAG -2
& pellets tSASAG - 1),
values oif underwater cffectivene's, given in thi% report
The following two experimental mixtures proved to
auore 1n13 itlueisn tl
lsiid this
o
reason the
WASG(3
(rmatrixg Was
unewae
Apel~letsiv NASAG-l
Acicording to
Stettbacher tile principal exposies
It X/
/1/4C and TNT/N114NO31Al - V./2q.6/14.3.
are
in tti wixrk.
no
inlui
'Il
AA
isxlsvs
asoi
unerwatiera
us-d during .'aIfor
effeosives
Nls TNT,
loading the 'sea Inines (Seeminlen),
hefrtmxueisxbu
fetv
depth
charges (Tief'bomben) and torpedoes (Torpedos),
sTT
while the second mixture has the advaentalitc
thiat
it can
uLi'isiszed of TVN'Vand IiNI)PhA (hexnnitrodiphlenylaniine).
be pressed to a Iuighudensity of 1.84.
tOne
such 6xplosive composition consisted of
TINT/
(See also explosives S-6, S-6 modified, 5-16, S-19, S-22,
IINI)PhlA - 00/40, while another 'contained TNT/IINDPhA;-26, E-11 and KMA listed under lFrsatzsprengstoffe).
15110/b. The latter mixture was called Schlesswolle neuer
Art (Schw nA).
_.
, 1, 1fereIcIsr
nodrncs
Note: It is of intere st to report that previous to UV'anti
91 ry as 898!, the (kiapin
their underwater am-:
e Answer.Tobncedir.S2,234(l3n
Rposoe,
nitfouni line, called Tatra lei Gerhinn ) andl 'NII (trlinilto2) A.Stettkiclier, Schiess- uid Sprengcatoffe, Lehpzig( 9.33),
lumuuzene)
Straight TNT wais also round tto be suitable
Ill 396 -401
ats .uni underwater explosive. Towards the end of 'AAI large
proportions of alumninuum powder were introdluced in under-.
3) A.Stettbaclmer, Procter 8, 83-92 (1942), lCtiesasprengstoffe
water explmusi~es. one such mixture, kiiown as Sclicisswolle.
4) A.Stetthacher, Protar 9, 33-45 (1943%, 6ber die Wirdaerg
18 (abbrevinteul to Sebw 18 anld litter caillied SA1) was imsel
von Torpedos, Minen, und Tiefenbomhben unter Beriick-
~~
i cuD'
li
positnion
~tmsa
ter 211
nihing dter deutscli'e
Pp 13;-140
5)
A.Sert~cbr,~'rt.,I un.J Scit-of,5)rc,
5)
A.It'mlberjer.
V-2,
Viking~ Press.
TIhe
N N'
(195-1).
~ (W
14),
or Revenge Wen-
Pont - t)n.
*and
"*
,A) lkAC(;atland,
Development ofteGieMsil,
(195?)
London
Publication,
"Flight*
4) Anon, G;erman E~xplosive Otrdntnce, TMI 9-1985-2 (1953).
frp 205-10
BURNER
VE
(ALCOHOL
lable
gives
in formation
some additional
London
on V2,
.-
US
Metric
46'
1 n
5..
1.65 in
kg 28,4401b
22051b
100 kS
16541b
75",0 kg
Ih High explosive carried
87401b
3965 kg;
Alcohol (Contg 25% water)
10,95716
kg
4970
Liquid oxygen
25.000 kg, 55 1001b
Thrus t at iake - off
13:2301b
4200 kg
Thrust gain near Brennschluss
2801 b
127 kg
Fuel consumption per second
0.81'
Alcohol / oxy~en ratio in mixture
sec
I65
Maximrum burning time
-.27000 C .1-48900F
Temp in motor
I15.45 AtM 227 psi
Prc..a,.ic itn motor
15.45:0.85
I
Nozzle expansion ratio
rn/sec16725 ft/sec
Exhaust velocity
Keterences:
(Same as given underVI)
(See illusutratoa below).
CIhararldrhatics of V2
Length
Diameter of body
ak-fweht12,900
Payload
j2050
8R
TUBES
62
in
A COHILl.TANK
BLHA
CONTWL COMpA~trMENT
W9~~
AIS
-4
RECTKON CYLINDRICAL
R-(
CEINS
Li
U.
LL
I-
0l
oz
0~
w~
-j
o:
a:
0
ua- U
LLi
u-j
LL,
,r2 i
iiminatintb or
schiidiichmochung von uExplosivistaff:ui
M1aking Exp4l osive%H arimless ) . See gi.neral se ction under
Am itrte39 nd
uN
~o ~
individual ex'plosi1ves5.
Verpuffungstemperaturprobe
rcl.0(~nro
:atol
t
tast-15adnglIm, the
tbcAl
10,?
i!; in
I
IIC
Waisir~l
cIn
iralon
r cavtcselCIllrvlt catIC' avites Cfloe
into ca') -oaer iece
the cavti.
A
to" elatiriat9
I~n odr
()CiX
of Bisicuit Mixture A
tvechnical (a; nitrafte 25,
*
t~l
atr
CCOi
~'ijChj
l'PTN
COnsistedL of Am flitrati
sZ
If and IRl) IS'
W!.whnth
SC~C.,:
ReIference:
Ci. RoCCIet
cilid
501,
aomti
,A
w.rdpt
yrol(q
~Am
1111L
l~ept
85,1 (C (19-16),
reinperutusre
tmIth
Was proroe
ever.,
(Deflagraidon
Am9 o
p 19.
M,(i)
..
wits nf...l
Usd n"
nd V 2 (I o I iat
V. I
the (Yermans used comUlideiT Rocket l1'roiellantsir (Liquid),
n
fel
s
te
te gsolne
oidiwr s nd
presed
Mine at
GmbH, Tremonla. Experim~ental
Versuchsgrube
Dortmund, located previously to 1943 at Hlibernia Mine,
ofmnn
elsenkirchen, was used for theinetgto
explosives, such as methods of stemming in bore holes,
ignition of gas and coal dust, 'relative -safety of sheathed
photographic study of flames produced at the
mouth by different explosives with various
bore-hol
floaigec
borethod
Herfr~vncv: li315 [,*tria lept 1266 1119,17), p1' 3-4.
"(j6ssd
thle V-1. I.,or tile V-2 riclket t!,:cy used liquid oxygen as
oxidizer' and ethanol cietaining s.ome water as dhe
-explosives,
fueL' .'''
(lie,' Engrg News
Note: A'ccording* to J (.'lscrhinkel,
32, 2-Vf,, ( 195,I), asloel w~asAddied it) ljlohol 'in otdtr to
L.Ieel' the flamne fenmperature aq low :.S Possible to avo'Jidi
-d lmage,, to the' comibustioni charni-er of the' rodcet motor.
ltI-s of Iltifhe hevatinig VltIC,
51CC
* For (hIe sAintf rt'asn
such' as gasollne', were not used ill these rockets. It wim
Ithat a mistrun: of alcoh~ol and 250. water had it
flame temperature 71, lower than pure alcohol white its
i'3.%lower. This means that
exhast eloity was only
osbet
a
9
fwtrt
enadn
osbeto,
n
i
!;oo,
aert
onlidnmoo
o h
om,'what lower 'stlucturalsrnt
jhn
' A
itolsacrificing t,oo ,much in perlormance. Trhe same
were
preparations
1944
in
* author on p 25"5 states that
t~e V2 wth bsoute35
it
madeto xygn
-2iihabouessible
xgninfl
Mide
nitric acid.
~tie
* Ifound
~hl~i
(Testing
Versuchstrecke
vj-,jcj.rithvsttece
lerics, Testing.
and
Gallery) . See
Schlagwetter-
Gallery at
(Testing
Dortmund-Derne
Versuchisstrecke,
Iiottmund-)erne) was used for the following official test:;
of permitted explosives (Wettersprengitfe
a) Trauzl block Test. The maxinmum exp ,ision allosvable
for permissible explosives was 2410 cc tor a 10 g sanple
initiated by a No H cap
b) G;ap T'est (IDeronationsliberttagunig). The nilnimum
acceptable gap was 20 mm when testing cartridges of
mmi diameter were initiated by No 8 caps. Neatly
explosives had much hi 'her gap values
l permi-,6d
than 20 min and the sheathed explosives usually
gave a value of 300 mmndue to fihe sensitivity of the
sheathing which contained about 150; of NG
Ability to Transmit D)etonation (lDetonationsfa~higiseit)
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~~~ ~ple.'lisjid
V.3
(Vergcltung.,'xaffe
lDrei).
'S~ee
Unit i
V-22 Delay
mwits
llochdruckpumpe.
as uedI ofthe 5 cm.)
Verbrenritngsw~irmo(licat
section.
d in) cc
of FRxploseonral(Oef1).
eea
J)
nmefrplvylcoiewthtpat-
to
proinote
Pulvern (Desatruction
'Verni clitung von Sprengsaoflen und Besltiung
of
dorUn.gredlients
Beiltiung datUn-water
Epl~ivenandPropllats)
of EploivesandPropllats)
hV
Ico
0
l
aiylehroe'Nteh0,oo-rp
a
inof four
consisted
remaining
2. The
ign~tion
the other
to control
a dope
M' of187.
Including
(;ei 2Pr,
~*Iwachsc-ndcr
Viso..
r
T6Iradc name for Vinyl ethyl ether, described in
the genurul section~. It 'was used during WWrA
11 as ai liquid
islssc
sEsa
rocket ipropellin14 fuel in guidtd
I,Rheintocliter
R- and
as
fall. Absolute nitric
acid ,.:s used in these missiles ast nth oxygen carrier,
Refcrces:was
) ,Arwy
i
tOrdaancc 31, 10 (1940) (UA~~ral
2N V~t u.
d *~~n nnflof
ciiided Missiles. N Y.........,
114 N.
'2-.tle
*9-
VonS~ubenrouch Explosives.
Stubenrauch Explosives.
I
Ace under
orie(.hiarge
Droll.
'"Woffentraiger
vcke
etc.
Reference- CbOS Report 29-20 (104)4(.
Wal srode (Pulver) . A type itf sporting. propellant rnanufacturz~d for moumvyears by the W~olff Co at Ualsrodc in
Germany and by thei Chilworth Gunpowder Co. Ltd in
England. The orgx
rpellant was prepdl by gelatinix,ing pure NC with ethnyl acetate and adding wate, (25*1
of total volume) to tme resulting jelly. Then the mixtux,'
kneaded and .while continuing this operation, live
steam was introduced. This aesulted iii tihe foitmmation
.
.
.
.
.
~ I. -.7"**f~'
114-2'.
of92~
NC Fo
c:)lven% !1!e grainr
-.
..n.,=,1 un Icr ~~
with bailing water and then dried (Ref 1). The composition
of such a propellant, given in Refs 2 and 4 was as follows:
NC 98.6 and volatile matter 1.4%; its calorific value was
1014 kcal/kg namd volume of gas at NTP 875 1/fkg of
Whc
wanirg.
wa composition
nittogen.ie for Walsrode was given in
different
Ref 3: guncotton 77. Ha nitrate 10, grease 7.0, afW.&3.0, glue 2.0 and moislture 1.0%.
efertences:
1) J.lDaniel, lDictionnaire des Matiares Explosives, lDunod,
Pa.ris (19112), pp 801- 2
2) A.SMarshall, Explosives, Churchill, London, v (10917) p
)
asauhse
uvrW
de
rytr
ter et at.
Vo
of tll k~onn
without Vorlage Were mrviblthnthe
t lot I.s of reldfisl -Limoke 'prodluce'd by the Voriage.
"Vulkon".
A fibrous mnaterial pirc ared by hydrating a
crllulose with /n chloride, It was used tor self-sealing
gasoline tanks.
Reference: CIOS Report 21-3 (1945), p 4.
several weeks) the, more stable was considered the substinner under test,
Othmer Stability Tests are given in the generail section
erncs
erncs
1-) Stetnbacher, Schiess- und Sprengstoffe (1933), p 201
2) Ktast-Nlct,
1if),l
258.
Get 21a7
19)
ET!~,P..
E A~
1MG GOUNDS etc.Note:
2
20)
Bayerische htickstoii
A -IL
P-iesterjtz (Nitric acid)
Accnrdinr to BIOS 8489 the plant was transf erred o:
(JGR .,usmu&BarnfliVaiu
Becker & floll~nder Taffenbau, SuhI (Small arms)
2
oetwt
ctheIiiteratiure nditi)I 1S, CCIoS anti I'l reports,
Uar plinis wtere usu"ally constructed ini oetwt
cminimum removal of tree~s. lBujldini,! wvci or permanent
21)
and fire-prfoof chnstruction such as reinforced concrete
with '"le we~aker side for blast 'escape. Quantities of
24)
explosive~s permitted in buiuldinjgs were usually gre~ater
25)
andl the interdisr~incs le-ss il,:.I permitted by American
and Blritish regulation%. -Ilii floors in the be~ildinr~s were
26)
worers.
nwori
feun
by
deeyoe
were le
ovrou
butc, th
rather
1
inp.No
orptidi~
verhoe
shos wre
ornby
orkrs.Wanne
In tile vn;lu.ed
ir.1list
are included numerous
27)
'plan~ts and institutio~ns more or leess connected with armaml~ent' durin g WV
UI1. Majzority 'of these' institutions are
28)
.,osed or are out of esi~srance hut many of them can be
29)
ed.
A, am
hreppen
I)
und
Plant
ita) Adaim
Yehadotrack
jk' Vrieear~nift
at
ii,1S.~:)~LO
'u'leteligau (Motors)
Flektrizit'dts Gesellschatt
See Allgemitne:i
;)A lEG.
2)
Aerodivramisehe
Versiclisanstalt, (AVA),
Kaiser
5a)
4b)Alfred
Krupp,
Essen/florbeck
(Stee
foundries)
(See1115
ett 16)for Fial
marine in
insutrments and
Army
0b)
p'roving
ArdltE~erwal.
erk,
t;rot,,nds.' Sue
~rcl~ct
(achriey~
Walffenprqfungstrl ten
6c
31)
1 34)
5
I)
36)
17)
Thyssen
ct
a t
A -.
Ilaibomn
(Metal-
'lurgy)
FIb 'AVA. See Aerodynamische Vc~rsuchsanstalt
::14) Ba5;dis lie Anilin. & Soda'fabrik 'A -G (BASF), Oppau
*
Schl~ssr&
Co, Osnabractk
t~sting explosives
4)Budenis
41)
by
the
methods
Burberi
Eiewrle,
t~e',ar
(Apparatus
of Hichel
(Centrifugal, casting
1 1a) August
jirUck.
anti Mettegang)
3~)BW
e
elnShe
afn n Fhzugek
aregek
Buck-ui
38ba) Buck See Harln-Sub
39) Buderich Weke, Germany(of Gebr'uder B~her A -G
~
ien, IAustria) (Hligh quality steel) (ClOS 25-141
'des Ifeeres
0)Arthur Krupp A -(,. See hlern l,.rfer Stetallwagrenfabrill
Arthur Krupp A -6
f
i
11)
Aschaffeniburhger' Z/ellstofwerke
A166G * Stockst~ndt
am Muan (Wood pulp, utilizattion of thle black liquors
44)
(Small
A -G,
A -G ,
Hlamburg.
Plant
at
Schlebusch
(Explosives)
Carl Fleming, liambur -Neugraben (Ground and
ship pyhrotechnic signal s). Plant was destroyed
40)
heiceLktngerfabrik, Rendsburg (Sulfuric acid)
(BIOS 1642)
47) Chemisehe Fabrik Kai` GmblI, KSln/Kalk, founded
in 1857 (Acids and inorganic ctiemicals) (BIOS 1442,
p 105)
-,
Waeig
411 (eische
Fabrik Weaselin'
bei Kiiln (Sulfuric aicid) (BO f644)
(Chemicals aued
49) Chemische Wierke A -G *Thansau
explosives)
50
themiseli- physiktilisehe Versuebsun stalt (CP3VA)der
45)
(Miscellangeouti
chemicals
Westregeln
(C.hemicals
(,er 2 18
4;.hJt'
.i
A.
~-enI~etii
Suet"
rsuchsattstaiit
vkvfirli
liez AMaielft1d..
~ans
nd
51
l. a
SO)
)rietschit
* Mlhem
whlr
jlilden , Rhineland
and
and CIO
.lIUS5-6
alke iyvoc (Ce
Dr ,.dtaer fDynaniit FaInik , Dwrs'dvii.
leutsc
owSi-via
bttWA.
.1:
l)VIl.
fafirt
7(,c) DAm.
See* lh~atscht
76bi)
~iv
Vescsna
trEa
Kii
eahrzeugatfu
Versuchsanti .a It fur Luift-
Dynomit
Aktienoesel kchaft
(D A -G
or
DAG)
b-3)
rgnd((Idti'exlivs
c0 litiblitz- E~irentl~eg,
((I)lhet~ch1 .an
tuut
Vo..cunlir
~
~.v r~a.
~ 6~ Ihurahe
sese
Plveure
i~ur~ic~m
~2) ~rrtsre
(ai
Ishaf, (~l~(See
11ganktut t af'Main :(Sintered iron and Steel ammunition
* and w eapon components)
lr),eu~tscle l'}rotem hni %che F~abriken I(imbil I. !ants
in ditemberpfa; (Vaiousc h pyrtechnic
Iand \.umaroti
heN-Go'CDID
mxus
(,er ?19
-4)
Troisdorf
'(COS 32-3)
r I Sobingen, bei Auesbure (Ilesoiren by KA process)
diescription ifs gi'ven in CIOS
detailed
(F-airly
*Rept 12-8)
U sipreussen (l)$al, T*NT. NC:, NG.
d)bromberg
l)EGl)N so Iventless propellants, ammunition loading,
oleum f.rom spent -sulfuric acid, etc) (CIOS 32-38)
e) Christionstadt at 'Bober, coivered during 9,14 11
about 6!; sq miles a4nd employed about 7000 workers
(Formlaldehyd,
many of, whom were foreigners
TIetra-Sal.
iteskogen, NC, N~iu, 'M;,n-Sal z, Nlyrol
lording of bombs and small caliber shells)
*and
(See CIOS Rept 3.-8
Note: C.OS Rept 28-61 lists, this plant las belonging to the'
b~nmi f) Clausthal-Zellerfed, lHarz was heavily damaged
*in 1944 (TNT and shell loading) I
M)beritz aid Ilavel, %esihavelland (Ilexogen.
g)
1
itexamine andi N(;u) '
S
*h) lDhaitz, a/d Elbe (Picric acid, TNT, propellant.
and ammunition loading)
i) libenhausen,' bei lngolsntadI und Miunchen, constructed in 1914. was destroyed in 1945 except
for the propellent hection. 'It manufd NC and solvent
* propellants -(CbOS 32-38)
originally desi ned
iV Gowen,' 4c.,upriegnitz-AIlavel,
mnufctuingdurng'~In
,sva
aN(:plat
damaged in
neverly
'Ras
somte initiating items.
1945
38) (dOS 32
* k) GrUnberg ,Schlesiven (letronators) (CIOS 32-38)
tisen, fles 'Magdeb~urg (NC, TNT and loading
1)
* of bombs atid shells) (CIt 1 32-Mi,,)
ob
Laigo
ei T~ltz Shn,
lerin,
* i)
'96b)1,
and mines) (CIOS 32-18)
n) Iberzberg, !idharz (Loading of bombs andi mine's)
Was completely destroyed by bombs in 1045%((.105
32-38)
lessisc -L~ichte'nau, lcez 'Kassel (P'icric acid,
o
*.
TINT, oleumi fronm spent sulfuric acid and loadiny'
'of bobs and shells) (Clt)S 32-34)
Note: It also operated itplant 'at lischenstruth.
'' .
p) Iflohensauaen at Neudorf a/d -Oder, Nlark-liranden.
burg, (NC, N6 and experimental station)
under D)~n'anit A -c
iem
r), Kaufbeuren .5c
s) rKaufering, hi-i Augqhurjg'Land (NC and mortar
'radar,
shell cartridges)
Ror(L~oiding of iinal bombs
t) K uchelna, bei 'kaiot
79a)
71)b)
19c)
79j1)
80a)
80b)
80c)
,!Il)
Q8')
-y)
(Pcs-I..ading (if
~(Equipmencrt
'
'
3m-
0I. A,
Ilayerl
utnchen,
Woltratshausen, bei
L St , tetracene, PLTN blasting cars, detonators
and loading of some small caliber shells)
Eckert & Z.iegler GrnhlI, K91ln-Braunfeld (E.xplosives)
((:lt). Rept 12-if)
Exerlander Stablindustric, Rothau (Lentrifugal casting
gun tubes) (CbOS Rept 29-39)
Eibia Umbil, lBenefeld bei Ilomlatz INuL bly continuous method explosive compositions an6 propellants)
richhorn (K'arl? *1..-entabrik, Solingen (Small arms)
GmbH.I
Asisman,)
Kkirosseriefabrik
Eisenacher
Eisenach (%'capons)
Eisen- und Illitterwerke B~ochum, Ruhr (Metallurgy)
Kaiaeralautern (Metallurgy)
A -G ,
Fisenwerke
section
in Austrian
biAscnw:rkc Olberdonau .See
E-.isfild,(j.F.) Pulver - und l'yrotechnische Filbriken
in
1790,
,founded
Anhalt
at
Silberhdtte,
Plant
Gmibll,
manufd black powder and various pyrotechnic items,
while plant at Kunigundc manufd only black powder
Z.)
'
.oar
tlalt Grafkepptal
~ F/ Z~utgr,1t
ttgr/u
rfZpei
.97c) I-orschunguanstl
Fli~ht teseatch institute)
Note: This institute, also called IAZfLuftfotschungsanstalt Graf Zeppelin, is described in Ref .1a, 2.1-11 & N;
Berlin . Nov)
l'ateitte,
97d) F~ors hu csntwiclklung
enatd in research and development
instituio
of ptnssuitsblcfor mil itary appllicationt (Ref 1,
p 86)
Berlin, (Res4earch
(Fol~ii),
970) ForsehungisfUhrung
lDireettrateh was a unit governing all reseatrch 'Intl
orgainizatintit P-lative to the Air Force
Jvl,.eitt
~~~
Friedrich K napp
wrlnd 's, 1.1rgt-;t
100)
'.4~
Kit-in
istlrrfIlart
rl
'it
icirg~irg)
(se!1wrsad
d) Essen (Ilomv
Tns
r
Ig, rlagIc1,j
,
t) (rrrsonwrlt
f) ShipuilingU-P
Kel
au
t- nks
1)KiIShpbiirlni, l-rot1
3fl9~~and
(]lS
* (St
44
c
arcl Wufin fanrlrrk
rt'.
.Se11l(iTss ReC,
102)Frit 'iOl (,cw'lralrjk, /,01la Meblis, Th~ringen
.K
(Wearpons)
,plants,
,SUitM (Wealsons)
1I01) 1,rink &
bs
cd
lfuri
l it)(i'w-rk c. Frn lurt a i XI
*
(Metall'urgy)
, rtabIrik i, iresI au
Metm 11wware
i. 1tt
I'
101
I CtG lir~ider L inieer, liuderich llurdt, [lei lDisseldor'
(Stel
orgig)
(-IO'2((See
Erfrt
'~Im"
1--lil'tafnib
lir) ripl(lS0
(Wrrpon-0
I Ui.)t;cnnwiow-Sce (;ustia I(,enschowv
I~rben,l %I~tdeburg (Zinc
... voll (,irschecss'
I ) (rrg
sulfuric acid) (CS
tIin,'los
r
mi and
~cmi
~pts28t1,
~Ii
Iit)
1
(t
NMaschiitenb;%u A - G ,Grimnra
(,oIzern - Griattit
for il anul of explosives,
bei . Leipzig '(Marchinery
mpwp~
anProvng artouds)
tsplsrws,
a statiron
( Mctal-
Xtt'I~rv
tui
'Il'keou.
(fit
Wafeai
ganizacion% were une IWA juridcin
Firmcninstitute,
Waffenfrirschung ,
l~rrfivwc.en,
Waffenpri~lungsstellcrr
and
institute
I Iochschul
124 01 leervs Zeuganti, Ingolstaidt tArmed Fortes Ordla)
nance
Suhi (Weupons,
Itaffenfabrik,
Kritrghoff
125) livinrich
among then, Luger - Pa ra bcllums and machiine gun
for testing
Hensclrrl
tcset(hls
CIOS Repts 26-86, 29-30 & 40-8-1)
Plal?.
lailermanni Orth, Ludwigshafen/Oggersheim.
for explosives plants)
eie
n kedn
Mxn
Waos
(Mixb n andseekneaingach devl ices ls(i
Wao.
els(IZ
el
11 )fcseliWiuaih
132a0llillersleben Proving Ground was one of the Arm's
)'
Idts~~~d
1
ias
unsand85)lislrments
well
as
their
governing
boady
of
lDrahr-
Arnmy lWeapnfIs
Office)
I116b)IIWA.
See Ileereswalfetiamt
4.
~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~
44
.44 a
4,,,
4
4,~.
3~4
-
4444
344344
434,3..
333
*.
.4):
~3',
'131
3.'
:l3'3.V.'!
4'3''4~3'
..
34
W4114i4f,.ol
344
.......
..............
3
,,
""d4'..Z'l
2,,4.
(3
44
Sf 444434.44
3344.
34
444,:..'
14
It4 L3*34~j
hZ1
..
*.
.3~
4.
444
.444.3
.4444.443443
"I
4--hill
,~
"
vi'.
44
'.1 .4 3'!j44
, VI'.3..4'
)
3
3 4.,.444,
3
4
33
,,,
3.4
.t,.
4It .4'
44
34344.433
fly
I-;3
3;..''
44
4.3.
.03.%'Ili r
.fle! r
'3'!
:- 444
)A 4t,14t
3'44
4 44
4,3
~~~~~~,
~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
334.3
~
~
,.'3
'
3339
'944313
39 3.
1
13349 91
i
34
4453911
is. 3s 33333.3: 33'A
I 334.339
I33~5333.33
~~~I343., 3333'5~
for k34.o
.tm
n~1334...
I'
t....
3i3.4
9 44
~ ~~ ~
~
~
~ ~ ~ ~51 s., ~~ ~ ~
.3
,44
t..V ",if.
'~,W
434II
3
4**~4*4
.1 444~'4.
434J34
4444
43
33433443
4444
ai t 34.44.4333
1343'.
J a
4.
11(.4W1
4tf,
1;
4 .
4.J.
(144339ci).
It
ms.'r
I 4(.1161
iefets~ii,fi
.44
l,44
)I
11a L
(Sanaill Arms-)
Ki,,&
4.~
fill,3I' I '1i3
3 3.*4iI"
I5Y
91345,~
.S 3
44434.),.
~~
1.
3444Oit
(3444 453 .,3.'
m I I '
I )i4 KI, 341 KrS'. see riedric
V
1' 7.
Kiiriov3r333
kt.
3
rut;3'. Sv
lo)
A-;
oe.t
JIM31
33 .
icu
Similar
insti
tutes
bad
Cannstat,
Stuttgart
(Metialluigy)
I (,If) ji135ko
propellasnts)
19)
bJ3 Mannesmann
..
4.~~~
weldmn'~
(CIOS zic-R-1)
(J)'.1ZK"mmV733
low...)
3
"C
A's
4 z44
(he3 On I 'lq(
Iti 33 i, ior lii3 m.3 I
P333333ro O333
13 .3)i)3
tt)
L3333'
3' 3t'33(~e
13
lItulf31Ctdff)v(jrVc!;t). lulil sc~alv tMflM. was Mnaintainedi
f(hJ'r'lin devicesl
1flw
(II(3fK0~33
144(
notd toof,
11341 ,,,o~o In fe , ((33ollot
rocket1
I
nto I 13ifc
llatiooif Vc
L k2fuwl'1
T 1 uestingSaion, 993e
hI chlin~y
'
Toaing 3-Stto
LuiM.tw
-ge
53 S-is
1-essli TeIus 3t1i 0
i.,l.abe
6
(IZG3
nt
el
9313333
J{ahr.-"r.,eke.
LDuisutIA/Ijucirinsen
179)3
'
171
MAN,
Stl
A33
fis
3,lll-N
rn
(Researor
ote3101)ru
etl)
CO1-5
11
,9
4
~ ~ ~K9433333(343413143
~ ~ ~~~wifo
,~ 33443433ftr.33h' 1.13"1
it44!3!1; uI5
03.33.
q443324
Alf1red3 Krulip4, Artl33U Krup'p 3333.Friedrichi
equppemChiine e.3iti,'s
(Ref3 41t p,li 3Cop4
laes!ischaft.
and en3334Iove, l
.34113:13inc.iictri
A -IL
33(334
rs'
dino provi
ird wit
4
1 ats
~ad
'
Yupp3
is,
odu;. atot
,ivO t.~
a(-if 4439,
S3IC If~i 0.1..313
I3if3,35
offioid
%urh
,i
segtlwrke
l.5Is
Gmb
33419,
3334.44,34
.5343 . 344134.443
~
.
II,'tk
the. weapons3
4
939233331
3343
3.4.4,iok
61
-.
.,
levl3334)
il .3
104 ill,
434344449
334.3
5
aI3.r:3.A47
V'olleenrode ,
firatunsch~weit
(AcrondUtiCjl
rah -- oinicizurion; .dI'sot.4atut rat le~rk. ,paided
9i-saisvhia, tuc5ker ftfireli, 33(4)' ((2103i
Note: lAccOrslitt( to
O.I.I33m
lde 4a, Ill, 12-24 &i 7"1),
.i :EA occupied .33 anae
' SUituale mile.s -and vfolopyedl
S.p
'3!rr4rj4ns.g,
I~347~
t*
I.V.,
"l3for
33r133reJ
9133
Iac1I~ Sp
03539,33
'1333
f3i -IJo1l.
L1i wv i. I k A P2.~4
pt
i3C
I
.jg,4,4
.'''
1(, 9il)3f9,t
35I)norr39de34ry(
em
_.3r~r (mintilf. Hi.e~n!Kjjge (Steel foundry,
Y rt ll....
.43
Itilb)Li~lhenth.&l
150)
43
'
e (otty
fu94s)
lvn ,11.931
St l~
34))1 Ite 3,3I 333343
(NT43 D IF N,
CU09113
c4) ScIIoi33 344,k it J3I.I IA,., Sladeur
~4C3.3331j
~sc~e A-G
tlnknt.33
fightin' v~erticde)
a ~~~'3'4.3:(')~
333) 1oh~~rwrk
ii(~
(.1339933I(3U543
(133143Il~d
)uIniturtn
y '34d~r- ~usat3i3'bcess)(dS 2573
If'
I14-2 (1'~lurm'l
it I,s4 ,
Ao.
I
K 31
nk.
A3'333r4te- und3 Rtohlcii'.tuul vsh443u, Berl in
'
it
b44ran
93 , at3
k jir
%6.fth3!r. /.t'lla ' mchlis, 'Ibh.ringten
1 HO1.Kirl~ /.eiss-Sr~et Zes (Karl)
..
,33.
I j.kl itt.
491 % 3h'9(t
t.3h'9i
it.'1)
K43ff
44343.
44il
.4.
1.33) Kar
.33 Ii'
4343139
.-
3334.44 443344444
ve444
k43343,1
144
0
4.343
54444
1 134,sii
54~4344.
1 Il4.'4trif44.3444444
I
.4
33494
44
. 44.
.
edraichNacri,(3INiI) (m,l.
fl,,,
I 'It') N i ebeck er
und
Sliini-sclr.r
Iserlohn. ientf~si..
19.NOrlIeuts, hit Alfiiiiere , llanibIurg
Slui
cdI>
c o n t a t an d P et e rs enr t o wt er n it echo dis ( lI I )S l ( I
9u Norddets. :jei
Ma %chi nvi a Lri k.
Berl in
a
9 8 a ) . Nl r d ,I oeu t s e h
Sp rv n ,' st o ff~
t jerk
A - G( , (W
I i ot ill .itn at Quitk Iorni CExpjlo si\veti)
b44VA. See N aclrichten Versuchsanstalt
199) 01!:
A -c; (Subisidiairy (f
(,eneral M otors), Plaint
a t Rult
ss tels lieii i, n ea ir Frian
kfu rt aiz/ ( M\
o tor-vc h ic le s)
!OOOi sIk a ir F is eli r l iI r ik M airk iiorf be i liode n s e e ( L a k eC o n stalct-) Wrtc-iice
.,
.\lniaviitcnlc
Bomb)
Itil
I
IItri
e Isio
ste~in
0 t0s, ii ha
pvynsr ' c if i c,1 2-t j s',
e ap u
k((cllll fur
3)
S2-1
hUbvS
i n frk
Mi i D r wk n!a
h
S i aI t t
Iii A~i k(McI~i ihn ery aio
njWeaip.m
Wns 26,--:2)
of*8explosr
i ve"II
, propell\ancts aidr
(Mammu
iti,
for) atnu98
'0)M
pouser
W er , Aropel hWints naida
nli on,%i~j
c) ,0 e rd r
X - LarMouser p lar t m a ffnu
factu rin g Mari oisr w e a)
' rri orf
cai tti k a
. tr '
i p i l s ,~ i t . c t i i ,
a i O
i
i
~c
.1oBerint,,'t
4ie
10 Kairl sruir
bn
n1'svid
;kpi~li
1,ri rk rnlieu
211)1lnlrikr
KuPfter-
0 15
und
lralitwerke, 0sna~,rdck.
c)
K'flnFlienft1*C
(Ammunic~on )
'D) 0t ridtriiii
11 Pa:t ron en-, 2.61iti-Adii ellci- Laid %Metail
Iwarenuiik
S),Waildeck, licz K Issu
Vorn-Ias Se!Iier & fllIi
chmbc
nIIIi~
(I)~w
if
i 5 n o,r
1 1)Meponl'i~vi~tij
8
inolc
adbrafounded
J
,ous d.e
in 1829 by the
af~pi u
ic .ie
hijs
.lelc (BlIasting~ caips, detonarors- pistol,
Proing6roid.ce
errevolIver,
sport~ng
and
hiunting
amniun
ition',
Ik lt~frz-Wierke , kwber
181~~~~~lMerz
Frankfu'rt at
r
nn ' S 74.
(i
ijn)
CI OS 'I 2-ilt
20ii
'11) P eenemiinde
( Amiv HockLet and
"IS2.0) Mital I,ges ll . c haft, I3tek enh cimlie An
Experimnwtal Stiktion),
Iaije, V-ramk f-r
,c~iteI o*il the li.citi c cst,
neair the I-cen,. estuair.:
~siileSc
1c82.)
ta II..WiIsin PI aitt irwareni fabri k I en Armtks
A -fft ill and A -~,Oberbarmen
Vuppettal Ammntainitioun)
.fa I *lrecifthti-i!
re
i IIs rlct lrIuciilinicen itnl~l I it Seliandusiiof
and) Se terhiof ( Ammtunition )
.a):
abutM7is)
li.tiI'roittI
Iant rockcti de'velopmnt~
v1tih i.ticilt
Uaciter lDirnlergLvr in cliarg(
V.1
olu, i rm-keats wcrc teveliiptd and zest
ed
ctc:
center
Vitstar
sI
A -1,,trtei
~i
~ ~
~~dLbn(nus
~ ~
~e
a.
~i(929)
N.Mi.tre weapons
't J it
IinI ls
j);z.*t
)2lI,)
nt*.i r
~rton
nbrl
nea et10
N ittrliz
I)
a 1, ncup
fo ;iir reliCz Ie
t),
(jI,2lsI~ilist'I1
tht-Armtiafl
rvc Mic IAi, Tll
( oui i~iCI
IZ'~
1
reerhwr
'U
I)) ) stlt
Hi hsvtsuci~u
u
I ld hr
Iogri-hi
'
vai
l2.)~.~i,~iiia.rat
fut
lin i
Berin
Adersiof
Atil urpshoarf
((2
n
eerhet
rI.rirnll
t)lrainches
IReinsdorf Plant. See under 'WASAGfoegcunrs
*' Hr mto
(ewvh
rfab~rik
i,
Suhi
I
Sach
sei
O'*a pons)fitgi
(s)
21 3.,
21z'kIi:H '. Sec I'eivilsforscliungsirat
j1r
22 "t
see h12it2ilet ill-Holict As
2))Elinosci.12
D y n ;2nit 1:a u k ,
v: h plants a t
witl
il,1en :16.1 Mairv;felJl (IndustriAi explosives)
II i scl.h
2II
(ltli
onj (:v liiioid
1: a unk A *caL'
ttainh mi Neck ar
(( tl IUb 12C 121 i .
rt.
- 2
l22rubber articles) ((;lOS12-1K)
1)
llleiaim:.che Mrlwrnund
Nlascltinei~fiibri k A - G. ,
2 l(. ii'.he
orf. Sri. rtzts-er
lolitinnieuili-liorgig
ibl A -6
si/Irused(t
.
3\ einice
los
t npritpa r-\ed by k in till,
Miion1dmrunfl (C-11)
*
Iltiespvme
~~
by
injt.6on
~ons
~
molldig
(O
Iteflin
A' -t
oepff
.itiI5IC
cloits) ivlutrt
Indusrialexpls
csection
I H1
) Rheii'mct.alI-Borsit; A -G , l)Ussel 2 Io~f-I)crcndtrf.
(),Iit of tli I. argest manufacturers tif vartious mlacha lies ,
allI'iliiin mtin (incl uding guidedj missiles) and weal ons.
'I'lit firmn Was founded in 1881; as thte Rheinische
NIMtllw iren- ut \aschinenfabrik A -GC, I)Usscldorf.
if )22
it inerged with thle Waffenfabrik Solothiurn,
S"
ia.
l~iijIJn in I 9,,2 it n-.crgcl with the then
bakrptIor:;ig Wlttrke whic p-sse
a
wleqtuipped plant at Tegel. a northern suburh o lvilitil.
Tefollowing
thieinmetall-Ilorsig
plants were in
tipiratiiin dlurinig U'.( 1:.
;i) erlill, Miharitnifeldi.
2
Yet1safety
0) !:)rlrsian
rterlin'c
.1)
t~il~tilPlant
I) Uncerliiss
ground, c kllltd
Schiessplatit UnterlUss
! N.ote: A proving
s iaedttil
Referencs:
.A) (,.M.C:linii. Thie 'Machine Gun, U S Govt Pirinting
I )na'Ii I
Fabril,I
KM if. III ni
at
I- riiv
t~itlh.
and.
bvr
ilS
u nrou
Ioloinwgnre
is
and
partial Ht
St i
Sieeitn s plaunts:
a) Sivremes-Re~inick-e-Werke fierlin, with plants at
[nimi.2 -i an~d HudolftildStii!
F
I )ectirita) eq~uipmetn
such an
.
X-Ray apparatus)
I,) :;ienieis-Schtickert )V.erke A -(0 lierI in (Electrical
I_!
ir.otiiie anittun itiol)), with branches in
Wi en (*Austcria), L~ondon (England), 13io de j anci ro
(Bra~zil ), etc
c Sieniens-Wernersvc~rke, lierlin-Sieniensstadt (Dyiaitrnots~lectric
IIRptH-Iusi
motors, electrical blasting e Ivices~etc)
(See2
it
Re)
Slarliurg'L~ahn.
(Nietallurjgical
research) ,See
Replt 9(16%1(19-16)
2.1a)stahllwerk.
Krieg~r,
D)(sseldorf/O berkassel.
Ruhrstahl A -6
241lIty-ane-lcA-,,Mre
ty,8trec
P11I
See
~iwie
~130
(,er 2.
%2~dl
(nfl!
I, I rims.:,,
s. t9 I ,rpt-do k*
!rr'uI.
l It
lii
iwitz., schlrlvsjn
was
F
pitcvirr~t 0,i
rr'4111I
najttrtreurailiIerren
V I( nmcdaftr
te
!-)'i~l~.~ki.!
fle
*
Vd.'
i-
'
C( stli
o(
~.1)in(so).w ij
Anhald
Ii I ari,,us slusiysai
b)Estg1
guOlxgntdnti
ain A it
1 .cr.u(Ivociailrtr
)
0)lii
waldi at All endorl, Kr 9larlwrur
h
(ernannitrridilplenylainrmne
and ammaunition, Iila.finx,
an bol''
I iru
d) t0.irvlruck
(Nitrucellrilos,.)
In terl'reut'r'Sie
S
P:.
Interltiss
:" .I
.
!(l.~,
Gm-V~.1 Set. VereiiniJ!t.i OULutSelrt. Me'tal Iwerke
i)
l 1!S' X':. fel%
ri irk /,. I l.k \1011 i S (U~e l'ssrrs)
24 (t9c
lr*.r
- I.
Ot autsc li
et all we ri:t, (ViAI). St nt ii it ll..1
mWtrkf- \LLiiturod
ttlirrtgtir,K.irl.sruht 0,i-rci
irs-sr aridi
se.I iamnitnitiori ird 'va~pon
.
comnponen~ts)
itrial
501, \Vvrr r
ti.
I e ivhr iits ill
L
UA
erk t
(inmti 1, 1I.irrti' er.
~n
it Ci
iintm
iia.
til)
an
291)\tS:
lin
See(it'-si
Trripniv part
iii rrt
!Ce)
-,ki~t toir!s 'urd1 gird ed intis si Ies' r
io s 6 -16
anJd evelvr'wl'n.t cenetcr)
-5S ) \ rsulistI t iectkc IIririr urd/ I trne (list iii : pr
iI ry
0 I-angel shr iii, II arz '(Ni tr.e .itid)
....
...
vthite
'u-~ s
-1
1;1
iIse fii I4I
lc IIi?. Pr
, X
s( I in (:I is ?,,-(M
* I .rrr'69)
dr..~
rrttrs~
UMc. 'ccalenlabrik (umbli, Snlia,.en (Utcajlrs
25.
Vol
ria~d
' S,ultir
-(A
liriun sdliwei.-u~li,rsma3-0) Uo
clfiniar-iiti.rrl
irk
.
Svet
alr
l.
Ialeidigr
rodcl
(I'll Sii. iinrd optical devee-s) (CIO; 2,-.'() ,
27 1 Wolff & Co, VacIlsrode, \&sitlrpirlivit at;
* '9S)
Ia)
2 olkswagenwe~k..
BornilitVn(M . I riilel Ian ts and I t1ial N sol ventl es a
V,
1ar l~aleralt~ktr
Falriie
AuturrorIleS,
1)opellants)
j eep%,
V-I arasilt
'r'rars,'-irs
250 kg
Ii) Dsiverdetr (NC proupeflants)
irurirlra,~ lrr1(1)mokr
eec
er. u n.'cI.I
itrri~~nlitz
(NC prorpellants)
(-iissliiVr d if i5r11 cit il0)0 were forcipncrs (CbOS 28-40r
d) Liebenau (IlUlNlrulillantit)
25(taf:sa. Se'ca (lvii-f-irstirung
0) .calsrude (Bllack liiwter and NI. lotiellants)
272 Utillnrersch.as ser & utiurth, lerlin-Bubeiisberg
2sI' 9.affenliuit l'ruNjwsen (Walruif) (Arirr3 Useapons
(Staoffice
I ility testing apparatus for csl'!osivces and propellantsf
for lDevielrrprrres) WaS
9
in chiarg, of research,
273a)'%
iirtrenrbergnische
letallwarwcnfailrrik
A -(;, (.eislinger.deeomn
and testing oflarnry weapons, aarrninnition
Steilge,(ieislingen ('Aceapons)
and
xr'osiihs
lrali{fcnitdo
Vl
cc
2731,N'tVA. See W4as.serbautiVersut-hsanstalt
d;visions %)f which '%al`r~fin
1
was in chargec of
271la)Xve-ks-)kn A -6U , nresden (optical.
liquid-fuel rockets and Wal'rif 11 was responsible
photiturirrical,
piezirelectrical etc d
-ic
for ballistic measurement.%)
fo
oi-ulrces
pp
shu
g 8
)
~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~hbr
Te'oc-e
cal-60
als
(Wafe
I-orschuets a(Ref
dets w Rabkmnerre
wfe'i,
w san seubnrminde(e a ,
-weapnd CbS ihteex
27-7t andf 30-7,
pin
ung
(19.1)Zes
(Karl), Jena (Optical insrments)
27' cZ le A depart
entlof
thR ich slutah t~nserichrwsc
Nte:d-iini coring
i
tofcoSim uonn(elf 4airrf
pp
( ie79,tef
RO&4a,
st5a)nds for t enraltlef
wissenschaftlichesBrcgr
by th
I)L (derutsche
ersuchunnaal
de
thceralfzWI
wa
fot
rcs, B e rlintAded ao indvls
eastrg a ctednof n rcrd
i
e
P
tfc
s whsich
cti
handled
wrd o chal~ots
durin h wrb
ee ra in eres
Zubjeth
Lirshin~ent
All8
Ivstgto
of a L terhal
h
ntr
Glihue anm
in
( xlsvs
yovenmn
rasearcl an
eeomn
ete
oSuNtbaebbribelBr
Noe'Ammurdni tion Sio
Rerac)
0&7
te
s
ata chsfo
Moetorenwalke (D iesesenginesl het
by (See aVls (rfDeppsceli Vrsuchua~snstaltuthe)
a
277)le diumrinannewa Leipifoned
b the)
nta 18e(eviacestAl
pos) usedientblistic mesurbne
nts suchhasr henrolnogreps,
SeseKar
%ate
,'
: :
i
25aWb9.afeprlifun
See
'
(Ab)etrlttl
Ptv 1(913
261a~warihf afensmt Priteese
uder Peeemnd and
krunder wfereloamtPlfede
at
.une~of
n
26 G)Waterw eRaukeme, anKi
~
(Rocesedkt
nmd
fuela,
jetproandIO O and
720- 4
300111)
21)ASG.ond wsee locatfieh-Aat
aa
Sprenof A
262)Ulassenrbaungcsuchsen
derL
uftwaffocel (Aresearch
arvnddeveopment ofr longcanged at:Rclnd
Flakn
roc t
e
Nt:Accodin to Simo
(Ref 4a,71pp
& 17-)3h).
Zdrari
Jlhim
ih
n
200was Secamouflage P
the
namee
279b)primrs, astefitvfusens,tc)nhflc 126asraer
~lf
lVrchanstaltrl 1SeudrPeeud
Saar(Initers,
n
Zlihndenvek
f uraderto
Izms
Nebblsen
oaffeir
Peenwemllnd
A
- eSe
B rlns (Govrfn ment
'nsaltosmvd
280 Zelndhltclrn und
deatropmntefa
erk
vorm
261chelsee in rder to- avoid frequent
Sexlosives,&
ts
bombins. jetensive
ammunitot.
Se aronndrJnuMet)wa
pwor
sion,
the
ideriobalistiles, ofon-rDangearckatets w76s
)
Zepplirik
lFidrcs
n isSbiir
done
at
S -7 and
2815 MiahMtrnw
e(isl,
nieec
261) WerkAG.Seu'macierifbrisk ()erlirti.ch SerenSgis
ctitri
A
-Gl.(SeealoGf
Zentralin
For
wsschafgichst
262) Wasserncr-Pfeierrsu
Berchis
MahschinenfVabrKoen
seeu(Resarc-h
277) Zimermnsenizi,
Canndtdevlpmn ofrlmong (rixnge
one
n 87(eie
and Flakirockiits)
Note:Mnc
fte)rpat
n cupe
uti
egu
chiners,
grainers
fo26h) Wrectfilldinof
I
xet)
lch relng
Spne ntlatioff A
oe
to,
CZe
2s80n ndhfltlo~ien- Frnce Iltolnandi Polan
*wr
and Rusa
(abbheveatedrtor WballsisA
e
f lor
W grag rSocwikelats was:
wer
force
owr
uin
''I
Gray
hs
doe
N Y
~pl
1, i,. i
I .'
1UrL,
IEx lsv.
Mes srs: ..
Irs:l.M.Adaia. i,.l.ohr amnd jlIA ii anid
10)
and ...
e c~ .~ isl
.c3If
Il~~
bilas zy , j.
icatto'lis
50rVL
3.3t,?,!5imun
31,w
A
rsv
Van 'vyck It 3 I 'j at inny
Museumti , Aberdteeni PG;
rnl.jisrint d Is.I. KensiIti
L ,
I)I i..1.
ation%~
it
private1 co31313333
riooFabrI~ik,
Item 22, F.ile 21.4 (
I2) 3 ISI,
1) A-(
S. i, tumi 2, I-ii e 2j-A (101(il), 1Jr3)isdorf Fablrik,
I 4)
1) A - (
us II I- rIk
c
(I 1,3
1 If Il S I t em~ 2. 1*i.1, I)A-.
I ;) CWlS, Itemt 2. File 29-11. ( l.)it,Uollra.shiausen FaIbrik
-;ul1..iAiarv , Cat~iill . /ir Veerv.31't3,
I3 i1vi3t.irt A -(,
3 liuii'sclicr !-;rzeh.nsse
IG)131 Iltittweii A -G
0 (N
163) (Il0s, ItemIl 2, File
andi Woifrats').i6),Stadein
1-I) (.101, Item 2, Fijle 27-48II
l'.osen Faliriken, 1) .A -6.
Item 4 & 6, File 28- 56 (191i6), Ie'Iktrilnmeclsakni~sclc
IS :3
'Werke, Ileeneminir-c,h
1 9) CIOS, Itum 2, File 2H(iI9-1), Krnimmel, I)Uncit-iete,
(Same information
and (.bri~stianstadt Fabrikei, 1) A -(;
as in PIS Rept 9)2,)
Powder andi
German
(19-13),
21-.
Item 2, File
29)) C:13),
Explosives Plants46.KuiernIaik
.16).KuernIiik
i1) CR15, Item 2, File 29-28 (1
br4Fildk*A
96 )j
ie3-8I
b,1ti2
2
2,udc
Fil 31-08if
22))
(19 16),Skotfa
Cb )S, Item 2, 18, 19 & 21. File 311-711
erke, P'ilsen and ltib~miselhe %affenfabrik, Strakonitx
24) (:105, Itenm 2, F~ile 32-8) (1916), I4obingen Fabrik ot
Ilynamit A -6 Subsidiary
itcmf 2, A & 8, File 12-1! (1946),Masciinenfabrik
Peterson, Oldenburg, Holstein
uiir
11i,~poie
,iie3-8
bie
6
~4)
Reinsdorf (1I.xplsssives
tlraswre
l
)i IS UAS.\.
andi propel jails)
a11rirA,l3I
if tl-o. Vaqf i(,.rhajn ,iiant,; are
.ki- ,
.....
under their pre-'aorld U~ar 11 names.
tIs stin'
scs
",
'Abbreviations (11.t-,! under' V F Plaints)'
Akintselshafi) JntStocik ((.iipiin%
A-G
lDgethi Ivoier.Ivcol* dinitrate;
DEGUN
Region;
-(lBezirl- )
Kr (Kreis)
tial
()Ilst;
G or IG (Ttrrsnef
styplinate;*L EUN A or
D~istrict;: L A Lead azide; L St Iea ,ei
F
Me rcuriM
L euna Fixed nitrogen pI lit IIiI I er iany;
fulminate; Nachf (Narifol ger) 'Sut essor; NC Nicr.,cellulone;
Nitrolguanidne:
NG Nirelycerin; N~c N iroglycill' 'Gu
1
NRA Niations' HIifie Assoeiot ios01(IS A I; Obb (Oberbay. Irn)
Upper Btavarial; :P A I'icrir c.icd; PETN Pentacerythi itol
u (.ind)
IfO
folj.RyIlexogen
tetiallitrate' 'PG Prov.In g teIn
4and: VE B(Volkseigener beitrieb) l'eop le's ()'is 'eorks, vor~m
Ivorn als) formerly WW World War.
*
*I
~ilk-iins,
U
Vie
U~~illiams
et-ii Ardficesari
1'OS1.1vi
(928,
Balimoe
1) 1231)
t
riie,
xpilsf
2) JP
.Ppin Lehialleur, Podrs
IlBailliere, Paris (1935), P, IM, .
13) V.W. St iciklaiot et all PH4 kept 925 (1945), The Ge .neral
o Exposivs
SummryPltirs25)CIOS,
4) 0.'s.Sdicklandi, "l~i kept 18201 (i94), Survey of German,
lFiliing; lligh-Explosivef,
in
Exeine
and
Practice
I1)
P.Naoumn,
sNitroglyceriii1,
(1916), Luftlithr,
!OS, le),4&5,ile3-109
7)
Forschung anstalt at Voikentode
28) CIOS, Item 2, File 11-20(1946), Ileutsche Wdffeni und
lFubriken A -Gi
.Munitions-
,References:
I
1) Atnon, Anuri Ordna.nce 31, 10I (l91c)!6)
Ane sSecrtcsAlleands,
2)
l~sAl~ucoer,
Pro(dre
Spent acid (l1N0 a9, if zSO 4 65, water 21 & D)E )N Oil
57, density 1.06() was sent dthough a separator to remove
the settled expiosive oil and thien thit acid was freed
fronm dissolved explosive oiis b~ running it through 0 the
de-tructor column, Zeated to about i20 at
so-called
the b~ottom and to I WO at the top. In order to assure
oxidation of explosive oils, the waste acid was
usually mixed with soulle 50'.of nitric acid before sending
it to the destructor
'*a acid decomposed rap~idly tin
nsuha
pn )GI)N
standing (espv!cially in the presence of moisture), it was
no stored for longer than a few hours, but preferably
sso as the nitration of the DFG was
a.okdu
Iars
(19.47) pI1111~
110-~
Jr 121
tlisil
I 'In'
l
veShipar'.I,
.ofteGie
FNit15)
disl8,
4)K.W.(;atlansl, . Ievelopjrment oIIdeUI e
Philosopbicai L~irairv, N ~,(92,p (, .2.complete'
XGlin, (2105 Hiport ."-S (101f
5)
6) (An, I~
p tif the
18-2ri
1IeIiclXaial\
-91*(195 3), pp 2l19-2
n
Wasiterstoffperoxyd (hlydrogen Pieroxide). See -tf
in the general sectio-(n undler Pertixides
Sclcapuver (W'ter Soluble Propellant),
Woserls~lhe
.completed
See Raschit.
'waste or Spent' Acids ('Abgaiikg4ssirc toder Ablfalls"iure) aire
described in the. get'eral section. Gjerman methods of
waste or spent
of n~itti and sulfuric saeils, from
'rilzrovery
>rmtepeprto
f explosives aiid
Lcd reutn
.propellenit pilantts, parallelecO the practice In the U S A
Thle procedure used at the KrUmmel F-abrik for the
recovery of waste- acids,' from' explos ive oils (such at,
l)EGDN 'and T'fGI)N), sesrvinig for the preparation o
314)
Fks,
'S ) pp 1 3-1-
*c)
th-
airois
icrhI
u..
iiV..,c,
,iar
a
* r.'atti.1
:41h.,
i(.
tlt..V~rV
rai
it
I-
air ihrou it
it.
'
Ciiir(
draw
liii'.
iot' i
io 't
rimt tt
i
usaj
la
sirii 1Ah %%.ts reco vered.
ivitft
ut
iLic
~ere~
thwJi
with lerratis sul fir.
Its Ii cit, verted iti iias
sisi~iit.n~rs~e
.til tniat
Iir;
an
W~ecpon s.
piiges.
.Aus iii
t5a1
5~~
D C,
ssucso
i5'
ovssa
tantk.
Sec
I
Anon, inte iiiencc Bulletiul .
Nocte
I hesc
bulletints were not ue
j rinormat ion far this wo~rk.
ti,
Ii'ht
uI (tir'
-it id "ii .
fItI0%v I 'fi ..
1, 01' lowtr ct). ofi
ducstrLUt-tr \t%.s c0:Ii ti edtlEll Ac ' 1011r Irtik itWhit-1 it %al
ikin to ltoar tc tutink . It ctidiittifi
10nsUt -P. 11 it
ad
.m
0i
Jn,4w,
I o.
N6 oxides of iiitocral it
ll rnIttcd t"
.; p it "I
aild tti's!
wi.re 111d coniin uou&sIv for
tira i .
-%.l
"W !i~smsnan"
Z'Jnder. Pressure type igniter Jesigned for
use ninImrov ised liis
jus (as a pushI* igniter) or in Some iI E
c'..trgcs (as an imimvt i~initt'r). see aisti under Ignite~r.
Iiz'
I\l.M.1J ohsltn'l,
J1c
Al!
(fi)43)
IflteIs and kLichitne6uns, W.Mcrrtw,
(111salt
a: A:.ujin)
~.Its
tt Was
ni.%Ylnc~e.tctv
to Ifexog;en
was improved
to
make
amnmonium
)'
Westphalite.
See Vestfalit.
WETTERSPRENOSTOFFE
(.er 227
WEAPOIN'S Nla ffen) may be subdivided inco:
A., Small Arms (Ilandfeuerwaffen), which include:
pistol Ol'istole) revolver (Revolver), carbine (Karbiner),
rifle ((;ewclsr), machinii g~un fltaschinengewehr) and si;Absim.chjne liun (Maisrhinenpistole) models in~~:be
IJ Pee
riler
Gec~.wC,4hi, ticldh
cannon 'Kanune),'
n
mojir(luite
,:rr.r
.1 N*rrte
) moelof
Table 63 (Weapons)
aljber an j Icsignatio.r.
6.15 mdi G.2590") M au ser Nittomitric Pistol
MI11,10, called 'lestraschcnipistule (UWI*P),
Vlest Pocket l'i!nrol
c6.3IS5mm IXidth'r Pistols kodels'l (1'904)
an 2 (90
15mm 'U dllher 11isti'lv Models55(1913),
8( 1920) and 9.(1921)
(,.39mm Pistols: lieremann.: Orirees. ~.'r
I
and others
..
S. mam (.256'") Iier';rnann Automatic Pistol
6.'5 "mii
Vcus&I'tocket Automnatic
WTIl191(191)10) and %XTP1I
.'irs Iyps
tteM~'Aede
2'
Proving Ground, Md
One of the earlierr small size pistols
Elementary blowback pistols resembling
the Brow~ning types. The Type 11was the
""
sreaminedversioa of Type I
k.S mina s.r1uvr & .olin Vest Pocket Pistols,
Resembled a Browning in external apl ypes I and I A
pearance.Capacity 7
*,.6 .11m11if. itk),) Milititry Mauser AutomaticRecoil-operated pistol weighing 45 oz.
1'i.tol, called MasehJinrn I'isitle, deCapacity 10. Could be fired with shoulder
ii, I s119 and ilse.d during UW,I
stock holster e,tached
,,tv: AccoirdIing ti Rtef H. v 1, p 177'there was also an improved model (N1192.) of the above pibtal
7., n M3ue %l:ne'so
1132
. Recoil-operated weapon which may be considered
-tliiScine~l-leuc.
P'istol e (Rapi d-F'trl
is intermediate between the pistol and the subIlisto! issued it) SS troops,; Was also III
machine gun. Length of barrel 5V4". overall 12,,
iittinftl 'in Spain under the name of ASTKA
Wt 45 oz. caplacity 10 or 12 cartridges, mx vel up
d to 1600 ft/sec
mi 0 1.0")
A 6imatic Pistol, inrrnt-1
Con sidered as the forerunner of the Luger. .7,
duced in Gerennan) in 14919by an American
Oluld use 7.63mmn Mauser amnmunition
7.6mm Mannlic!-r Pistol invent..
7-5i
'1in
RIeferences
2. p 321; 4, pp 2758 !k 10, v I, pp 141
& 560
11, p 478
It, pt4711& Re f
12
7, p 27
11, p 485
11, p 484
2, p 321; 4, pp2758; 7, p 27; 10, v 1,
pp 167-1 76, & 11Ipp
464-8
8, 1, p 177 &
11, pv 468-71
p 27 & 10, v I.
p 185
7, p 27
2, p 320; 3, p 187;
p 27 &10, v I,
182
1900
7.6 15mm ILu.ger 1(Par ,idweItum) Pistols NJ
.100ad
90,"), e ue drn
U4k 1. Model 1900 wa.. aneoffirial Swiss
;'
pi s tol
Note: According' to Smith (Ref 9, p442) ;he original Luger was designed by an Amnerican, Borchardittand was further developed
the name of "Borchaurdt-Leuvir"and laterf corrupted ,and shortesed in the U S A
* by a German, Leuger. it wast first manufd under
1
to the name 'Luger." The'name "l'ar..bellum' , which literal~ly means in Latin"for wvar', is used in Europe. See also 9 mmn
Luger 'Prabell urn), Pistols.
*J(e
.6 mm
(Il'arabellum Karahiner)
.~~rAtmtccbn
It consisted of a regular Luger pistol Provided
a detachable wood stock and a long barrel
-with
a checkered wooden fore-end
Hluwback-artion pistol weig ing 24 oz;
8
lBlowback-action pistol wighing ca 22 oz.
Wris used during both VV/s. Capacity 7
lilowhack-actionprifftl weighing 20!, oz.
.with
.0v!,pl. 23'4-5
Ref 12
&Z;2Z
10, v 1. pp 21813
579
10, vi1, pp 235-6
Capacity 7
7.6 5 mm
i Automatic Pistol invented by
k.Langenham of SuhI and called r L
. el f-lae)
Ib'jaer
tlof simple
A blwakoese'P
and moat unusual design
10. v 1, pp 246-9
...
hi 1010
uusr
mutmatc
ocet
isol
.
10. v I. pp 253-4
&588
10,v 1, pp 254-6
LWEz
228Z
7G
mm
TO
I
rn ATOTATI
CASR F PITL75
TOL
MUOAI
(PARABELLEY)
~~AUSE
PISTOT08L
PISTOL.
SEMIm
-AUTOMATIPSOC(KMfPSOE
WITHE
PSTOULDRSOK
TTCMNC
MO6mL
RILDSG8
Ger 229
Ca iberandi
Ieligntion(W~uPons$)
Calbe anl~sigatonRemarks,
7
.6 'min Maucer Automatic Pistol, IISc'
(lrner-Slf~o..dnOand
* Reinetal
765 m
AtomticPisol
.65min oth-.Sauer Automatic Pistol
.was somewhat si ,ilar to the AustroIlitngarian Roth-Steyr pistols&1,48
7.65min Sauer Aut,,matic Pistol m 1908
manufd by J.P.Sauer &-Sobri, Sub!
7c5min Saue'r Automatic Pistols
N1 1913 and llehSI
rdernmnode!l (Authority
Model)
7.6 5 mm Sauer Automatic Pistol M 1,930
7.5
mSaciDuble ction Autom~atic
P ismv M 1930 1,call
cd al so Miodel 11)
was
widely used during WW11 by the German'
air and tank forces. Considered one of
the world's best pocket pistols
7.65 mm Walthier Pistots Model's 3(1909),
4(1910), 6 and 7 (l9l7),manufd by
K.Walther of Zella Mehlis
.7.65mmn Walther Pistol PP (Polizei
Pistole) , introduced in 1921 .forces
7
,*..,
(cont'd)
Uses and Some Characteristics
References
lO3,
87&
ll
p28
160-1. pp 2590
l0,v1,o 286-7
&54& lp
77
&54
p24ipp 472-3
10,v 1. pp254-6
10 vlI. pp 208-9
1I
8
I
10, vl 1. 259
10. v 1, p259-&
pp
77-
&10,
p 4786
0vp20-5
Ip
2Ref 10
.bullets
I.
tier 23L,
WEAPONS
(CARBINES AND RIFLES)
7
7 2m
MODEL i898K (KARABINER 98 K)
..
LUCE
RND
FOR KARABINER 98)
7E2mI-UTmTI
REFLAIFE
SEM-ATOATI
RFL
.2m!mPARATROOP RIFLE
3m
(3.
Get 231
fWeaplons) (cont'd)
*
*
Referenc.-s
\i V m)iyeMcieGnSor
1Il)2
was invented in P907 Ly
L.chm.-isser and callcd the Djtqyse,
in honor (if J. von TDreyse, the inventor (if the"needle gun"
7.92 mmlIreyse M~at. ine. (,un, talled
N:G I1I
7.9 2 mmn
Parabelluini Light Machine
G un MI19 1, inan uf d by l)%N'an d
uosed during WU
I
Ft.so 1, pp 217&
60&Rf1
4w*r Guns NI
Nlahie
1915 and Nil
1915 NA
(N'ew Pattern) Wert- used during 'AW I
weigllrmnnArrat
hort
rci-operated, air-cooled MG9
wghn36 lb (with teed)
F
*
3.
.military
*
-
1;8v1
,1,p45&
8,vlIs pp 453-4
& 664
8vp
4
6.v62 pp44
S.,v 1,p 455-6
6 ppb
1,2
12
Proving Ground, Md
Gas-operated air-cooled MGa.The latest
model weighed 18'A lb (with leed)
86 1, pp 469-71
&660
8-v 1 ,p47-&
42s
470-4
anRei 2F
8,v 1.pp
,r 475-7
ai
adRf1 e1
89v 1, pp 478- a
662
Samer as above
12
.the
a, v 1. pp 367-70
and Ref 12
-*
ll.
vi1, pp 214-1(,
Mdl39 (KrIe~hofl)
milu Antfiank Rlfles Pal-%8
I':Ot-39 and Pfl)-40 (Kritegboff)
.7.92minn (oewerhir9f/40 (Misdlhicatlon
of ht Srvie
lunarinRfleturn
M19351)
e1G
12
WEAPONS
('.IU8.MACHINE
GUNS
7 m m BERGMAN19
MACHINE GUN
'MObEL 1 5
IF
7.5
75
GUN
Irrm DAR NE AC I
MODEL 1929
IN
DARNE
IRCR FT'MACHINE G
ODEL 1916 (DUAL FLEXIBLE
MOUN
In
MAXIM
.92
N7ACHINE
UN
m ODEL 08/15
WATER COOL
7.9 ?_ m m
BERGMAN14
MACHINE
GUN MODEL
1910,WATER
:tOOLED
.63 mm
MACH!
GUN
ASCHNEN
SWT
OML
E) M
AFT
LLED
CHINE
13ELLUM
7.92 mm PA
AIRCRAFT MA I E GUN
1913,WITH MO I IED BARREL L
JAC
2mm
XI
ACHINE
G N
EL 08
IT SL
mm
SE
HNE
12
12)
ATE R
OLEO
'7.92
MAUSER
USE
A"CR
ZH NE
G UN I&L
I
DUAL MOUNT
7.92 mm
LIGHT AIRCRAFT
MACHINE GUN h*81,
MODIFIED FOR
GROUND USE
Get 233
(WOaPOns) (cozntd)
*(alitier and Dv:;ig~nat ion
7.9
min~ Mwiveld
kVi
tit
Cz:1
\l;1u
cr
N1,0
~we
'r
29 1
ausc
:iitanrk Ril.Model SS-41
OA
mi.% lut,omatit.Iifit.
References
40an
Ref 12
1
IU v 2. pp 187.-8
I~.
adRe
:
I Z-m
IIile ei-utna
`l~I'ert;..er~taI gas -c..cting we?.pon,
il'G4',
,p
.15 uprovedincorporating
1-3
40,
0
some features foun npa
2 p189
vc we
~ioj
e d(sig
-41ed y
1
11I
Russian Degtiarev, Simonov and
pp '432-7 & Ref 12
* ItTokarev "
weapons
7.92nm eni-Aurmatc
RfleThese
weapons were 4as operated and the
M
.I 19-13 ((ew-43) and Carbine
action was of the
straight-line noitutatma,
&0,v2,
l
M.M
11)-,,
(Kar-.43) were developed
ppp ...1829-197
Iult
type.
ChAracteris:i -aof Gew 43: overall
during W'.f
11inorder to do away with
length
44.51,
barrel
2?1,
wt 8.9 and magazine
some defects of GAlI and G-4l
cv
apacigy 10 cartridges from two Mouser
weapons'
-u~nd cips
".l9
mmliAutomatic Rtifle,
M 1942
Gas-operated, air-cooled weapon of revo(I ghit Machine Gun), called
4,1 pp 176-79; 8,
Ilutionary
design. overall length
:llschirmia cr
Veehr
42 (Ilaravf
8-1
bayonet) ca 4?2,barrel ca 190 and(without
1
trooper's R Ifle.12).
wt
9%4
lb
abbr to F(-42.
44 n
p
e 12,
(without magazine). Magazines straight box
It'was fitted with at folding bipod
p44sdRf1
inserted on the left side
No~e:
hiswe.ipo was manufd by the ll.Krieghoff Waffeofabrikl,
Suhi. It was also made in the U S A under the
designation
of T4
-7 .oife
9mmAtmtcRfe, M'194.1,
Moiiei'rovnsn
7.9 2 mm l~ig h t WlAiln e un
wa
1JO
elalIl-4
weapon of W
and telalt
the most
rej
nwarkable Sun of11its
type ever produced in any country of the world.
of previous Rumsian and German M~Gs
7.9 1tmmMachine Carbine (Maisch inen..
Lairabiner, abbr to MKII-42)
iversion
1
1
P148
& 662; 11,
pp 509-16& Ref 12
12
GonM
Same as above
12
Giis-operated,air~coe
epno eak-1,p
9-j
ble de ign qnd msnmif.
it was practicall;
identic~al with
and Ref 12
No schinenpi stole 43 (NIP-44
and Karabiner 44 (K-44). overall
length
36%-1',
barrel en 16", wt (not $iven), capacity
30 cartridges of special design
Note: The cartridge Iused in the latest 7.02
mm weapons,' such as machine carbines
version of the standard bottle-neck ri fle
cartridge using a 125 grain pointed bullet. and machine p lstols,waa a cut-04own
and good accuracy was obtained at An.effective
Muzzle velocity was ca 2250 ft/sec
range of at, least 400 yd. (The Germans.
ca 650 yd) (Rtef 11, p 502)
claimed an effective range of
"*.92mhm People's R~ifle I (YolksShort,turnbolt action rifleimantafd with
tumGewehrl1, abbr to VO-ll.
lO.v~jfp 181.3;
the Intention of issuing i ociviliansI
manfdby
AIalter SuI(or
home defense. overall length 43,
Ref 12Ian
barrel 23.20. wt 8.3 lb and mnagaine
capacity 10
7.92 mm Pleople.0s Rifle Special
Weapon of veiy original diral
04(1hort) was defve loed ap92 ygeat
and of
9
1
.P
9W
simpliclty. overall length
34.90,
l~al of Suhi and introduced in
lpA4$ubmiicline G;uns
7.92 mnCarbine 1943, Kb-43
7.92 mm Machine Plistol M 19,14
(Nacacpstole 44), w6as originailj
devchelopedin92adte
inve1943. in 1i9lr2 ord ter itprove
called Sturmgewehr.44 (StuG-44)
9arl1.N
1945
icapacity
0 mm G 3150)
Schwarzlose Machine'
*
(tun MIl907 /12,in vented by
A.W.Sclrvarzlose of Garmafiny and
*
* first marnfid bly the Steyr .lrnin
Works
In Austria
0
operated by retarded blow-back and
cooled by water. 141461i lb. mus vel
18l75 fr/sec sand tote of fire 400-450 rpm
v1
8v
p283
'i283
(.er `14
WEAPONL
(SUBMACHINI: GUNS AND MACHINE
U9)m
PP'~~~~~~
AU E
USEMASE
* LO
mW
mER GUN
M C IN
ASCH
HINEGG U
(MG34)USE
A A IGH MCHINE
I
(MUppq
US
4 MODE;94
MAHN
EV
ACMA
GUN
mmUSMACNHINE
')TO7.92
__
___
'HEVYMA
7
WITH,3
GUNS7
-r
-M,
___
LOE
US
__
__
.92m
SUOUSRMACHINE
HTm
GUNrM
0O
(TUO(STURMEWD ASALGH
__
EGU
AH4NJUNWT
GU
MDEI/3
(per 235
(WeOPons) (contid)
(II i I'*
IJ)u
.
Io,
r Modsrels 1902
Ho* o(,,
;s oln 19)
I) lo . d 0('( 2,
10 2 06., MIU)j and1
X ()190:t 0
2)
...
NIweuo
*1,used
'fee
.srcl 'njgtiss: 4' (of MI02 & M 02/06
anud (.. fox MI 0.1 and MI04/06. The las
t%(, usiodels were ir-sued with a leather
holster attached
Referen ces
4
l-~adRf1
~12~
'4;
t -. oz, magazine capacity
8 cartridges with
4 Vi9 11, f
6
round or flat point bullets
6 3 ad Rc 2
110 and 125 grains. M~uz ve! 1040
~ecial
. roe ind
('1"I .iri. I0" barrels were
rM Oh~ L~ang (fin1 ) ua issued to drtillery provided (Iii this Pistol. The model using an Ir barrel: a1 calleud Q mm I'arabellurn
and "Z" boat personnel
11mnMuv
utmtcPsu
asmt- .iesjxen as 7.63 men Nauser.
Militasry model. Alo callvd
4
,pp275..; 10,
M~agazine capacity 10 Luger cartridges.
M.1% chinsitl.Lsdi
1,p420 =d.
~N
Could be fired with shoulder stock
.nd to a limited extent in VU 11
RfI
holster attached to magazine
e)mm Bterg~mann 'Automatic l'intol
Similar in s;~x and design to the
NI l910 was msanufd for the Greek
10Ov l.Pp 439-41;
lHelgian 9 min Iergmann-Ilayard
Army. Thiere Wwas also a Model 18-1
l1:p491 andRef12
except that it was lighter (32 oz)
9 mmBergmsann Autossustic Pistol
Modification of Model 18-11,49-an
(Maschinenpistole) , .1934, called ;A.so
*Submachine QJun
Rer
Ut e. !oi". we'o was~officially adoprted by
Sweden in '1937 and for this reason is briefly
described in the Swedish section.
9ntSium
:1 Utr
A matjC 1lis~ol,
Recoil-operated; magazine capacity
;nvo/.fr
ro t
2, p 322
V
1
8 rounds
uoai
I9
Imty-o~I~
Operated
by
recoil
on
Pistol (Nlaschinenpistole) IMP),
the blowbacl;4
p208 1
principle. Overall length 32!.,"; wt Willis;
called in the U S A Submachine
p 9n
maazn
aaelium
haaiy3
Gun and in Gt firitain Machine
Rf1
cartridges. Muz ve100t160f/c
Carbine. Also designated as Sl-106
l10 oIG
tscRf1
9 mm' Walthei Automatic Pistol,
'IBlowbacl-operated. Served as h rttp
invented before %W)C
2, P 322
I
ifor
later modelh. Capacity 8
mmnWalther Automatic Pisrol,odgiginally
* 19
introduced
Operat
ed
by
as
short
Model
recoil. Length barrel
was officially
14,4" and overall 8!.r;
desi~nated as P-18, lip,
2
2;4 p28
This model
34 oz; magazine
wats
capacity 8 Parabellumnwtcartridges
2,- p03221
32; lr;V 4278called 'Walther Armer Pi tole"
.andRe1
-Nowc
Several factories manufd] it duringWW
11 and it wa extensively used by the Armed Forces
9) mm Schmeisser Machine P"istol,
I-,"
lllowback-o'persted. Length barrel 7.80
NII1'-28 11
-1,
p 495 and
and
overall
31.60;
wt
9
1
b;
capacity
R(1
~~32 Parabellum- cartridges
:19mm Schmeisser Marchine'n' l'istolc
Rf1
18
Oprted by blowback, overall length~witli
* (NIP-38), called in the UiS A SubI1 pp 486;1
stock extended)350; w~t(without magaaxsnej
machine (Gun, l'arjchute M~odel
and Ref 12
9 lb.; Magazine Capacity 32 Parabellum
cartridges
9 mmi SubmAchin e Gun, MI'-34/1,
1Can
be seen at the Museum of Aberdeen
lfcrgmann
12
-Proving
Ground, Md
ej mni Machine Ciarhie, %4-35/'I
Same as above
12
9mm qchimeisser Nlaschinen Pistole
e)
Slight modification of MP-38; same4
Of(NI-lu) called in the U SASbahn
205;
iesos
Gjun and Burp Gun
ylcrt
ffr 0 p
Ao
dmnin.Cci
'7
9
a
ffr
0
p
mm Auoai
an
Iumcie
rw ingistol.
Recoil-opecrated; length: barrel 4110and
M 1935, designeivI 10 yenar earlier
10.
v1.
pp
404overall 7!1; wt 35 oz.; capacity Is
by J.Ni.Ilrowning. !,',i used during
*V.W ffhy.SS [roor"
.9 mm l)reyfle Automeatic Pistol,
OnJie of the earliest blowback operated
10,,v , pp 408.
Mltrys
Mode
pla'ola, mmntifd In the cloalnRt years of WW
mf a M~achinei I'iisol sometimes
1
10
e
called tht., Schmnclaser MNiine
OvrlI uigth33!0m' wt9l adcclcI,
Pistol or C:arbine
-rr hfr 2 p
9 mim Neuhauften MaschIne Itlstol
Capacity 40 cartridges; wt of pistol 9 lb Zon
11, p 494
9 rmi SubimAchine i(,ui" l'MI'040
Can he seen at the Museumn of Aberdeen
and FlX1l'-41
12
Prlovirng Ground, Md
in 1`.5mm (.40') Norviiglon Hifle
Used Norweglan ball sammo, type 522
50, P I
(ict 216
W iEM0114
(SUBMACHINE GUNS AND MACHINE GUNS)
(MASCHINENKARABINER 35/I)
CMAC~~~
AICRF
1-
mI~IM
SUMCHN
GUN
IE
AIRCRAFTRA
TRIPLEAL
GUN ON PEDESTAL
(,er 237
Caliber
lsi~nationRemarks,
ari
(Weapons) Ccant'd)
Uses and Some Characteristics
Rfrne
Tu mnbolt action; the first metallic cattrid e
10 4 ,~
3
o
officially adoDted in Germany&20
to thIVt
'.ote: Previous tote Nlauser
bayonet 10.3 lb. It used black powder
M 1t171,the P~russian without
Army
(Germany did not exist as sc ni
Ncedie Gw., G4tindnadelgewi.hr) invented in
183o by a gunsmnith Nicolas von LDreyse (1787..1867) 81 sdtes-ak
in 1842. The rifle was the world's first successful
and officially adop.ted
turnbolt
action breechloader. In its improved forms
*successfully inthe wars of 1866 (against the
it was used
(caliber 15.4. mm) inca!.ed in a pnpier-tnicht Austrians) and in 1870.71 (against the French). It fired a conical bullet
caitridge together with a char ge of black powder.
References: aj W.W.Grceener, The Gun, Cassell.
& Galpin, London (1881), pp 199)-200
b) Encyclopedia britannica, Londoni,i'etter
vol 16 (1952), p 190
I1I mmn
Rifle Model 18i84 (Gewehr'84)
A slightly shorter and lighter Model 1871
lt a% developed by Mauscr and
10, v 2, p 20 4
a G;erman1
altered to take a tubular magazine with a
Army.Commission
capacity of 8 tounds.lt used black powder
tLInuli Revol vcr, G;erman Service
It used a cartridge cont L20gain of
M1880. Although obsolescent it was
10, v I 'pp 167-8
black powder and a leal bult weighing
used by the Armed Forces as late as
and Ref 12
210 gr
(. 118n
13
7 Sin6
ewe Sho Rif
M~nis*rM
((ew~h 711brcech~oadcr
~l
Pedestal Mcun-t
:(with
20 mmn
L ibbe AC Conn*,n, nv~nsed
5a. p 8
5a, p 8
5a,p8 and 8,v I
pp 315-16 & 664
3,211
,nl Ref 12
8,vI. pp57 60
At 6W2
9, p 543
5a. p9
ammo
ap9
il,
5a, p 13
12
5a, p9,
9,p3543& Ref12
12
8, V 1, pp 5 23 5
666
8,'V1 pp 548-9
aG
No characte stegin
aiagve8,l51.
Shboat rroll-ojitd and al-ole.V
(wish Iced) 1 8Nlb. rate of fire 3W300~ and
mum eel 2250 It/ace
No characseriuslco giveng,
v ,
*
6
512
lPP553 a
p53
(,er 218
WEAPONS
2
CALIBERS
AIRCRAF
1
CEANNONMODEL
1918 (FLEXIBLE)
20 mmRHEINMETALL AUTOMATIC
AIRCRAFT CANNON MODEL ST-Il
Om m SEMW-ATOMATIC ANTITANK
0m
REOILESSMACHINE
ON TANK'CHAS SIS
cGer 239
Caliberand
DesgnationRemarks,
20 nmnRheinmetall Automnd
AA
velope AAor
Uan
i onf
a 0, e(
20 nm S ot
elk C s
CUsed
cannor, (2 cm ('eklikon MG-IF);
Carion
m Mo derlso Autm aic AC
CnoNolsF ard Sodeveloped
by the Oerlikon Coo Zurich and
adopted by the Germans before 1WWII60t/e
20 mm DOerlikon AA Cannon (2 c.m
i' 28) 1
-.
I0 mmk
2 )noe9 lon A
2c
l~ak
29)Proving
20 mm Manse, Automatic AC Cannon,
Mo el151
by
G-th1)e dafveloped ebfuoreA
~WlIby
affnfarikMauer
he
-G
20 mm Mauser Au~tomatic AA Cannon,
la38(with
20 mm Dutch V T Riflet 2 cm Paft
785 (h) )O5.P1
20 mm N:et -:h Machine Gu
2cmUe
MG 39 (i) j
Sp4;8"1
44;8,vI
p?6
1
and Ref 12
5a. p 43
If E. r self-destroying projectiles
Can be seen at the Museum of Aberdeen
Ground, Md
Short recoil-operated anai-old
VtSp458,
(with, feed) 93%j lb. rate 700-750 and muz
vel 2590 ft/sec. Called by Smith (Ref 9)
Onc Of the most rcmarkable AC Mr~s in
ezistance
Short recoil-operated and air-cooled.
WI
feed) 123 lb, Irate of fire 420-480 andI
muz vel 2950 ft/nee6
Used Dutch AP and liE amoS.p1
rnhH
hltp
12
Ip
S~p4-
5~p4-
v
p4.5
.3p445
is confidential
Can be entshIueuoAbren1
Ground, Md
Developed in 1921 and 1923 but not adopted
in Germany because it wa conidered1to1b
too heav
b eiwascniedtob
,lp541
Anumerof
y
before 13toCiaandSematweesl
to
er soldn
Used French HiE and IIE-T shells
Sp1 n
Ref 142 n
5
,p1
bre1
Ground, Md
30 mm Rh4im~~ A tomtc AC
Cannon MK- 10 3, developed In 1943
30maRheinmretall Automatic A6
Cannon MX-108, developed In 1944
*.
S~ 4 j 7
PPg~s
Re 9a 37
Sv,
SV,4
,~556
SoeVIpp 55M.6
66
ef1
abov
ecrbi eebcueterfrne093P603
~onfidentribaleebcueseteene8'3v603
Use
ad lift and A
mo
mSrrad9
3cm Pap40Pamt)cmSis
Can
~f1
9Sp1
95,p1
hltp
odfidProving
65r
Used ammunition:
liE, HEI, IIEI-T
IIE-T, IIE-T(self-destroyan& HIE (Italian),
AlP-T, ApI-T, AP-'r (self-destroying),
AP-T (irritant) and AP (Italian)
Fec b.8w
AA Gun
2.5 cm Flak Hlotchkiss (f)
25mm
A/Frnch
Guna:2.5 cmUsed
Pak 112 & 113 M1 and2.,cnwK',P1
121 (f)
27 nmn10 634) Signal Pistol
(amfpstle,
5a, pp 41-5
rnhH
25m
mUe
20 mm Solothurn Cannons:
12 cm Kwl( 30, 2 cm'KwK 38
2 cm Flak 30, 2 cm Flak 38
2 cm Flak Vierling 38, ,AP,
*
2 cmt GebFlak 38 and Italian
2tm M 55(i)
MG20
mm 3 auer Mahne Gun,
*G-1,dveloped
during WW U1
20 mm Reccilless Caenn on
(9bares)Proving
2
0 mm and 25 Mm Semag Automatic Cannon for Infantry (Mounted
on a wheel~ed carriage)
Rf r n e
Rer-coeleds
tale land
pl666
I1
MLEPONS
(CALIBERS
MUZZLE3
3 0 mm TO
7mmn INCLUSIVE)
3
m AUTOMATIC ANTIAIRCRAFT
CANNON, RHEINME7ALL FLAK I8
LImK
PARREL
CHA~RGER
wixCUPERATOR
ECEiVER
30 mm AUOAI
sp IGNOUSI
IRCRAFT
34^1 BUFFER
37 m mANTIAIRCRAFT
G
cUN(.2/.8cmP4341
~
BORE~
42/2 ERLIH
mm TAERF
NTITNK
'f M
3m (CLERICAN
DEN~
UU.c
FA
(ier 211
(Weapons) (crnni',h
R~emarks, Ulses and tiom. (:hler,1ctcris,tjs
37 nian
37 mmnA, T
S37
i"c
(:oaninz
cmiA,.iT
akK 1'
mla-
Hixnd D~efence
Iimn
1,'niu:37ctK
Refererces
8
,p
5&66
p 5C
8 41
r 4 4 & 9 ,p Ya
9, p 3841
5 a, p 15 "'id
9, pp 37 3& 386(
a, p 15
a
9,
5 n
1p
32And38
`;b, table 1
5a,p 35
9.p 383
5a, p 16
5a, p 36
5a, p 35
NoMorpingvn5,p'
No description giver
5a, p 59
37
m anon: Flak 36, Pak 37.
Flak 43, livler
Cannoln and AC
Cannon(used in Stuka aircraft)
40 mm (1*.575 ) AA GunUe
ie28 (4 cm F~lak 28)
mo l- (4au~
cm?
Spgf
rL b 8) IIE-T
Usedt~t
ammo:
, II ( Brpp~t)AP (PzgtP'arr, 18) and] All'-T(PzsrPatr
L spur)
5a, p 46 and
9, pp 388-9
5a, p 46 and
9, pp 388- 9
5n. p 17
54, p 2(,
-~
'rw 2'42
WEAPON S
(CALIBERS 50mm TO 75mm)
i~~5
BOPMR(K.5214)K
50mNTT
*~~~5
mmNATOMTICANTTAN
7m INANR
(~.
on PA-4)
PI~'4OON ZEC
ANTITMNATGU
TA
3 CHSSI
(EWRERSON
Ger 24;
Calier
ad lci~~t~ii(WeaPons)
Caiean
csgainRemarks,
4"m
(.S0
utrian "Ii~hler" Gun
4.- i~hler K(() or 4.7.cm flak
Bllihier (,p
4'
~
; mmlrlinATGn
4.17 cm
Pak' 185 (b)
417 mm Czech Guns: .1.71crr K 36 (t),
Pak Skoda 1936 Wt and Flak 37 (r)
rand
(cont'.1)
Uses andi Some Characteristics
Used Austrian design All and [If: ammo:
4.7 cm PzgrPatr 35 ()and Sppi't
Used Belgian HE
Pam
Rfrne
5a. p 17, and
WIo2
115na. p 17
Sp1,9
5zg
pp
aa,31-2&
50 mm (1.68w
'ak ;n
S mKK(PzgrPatr
5a, p 17
5,p3
,p3.7
p3 -.
*r
y50
ef1
Same as above
8. v 3, p 636
same as above
8, v3, p 637
(,r214
WEAPONS
(CALIBER
mASSAU[LT GUN [iT 5 cm STUK
(L/48)]ON Pz L
GV
CASSI'q
GUNLHTAEEDBR
REmLLS
75 mm)
7
/~mELCHTPRnBR
755 5m
GUN/5SANITAN
cm STUK4
GSSUL
cm.
75mm
ANytANTITANK m~
GUN~t 0
PAK~~~.
CARAEPAKIM40T/22
cm
Get 245
(Weapons) (cont'J)
Reference.-.
p2
E
e z~ch
tu~n ammo: 11IE [6.5 cm Gr Part AZ
& GrPatr DoPpp7 WI ]and APr[ PzgrPatr (1)
Used Italian ammo: liEE 6.5 cmt SprgrPatr (i)
and AP L'PzgrPatr (i)J
Used Yugoslav ummo: HEF46.5 cm SprgrPatr
222 (j) ]and Shrapnel [ Sc rPatr 223 0j)
A 35- frame launcher with fast elevating and9,p23transverse gears. It fired 7.3 cm Raketen-ipreng.
*
4
1
1
5a, p 52
Sp6
5 a, p 52
5a, pt 52
5a, p 55 and
9. pp 399 &403
5a, p 55
12
423
5a, pp 61-2 and
9, pp 400-3, 407,
409, 421 & 423
12
9,pp413,418&
425 and Ref 12
9,pp4l3,4l8&
425
5~
a,P 30;
,~~n
5 P30 and
9, pp,404-5
S. p31
5b table 1
12
3sep52 and
,p8401
W09a 416
So.
so. P 38
ap6 a
9,e4 115
el
Get 246
(W.,upons) (t..ontrd)
Caliber and D~esignation
75mmn Tank Gun 38: 74.5 cm KwK 38
7 5 mmnmA/T Gun 3Q: 7.5 cm I-ak
39 L/48
.(GrI'atr
9., p 409
5a, p 39
Same as above
5a, p 39
5a, p 21 sod
9, pp 415,'i09-20
& 425
9, p 406
5a, p 21;
9, pp 3 98, 401-2.
408-9,411 & 417
& Ref 12
rKwK
Used ammo: jI
P
5a, p 21;
9, p 411and
12
9 pp 398, 4 0 0 -3,
9, pp 398, 400-3,
0&
11,Rf1
8 40
2
9. pp39 , 0- &
409-11
5a, p 39
lzrPc)
Referencesa
Ground, Md
bree
seen
brenSp2
uemo
h
Can b ena
Proving Ground Md Used hloC prol:
7.5.cm GrPatr .i3 Ili
Can be seen mcthe Museum of Aberdeen
Proving Ground, hid
Used ammo.
- Sprgr'230/7, bf and IWOaGr 15/38 Ill/0 0f)
lIE: Sprgr 240/2 fl&
lEt Sprgir 1900/ 15 (1)
Used Czech IfV amnmu, 7.,5 cm Sprtr Patr (0)
Used Ctech HL~ ammo: 7.5 en, Gr M/1",
&M/,19(W
Used *mmo:IHOC: or 38 Ill/C (h)
IIr- kGrRotKPS and XGr RetPi
'9;pp
5a, p 39
5a, p 39
9,pp4ll& 423
and Ref 12
9,pp 411a423
and Ref 12
12
p2
and Re( 12
12
5m, p 21 and
9,ptdl5,420-1
425
5&. p 46
5a, p 66.
9, '413.
42&423
Ger 247
(W
Caliber and D~esignation
FK 2 12 (f), Ml e 9"/33
"(See also
ouhtin
-:
.5cm
11,1,lI
L/'17 (n)
c.mei
1K 246 & 24/ (n)
111MVOLISr, Gun.
-1:1
*
*and
U'sed ammo
~app
JL: SPrgr 1900/15 ME& Sprgr 231/1 (1 and
EIoC: Gr 15/38 Ill/B Mf
11FE:
Sprgr 231/1 (M & Sprgr 2&4 Ci) and
11oC: Gr 15/38 11l/1) Wf
lIE: Sprgr 231 (f)
If F: Spug. 231 (f
lIE:: Sprgr 28 (f)
sdltlnli
and Shrapnel ammo5.P
Rfrne
21& 41
9pp 413-25
5a, p 55
Used No,,,,,,,ammon
lI:
rKarta MI/31 Wnand Shrapnel: GeSchr(vi)
1I:GrKarth MI/O11 WI21 & M/ 36(n) and
11IF.Inc: Br~rKartA MI/13 (n)
liL: GtKarin M/21 & Mh/36 Wn; jif-Inc:
BrGrKart& M/14 (n)
No information available
Used anmmn
HL: Sprgr 1900/15 Mf & HOC: Jgr 38 HI/B
24C)&S'S 901 E)ad&421
5a, pp 55&
65-66
nirum
Norwegian Guns:
7.5er
n~Scinjder W
".5cm
FK 0 1(n)
fos
cont'd)
.5 cm FK 97 (11)
cm FK 021'2(1~
((hpdr
7inmYugoslav Gus'UedAm
7.5 cmnFK 2419 (jI) Mud 1,2.lShedr
IE: Sprgr 24()&Sr
10/5f)ad9.
7.5hoC:
Gr 15/38 Ill./B MI & Gr 39-971 I/C (0)
-5cm GehE 258 (j)
Same ammo as 7.5 cm GebK 15
.5 cmnGebK 259 (j)
HE: Sprgr 249 (j) and Shrapnel (Schi 250 & 251)
7.5. cm GebK 285 0j)
lIE: Sprgr 260/1 & 20/12 (j)
/-5 mm V~u1-sIav Northr:
Used lIII bomb: Wgr 229 Ci)
7.5 cm GA 229 (j)
%6mmu (2.992-j British AA Gun:
Used B~ritish lIE fixed round: 7.6 cm
:76 cm Flak (e)
Sprgr Patr (e)
76. rcm(;.f000iRuqsian'Guns:
Used various Russian design projectiles
"7.62 cm FK
I9Cr
either captured or manufactured in Germany
7.62 cm KK 290,11 and 310 (r)
7.62 um Pak 36(r)
7.02 cm RU-K 299 (r)
and many other models wvere captured
used by the Germans during WW~k
11
(Set. Weapon s in the Rus sian section)
76.5 m~m
(3.004") Austrian F;'eid Guns:
Used Austrian and Czech design ammo
7.65 cmFIK5/8(8ii FK 17A, and FK 18181,
manufactured by Skudia Works, Pilsen
76.5 mm French field Guns:
Used I-rench design ammo
7.65 c-mFIK ,: Mf & FEK17
.70.5 mm Yugoalav Guns: 7.65 cm FK 300
Used Yugoslaiv, Czech and Austrian ammo
(1), 303 Wi, & 304 Ci), manufactured by
Sfkoda Torka
Not deacribcl'r here because Ref 8,v 3 is
77/ 4 5 mm (3.'03/1.77)')Recoilless
confidential
Automatic Cannon, SG-113 A,
developed during VWIA by the
IIg~i Werke but not'put into
otrmrtram:8mWr3,ipS951&
p roduction
3,52,51
o:8eng
HEmotra
80 mm (3.15") Medium MraUsed
Wgr 38, Wgi 39 & W1gr 38 Deut)
'desiganted 8 cm SGrW 34
Used smoke mortar ammo (7.5 cm Wgr 34 Nb)
80 mm Nledi,,m Nlortar,designated As7.5 cm MGr'A 34
Used IlL Mortar ammo (7.5 cm Wilt 34)
80 mm Trenichl Mortar,designated
and Snmoke (Wsr 34Nb)
as 7.5 cm Kzcr%%42
can be seen at the Museumn of Aberdeen
80 men.AutomatiC Nlortafr, 'l'isen"
Prfoving Ground, Md
81, mmA T Guni ligh-Low Pressure
hio.rta~r Bomb Projector)
80 mmtS9mooth-Dore Weapon,' called
Ponittwurfk~tanon*, developed by the
11heftemetall-floisisCo and issued
to the troops at the end of 1944
5a, p 21 and
9, pp 419-20
&
a, pp 21, 454-5
pp415, l9-20
and 423
5a, p 27
5a, p 48
5 a,pp 23-4,4 &
40-1; 9, pp 2-3
5a, p 68
5a' pp 68-9
5, pp 68-9
O.v 3, p 6 3O
533
9. p 532
9. pp 532-3
and Ref 12
12
Same as above
12
6, p 188
0ftftRCILS
GUN
SMOHBR
(EXPERIMENTAL) IREAR
~ ~{
SO:-~G
OPEN)
WITH
AN~rFC
8OmmSKODA rIELO
88
m ATITNKGUN (8.cm
30)
PAK
($IDE~~
MAXIM
M(40 )E 8E6Tmm AND 45
TRAVNROE
VIE
IN
FIIN
POSITONAA
8 mmAN
(8.8
ITAN
GU
43)
FLAK
Get 249
(Weapons) (cont'd)
Caliber
1)esgnationRemarks,
nd
9
9
80 mm Czec
1
5a, p 69
ield(t
n:
m Plis
30
ortar
80mm
N16rtar
Polis
~Used
8 cm GrX28 (p)5app29
8 1 Mm (3.19") Mo~rtar, Experimental
e er n e
88 mm Tan
u on 6 lank Gt. in36:APC
8.8 conKwK 36
8 8mm NavalI Guns: 8.8' cmI
SK C/25, C/30, C/11, C/32 &C/3 5
88 mm Torpedo~hoat Gun:
8.8 cmi T bts K L/453btal2
88 mm Tan!: Gtin 36 (56 cali bets
long): 8.8 cm KwK 35 L/56
l88 mint AA Gun 36: 88 cm Flak 36
*88mmn AA Gun 37::
88mm AA 6un 41:
8.8 cm Flak 41
868 mm AA Gun 43:
8.8 cm Flak 43
88 mm short Mortar
*
88 mnmtank Gun 4.3
8.8 cm KwK 43 (L/71) J
8. 8c
Fl a
1
1
1
3
3
,p6
ap212
a pp 2 9
81
t,
ands
9,. p 436an
5,p 70
5,p7
5,p7
4
p24
ip7
Used am o HJE
(8.8 cm'Sprgr L/4.5, Sprgr L/4.5
ZZ &SprgrPati L/4.5 Kz), AP
(Pzgr & Pagr 39),
9,p 444
,p26
5b, table 2
btbl2
S~4 an
n
9p41448
9, pp 438, 444,
446 & 448 and
Ref 12
9p48
4
46 & 4 4 8
,p37944
& p444 r 9Ref12
9.
p 441
12
3A,pp245
9,PP442&447
and Ref 12
88
mm
ANTITAN
~\~*i3oOI
POSIO
GUN
(RtINOCEU
MAiM
IV
05m
8 8 mm ANTITANK GUN
8T m AM3
NP
loc10
LIGHTLES
FIEUNl m m
T105 3G4
'FNOWNO
AS
TKp
c mF
PEIUL
LG
105I'I'
mm CMVS
'TANKGU MO8RTAcR
Get 251
(Weapons) (Cont'd)
C~livet
i
anti lksignation
. 88 nm A/T Gun s 43, 43/1,
4 1/ 2, 413/1 (1.8 cm P'ak 43,
431' 1, 413/2, 43/3)9.p42&47
88 mm Seli-Propelied Assault
GUn 43 8.8 cm StuK 43 (L/71)
688 mm Self-Propelled A/T Gun's
S. 8cm Pak, 43 &1Pak 4 3/4 1 (1-.7 1) .J
Same as above
s min
mAA Gun (C~on~verted
Russian 85 mm Gun)' 8.5/&8 -m'
Ir
$,(la 39
nim Rocket Lncher call ed
References
ap2n
2442 and1
app2-an
9,pp442&447
ap245
5-,pp42&4-5
Same as above
and Ref 12
9. pp 444, 446
& 48
b
11, P 521
100: mm
Eam:94
mSrrPt
ee)ap5
pgra
Used Brif,sh HE ammo: 9.4 cm Sprgr mAZ (e)
Used ammo: HE (10 cm FHGr & Gr 15 Hb)
and AP (Pzgr)
U sed ammo: HE (10 cm Gr 19). AP (Pzgr) and
Smoke (Gr 3SNb)
Used HoC ammo: 10 cm Gr Rot HI/B and HI/C
5a, p 30
a
5a, p 56
5a, p 79
5a, P 80
9, pp 450-1
Ref 12
p7
5..
p 8i
9. p 533
6, p lee
descripftlon given
5a, p 80
34., p 57
$a, p 78 and
9 pp 451-5
5a, p
n7
Get 252
(Weep...) (con:'d)4
,Caliber and DesignPatiogn
*~
(414)LgtFedHwitzer
l6:1.Sc
IP 16FHGr
eece
5,p7
n
r 78'fa51d
9i pp745-5 n
9, pp 451-5
9,pp457,4b1
470-6
105 ad
un 1/04newSmoke
uns17
10 7Ad1/4nwUsed
mGn
patten: !.3.5 cm K 17 & KC17/O4oA 1
105 mmn
Medium Ileavy Gun, 18:
:,Ved simmog. lE (10.5 cm Or. 19 &
10.5 cm sK 18
Gr 19lKs 3) and M! (PzgrRot),
'105III Light Field H~ow'itze'rs:
UotpAmo EIl. cm "FHC, FHlGi~ts,
105cm IFI1,F
8M
IFHGr'35,
PHffr'18, FHlGt 38 St FES, 42 T746-1
'1 FIt 18/1, 1FH 18/2, IFH 48/39
FIIGe 3BKh,' FIIGr 39, S43
& IFH 18/40
.'MirgG:
and F~l~r F), 'IE FliGe SpitB), HoC
:(Ge 39 Rotill Gr 39'
Il/A,''Ge 39,Rot HI/B
9 R :'H tH/C, -Al (Pa m~Z a Rot&
* Pzge 39TS), Smoe (FHGr Ill F If
b FF5,
7~FiIGtNb
39, FHGrN6 40 FESFHG r41Nb),
Smoke' Indicator (FIIGr 40 DeutFS) Incend iary
(FHGrBr) 'Star (LtGesch) and Propaand& (eiss
Rot GecosAZ)
105 mm Naval
a Guns: 105 Cm
Ue EadSa hls
'
SKC
C/28 ,C/32 AtC/3.'UsdHanStrhel5btbe3
105min Me'dium 'Heavy Turre~t
Used ammo: HE (10.5 cm Gr 1
13) and
Gun-; 10.5 cin sICT
'
,AP
(Psge Rot)
;* 105 m'm'AA Gun. 38 'and 39:
Usmed amo HE (10.5 cm -Spert 1./4.4 &p
10.5 cm Flak 38 a Flask 39
L/4.4 ' Spe-ge L/4.4 Xz) and AF C (Pzgro)40aRf
S105 mmr
Mountasin Howitzer 40:
Usdammo: HE(05 m&"MFG3 A)Sp
10.5 cin GebH14
HoC (Ge 39 Rot HI/A, HIl/B a HI/C) anid Star
Shell (LtGs)0
~ lOcm-,
0 5
onTuff et Gun: -Ue
I ammo: 10.5 cm Ge '19 IL: 139p48
10 5 un
.&Gasa(lc; le~Uced
a40/42)
,Used
105 mmn1
Sm~oke Shell. Mortar 40:
*10.5cmNbV4O
1,05 mam
6omprieused Air Mortar
105mmn Light' Gun 41 (Recoilless
!Airborne Guu)t 10.5 cm LG 41
105, tam Light Guns (Recoilless 'Used
Airborne Guna) 10.5 cm LG 42
&42/1
p 457
,p45,6
& 481
S,
1)
94G
b al
9. pp 468 a
481
9, pp467-m &
12so
56
,and
Ref 12
Sat pt74,
9, pp 471.6 and
Ref 12
5a, pp 71-3,
9, pp 471-2 and
Ret 12
12
12.
5a, p74
p 75
105mm
Dtch
cm' Gun:1015
~35(h)
8, 40g6
adRf1
.adRf1
Use MIA
1l12o
gI,616i iig,
poetlsa
Epoetlsa
Wi
pp 47S9-0
30,111
si
pe'a
t35(h
ClWEAPONS
CA
BERS 105 mm TO 128 miTr)
(15.nmZS5AULT HVirZER10
1)1JPi. Kwhl CHASS'SC'AS P)
CHAS~lS~fLIGHTI
io8 m t.ARF~r
m ss
LT
ONJ
SELF-POPELLE
K-4.
;et 254~
(Weaipons) (Contd)
cmnarks, Uses and Some Characteristics
(.aihe
I~sigarin
an
105i mmnlFrcenc Guns and Hiowitzers-
References
p;77684
1K 38
mm
1Gu2n:d
.e~a
Field
105 nm N .-eia Fie.Goc
ju.5 cm KI/88G d (n)
n
15mm Norwegian Gun: 10.5 cm K 4,70)
105 1,11 Polish Gun: 10.5 Cm kC2 p)
j
tla
Eamo 05c Srr381
Used Norwegian ammo: lIE (Gr 1-/15, M/23,
M/36 & GrKartgi M/04, 161/15 & W/23)
No description given
Used Polishand French ammo
No description given
Used Yugoslav, Frerpch a.nd Czech ammo
2 imA
Uri 40M: 28c
Flak 40M
128 mm Sellf-Propelied'A/T Guns 44:
12.8 cm Pak 44, Krupp and
Ahei rnintall m odels5b
128mm ight
Infantry AlT Gun:
1_.8 cm P1K 44 (Panzerifigetkenon~e).
als6 Calld Tank Destroyier Gun
128'mmn A/T Gun: 12.8 cm K81/2
Experimental
-
sFu 13/02
sF133(S)
Ho3ter
F ,3 3(S)adO
5a, p 30
Sa p 91
SS,pp9l-2
Pzgr 43
9, p483fRef 12
.Proving
ta l
an
SbRtbef 81an
Rf1
n
ttpojcie
sdlEadSanpoetlsm
Used HE and Star projectiles
:n
5a, p 30 and
Ref 12
5a, p 88
p 91
.-
5a, p 87
So. PP 88-90
& 9,pp481-2
.ad
4 intcaK
5a, p 82 and
9,pp 459&464-7
5a, p 86
Used AP projectiles5btal8
150 romF11
)a, p 85
5a. pp 86
9., p 462an
6
5a. p 78
)9
.i
o.p9
m
b
al
al
5b, table 9
Sb. table 8
3a, PP92-3 and
9 pp3'l,495&
Sa, p 96;
1 50 2 an d
Re1.
Get 255
WEAPONS
(CAL!BERS 128 mm TO
00 mm)
I5O fnm MEDIUM FIELD HOWITZER
ANTITANK GUN
i506
RAIROA
~
MORTARWIZ
mm SmOD
~ 2c
*
300m
.UN
"LFOPLV'0
"14171 ANNIFlG33
[28~~ANN
cmKNO'E
()
ROCKE
LANCE
(.er 256
(Weapoos)I(unt'd)
:ra.11.
I t1.1.
.11
Rema,.,rk %,
(.~.i
jj
lI.2 ivr:I
I I j I. ~
1,,-sII~j
IiiIl-A
11
I I1.'v~tr: 15 111
Ilul
I
15 Cil SRt
lii
ai
ow
1~n
I
sIt
1- K
1a
11111r
1( ,kil 19j:
A nIflit):
I061
,ii
iivrurret
1i.,kitz~er:
sl,
limIIt.ivy I-i k1d Ilow'Azic~r*
I . ,ri
g~Il : iN,\~I
r
I)
i
it
t Ilowitzer*
,5,
Scul 31/2
150 mil Reccoilless Gun:
S5'cnai G .1J
19) mm (ze1ch (tauns anti Ilowirsets:
5' s:Il K 15, 16 (t), sllI I11/16(t),
I
1il1 25 (t)'and s;11 37 (t)
I
SUPin,
l(ocl.et L~auncheri
152m
I59
( Ocket I AUncher
rinr aItanh
ay il
Ilowivzer:
sed a'mmo: HE
I (15 cm Is' 38 FES) and
l.
Jr311
No information given
,.
sdCec
5a, p 97 ant:
9. pp486-7,
& 493
5~p34
, p 49 5, 4 7
9:0&
pp 4250
97
R6ef &1250
9, pp 4644
497-8, &5U,2
and Ref 12
5a .p 98 and
& ili4-5
.498
1 50' mmTAssali
mr
8,43
, Ipp493
&49b
Sa,pp91
9. PP 4-
1-07
5a,pp96-7
1
5a, p99; 9, PP
486&491&kef 12
5a, p'93
5 a, pp99-101 &
9,;kp4S5&48El-90
9, pps
247-8
5a, ps 106
Sm, ps108
Sa, pp 101.5
& io8
50. P 101
~A'~l
~ cm
1
o e.
A'(~R)9p
Used ammno; lI1: (15
K~r
W8)and
AC (Gr 19 Be)
Used amw.o: lIE (15 cm Gr 19 &
r 19 stg) andi A/C (Gr 19 Bell
Used same ammo as 15 cm aiFil 8IaSp9
K(F
Rfrne
5a, Is95
's
Iiiii I-C
1. wa,
Cu, I~ is:I~i
IU
'oi
I,~j
11m: lI (5 cmi Il(
18 & .42),
IfFi-.A C:((,r N' Hot Be), and All (iz'z;prgr
L.1.. InmIlbe)
.491
,.:lill"
1. 115 CmlKr 18, C;r 19, &
I I..'-At, V E ), l 'i c ast st e e l ( S tgg r 19 ),9
'
Cr
10~e, Rocket Assisted (R(.t 19),
'(;~r 3c)111), 111ii,Sabot (Spirge 42 TS), At. -an~d
Sd:(l'yjgr 19 Is) and Smnoke (Cr ISNb,
(.ri"N
&CGiW
, 4ONb)
*~I
10. 1 'itIi
*'ii~
mlia
t~.ndi
4170 mm)
170
imm'Rlslwaiy Gun: 17 cm K(P)
1~~~~~0~i
Arsrn mm
(;n 17crW)
(764
19 .4 cmn
IeGn
0lwb
rX R0
La
9. pp 245-7
12
S~ I
Sp I
5b, Itble if
Get 257
(Weapons) (cont'd)
&iic I.lllnRemarks,
dI
'..cit
Morar
m.10
(e 'ITh) I i(210
'0 (m I 'iidb
I c zch tvr La'dungmwerft r)
(00 nsm RucketI junclmr
3'nim(i
)Rawy(,nUd
LmKI
m'
nim Russni n Ifexiy Il~owitzvnr.
r))
3 trM 11 S01 Wr 11 101/
mmN
mvIi Uun: 2113 cin S~K
aV
5a, p 34 and
Ip
33
N'
'b,
5 table I I
5b, table II'
5a, p 116
A/c
'Ca
1818S)Sap10
'
and
'
220 mm
'Norwegian fleavy hlowitzer:
No description given
,'
,.
.S
110-11
4-,2
-60
S.
'Sb table 12
'
Re l2
5 a, p 115
5111P 116
ed fo launh
VI111411tus rockets, such as
-. , RLg, Wgr
Sp ad
100DS&
,Used
Czec am : l(1cmA r35an5,p17
HE. [fim Capacity'(Min~r 35)
Used HE firojectIles
5,s P 10u9;',
p.522 &1Re( 12
;md
p 523t
12
pro:j: 21 cm Gr l8Be
,
Used armmo: HE- (21 mr17
um
lIE-A/C (Gr 18 Be) ,.9,
9
9 Pr
220mmPois
1)1fi
4
ap1sd
9, pp 52 0-2
109, m
3/40&
(,n~ 3/41Used
21cm K 9,K 39/40 &K 39/4 1(Or
2 10 mm (;un 42: 21 chi K .12
21U nm Krupp Gun: 21 cm K(Krupp)
210' mmnRocket Launch'ers: 21 cm
AtAg MI.12 and others
IdH
mokto mortar bombs:
0 cm WW 40 and Wgr 40Nb
Us~e,
22 cm NlrsM32 Wi)
References
Sao p 117
aP 118
.'
,.Sa,
p 119'
Sapp 1 9-20
5a
5-s/ 2 (b)
:238 nmin
'Ihen0doe Gun- 24 cm Thmeodor
Used hhlV
and AP. projectiles
'240 mmn
(9.449") Howitzer 39,
24 cm 1139
2140m
usMdl and is:
24 cn K,3 &K 18
240 mmnTheodor Brune Gun (Raielway)i
'24 cm. Thl~tK (E).
,Used,
e40' mmTi
r(un iltil~way)f
24 cmiThK(E
W
.Stbe12
Cali
beIi
stol at die Museum of Aberdeen ProvaagCrowed, Md
seid IH1E
ammo: 24 cm 'sprfl 0/4.2iad 0/43
34, p 120
$GOP *10
md
Rat 12
it.,p~it
'9,plS
dese*n
010 Oo
Catch It~aesmot
or 40(tWp2
'42
Sa,' 121
ajl
l2t
em
11"~C)
u
Get 258
(Weapons) (corn'd)
Caliber and Designation
Rmrs
ssadSm
hrceitc
I
"i11
emaks, sesandSom
ChaactrisicsReferences
240 mm French Guns: 24 cm K(E)
Used French lHE cast steel shell: 24 cm
557 (f) & K 558 (f)
Stggt 557(0)
240 mm French Guns: 24 cm K 546 (f)
No description given
&
&K566 (f)
*240 mm Russian Howitzer: 24 cm
No description given
I 5'64 (r)
20 mm (110.6*) French Coast
No information svoslahl.
flowitzer: 27 cm Ki~ate Mrs 585 (f)5ap12
:2M mm (10.76') French RailwayUeFrnhIFamo274cGr53
Guns: 27.4 cm K -(F.) 591 (f) and
U94, 595endh 596 (1)
74 mG 9,
K(E) 592(159,55ad96(f)
280 mmin
(11.024-) Ilowitzer:
Used lHE shell: 28 cm 'iprgr L/3.5
* 28 cm It L/125ap12
280 m(atllo
'witzer: 218cm Kis~te 11
Same as above
2~
mSort: DvulluGun, RatlWAY)
IUr.c'a .. --o .1"(20cm. Sjrgr L/4.M-Ad
28 cmKzllrK (E)
HEAP (Pz.SprZgr L/12.6)
280 mmn Long Bruino Gun (Rai~lwa Iy): IUsed
lHE ammo: 28 cm .5prgr L/4.4
28 cm LRI~rK (E)
Note: According to Ref 5Sb, table 1I the short and the long Bruno guns were 283 mmn
280 mm Theodior Bruno 'Gun (Railway):
Used HE ammo: 28 cm Gr 39mHbgrZ
28 cm ThBfK (E) or IDrNK
280mnu Gun, Model 5 (R~ailw'ay):
sed ammo: HE (28 cm Gr 35 & Gr 42) and5,p1;
2cmK5(E, nicknamed *Leopold
rocket-assisted (RGr L/4.7)
and "Anzio Annie"
1
280 m'm`Guns (Rai~way): 28 cm
'Used HIE ammo:28md394&
r2
K 5/1 (E) and K 5/2 (E)
285~
94
r4
:280 .1m Naval and Seacoast Gun:'
Used ammo: HIE (28 cm Sprgr L/3.6) and
*28 cm SK L/50
AP (Pzgr L/3.2)
280
mFrnhHayowitzers:
~ ~ I
JNo
description given
~
*28 cm Mrs 601 (f) and 602 (f)
I2
0-280 mmf Russian Howitzers:
No description given
j 28 cm If 34/35 (r) and H 607, (r)5a
*280 Rocket Launcher
IUsed
HIE rocket Proj: 28 cm WfkSpr
* .283
Rai~.~y
.
K~3
ount.'Proving
A.
QSm
(3.975-)
flowitzer M-11
* 35.5 cm MI, known also as Nil Gun
ir
K 7 10 (t)C
Us
IE an
Pprojectile
5a, p 123
ap123
ap125~ 2
5*,p12
a
,p14
2
,p12
5a. p 125
5-, ;! 125
Sa,pp 125-6
5~ 2
59, p 529
9p
2- 127and Ref
a, p 127
5a, p 127
ap12 12
9,;pp249-51
an
m
te
No description liven
,p12
p193
,p23
56, p 130
~ev R6a.,cI1309.
a .Ijn
50 mm
Not described here because Ref 8,v 3 I1
conflifenthil
saam:lI
3.
m pg .36
AP (Pzgr L/3.4)
'Used Czech ammo: lIF (30.5 cm Gr 35) and
Capacity (MantUr 35)
No description givea,.S~p193
Hatsel
5a
btals1
1 e
sdIec
mo Ies
Use.3~mRrad
A/C~ln
42 le andmo 35.3r
4 lim
nn
Shv
#pp6l4 &
,p11
cGcr 259
(Weapons) (con't)
*
:. I i lkr 111dI )cs gnati (n
ivySigot
MrtrO CiSl.dg~sk) OS, cmn
.. c~Vlc
Idungswerfc r),
manSiegfried lRaikoad .(.un:
~ ~
mSilK(I:)and
References
n
Sp3
.9, p 535
5a, p 131
\..t6-: A cc Irdin 1 to Ref 5b, table 14,1the Siegfried gun was used as a coast defence gun
* M'm.,\v.I(;un: 18 ciii SK C/ '3'1
No description given,
5b, table 14
iSUIIII.Roc&ket L~auncher
,i.fiiii
des ignationI is given)
9, pp 2 54 -5
"I
"4m
n Rin
tIick.,et 1l'rjc,)ceor"Can
O(tir:nmimrser) moun ted on t~ink:
l'I ?KpfKg IVPrvn
12
Sb, table 14
Gero~t 36
GomdweeAblfelalos a te
aIG
(,cr 2()0
Qs4rs
6 i
4)
Z~
0W%~
-~~~~~e
E~E
~
(4
0a
ZZ
Azzz
000
r 4 r 0.N
.....
0
UC%
zz
(40
U.1
6~
00
W,
06
-4
m*
I-
r44
e4
A~~~~~i
0'
0000
us
40
0.0
~~~~~
a,
'
o0
1'1
bN
C4
0.-
C;W;
Bit
.0
S 4-
-~I
q^
10
aW!Sct
a0
W%
00
IN
*~
-9
<(
f4
0%(44
f.
Wa
0 .
sassR
V%
a
1
5N
QO
0.NS4
a9
.
t b'a
Ct %0.
a4ad
-C Im
O
-C
%O
el C
IGer
'3
261
-u
0
. z
4,
*
a5
-
-Vl
0e
0
zoz
~ ~
~
40o
---
Ce
C3:
'
cac
co
00
OD
g
0
~, 0
'30~C
Cr.~~ON
~~~~~~~~~~~
C CC
CeC
Cr.
C,
~C ~
C' C '
Cv
00
n 45~,
0% ' .
'r .i~
'r
Li~-,
'4~C
CO .-
~2
V,
o w.
Ch, .ee
__
__
___
I
'
g0
-,
-____
___
0o C"
CUU
r4OC
A
'to-ta
C4
.~~
0:
-2
0ZaC
a
'a
m'0-u
0tC
C)O
.
%.
u)
z
OCO
0 .
IN
10
1oCeco
In
Ail
'__'_
*C
~
UOCO
'
C~
ON
00
sa~
0
CI'~5
Li
QVe
CL.
oC...S
C'.
r4 ^' N r,
Cc
*~%
.eC
I I
.2
Get 262'
The 6xploqives of Table 64 were divided
into thiec groups:
A
iNitrate Permissible E~xplosives), marked in Table 64
,above as Non-gel (Non-Gelitinous)
B.
Nitroglycerin-Wetcersprongstoffe
(Nitro Ilycerin
Permssile mrke
Eploives,
in abl 64 bov asis
Semigel(Sem-geatinus)Too
it.
G elati n 6se.W ott orsp ren Iisto ffe (Gelatinous Permissible -Iclsvsmarked in 'Table 64 above -i
* Gel (Gelatinous). 'The (A) group include podr1opstoswt
-aNG content not higher than 5% and !a density of about
1.0. etterAmmonah~si,
V.-Astrlit,
-Detnit,2)
.,igntirit, W -Sonachit and w *Westfadtl belonged to this
* group. They we~c suitable for blastin~g soft coal.
The
(3) ~uuj.I..cucd patiy gelatinous but not plasric
compositions 1:0rtaining 1.-15!% of NG-NC gel and had
-a ensity of about 1.3. W-tter-43aldurit A, W -Iavarit A,
WSalit A and W1-Siegrit rA'belonged to this group. They
wertsuitblefor blasting bard coal' and rock seams.
Tl
C bu
i
In..c
.... i.
I,-f,latc
x~o~
which contained abnut' 30% of NG-NC gel anti had a
desity up to 1.7. Vetter-Arit'A, W-lBarbirit A, W-Carbonit,
W-Nobel it and W-Tasagit belonged to this group. They
were suitable for bloSting bard rock.
Table '65 gives, the properties of some' Tetter-Sprengstoffe listed in Table 64 (See previous page) .
Wgf21 m. slidoroellnt
n ar-t-ai,
ockt dvelped
in 19 43. Launching weight 176 lb, overall length 3.7 ft,
d-alneter 8.3'1 and velocity (all burnt), 1,050 fr/sec.
t.Reference:
<1
n~Wur,2)
Aind 6un(1947),
S&-r tnder
W'EAPONS
310
(CALIBERS
inmrTO 610mmin
*NAT
~*'
.'~
*:.
PROJECT()R(38 cm
LACED ON PzKw~r
50m
ARLO
SELF-PROPELLED
MORTAR KARL GERRIT,
PLACED ON
TRANSPORT CARRIER
grins.
It kr
sapoe
iii
!I(SS
IllI
u:tla
WPreptle
el Ipech.
,'Ce
olu~is RasChig'
I
a tt.h te!'15 i
Iowf.r
Zi no (lIiii). Se( gVn.rs tcIin
~I
Note: According ito A.Steitrachtric
~
eg
(9418),
p .13, %mail quiantities.-r.prng
und of
of tin, (or
Shesof
its easily
redtict 0-Ie compounds) were inlcorporated
in -some German
aItili..rire ( if I).
.. 1..i
.
(;mokcel*s
tiroti-t ( Ref 2) gi yes tilt,
Propellants
conilpos t On of ani Carly
of gun barrelsa front erosioni. it, order to protect the inside
s 50
follos:
L~t~ifltityZ-Solz tile' namec given
to Na or cap
l~rILswg Rf
) g~ives for Ult used afjter X% I.
r
ue
e(niSfent a
f rocket propl-tlants in which
N ; 1.N6,
etr-lteor
,Ieardjte 1j.0 and
oinisture.
T-tf
servedit
\(~c'tii~ilic..used
c"'ibtiht lli
NC ,0
t-onmoet ASl
a
in the FetuerI.15
ilice typt. guided
Pritaiest c-alle
was'~
Re ereei&s.
Re~Un'
tfel , I
dOS
M
issislescle
le't
RsIr,('us ded -\itlsRocketsan
C.'89cti~j
Ro).wire1 , vsrI un
V.cartwik.it18)
lio
'4 1,'Cirttvi qs
.
the
gvi ,, (Ilihr
aI
ill Arm"
theii
3lottcrl
" an,
mi
n
5)Itl iti
fosr
Cietmpostaol
('1
f \tI;',':N %as ,inlilr
to tilt(. lIt .m
2)I.1
!,,imat
e
.itiercq Lsi'~losivi'es, luiuod,
flutrit , L .'plosi '.e-,, \'.an Nostraoid, N
Yj N)I10), 1, 78
II.lirusw~. ).t
'ul''rra~cJot'
f'
It i.r'Its',
lt~~~tIII22'
Se l~.
W~rfI puver.SeeWI'.a,..Sattrw
Wu rgebohrung Gcsc h[tz-S,-i; ap .rlti h,,re l.,tin.
1
I prox ~imity
2l'.-I')~~
I.
Guided
MisI
See,
X-Scf. Se eta..junctsion
Z-Stoff
tijuS1-
S pIi
Z*St~off H. An
t-Ki.
(,00ctr. of~n~
(fill.
Kippzi~nder 43
Giet 26i5
VOCABULARY
OF
GIERMIAN ORDNANCE, AMMUNITION AND
RELATED TERMS WITH SOME
ABBRE.VIATIONS
(in collaboratio, with H. A. Tisch and J. F. Houck of
PicIatnny Arsenal, Doveor, Now Jersey)
A
IAhI
bau
Abbildung (Abb)
abblasen
I Ibrce
*abbremae'n
ito relealpseega
to bI -akE cease
to 6ekof- es
ab'brenne!n
i~obrake; stop
abaampfen; ab~zunaiien
Abdrjft'
abdrucken
Abfallauwtre
Abf euern
Abfeizrungsvorrichtung
Abgang
Abgangsfehiler
Abgangswinkei
Abgase
abgie amen
abknallen
abknistern
Abkommen
*
Ahschleudermanchine
.1
mechanism (Mor)
Dchgeabspreng'en
J'ump; vertical JUMp(Arty)
Angle 'of dep'artuire
EXhaus *ages.1
tocstmtal; pour off; decant;
ay,~~~id
I to exzplode; go off; fire offiatc
to decrepitate,
Deilation;, point of airn(at time
of firing)
Abkommrohr
Ahlcommschiessen
abschleudern
tobrdfart;Abachweladrahit
f
finish burni1n8
abuchmnierem
to' evaporate
Abaschnitt
Drift
Absihraigung
~~~to
Pull a trigger; lire
Aahs
WNaste acid
Abachussrobt
1Fithno
absehen *to
.. tldihlen~
Ablenkung
AbnahmeAcptcedcraes)
'Abnahmepro~fung
Aboahmievoeschrifg
aboutzen
Ahaatirung dos Rohres
.to
Ab6I
AbPrallerRcce
Ahprallwinlrel
Abproduct
Abreissknopf
Abrelse.
sehisufe
bplwgSplitting
Abatand
Abstindsladlu'g is
1
Abstandwertfen
Abstikndz'4nder;, Radio.
Ssteuerreznioder'
Asbotillbahnhof
.,
AblageDi
Ablagerag
hwh
olivCV~
Dnmp; depot
Storage: deposit
Deflection;'deviation
AbIrec~tz
Abwehbrlouchntaelcbea
Abwnelbng(dos Gesehos-
Acceptance
Abigelseiraer
teat'
Specification
ration
to blast; bu"t
Dsac
Prepared hollow chargeI
~ eoe RX) qi.~
ped with three legs to prothemarar~
desiwred stand off
dittencen le
Radio proximity fuze;
VT fuze
Railroad yard
etcmntont
rtco
ot,
Dorwe
. ar
erosion
(61; (goe Auobiem.r
nuhg do's Rohres)
Waste oil
es deflector
Abwn
toees
drop; jeitisom
Aw~ 0e
bmlg
:AbwoUrebliterAeilob stne
Ab~wafgerIk, Abwurvo.
3mreeemehis
.rceo
Angile ofuiecocbeg
Waste producel byprouct
Fuse-cord buoos (de
Fiigacd loop(Hd&r)
Abt~mbtstk
Abeaugea~tsehterVAuimi doiloiaeklotg~
Ababoeldoi; Abotholdungaovop Sj~hd
.setis
&bibih
I*"fmaeeeDe
smubmost such as
bobbo, tdot$ too.
essd5bo~bl
~i(
j~e
6er 21.6
Abi~tgswhriur
fs~pipTig
Iger pull
Firing line; lan)ard
A'nnatierunst
Anpassung
Anrufzeichen
Approximmi,:-!; apprnach"
Adaptation
Call signal
Alozu-vc'rr~ichtong
Aivsii~tuerug
Acidification
Anschlag
*rigger
Abzweigunp
Acctesstgirher; Acetessigirster
AcrlucAcetic
Aclise
I
Adamsir; DX1
ne)
Af(K~s toI
:A etbcr
Arpi
Dranch; junction(RR1)
Ethyl acetate
mr;A
Axis; axle
Adam site:dipheny IaMjaoc oforoarai ne
:406 nim coast defense cannon
,See Xti~er
Name of an aircraft manufacturing
company
Akazin
G;um arabic
AkJa
B oat type runner piaired under gun
wheels for operation in deep snow;
(also -used as a 'swainn cnnvo-anvo
for wounded. etc)
Akumla'rStorage
battery; accumulator
Ikt~eopesellsichaft (A -G'
joint Stock Company; Open Corpor 1ation
Alarm pistol; blank pistol
* Aldrmpis'tole
`Alarraschssgerlat
Trip-wire alarm flare equipment
Aiarmscibusspatrroc
Trip'-wire alarm flare cartridge
Alkali -cartridge (oxygen
1Alkalipatrorie
breathing apparatu3)
alka i r.Ch (at~a)
alkaline
Alkalinity
Alkalirtir; Alkalizitat
Al.cohol; ethanol!bngmiGmaai
Alkohol (Alk)
gnesi;comonArbeit
allemen
algeei
enra;comoArbeitsgesch'Utz
moi
AmmvIlah
Ammosn
Amo
An~nu; a.nIi
*Ammoniafrmi
Ammonla'l
Ammnplvr
Amoaldistinguished
;kMMon" alpeter
Ammonsalpeter
Anschiesspatrone (See
also Anwirmeschuss
and Finschiessgescliuss)
Anschluss
Anschlussbahnhof
Anschuss
ansetzen(das Geschoss)
Artsetzer
altaprengen
Austeckmagazin
Anstellwirikel
Anstoss
ansr~rmen
anvisieren
AwrecusWrig-.pso
Anwend,,ril
Anzahl (Anz)
Azh e
ue
Anzeiger
Az~drintr
Az~drIntr
Armee
Ammnonium nitrate
Ammnonium nitrate explosive
Armeerevolver
- SprengthitArsenal; Zeughaus
Arsn
* Anwrce (see also Zu'nd utchen) Paper percussion cap (toy pistols)Ari
Art
'Amphibian combat vehicle
* Amphbl:ienkainpfwae
Office; post; employment; business
* Anit
Anfangsdrall
Initila!, twist of rifling
Artillerie (A)
Anfangsdrtck
Initial pre ssure
Artillerie.leichte 'A)
Atlei~cwr
s)
iInitial (muzzle) velocity
AnlAngsgechwindigkeit
Anfarig.ladung
Initial charge
'Anfeuchtung
Moistening, apig
Artilleriie,schwerste(ssA)
humidifyingHevet
Combustible composition in a
Artilleriewesen
Anfeucrung
flare cartridge; ignition
Anfeuerungssatzs
Fulminiating compound;
Arznei; Arzneinaittel
booster charge; igniter train
Arzt
Quotation marks
Antulbrungszeich"n
Ast der Flug:bahn
Attack
*Angriff
raierAtemgerat
Aohnge (Ah);An~ngwapen
Anhy~r'i~ri1 erungsmitteI
D~ehydrating agent
Anker
Anchor; armature; rotor
Xther
AnkrronoAncore mne;mooedXthylarsindichlorld
mineXthyldichlortarin
trendet Ifampatoff
Top(prmary 'hrgeof
Anlaung l~irn~rlaung
txnatron
a cp
blst~g
o a
detnatr;
rimr
iussere Pall istlk
Anlartsr
*
Anliufer'schwindlgkeit
A-ilegpp-unkt
,ng
pntalant;eion; anx
plat; eig
StuterAtombombe
Startlng(tiike off)speed
Aiming point
ussere Weitre(aW)
Atmosphire (Aim)
Employment; use
Number; quantity
ubro
roe
Index; indicator
ihe
ihe
W1ork; labor; job
Roving gun (Arty)
Army (a tactical unit
above Army Corps,
fo
the Army)
Service revolver
Arsenal
MAtine (CWS)
eer.
Ger 267
A~dau
ulldjR p;
trctue;super.
StutrIe s~oitson 'and
synthesis
oswell up;puff up
Auaeinandcrnehmen
Ausfall
Ausfuhrung (Ausf)
Ausgang
* agbauento
effervesce
sufbr#-che In
tobreak up; burst; open up
Ifdunsten; aufdunsten
to evaporate
Auffangsvortichtun9
Buffer
Aufodeun Sainal(AS)
Call signal
AufklarugspanzerLight armored reconnaissance
vehicle (S'e also Panzer.
spiihwage.j
IkuladngDe toataB bae) hare
a ap
'Aufladb-Deontlgcaehhageofa
a
*Aufloaihkei
Phoograpicity
ur
Aufplatzen
Phtogrpi
it
tofat
explode; burst open; blow up
AstzRear
sight; telescope mount
Aufschlag
Impact; percussion; shockL
Ausguss
AAuschlaggeschoss
Aufchlggrnat
Ausschwitzuhg
ussere Ballistik
aulbachen;suibsache
aubuhn
uhuce
"*
A'Ischlaigei
un (Ade o ho
VufchrauerngtA
'Au
ifspaltung
*(of
,aufsprengen
mpact (percussion)spoectl e
mitpruso~hl
Imnpact (percussion) fuze
Impact (percussion) fuzeAusrn
with delay
Au~shligundr
Ipactfuz witoutprojectile
ohe
Im pact fzyi
h u
Lvsdew
ay
aufshraben
toscre inprojectile;
Splitting up; cleavage
compounds)
to blow (blast or force)
.
-AufschlagzUndet(Az
Aufstekwnition
afteigender Aut
Auftaupunkt
Auftreff
Auftreffgesacbwindigkeit
striking velocity
Auftre ffpunkt
AuftreffwInkel
Aufzug
Lof
Augnblcka
Augenblicks under,
Auenl
Auenlikxndr
opeusuwlegen
Semi-fis ed ammunition
Acoiending branch (of trajectory)
Thaw point
Impact; collision
Terminal velocity.
itfuze;
Elevtt
Intantneu
Instantaneouas no'kdelay
quickL fuse
Ausgussmorser
ausharten
ausloschen
Ausloseheinrchu
Auslosehebelzer
ausliisen
Autoel
n
un.)adn
Ausnutzunitskoeffizient
Lipped mortar
to temper; harden
to extinguish; put out (tire)
Release mechanism (bombing)
Release lever
t
nope ees
Seecouple;releasun
e oneldn
litilizadon coefficient;
efficiency
Ausreisser; Fehlschusa
Stray shot
Ausrijatung
Equipment; aarmaent; outfit
,ausschiessen (Lauf)towaouthgn;osor
towaouthe
Sun treor
Cut;noc
thchit
Exudation
External Ballistics
inlAgeofelcto
AuaosuhcSmoke
A us ato ssen
Ausatoasladung
.AusstossrohrEetn
Austrockner
Auswahl
auswalzen
to roll out
auawgmten
to anneal; toast
Auawaschflasche
Wash bottle
'Abvrechselbar; austauscbbar interchangeable
auawechmelbares SeelenRemovable (interchangeable)
rohr
liner in a Sun
Ausweg
Ausweichung
Auswels
Auswerfer
AiwrugVlain
Auswitteruna
IUne
ntlstuntaneous fuze with delay
uxleato
VerogeuI
Ausaleher
Augenrei tff
Lacrmatoi(CWS)AufrtgeSeKlnecwg
r Aushau
Construr~tlon; dlsmmountles(G)
Automat
* A~buchngExpAUSlou;swelling;
autoinatlache Mine
enaremntautomatlechea
Gewehr
Ausb Pure
Yield; crop; ouItputAx:chesi
Ausbla~ser*
Deflagratlon without
Axetyleasauerstolff
detonation
brentier
* Auxb iung
Efflorescence.zr
tcsol()Ntoe
Ausbohrung
Bored hlae; bor of r~fle
Ao;Siktf()Nror
* Ausbeennen
to burn out riflInS; erode
Ausbeennuag des Lauifess
Erosion of the bor.(G)
:1obtabiuctruag
*(See
almo Abanutaung des
. AU.
Robres)
achbord
*udeun
Ex aout
Bohnho
Ausdehnstn;Adntung
Exipansion;
Bao
ahnoflt
Auedrisunfi
ffapoaildl
Aud~rstun
Tp"
extract
Extractor (Ord)
Automtat
Automatic mine
Automatic rifle; submachine Sun
Osacetyleag torch
B
Porn mide
Vayi roadl railroad; trajectory
Railroad station
ayonev(See also Seittagewichil
(.tr 26~8
mrteri
lak.
Kafetltlafette
(TiWJe
r blli%tis.clher, Beiwert
hailfi'tischer Pendel
lt~l'nBalloon;
hiand, lter
"Isar
., Isi"Seh(bas)
hatt erie
*!ur:Type
lfujkrYear
liatn'eriad; ile
fSaumu.jllabfal,
AiiuW %,lle
Ilsus.'ldlat
lieamtvrc;" leamnte'
S lieani~lIruchung
f.n
hytet;-ntBrrger-Mischunit
eacon; n ,avigation guide
lDcam gun carriage
lcami balance
Ballistic coefficien,
Biallistic pendulum
carboy
Bandoleer; shoulder-belt
Bear (One of the tanlcs)(See
wiuder PAtIser)
basic
liattery(Arty); accumulator
of constr ,uction
of cons~,ur-tion
D~egree Baurni;'B4
Cotton wastti; cotton linters
cotton
Soldier in a, construction unit
Official; civil servant
Strain; stann
60%)(i
Bte-hl1G)Mountain
B~ergmann
Bergwachs
Bergwerk
Bergwerkspfenrmittel
Bergwetter
Bergwolle; Steinflachs
Asbest
Bcricht
Bernstein
Bernsteinsiure
berittene Artillerie
hersten
Beriicksichtigung
Beruf
essStemming;
DeLat
egsfb
ilo
et.*
etssh~zCpue
Booty;uBgb
e captred materiel; loot
Ileutlkaellche
lilwaffriung
charge in a bag
Armament; equipmentofaroctl
bewpglichriGsht
mobile; movable; flexible
be~gic~
MNeibl
u
5 Gecht
bewglih.Sclei
'ointarget
bewegliches'NMaschjoein.
Mobil ! fexa,,e 1,ma gewehr
chine gun
Bewegliehkejlt
Mobility; maneu Iverabilit y
1ceugkigBodenkrepierer
fiLew teungkre
Mobile arffare
Bezir terun)
Ve tl t o (Ini g
* BikBe)District
6ezieug
w ie b w
bezaugch
bezuglich
b ild'
Bildsa
l~lurgswarme
l~~rd-nitte!
Bodenkammerladung
oekmeshan
Bodenkanzel
Base charge(Amrno)
Shrapnel with rear burster
Ball turret; ventral turret
(p
Base cap; bottom plate
lDod
Ventral gun mount CAp)
Rase pla'e (M or)
Bodenkappe
Bodenlafette(Bola)
B odenplatte
BodenrandFlneri
Bodenieisser(der lfu'lse)
BdnagdrPtoehodn ase) rPtonn
Bodenschwanz
Tail(of a bomb);
Dnistooltze
.B i ni ro ol o
Dii troolu en
lBod en ziel
bliwak
Btivou clac ;sot
ln
Bodenzuinder(BdZ)
blainke*
n
bHindt clearon; rmoothblankhe
B gn
"blasnke r'ff e
C lond watta ns;
cl rdm issbl tancheko
e h
Biais anz ri ffe e
Cl ud at ac ; lo d as at ac
B ogensp i tze
blaenjeener amfsof
Vesicant, agent(CVS)
Bohrseschoss
Blatt
Leaf; blade; sheet
* B~tehn
La'mina;; leaflet; flake; lamella
Bl~ttchenoulver(Blp)
Reenua lk
rplatconcrete
Blaukreuz(BIK)
Rfe ctangular fltake
ropellant
Bohrladung
Blua-'e
1ue croin trnttrscs
Bohrloch; Mlnenrohr
illau pau Iel
Blueroian i '
'
C J4
Bob a r n
Blecu
Shee meyro
tai &cdhC N~C S
p
Blech
Sheet metal
Bob
'
Blcbi-sr
Sheet metal Container; tin can
Borpatrone 88 (BhtPatr 88)
bleie
'l~eachd hie
Bleicthen
'
to'be h;
hi n
Bohtjiatrone 02(.Bhrpatr 02)
Bleirah
Led wre sedfordecopeing
'(containing
gun tube)
'
Bohrpatrone 28 (IBhrF'atr -28)
Bleigeachoss
Lead bullet
eimatelsschos
Borung(containing
Bl i a fktleadb
c hoss
'
Lead-jacketed bullet
'
B h u gBore;
B lend o be
GuD azze b mbBte
'Blnd
'
Gn manlet; gun shield
'crossbow
Blenidkgrpea(BK 1)
,'Frangible
glass smoke renade;
Bolzenblech
gls
otegrenade
Iozenb~ichse
Ble'tdungschiesaenSmoke-oscreening fire(Atry)Bmbd'Getg;bobd
blind
'
'
'blind; dull; inert
Bombardierunil; Bobre.
dIe
mentdiner
Boekelr
Ddm
'blindgenger; Bolorpar'Dd
blindeae
'
laed with blank ammunition
Bombe
bidgeladene Granste
'Blank
shell
Bombe in Felder elag.
Blitilgerit; Blinklamaipe'
Sga ai
el
.
Blitzkrieg
'
" Blitz war; lightning war
Bomb mit Verztugszeit
'Blitzlichtbombe; Blitzlicht'Photoflash bomb; photographic
Bombenabwurf; Bombenaub.
,.ylindrische Bombe(BLC)
flash bomb, cylindrical 'aun
uol
c '
Blitzschut
'
Lightning protec ,tion
'BlockverschluaaBlock action; block-locke
Boden
'
~Ground; earth; base; container
'In TM 9-1995-,p17
Base d
.la-2cio117)ombenschacht
fpz
Bombenblindeltr"me
Borbenfalikurve; Bomben-
fubh
BombenkopfBobos
BombIenlast
rehed
Abaael~lby rehrn()
(MG)
Outrigger supporr (G)
Gro und target
Base detonating fuze(I3DFz)
Dow; arc; bend; cueve
Curved fire; high-angle fire
Og ive (A m mo)
APIIE Projectile (HE charge
eploded after the armor or
was pierced)
Borehole blasting charge
Borehole
Blasting cartridge; pre-~ared
charge; demolition charge
D~emolition cartridge type 1888
(containing Picric acid)
Demolition cartridge, type 1902
7
5g of TNT)
Demolition cartridge, type 1928
100g of TNT)
caliber
B olt; pe g;striker; firing pin;
bolt
Washer; rosette (Arty)
Compressed air gun
Br
obing; bombardment
Bomb
Segment-bomb; fragmentation bomb
Time bomb
Bomb re'Aase
obcutrcrir
Bom
clsdaptere;lute
Bobraetr
Bomb loade
Bomb rack
Bomb fragment
Treobm
Bomb carritr; bomb rack
'
DombenvIseie; Dombenvlel.
Bomb might
lse
(,(r
.?0
Aiiat
tdeBomb
fuze
.::::1t"ioine
Boat; hull(of a flying boat)
II1irdlung
Cri~mp; crimping
Ih'rkanne~ll~)Gun o hprailneN
Bordlafette(Bl.)
Gu
on nsi rairplaneflame
Aircraft ammunition
armnament; tank
armament
* lorsiur
Boic cidBrennstoff
Biischamjrswinkell
Angle of slope
H~t.-'., Flah
Btl
Buie,
Submarine pen
Brand(fir)
Fire; incendiary; gangrene
Ilrndbnth~lf~f nccdiay~lc) ombBrenriz~inder
lira'nrdbombeiblindelI
Cluster of incendiary bombs
B11 ia,
M.flark.%It
It~U&
Frnagiblc irnccnidiazi nA.--,ea-Pyo
'2anti
*liter),
glaSs bottle incendiary grenade.
"Molotov Cocktail,"
*
lorwafenAircraft
hrnd of buraing
BrennzU'nder(BZ)
24
Brenzcatechin
Brenzweinsgure
Pyrncatechol
Pyrotartaric acid
Pressure-boaid land mine
High explosive; disruptive
(brisant) explocive
Shattering power; brisance
High explosive(IIE)shell
HE ammunition
lIE shrapnel
HE; brisant powder
-Brettstilckmine
Ilrandgeschoss(lirG)
*r
"Blrandgr-inate(.HrGr)
B3rennschluss
brisanter Sprengstof!;
Brisanzsprengstoff
Btisanz
Brisanzgranate
Brisanzmunition
Brisanzschrapnell
Brisanzsprengsto Iff;
Br'sonzpukvcr
Brombenzylzyanid
Brombenzylcyanide,(cWS)
Cyanogen bromide(CWS)
Fracture; rupture; craah
(of a plane)
Crash landing
Breaking test
Fragment
Bridge; platform
Electric(bridge-) wire of
blasting cap (lit Incandescent bridge-wire igniter)
Bridrge-wire ignitet; electric
.Bromzyan
Bruch
passage
lruchlandung
Bruchprohe
Dr~uchstiick; Splitter
Br~cke
Brulckenglilhz~nder
Prtickenzrinder
.-
~~Cap
'I
Brustwehr
Bruttogewicht
B-Stoff
*Buchse(Bu)
BUchse(HU)
Breastwork; parapet
Goswih
Bromaceton(CWS)
.
B~chsenhandgranate 42(0)
B chaenkonserven
BUg
B~el
B"
Get 271
BuinarfnzcB
Bunareifen
Fot armor
B~~~~una
tie; synthetic rubber
Bunr'
Bunde
b'krBundle;
Bunkerplcmnt
B~inel
bsuntkemuion
:shesn(qv) (lit
Uicrus escrjas
ammunition)(CWS)
~
eaSimultaneous firing of different pozson gages from separate Suns. The
gases used were a mixtur of Weiss.
I rezGebkeu ad Grlinreux,
sometimes together with BlauktcUx
luntrauch(Bunir)
Multiclrud s
Coke
Ountseb .i.ea.sen
Shooting with HIE and chemical
L'ussol
Pompals
BIiubee
*
*Chaussee
Centigrade
CyAnugenabumide(CWS)
I
Streamlined shellDetrto
Highway
* hmeChemistry
Chem i che" Knmpfstolfe
Chemical warfare ag'i-rts(CVS)
Chem i sch-niechnni seher
Chemical1-mechanical ignitier 41,
Ztlnder 41(CMZ 41)
chemiacher Krieg
-. Chemical warfate(CW)
chemiacher Zuinder "Buck"'
Chemhical crush igniter "Buck"
chifree
tciher'cd
Chloravnin
C6hlnramine-T (CVS)
hlrarsinksmpfstoff.
h
ih~~hoi~e4v3
1Cak6.he'clrrsnt.vS
(Clrk1)Detonationsi~bertragun$
Chloiatspren.gmittel
Chloriate explosive
Chloracettophenon-Chlor.
Chloraceto~phenone-Chloropicrin
pikrin-Lgsung
solution(CVS)
ChloJrCyan
Cyanogen chloride(CWS)
Chorgas
Chlorine gas(CWS)
*Chlorkalk
Chlorinated lime (coClO )(CWS)
Chlorkuhlelcoxyd
J(Phosgone; carbonylchlorlde(CWS)
*Chlorpikrin
Chlorplcrin(CWS),
* ClorulfnslureChirsufonc sid(VS)Gesch)
Chlorvinyldichlorarsin
C.
iLewrlaite(CWS)
Chlorwasserstoffalure
Ii Irochloric acid
*Clark I
See Chlorasinkamplastoff
Clark 11; Cyan Clark
i'See Cyanichlormarinkampfstoff
*Cotistruckti n(CX ld
TyeIateo
brn.Seas
spelling)
IKonstruktion)
Cono
Conus
Cynhoaunampfof
(Cyaclark
ri
fsto
C anwasserstof
*dick
Dauerfeuer
uep~
Dauerprobe eines Laufes
Dauerschumssfeuer
Deckblittchen
fl~eekrl
Dekui
Deckungsloch
Debnn
Deich
Demolierung
ccontDichtuag
i Cone
Detonin'ionegeschwindig
keit
li.Pfflnstinnstennperatur
DeoainwleSame
Dernoator
deuten
DeutgeachossfDeut-
Deutpattoroe(DeutPatt)
Deutschniark(DM)
Deutung
Dlchte;, Dichtlitkelt
icugdeklSealing
Diphenylcyanarsine(CWS)
(8.0 also Schwarzkreua)
evdr
eync acid
Dlchtitngsplat,.Otuaig
Dic'htungsring
dlckandlgthick-walled
Dachitaestwalf.
Dackorn
Turret hatch(Tk)
rn,
Damper; flash hider(G)
engine
Steam pipe
Preparation; productionl;
De gen
ue:vet
C.clciu~sgrad(C)
Cc -Staff
C-~Geschoss
Dachluke
DmiVpr
Dimpfer
apmshn
DmpfaacineSteam
Dampfrohr
amfpann
Pu I~xnratuagc~
Ter'
Detonator
to indicate; explain; interpret
Projectile giving on a bumst a
cloud of colored smoke serving
as indicator; indi.cator projectile
Indicator cartrldge(such as for
grenade pistol)
See Reichsmark
Interpretation, explanation
Density
Packing; joining; ohturatlon
cover(See also
Fliesadeckel)
lt
Obturating r"ing gas-check ring
thick; dense
Service wespon
Dlethylentglycal dinitrate
DG
flDN
aked propellant
Get 272
"Diphenylcyanargin
D is ushandg -
Itpropel
-,:..nns"f
Dobgerat
I,-htWikk
Do-Gerit 38
lan
D
e hrsSee
Chiorarsankaml
fstoff
Diphenylaraine
Cyanide,
called
El- Cyanchlorarsinkampfstoff
Hand grenade in the form
of
a disk for firing
Launcher
simeltaneously up to 65 rockets,
uch
as Taiun(TM 9-1985-3.
S223)
Wick
joni
Dolch
o
Donaritpatrone 100 g
of Donarite
Double-barreled rifle
Two-barreled mount
I)lPpelbuchse
lDoppellafente
doppellirtifi p
Doppelzbnder(Dopp Z)
S
dZbe-a)ee
.
.Time and percussion fuze (lit
Double action fuze); combination
Draht(D)
Drahtnetz
Wire
"t)rahtrohr
Drahtschere
Drahtzange
..
"pefffratinS
handling
D- D/,II
'Rifling Plie*s(for
wire) spin (of
twist
(in a gun);
a projectile); pitch of rifling
(gleichblcibender
(Uniform twist)
(zunehmender Drall)
twist; progressive
"
(Increasig
'rilii, ) -.,inje
rifling)
) rallabweichung; SeitenabDrift (due to spin of projectile)
SJLweichu-39
L
weichung
"
:
Dtailange
Drallwinkel
rallzise
Length of rwist(rifling)
Angle of rifling; pitch
of rifling
.Gionves(RiflinS)
-such
Drang
rehDreRotary;
..
"
Dretbank
Drehkuppel
l)tehscheibenlafette
Drehtum
Drehverschluss
Dreh zahl
1 lrehiahlmesser
Dreinchslafette
Dieibein; DreifusS
Dreiergemisch
1 relfachzunder
Lu
'
I)relfussliafne
.rTriple
nhrcc-barrclcd
hunting gun
usually
smooth bore
and one with
rifledtwo
barrels
Pre sure; compression; print
Bufet bolt
Buffet bolt
Compressive strength
Druck
Druckbolzen
Druekfest;gkelt
Druckknopfalinder 42
D k
esnap
Druckkugel
Druckweile
Druckzwider 35(DZ 35)
D-Stoff
:
II
if
Dumdum
Geschoss(DdG)
Dunkelkammer
dnarkroom
dilan
Dunst
urchbrechen
durhbbeto
Durchbrchkampfwgen
D w
P enetration
Penetration
to load(a magazine or belt)
Diameter
Perforation
durchlaiden
Durebmezser (0)
Durchschiessen; Dutchehuss
Durchuehlag
Durefhiblagkragt
Durchschnit
Durchschnittpanzerstge
Drall)
Durchtrlinkung
Duse (DOi)
.
..
D"senjger
us alie
DUsenrohr
Diisenwaffe(DuW)
Blast pipe
Jet-propelled projectile,
scasProe
erfaestie
Panzerfaust
(lit
Vent as
weapon)
l)ynamitgescheltz
Pneumatic
Pneumati gun
sun shooting
shootin
projectiles filled with dyanmite
damt
E
E-100(Panzer)
Ecke
Ei (pl Eier)
cheto
Elchung
Eierhendgranate
.g1gap
Einabsug
Einlscherung
.
'
Elnbru
Elnbruchsfeuer
Eindampfung
Mounting; Installation
Assault
vprto fire
EvaporatIon
Get 273
EladckerMonoplane
Eindrehung
Eindrehung der Patronen-,
Slot; groove
Neck of the cartridge case
t;pesi;iflrt
oIpn
tompresinetae prE n nitae
Simplesso
cinfch smpleconstruction
Ei.,fallwinkel
Angle of impact
,Einfeuer
Single shot fire
*Einfllssrohir
Inlet pipe
*cifdhento
adopt; introduce
Eingang
..
Entrance; introduction
EinsngzdnungPriingchageElektron
E i..Siessung
Pouring in
Einheit
Unit; unity
F inheitsgeschoas
Standard projectile; combined shell
*Einheitsmeschu~tz
Universal piece; dual-purpose Run
.Einheitsgewicht
Specific gravity
Einheitssranite
Combination HE and ahiapne -he'.H
Einheitsanunition
Fixed Ammunition
* Einheitspatrone
Standard cartridge
Einhe ,itspulver(EP)
Standard propellant (See descrip
tivo section)
hainlsne In.
ejodringe
Feinduck
ualpurposewepn
Sanard fuze; combination fuze
'Insertf
Storage
Finheitwaffe
* Fineiss~de
*Einlage
Ein lagerung'
Einiaufgewthr'
Einlegerohr
SInl barBounde
Subicaliber tube; liner
Einpressen de's Geachoases
Foircement of a projectile into
in die Zu"ge
rifling; engraving,
einrasten
to engage; raw home; lock
eintichten
'to
adjust(fire, ere)
Eintichtang
.Installation;
e., Ilishment
Ei n~etting
Acidification
* Eina'chi'essen
'Adjustment fire; trial fire;
target(raage) finding'
Einschies'sgeschoss (See
also Anschiesspatrone and
,Range
vAn rmeschuis)
* Einschliesszie'l
Einscbiffung
Fioachlaft
*Eloachnitt
Einschuss
einsetzen
*
inspritzdse[jtonozl
,
* Elcstecklauif; Einsteckrohr
cinstellen
Einste~llring; Stellring
Eizlae
Einze'lschuss
Einzelschussfeuer
Elizselatetnpiltirone
Big
* Eiaenbaln(B)
Sheet Iron
Iron roller (in clearinf, of mnine-9)
A/P bottle mine (lit Ice mine)
Electron (trade name for
Al-Mg alloy)
"Elephant" tank destroyer (See
under Panzer in descriptive
FlefAnt
part)
empfindlich
empiindlicher AufachlagzUnder(EAZ)
epfindlicher Kopfz'under(EKZ)
empfindlic~her Ziinder(EZ)
sensitive
Superqutck impact fuze
Empfindli'chkeit
Enddrall
Sensitiveness; sensitivity
Enddruck'
Endgeschwindigkelt;
Restgeschwindigkeit
Endwucht
'Remaining
velocity
Enge:
Entenfilnte
Entferatung(E)
Narrowness, closeness
Duck gun
Range; distance (See also
energy
**Shswle
Eofern
sggert" Bufferonugsmesser; Betfer-
ugsie
Eatfeuebter
EtlmugInflammation,
Desiccator
Entflammungaprobe
Eergiftung
flash
en~tkupfere
Notch; cut,
'
Hilt
to. commit; insert
Entkuplfrungsamttel
Detozication; decontarninaktion(CWS)
to decopper
Decoppering agent (such as
entlasten
Entlastungszalndet(EZ)
Pb wire)
to relieve (of pressure)
AntiliftirSg Igniter (with "~E
A~djustlns ring(Fit)
Elatasuchrefraktometer
elovisieren
Einsellade rmagazle
Eiaenblech
Eixenwalze
Eirminc(EisMk; FsMi)
(See also Flascheneismint)
FiweissWheofg;alui
Impact; strike
Einsteckmagazin
Ei
"bhgec~tz
Rlha i
Railroad hvowte
Esenbahngshaubl
Eisenbahnfafette
Rira
onigG
Armored railroad train
Eiaenbahnpanzeraus
Rail
isenbahnschiene
Reinforred concrete
Eisenbetonbau
Immersion refractometer
to eight in
Single-loadlng migazinaitfor
tepeating fire)masaae
Slngleloader; $inste shot
was..
.Single
sago; siesla round
Single shat f ire( Is contrast
to bursts) .arld
.Single
star cartridge
.
Icts
*Ralltoad(RR)l
.Kaaauetme
railwayte
einillften
areeug
entseblrern(Zlndor)
entiehr
nokn
EmteichorimSflI6ge1
eawafue.to
etsento
Eativlaservagosrabom
aaldiekl
to unprime Mea)
to disengage or release the
sft evc V) to arm or to
activate (MI or D)
Arming vaso(D)
to uneock; to relieve tension;
to lot the fIring pin down
disarmi
free From waterl dehydrate
Drainag, diteh
to ignite
lamabillety
IgIsitloo (Inflammatlen)
erte
* Erdaftilletle
E.
Lrdbebenbombe
::Erde
Erdmine; Landmine
Erdi~l
Erdorscil
11 .scun
Erganzung
Ergebnis
Erhitzunig
Erhhun
Erkennung
Etk la~run .g
rmind ungskampfstoff
E~rmUdungsschiessifn
iErprobungsplatz; Vaffen'p ru
fungs'platz
Ers ,atz(Er)(See'al~so
Surrogat)
Erstzsregstfe(ES)
ErsatzstUck(Erst)
Ersatmete
Erschiltterung,
*
.Erstarrung
-.
erstickenider KampOfstoff
Fr rrwi~ung.
Erweichung
erwidern
Erwiderungsfeuer
Erz
Erseug er
Esau
Esche
lisse
* Esig
.Vineartfnce
Essiglihr.Ehy
Essi
*Easiggeist
Essisakure
Exerxierbombe(ExB!
Exrziergeschoss(ExG)
E
Exeiriiermarach*
IExtilun)
'ExerxierMunitsio(
*Exerzierpstrone(ExPatt)
Expansionsgeschoss
'
explodierbar; explosibel
explodieren'
E .plosibilits~t
Fxplosionsdriek .
* xposofhiki
' Eploi~ionusgeachosi
E
Epolnskraft- Explosivkraft
Explosiongstoss
Exlsintmperatur
'
Eplainswrm
Explosion swell.
9sploalvgeachoss '
"
Explosivatoiff
l~nega
fagento
ctt
Farbe
Acetone
Faschine(Fasch)
'Acetic acid
.the
Drilll(practice)bomb;, dummy bnmb
, Dtill(duinmy'jrr.ojectile
Faser'
.
Training hike, .*
,*'
..
Fassnebelzerstiuber
Drl~um~amnto
.Faust
.Fist;
Drili(dummy)cartridje
Faustfeuerwaffe
. Expaa ndingt bull t bt;
hllow poirt
Faustpatr one
bullet.
*'explosive-,
exolodable
F-Boot
to explode
.FdrFeather;
'.- Fxplodablllty
Federantrieb
.
Explosion pressure
Federkapsel
Explblt
Federkraf t
'HE projectile
Fehler
'Explosive
force orpwrfeinko~tilgea
Pulver
'
'
'Feld
Eilplosive Impact
Feidbahn(Febs)
EpointmeaueFeldgeschtita(Foesch)
'Heat
of explosion:
'Fle
'Explosion wave; shock wave
FelIder und Z~g
'Exploaive
bullet
'
Feldhaubitte(FH)
Feldkianont(FK).
Euae
xdto
Factory; works
Parachute flare
Parachute-flare cartridge for
signal pistol
Cartridge with parachute for
measuiring 'wind velocity
fuze)
Antisubmarine net
carch; capture
fortifications)
Fiber; filament
Smoke sprayer (barrel)
grasp
Hand gun
Fist Cartridge; HoC rocket
(See description)
Tank landing craf t
pen; spring
Spring action (clockwork fuze)
Cap over a spring
Elasticity
Fn-andpoeln
Field; land(riflins); ground
Field railroad(narrow-gage)
'Field
piece, field gun
Lands(Ord)
Land@ abd gtooves(Ord)
Field howitzer
Field cannon
Ge r 2'
Feuerwerksk~irper
Field gun cartridge(Fix Ammo)
Filterbuchse
Field police
Filz
Army mcdic
Staff sergeant (except in Arty & Cavy)FilkPropfen
i.(lglwlt
Ordnance depot
Flachbahn
SP mount(See under P~anzer)
Fliche
far; distn
Flaebfeuer
Long-range projectile
Flaehfeiiergeachatz
Long-range sun
Flachkop~gcscbn~s
flackern
Guided missile
Fladdermine
L~ing-range propellent charge
Flaggschiff
Telescope
Flalc(Flugabwehrkanone)
Television
Flakmasehinengewebr
Te ephone
Flakpanzrer
Remote coIntrol guidance for
Fildpatrone(FPatr)
Feldpolizei(Fepo)
Feldseher
Feldwebel(Fld,.
Feldecuglager
Ferdinand
fern
Ferageschosn(I'Gescb)
* Ferngeschuitz; Fernkampf* gescbd'tz(FKG)
Fernsesteuertes Geschoss
*Fetrnladung
Fernrolir
Femnsehen(Fesh)
Fernsprechez(Fsp)
Fetnsteuer Gerat
em
'c~~usi",winge
Festungsfttllk(FFe
FetnalkF)Fortress
Festwagagescb~acx
*Festungograhen
FetngkregSiege
fett
feucht
Feuchter
*Fevehtigkeitagebalt
Feuer
Fitserbereich
fFire
Feuetbuper;s~i
r"pe;Flammendampfer; Muadungsfeuird~mpicr
feueifest; feuersicher
feuetgefAhrlichi
Furgewicht
Fortresa artillery
AA Sun
$otea
gun
Woat
warfare
fatty; oily
moist; humid
Humidifier
Moisture content
Fire
Fiexn;rneaircraft(Sce
zone;nrang
fireproof
aprFliebbacke
Fls
ie;fls
FarilngFour-barreled
Flammend'a'apfer
FlmintalSee
Flaminenwerfer(FanV)
Flammenwerferpanzerwagen
Flansch
Flanschgeschoss
Flaschencismine(FlEsMi)
Flata(Flammenwerfertank)
Flattemmine
Fla-Waffe:
Flieper
Fliegerabwehr
Fliegerbombe
Fliegerdichatu~ze(FIDSt)
Fli egerleitpanzer
Fliegericuchtpistole
jFliehbatkenfeder
:fireproof
inflammable, liable to catch fire
*Vight of gun in action
Feviri~r
Firdampcoa
Shwaen
mie)
i Firpoerrpopelan
Ito ecoic i ireorks
FetekuntFeuewerereiPyrtechik
yrotcliy
'Fire control instrument
Feuerleitgerst
Fire control
*Feuctleitung
extinguisher
Feiirl~shetFire
Fire eztinguial-Ing substance
Feuerloschmittel
-Firearm; fire tube; flue
Fenerrohit
Lightship
Fenersebiff
See feuerfest
feucraicher
Burst
* Feuerstoss
I) t of liquid fire
Feuerstrahl; Flammeag~m
'Fire distribution(Arty)
FeuerverelluoX(Firsg)
Firearm; sun
Fauerwaffe
Fire department
Peuerwebr
See Feuerkunst
Fenerwerk; Feuerweikeriel
Ordamance aouconwmlsslonted
Feuerwetker,
officer -pyrotechnist
naac~~
Flat trajectory
Surface; flatness
Flat trajectory fire
Flat trajectory gun
Flat-nosed bullet
to flare; flicker
Contact land mine
Flagship
AA cannon
AA machine gun
Special armored vehicle with
full armor cover; usedas AA
.Fettigung
Fertigungsiahr
:Fertig.' inder
* Fesselballon(FessB)
feet eingebautes
Maschiningewehr
Festigireit
Festlegepunkt
ferselento
.Fsrn~es)Fortress;
Pyrotechnic composition
Gas mask
Felt
Felt wad
Fliebbolzen
Fliehkraft
eckl)
AA sun
See Feuerd~impfer
Feuerstrahl
Flaate-thrower(See also
Nahwerfer and Weitwerfe r)
Flame-throwing tank
Flange
Flange pro jectile(See
description)
Bottle-shaped mine placed
under ice
Flame-thrower tank
Tumbling mine
A A weapon
Pilot in Air Corps personnel
AA defense
Airplane bomb
Meaning unknown to us
Armored observation car used
with front line support
also under Panzer)
Aircraft signal pistol
Centrifugal arming device(Fz)
Spring of centriulual arming
device (Fz)
Centrifugal safety pin(Fz);
disappearing firing pin
Centrifugal force
ithozokerite, placed between
and shell to prevent
th esapeof gases (obturation)
an tolubricate the gun barrel.
Th
eiewas used during
WWI y h Austrians.
Flinte
Flotte
Flug
Flugsbwelir(Fle)
Flugabwebikanone(Flsk)
Fluabahn
FlgltePcopaganda
Fliugel(Fl
Fluseldhmae(FWVU)
Fluselgransate
IlUgelmfine
Shotgun
Fleet; Navy; dye liquor
Flight; flying
AA defe.s
AA gun
Taetr
leaflet
Stabilizing vane or fin; wing
jet motor mounted on a wing
Fin-stabilized shell
Fin-statbilized mortar shell
(,tr 27(,
fliigelstabi!isiertes (;eschoss Fin-stabilized projectile
Funk turr.(FuTu)
Fl~etTime
of flight
Funktionsprobe
Filugzeitrnesser
Chronograph(Le Bouleng4, etc)
Funkwelle
Flugzeug(Flzg);
Airplane; aircraft
Fuuier
Luftfahfrzeus
F~sisjier
Flugzeugabwehrkanone
See Flugabwehitanone(flak)
Fussmijrser
Fluzeggsc'dz;Air'rf~A~u
Fussplate
Flusse
RkroIver
Futterl
FlussRive
FuteralCase;
,liWssige Luft
LiudarFutterlauf
* Fliuissiplkeitsbremse
Ilyt...i~ irake
Futterrohr
Fulssigk is~k Ia"fbremse
Hydraulic recoil brake
Futterst'iick
I~siXkeitsz.nd
er
Liquid escape fuze; hydraulic fuze
FsslutSrnstoff
Liquid air explosiveG
Flusskabeib
Marine~icable; underwater cable
Flusqtr'ibmn([ri
Drifting mine
Gabel
r~n73
min Rocket Launcher(See under
Gabellafette
Wapone/
Gabel-:UtzcBio
Formanderung
Deomto
Gallert
Formbarkeit
Plasticity
Gamma(Mudrser)
Fortbewegung
Propulsioat; movement
l ortpflanzungsgescbwindig.
eoct of propagation; -of
Gang
keittransmission;
or - of detonation
* Fracht .
Freight
Gangapill
Friiqer
Mtilfinp.: cutter;.eae
Garbe
.Freischarler; Pa.rtisane
See' Guerillakiimpfer
Gasabwehr
Fettage
Iopn;hrkaeGasbombe
* Frie
utismsr
Ftkises
FJrikdion szUridschraube
Freezing point
Apparatus for measuring friction
FrVi-tion igniter; friction priminig
screw
Fritt~ung
Fiitting; sintering
Fritz
Nickname for 1400 kg AP Bomb,
called in Get "1400 kgs SD"
Fr~izerpriger(TM9-9-,p2)
FrhPremature
* Fru~h 11dun I
F-Stoff
burst(Arty)bnae
Premature ign~ition; pre-ignition(MG)
Titanium tetrachloride(.moke agent)
( S)Gasgewchtgranate
ugseiFougasse(See
general section)
F~hrungsband; F11hrungsring
:Rotating band; driving band
*Fhrungswd~st
Bourrelet(See also Zentrierwulst)
*FUlloch
'Filling
bole(Ref 6, p 57)
Fu maerial; Fuillmittel
Filling material; loading material
Fullolffrung
Charging bole (Arty),
.Fllulrp
HE~filler(lit Filling powder)
*F-1stll
Installation for filling projectiles
*fu"Ilstiff
See0FIlmateiial
F"lltrichter
Filling funnel
.blocks
*Flillung
Filling; fillet.
*Fundamentplatt.e
.Base-plate; foundation-plate
Ftink(Fu)- Funkgerht
'Radio
* Funke; Funken
Spaik; sparkle
Funkenchronograph
Spark chronograph
iFunkenziindung
Hi;gh-tension priming; spark priming
Funker
Rai prtrGebirgugranate
Punkleuakpauzer
Radio controlled light tank for
special purposeu(See also under
Funmesgr~tFuG)
Panizer)
.Gebirgsjlager
Funklmpssser'FuG
Radar
FukazrArmo~red
vehicle for troop comnin
.unlcatlon(See also under Panter)
* Funkeendung
Radio transmission
Funkatelle(Fust)
Radio station
Funktrupp(Fu T,)
jSignial corps detachment
Gasbr-sanzgeschoss;
Gaksbrisanzgranate
Gasdruck
Gasdruckbombe
Gasdruckgerlat; (;asdruck.
messer
Gasdruckhtilse(GDrH)
Gasdrucklader; GaskolGas-Erdmine
Gasgeschoss
Gasgranate(Ggr)
Gashandwerfer
Gaskampf; Gaskrieg
Gasmorser
Gaismunition
Gasteer
GAbwerfer
geballte Ladung(GebLdg)
geballte Ladung 3 kg
geballte Ladung 10 kig
Gebirgaartilleuie(GebA)
GeblrgsgeschUez(GebG1
Gebirgaboubitze(GebH)
GeblrgsinfanteriegeschUta
Gebirgsjgser-Bataillon
.(shock
Gtse
Gebrauchsladung
R-,dio tower
Functioning test
Rddio wave
Quartermaster sergeant
Rifleman; infantry private
Plate-base mortar
Foot plate; float(AA G)
Forage; fodder; lining
scabbard; sheath
Lincr(of a gun)
Lining tube; inner liner(G)
Bushing(breechblock)
Bracket; fork
Gun carriage with shafts
jelly; gelatin; slue
420 mm Howitzer(See under
Weapons'
Motion; action;
passage(Mining)
Capstan
Cone of dispersion(Guny)
Gas defence
Gas bomb
High explosive chemical
shell
Gas pressure; blowback
Pressure bomb
Pressure gage; crusher gage
(see also Messei)
High-pressure cartridge
Blowback-pstdaomrc
weapon; gas operated gun
Chemical land mine
Chemical projectile; gas shell
Chemical rifle grenade
Chemical shell
Chemical hand grenade
Chemical warfare
Chemical mortar
Chemical munitions
Gas-tat
Cilemical(gassprolector
Concentrated cbarge(eonsiating of several explosive
tied together)
Demolition block containing
3 kg TNT
Demolition block containing
10 kg HE
Mountain artillery
Mountain piece; pack gun
Shell for mountain gtuns
Mountain howitzer
Mountain Infantry howitzer
Mountain lnfantryman(See also
J&'ler)
Mountain Infantry battalion
troops)
s;cso
Normal charge; service
chaasge(Amumo)
Vessel;
GefechtGeschaitz
GecFti~ghit;
6 .chsofKimpi
Gefreiter
*
(er 277
~Private
first class
Geschiirz auf
.Selbstfahrl.ift.tte
Gesch~tzpulver
Gnpoeln
Gefrieruk
GehlStucure;
Ge arContent;
gcharteter, Stahl
Freezing point
texture
concentration(CW'S)
Hardened steel
Gesch tzrohr
Gesch"Mtverschluss
urehlc
Gbr..idgk
Gehiluse
St
GeeeSAatspolizei
Cmast;e
Case;m asing; housing
Secret State Police
G. sellachaft
Gestalt
Gestapo
-society; Company
Form;shp;fgr
SeudrGra
9Gstk o
Aelrummte Flugbahn
geae~e)loaded;
Gelarindynmi
Ge
ain d na i
Gclb rei.
Curved trajectory
aimed; charged
Terrain; ground; country
GesteinRokstn
Ge stein ssprengmittel1;
Gesteinssp engstoft
Igesteuert
Gelatin dynamite
Abbreviations
Roc basting esriosive;
blasting explosive
co to l d;s e r d
cnrle;serd
Gie
isl
-Synchronized MG
gesteuertes Geschoss
gesteuertea .Maschinten.
gtesrreckte Flugbahn
gestrcckte Ladung
Flat trajectory
Biangalore torpedo (Sce
tllsoRohrladung)
Urought iron (See also
gestreckttes Iiisen
Getreidemebl
getrennte Mbunition
Getriebe
wl
gewalzter Stahl
G eb
(Gewehr(Gew)
Gewchrblendgranate 42
Gewch rgescho ass
rewG)
Gewehirgranatte(GewG,)
Gewehrkartusche
Gewehrmunition
C.ewehrnebelgrati ate 42
Oeatanever-all
length
Gewehrpanzer.
Geschoss(Geach; Ga)
Projectile; missile
gaaeGwzr
Geschoisbahen
Trjco y
als c c r eGewehrpatrone(GewPatr)
GesehosabodenBase of projectile
Giewehrpulver(Gewp)
Geaehosadraj!;Geschossdrehung Spin of proj-ctile
Gewehrschuss
*Gediieosadurchm-taae 1
Diameter of psoje~tile
ecosaikG)Projectile
factory; shcl 1f.cwry
Gewehrspreng..
pescho saighrung
Seating(forcing)of projectile
rnt(wpg)
Geschossgewicht(Gi)
'Weight of projectile
rnt(e
pgt
Geschoasgesehwindigkeit
velocity of projectile
gwrlceSrnaof
1 Geschossh~hlun
Shl cavityt
G chahleBod
y of projectile; shell
Gewichtadn(ig
* Geschosahillse
Ca..tridge case
* Gschsakr.
~
Ca ofproectleGewinde
* Geschosskopfe
Coap of bulectlet
e~b gew~lbtconvex;,
GeshosinatelHea~pont~f pojetil
ezogen(gez)
Jecosop
ackeoit of
bullectil
ezogener Teil des Laufes
Geschossmine(GMi)
:
Improvised A, T mine made of
gexoga
e ecbRfe
l
a lH E sh
gexogenes Zi lT
Ogie(Pog)Gichtataub
Gesehossaptze ; Gescossupixe;Bognaprze
oenpie
Projiectil o
pnets bullet
siessentopr;ct;ml
Ge -hsa-prengatoff
Busigcharge of projectile
girntya(Sels
GescosazpfeoRcarpatofnen
el
Giltoebel; Giftrokuch
geschrumpftes Rohr
Built-up barrel (lit
*
i
Shrunk barrel)
Fbi;tsu
See Gewelirnebeigranate 42
Rifle bullet
Rifle grenade'
Propelling cartridge for
Rfeamnto
(Per278
*('iplelho~he
Maximum ordinate(Traj)I;.azmdrcs)liefrh~
hl
m t 1~ j
G ran u lie tun g
(I~rating; hcre~en; grid; lattice
sgraphische Scrhuss'lasmine
S
(Glassland mine Glazng~f
tafel
orpropllat-)with
poder
(slAttcSn( des
lchrs't(;laxingSm
thf1r gun r o r pe l n s
graphitieren
91latte'O (.es
o
hte4%
l G
Smultverr
Gun(at
glates~lolict.~~l'uver
il4zed(Polished)powde, or prollellant(ibrefagin
glatt: s ohrig
Smooth-barrel
Grauguss(Gs) .Cast
*Glatthiwa ig't
Sm o h bo erauspiesaglanz
Giei hge ich
Ba anc : e uil bri m
gavim etrisches Gew icht
Gicish b
Ralile bombliR
Grenatdier
Vimme micaalso
Glimm er1.16car
Gtrienz((r)
('lmmi
r(G's -)
racer with glowing composition('tiff
dim tracer
llhnto
glow
grobes lll'Alttrhen.
(Wfd-ifiaetlulver(grBll')
G;llu~dt
6(6ldikathodenoe
acuum 'tubeti*adi
Grobgewicht
Hotfgose
-headminna
Lallakpfc'enIlo-wie b dge vih
e )d(nu
werter)
electric igniting device
Grossadmiral
Ulha p
ncndesent lamp
G .rosse
(alihz~indapparat (see also
Low tension blastiag
machine;
grosse ly;dngkgr~dg)
Zs~
ch
nidne
m)a
a
pp a odra
tu s
r) el c r ca g it o
ro ss r Z ~ind la
d u n g( g r~ d lg)
apparaieO'lui)
otensio e
.
(;rrossfettiguns
('I ihziaidrC~lltz Lowtenion lecri igniteir or
grosskalibrig
detoaiitor , ..
1ss
te
I,
(vl~h-iinkecc
ti~.~;eoao hi
ih delays Cirube
de:t4
11IA
.I gt
ignit?. or
Grubengas; Grubenwetter
;i iife lpr
t~u
Gitter
-.
"0(Glah
"(;oliath" DenltoVehi'l
Guiielond 14; i
Sotapato
brhneuht
itrIeof Ihardt
GCraawercgsltd
FVObharcele.J automatic
eorrAr 11suncher)
os hl
Prip;lhantdnle
refae
Poeln nlrefae
Gosweight
Ileavy flame thrower(on twowheel carrier)
Admiral of the lieet
V att;m~ aid;sz
chazg trge
L ar ge i gn i te r o rp ri nete c h a r ge
Mass production
large caliber; big bore
Muzl
ditchit
Fiea pepoiemixture of
mehn
Gundadu.
n(Grndld)
Bse hare;
GrundmIine
Sta hell
terba
(.r n x t p l tte
Sh ll spl nte
.
Grantattrichter
Shell crater
(;ranaIt%vtfer(GrtXSee also
Grenade throw,-r or r'rojector.; trench
M~rer *.motar;
AlT grenade rifle
Gpi
to
G l~terw age n
Gttu
an air,; mine ai
aincharge(.See
ground mine;
controlled mine(Nav)
rrcen cross (Ger marking for
ln riat)CS
Group fire; volley fire
Do u ble-base p ro pella n t c on t g
nirgnrle.Nu
Gueerilla (See also Partisan'e)
Fd
ice cag
Fubir gukicen(lag
e lt; strap; g irdle; a mrnu n ition
bl;frdbl
t
atio
Cast
steel;
fur-lace steel
00 'in",
(Puas~evarrapolitSee
under Weapons)
Freight station(ltR)
F re ig h t c sr(RR )
FrihtriRR
rih
ri(R
.H
haarartig
IlafenPort;
ecnu
nGrnd~egun
e
e .42
IFixed
Axlatwt ihbiijmineral Oil
GrabngeshutzGr~rreuxGr~t)
Trench piece(Arty); trench gun
(!raben h uiteg
Tr nc howit:er
Gruppenfeuer
(.raben kin
i eg
Tr e ch war ar
Gu ol ul v a( uP
Grabnmie;
rabnnarserTrench mortart shell
*grabnrat'rer
Trench mortare
Grahnmtrer
regih motarFreischarfer
Grad
D~egree; grade; rank
Gul 'sckanione
Grn~taihs(rl)Grenade launching rifle
unra
ra
n A te
e
Shell;i~proett le gr n d
Gr
Grngleolrfe
niconcrete shell
';,naf~laag(GI)Shell fillet .'.Glirtelbetfedel
GAftatfiillu's 02 (Grf 02) r
Sr,,Belt;
n
Seltiller
type'3902(TNT)
sgurten
(Ouanatfiallung 88 (Grf 88)'
Shelfle'yeIHRirccd
ust
Gramnathulse
Shell filrtp
~l~'aa
ca)
(usCasting
Shell can,
.
~Guaselsen
.Catio
4 Giaatatkart~tsche
'Cn se:sel
Canisterc shllhoel
ussth
'rA'ttoh .Selhl
Gustav (iesch"iz Doa
Grntiga
'ujector signal; rockeItsignal;.
(a~aatw.rfel-~nling~rVflin)
G a i l
(Trnuajetorycat(o t
Ilairlike, capillary
harbor
(lit rooster)
Hamrll
u
auptinann(Hipt)
Ha~ggee~Hammer
shotgunptach
hahailose
hlaupnsch
hammer rles
HlauptzUndung
anoe P ewchr
h1ammerless tlelead-in(BI)
Hasenbucs
Iaok
,1sim rclams ; atce
haut~atzcnd
hook; clqeb
s p; c a p a c
H autgift
Hakenb11t~octisc
Arqebu
* Halb automnia
s
cea o
Hebel
H lalbdku rchne ss
Radius; semidiameter
Hebelzi~nder
HfalbkuCZcgel gldelabzr
HemisphereLe
H~altne~ 4 ~~
5Al' proetl
hlals(Halpzgr)distnguised
haltbar
Neck;, throat; stem(of a thermometer)
lerl)Army
Haitbarkeit; Bestind;,;
sal;drbe
asigatcia
llaltering(HRB)'
ab
I~aSO
Lagerbestandighke t) Heeasatatcia
hlaleshrub
itrsastn
Haltesthab
Retaining ncrew(Fz)
Heeresartillerie
hhateeicenRetaining pin
Hateeihe
Herna.ru~l)
Sopsina
leeresfiak(hIrlak)
namerhr
Sop ignl
Ieerenfunksttele (lFu)
Hlanimereisen
Wruh rnHeereshauptquartier
Hhandbremse
Hnbrk;eegcyraeheadquarters(G311Q)
Mi EPIiAca~
Min pronefingd cammo
ianucl
no-fde ammortsc
Melainchare o toela
charge of blasting
cpo eoao
Captain
M-isn
Main gulard
ignition
vesicant(CWS)
Blister agent;
vesipant(CWS)
Lever
rtyein
e'
Levor typligits
(for Glas mine)
fom.as
1 rmee
(the Army,
Army
Army
Army
Army
Army
Army
nt
establishment
artiliery
vehicle
AA Alty
radio station
general
hladfeerwffe
Had rak; e ergncybiae
eeresa zantirett
Army general hospital
Small frarms; sholde
amrunitit
IHandsranategllgri
depotmniacms
:Handgrenade(HdGr)
laget(HML)Aryamntodet
llandgriff; Handhabe
Handle; grip
lleeresWa1fcnamt(llW.4)
AryOdacOfie
Handbabun
Handling; manipulation
adhbungasichere
(e
ne
apatec
Ezpoie saet adeHeereszeugamt
Army undee
tarpantsdetc
ordnance supply
(Seeie
depot; quartermaster
Handleuchseichen
and signal flare(ground)poe
*Handrauc'hzeichen
Had mkesgalxrun)raft
Heating p
*
aditghand-operated
manualcaoicpwe
HandwaffeHand weapon; ha~nd arm
HipacHot
plate
*Hnwrfe
alsoMortar;
mortar
Granatwerier)
een
Heating; firing
(lit Hindtrench
projector)
Helm
Helmet
Handweirk - eug'
Hand tools
Hemd
Shirt; shell Iof a
H1ang
tI
Slope; bentblsfunc
Hangemine
Hagn
ine
lHemmiumgJamn;soag
pace
furn
flatnotofblastnX
Harn tnff
Ue ane
ua
N ick na e for 1000 k g
Hattnes;'tmperof
meal)GP-HE
bomb, called in
H a ta
b rdl
ni s ;te pe of a m t lG
r " 10 0 0 kg SC '~H
er
Hard c ar
e ( suc h as of tu ng
st e n ca bd e) l ierstel le r
l a ua t r r a rc n
Abe
Rsin; osinHersterla
aub(Hb)
.Ballistic
Production; manufactur~e
cap(BC~oa Some lusger
ete
Baiter. Tani destroyer
clbr shells; false cap;'O
kdwre(e
ne
l ub nIIue~a&eH~)windshield
r naejj
)s
Parzer
hell witha DC (ballistic ca )Hilfslafette
HaubengranateniazdeiHlgZ
Ipan vier) m un
Ha
ri
e bmll gcrZ) -* PD &faz or use under BCifaae
B
Hilffwaffe
Auxiliary table (Ball)
Hatibi le(sH rap (See
id
hr 'I
Shrapnel with false 'Cap
Hinterlader
Breechla r ery
llaze bi
H) (S e ls Ngrse t) *:How itzer (light sod medium )
Birefea
c; ho dtne
s a so
Haubitze
(nung'S
eealso 'Seilfeeergeschitiz)
l- a u g bh
lahm(T)
ol
Turret howit'&.,r
w
c
a
g
( o
*
Ladusg#~; HL)saedcag
Haubi essrsa
pus r(H~
R 1Wl
)
Howitzar shell
o hBriar
Haawu~i w
" gff;
reu( H~ p)p
Oag High tE Plo aive(H E )
rop ell ant in dug fo f el
B is n Sp
ea o
( l it H i ghl y hti s aat
Ha.Naiu da(z
Howitzer shell fuseexlsie
H-Pletrehe
ainW~w~sio; unsa&at
110hclieshrfladlich
sprestv
J.ie,,fnlih.
Afcla.
Sgirohirv
Percu~~,i(n fuzep
C %ruk ;k 1MAi~ui
II hsg.,drck
axmumgaitIn.fluenzdetonartion
pressure
*r.axmurn, rangc
4
eri
Hump
Teeth (A/jT obstacle)
h10ll0w; concav~e
cavern; hole; cAvity
110lko
I-lol
. wvhead projectile
1111Dragon
!hICave;
* 'clges hoss
* Io'iladn~tlll
geshos
II.)
ollow chtg~.iC;Innenzitrider
No~~~
e WII
urn
h
.
Charge
*~~~~
Noe
~ ~rn
W teGrmans
u~sed111ed
at least
four types of hollow
:eharges: Ill, Ill A, III 13and Ill C
*14llnhlldung 4iOSp
flohla~dung 12 1Og
llhladng)Ig12.5
hliohlladung 13.5 k9
IilaIn,50 kg
llohlringladuip'
Ilohliringladung 1.2, kfg
Ilohhiringladiuig 3.2 kg
holI'ndisc'h(hjy
Z
Illoizgeist; Ilolxitpritus
llolzk ast n
Iolz kohle
Iol w d m lton
&0gcharge
0og imiuvbu
demoitiowhci
liaige
uo en bo
Charoo
mal ; wa
I~ o l me h olho mea ; w od f out(
od n b x i e
Wood pitchJ
Woodsoonte
hlol chsi e.
l holz pech
llo lz rassn
llolzstino 1 hje
.gn1
1
Wllsof~ood.
Pulp; cellulose(from wood)
o d p lTi
tar
o -t r- p t c
llolxstoef m s
ihlterWood
lnfanterieratnateflyrr
bciiAft(IG)
Invarol
Irdenware
Irume:c;
Isolator
g p ne( g p )
Pan xerj~gercl'zJ~it)
Jagdpulver
Jagdtiger
e J ge
Jgget(J)
zyaalfreKahn
Intanterie(b;J)
Islanteuieseschms (Geach)
-
Infantry
natypec(
r10)
InatypeeG rHw;Kalk
close, support gun
aoJgbmelgtrbi~e
Jag d
d a t c
Jigr
KiQa
KajUte; Koje'
Kaliber(Kal)
gaias
KalisWmK), Kali
blun t; ch ase
Tank de i'troyer Jagdpanzer V
See u n d er P a nz e r in
descriptive part)
Tank destroyer or hunter
(Sve Under Panzer)
Hunting (sporting) propellant
Tank destroyer (S--e under
Panzer in descriptive part)
Hunter; chasseur; ranger;
r ifle m an in Ji ge r div isio n ;
private in Gebirgsjia'gerationfghearpn;
ailo;fgtrapne
usi ln
'Light infantry battalion;
ranger battalion; (See also
birgsj User- fatajl Ion)
Light infantry division
Light infantry piece
(G or Ihow)
Light infantry gun proje--tile
Idn
odinieaid
EthyliodoacetatecCWS)
Tincture of iodine
Iodine number
dut olmt
(bore-sight alignment)
Compartment- cockpit
(See also Kajuite)
Boat
Cabin (ship)
Caliber; gauge
Caustic potash(KOH)
Potassium(K)
Lime
(,er 281I
KalMsiicht
Kmfstoff
Kavaleriegeschittz
Cavalry sun
Kegel
Cone
KennbuchstalheIdnfiaconr
Kennzeichen
Mak; sign;indkarzo
KennzeichnungCoedeinin
Kern
Core; nucleus
Kerngeschoss
Ble
ihcr
gamCeneralge
scton)m; a
Kernladung
Base
sect
ion(SL.Ammno)
Crst;ride~cmb;camKerzenst~arke
Candle power
Chamber; room
Kettenkugel
Canso
Central tube;'(lash tube(Shr)
Kiesel
Flain; silc;ot
s gae
'Flash tube charge(Shr)
FlfiTnt; tiianbark
,grve
B~urster tube
Kil~pr~under(KiZ)j
Tilt
type
igniter
l~~~att'-.,
combat; fight (See also
Kissen
Csin a;plo
Gefecht and Krieg)
Kiste
Cuseio;chspcate;
bilow
War gas; poiron gas(CWS)
KitCaemn;
chetrty
;bo
K~. c4( p P
i )s
i fed b o r c ui g r.dnal
rC
ol
3,K
pistol (Sep alno lI eswhprhi 5tn,lt
Kmpfstoffbombe
Chemical bomb
Kampfwagen(Kpiw; Ka
ombat vehicle; tank; armored veIhicle
Kamil4wagenfalle(KwF)
Tank trap
'Kanpfiwaf6nkanone(KwK;Kpfw)T'i,~l gun
Kanone(K)
Cannon;, gun; piece of ordnance
Kanionlenboot
Gunboat
Kanotien granare(
)C
KaonnrheGun'
Kanonienachl"g mit
Raucheracheinrung
I
Kannnenschuss
kanoneniz~inder
n o hl
barrel
Smoke-puff charge
(sim.ula'ted fire)
Gun 'Shot
Fuze fo,r Iacan .non shell
Kapitoniert
Kaitneunnt
rivate(Arty); cannoneer
Lieutenant-Commander(Nav)
am
KlappeFlptr;li;dm
Kleif(kleiner Flammenwerfer)
kleine Ladung
Kleinkaliberlauf
Kleinlcatibe~munition
Kleinluftschiff
Kleister
Klemme
kbpfis
*--Knall
Knalld~impfer
Kapptnu Seep
Captain(Na,
Knallgas
Kap(K)AP
cap (See also Ilaube)
Knallslyserin
Kappengeschoss
Capped projectile
LInitroglycerin(NG)
Kapsel
.- Capsule; priming cap; blasting
cap;
Knailquet-ksilber
detonator
Knallslure
Karabiner(Kb; Kar)
'Carbin'!
Knallailber
Kal ert
eay P ortars (See Thor and
Knallwelle
Karl Mortars)
Knallzuclec':
Kar6, tt.r h,
Caniatet(SL Ammo); case shoct
Knallzuindschnur; lDetoiInier.
Kartitschengranare;
.4chrapnel(Slir)
ende ZUindschnur
Spc nh en
r a
t
Kn t m sc i n
-rri.peiinrba
Knick
lastuschdleckel(Kartd)
Covet for Kartusche,
KnickzundetKnZ)
KarasheKat)Cartouche; container of propellent
'Knopf
charge not used in F1_ ammo
Kochsals
Kartusche,einfach
Bag containes of
I?~ent charge
Kohle
ICoal;
*plaiced
in Kartuachv-a,'plse
1
Koje
Kaiusichenhii'lic(Kartt)
Ceortridge case for &<arcuschenfqv V Kohlengrube
kartuschenimunition(Karthiu) Amuit
using Kartuschen
Ko;Ilens~ure
*
Compare with Pitrone`munition)
KosCake(coal)
Kartuschenvorlage
'jMzlsle-flash reducing wad
Kol~ben
Kasematte
'Case~niate
.
1-1 :piston
Kasenrattenkanone(KK).
Casemate cannon
Kolbenpistole
,XaseMattermlafettk(KL)
Casemate gun moun~t
Kollgodiumwolle
Kasarne
Permanent barracksa
Konigutiger
Kasino
Officer's meis or club
K~ask(such as Mk 50 Kiak)
Target indicating flare
konisches Rohr;
* (TM-9-1985-2, pp 71-4)
Wl~rgebohrungsqezboearl
KatnChest;
box; cas
Kontaktseemine
Kasgelafete
BX! tiail gun carsi.ge
KIf(pf
'Katapult; Sihlcuder
catapult
:;.Kopfring
Kauraschult
Canutchouic; rubber, before
Kopfuelle(an der Spit . e
*
Vulcanization
des fliegenden Geaschosv)
Clamp; c la s p; p u t
sw;ivel~lf); clip; p~.zenthesis
r
Portable flame thrower
Reduced charge
Small bore barrel(Rf).
abaic ueG
Su hcaliber ammunition
Blimp
deiepst;ti
at
Clheip; lap; te; tin as(Ee)
bind;ncapostemnlEc)
ntikngok
Bang; crack; detonation; report
-Silencer(Ri or Pist); muffler
Oxyhydiogen gas
Fulminating glycerin;
Mercuric fulminate(M F
Fulminic acid
Sle uriaeAF
Shock wave
Nitrorelucose; nitrosaccharose
l'rimacord; detonating fuse
K n ead ing m ac hin e; i rialax ato r .
Break (in curves); sharn bend
Snarp type ignite
Button
Kitchen salt; common %air
%:atbon
See Kajr~att
Coal Mine
Carbonic acid; carbon dioxide
lla;bt
it
G r)
Machine pistol
Colodior, cotton; soluble NC
Kn
ie(akce
ne
Panzer)
Tapered-bore bamrrvPG):
Contact sea mine
ead; nose(13); point(Sh)
Fotrn(rj
Shock wave(at heti o
Projectile)
l1 op I .;sns.Ir(
K /.K
fir)a.ct*u
o r
:Io
1 N '
s.- .(
uc(Po ;K~ISIBdao
Cordite
Kornen
Kompuchten
*
oGral
c
KoBodyk3pt~l
?~orvettc
k
Ki %dhCrc,
K5 id
Gratn; ule
r,
ih('~
~~Sete
rs
Kraftrad
(init Kraiftz.ug)
Kr!rz
iKrieg
Kriegsausrdstung
Kraegsgerki
* Kriegsm~arine
Krigsio
ae5~un
Kriegschiff
* Kriegswerft
Kriminalpolizei(Krilso)
Krummeru
*Kr.upp-Maun
K*Ubel
kubisches Pulver
Kugel
kugelfest; kulgel'sicher
Kugelform 3 kg
Kugel K
Kugell~ager
Kugeipaerone
Kugel spriit e
K-sgeltre~ibmmn(i
ri
kuprsfparltai
ca. etprc)s~latn
tah
Kupfcjrschierer
mm ncrNuv
Ful
Power transmission
car; itutoimobile
lowc r station
tractiOn (Os a n~rme
Kreuzer
*Kreuzf cuer
Kruple(KrP)
I opper wire
Crack,
li u c rash
Kraftibrstoff
ti
Kraftwigert~n g
Kra tv~~eMNoto'r
Kraftwerk; Kraftzentrsslle
Kteiselpumpe
kreisclrad
Krrisetvisr
Kreislauf; Kreisprozess
krepieren
krepitieren
Krepp
Kreuz.
Kuilferdrp~el
fIIun s in
nrersth
( PSmetallie
fJoudrig~s
( r i ~ . ' t e g h s; p w r
M t r 'e i l
source
Motorcycle
KislCircle;
Wl
date rI c e ( G
COUI i Scke(G
(~ nulate powdrp
D;rilltiitr~
we
K r tp
lf iuri
t .
Kra ft fa hre ug K z
Kr~s~qullvPower
*Kraftrasd
KrfzgPowce
K u himantel
Kul is se
area
(Gyroscope
Centrifugal pump
1urline
Hn
Cycle
to bur st; die; explode.
to crepitate; crackle
Crepe
Cross; crosspiece
(of universal joint)
Cruiser
Cross fire
Tubular propellaue: with a
Crspiece inside of tube
'In' ersectison
:War (See al so Gefec ht and Kampf)
War equipment; arnisment
War materiel
Navy(lit War Marine)
ar D~cparrmcnt
Warship
Navy yard
Criminal investigation police
Bent barre l(See description)
Krupp Mouse heavy tank
(See under Panzer)
Jeep; bucket
Cubic powder or propellant
B~ullet; sphere; shot; ball
bulleiproof
Ball charge, 3 kg
See Kurt Apprirat
flall bearing
BalcrrdeLadungsverhiltnis
See Maschinengewehr
Spherical floating mine; sanan chored automatic contact mine
raugwre(dW
Kuplerzylindt..~des
Stauchapparate.)t,
K uppe ll a f fe te
K p l n
KurbelCak
Kurt Apparat or
rotating
band(steel coveredl with
copper)
Corsper-bearing schist or shale
Copper cyiinder(for crusher
pprts
Cu pol a g un mo un t
Co u pling ; c on n e ctio n; c lutc h
Sphtcalhdotaial
B 400 Kugel K
K urve
K urzschussShr(uy;sotht
Kurzwelle
KUistenartillerie(KatA)
K'Us atenbatterie(KstBrrr)
Kiln, .gesch'utz(Kstr.)
K~stenhaubitze(Kstl;
K'istentafette(Ksti.)
Kii'stenm~rser(KstMr%)
Kilstenridne(IKstMi)
KstenwacheCosgur
Ksightgar
L
Labovint
Laborantin
laborieren
Laboratory technician(male)
Laboratory technician(female)
t ao;t
oki
aos
tolbry; to
place
lbos
L~ack
Lackmus; Lacmus
ILadedichte; La ssihe
Lacquer; varnish
Ltu
Loaingdnst;ussiyo
laden
Ladeklappe
LaeofA
LaeemSee
LdtokRammer;
Ladestreifen
LdtomlCrrdedu
Ladevorrichtung
L~adung(Ldg;Ld)
LadungabUclise; Ladungs.
gef's.; Ladongskaste
Ladungsgewicht
Ladiungaraum; Laderaum;
Pulverraumi
Charge
to load; charge
B~reechblock
devs'
e
~ sm
electric bomb fuzes(lit
Cheirging head)
Ladungsraum
ram-rod
Ammunition clip; cartridge
cI ip(for loading magazine rifle)
Loading or feeding device;
breech mechanism
Loetd; charge; increment;
filling
Blasting charge container;
blasting charge box
Weight of filling
Chamber;, propellent chamber
(See also Verbrennungaraum)
Loading ratio (Ratiobew n
weight of charge and total
we'gh o'po
te)
LdngwrrLgWSpotmta
pgtmra
*~~.
I
l-'~tti%~hGun
carr~age bed
Si tuat ion; ilosit ion; layer
L eiter
ILelfaliigke~t; Lcitungs-
~andol~il
.eaundt3kit liat(astei
l
Dutstuitget
llhretjj
Stabilit~t)
Sc-oring test
lacquered; varnished
Lakmus; l.ackrnus
litmus
I 11ndelicht
Ground flare for aircraft landing
*Land!-panzer
Armnotei amtkihious eroop carrier
(See also under Panzer)
*
L~andme ile
Statute nii'c(l.6O9 kin)
L-andcuine
Land mine
Landaterin
Territ'irial trained reserves
Note: Ac'cording t4; 11. A. Tisch of Picatinny Arsenal, the
Imprerial Germa~n Army had approximately the I lowing
classification: Active (ages 10-22), Res~~rve (22-28), Ersatz
Reserve (213-32), Laridwelir I (32-35). 1.andwehr 11 (35-30),
*Lan~lstrrnr
1 (38-42) and Landsturm 11(over 42). All classes
were trained. I! the mnen had not served 2 years in the
active army, they had to go through 6 nionths of basic
:I:-,Leuchtgeschoss-Z'indcr(LgZ)
trai'i~ng.
ne
On. ftetnk(e
* Ladserke 60(L60
1,agzrungsprobre
1lakiett
Pan
~r)
L.eitungEecrccl;cndt
Lenkballon; L-nklclftschiff
Leopard
L~eopold
Letten
Leuchtbombe
Leuchte
Leuchtfallschirm,
Leuchtfallaeliirmrgrarnate
Leuichtfalischirmrslcete
Leuchtgeschoss:
Leuchtgraiiate
Leuchtgranatwerfer
euchclc .gel
L1andungsrauclizeiclien
Lsfsel
*Laufeinnrs
LauweteCaliber(SA);
Laufzeit
'iLye;
Lauge
[.AutapTecher
Lozarett; Krasikenhaus;
*
Spital
Hlospital train
**
Lazarettzug
*
Lebernadauer(des GenchLte)Lf (fagn
Vivacity
Lelbhaftiglreit
Vacuum; emptiness; gage
1*.
Leere
emlpty
Leergewicht *Weight
*
light
leicht(l; Ie; L)
Light weapon(such as
lZG
Le ichtge5ch"t~l
leiclites Ge chtz
*
recoillessz gun)
Light metal(Alumninum)
* Lezchtrnctall(L-tm; LM4)
Glue
*
Leiin
Liniseed oil
L-einill
Leuchtmittel
Leuclittunitiun (.LMun)
Leuchtpatrone-(LPatr)
Leuchtpistole(Li'ist)
Leuchtrakete
L.euchtrohre
Leuchtsatz
Leuchtspur(tia'pur);
Lichtspur
Leuchtspurgeschoss
(L'spurG)
Leuchtspurgranate
(L'spurGr)
Leuchtspurhtilse
(L'spurti)
Leuchtspurmunition
(L'spurMun)
Leuchtepursutz
Leuchtratern
Leucht- u SignalMunition(LuSklun)
Leuclmtvinier
Lecuclitzeichen
Leuclitzifferblatt
Leurnznt
Licht
Lichtmris sung(LMsisi)
Lichtrzpur(l.Sp)
Lichtspurhaluc(L-SpiI)
Lichrt-tirkc
Cap)acity;
Work
-on
leto;
cader; guide
Conductivity
tier 28t4
*
*
lidern
Liderungl
L~ieferung
lunt,
Luntengewcht
Delivciy number
M
Ballistic line; trajectory
353 min Howitzer(See under
MI(Kanone)
(S,,ee also flugbnhn)
linl,.
to the left; levo
Weapons)
links~drehend
levorotatory; counterclockwise
Macht
Might; power; force
Magazine rifle
~
Magazingewehr
Lens
*Linse
Maneuver
Man'over(Man)
Lip; edge; rim
Lippe
Maneuver(blank)caritricge
Manloverkartusche(Manl~art)
Livens projector(CWS)
Livens-liandwerfer
Maneuv er(blap k'propell ant
Mano'verpulver(ManP)
Hole; 6pening
Loch
Mantle; envelope; overcoat;
Mantel
Hollow pitbullet
ni
ogeschoci
jacket(bullet, projectile, etc);
(See also Ilohlladung)
sheath
En;ine yard(RR)
Lokom~otivbhnhof
jacketed pro jectile(such as
Mantelgeschoss; VerbundRoundhouse(RR)
'Lokomotivschuppen
nickel-eased or steel coated);
geschoss
Decontaminating agent (Ca
Los&antin
compound bullet
hypochlorite preparation in powder
Jacketed gun
Mantelkanione
or in tablet form) (CWS)
Sheathed cartridge(coal
Man:telpatrone
Ca hypochlorite slurry(CWS)
Losantinbrei
mining)
to extinguish; quench;
loschen
Built-up barrel(G); jacketed
Manteiringrohr;
s'ake(lime); discharge;
barrel(MG)
Mantelrohr
unload(a ship)
(See also geachrumpftes Rohr
extinguisher
* l~shge~tFire
and Ringrohr)
Solvent
* IAsemittel; Loisungsmittel
Sheathed explosive
Mantel sprengstoff
solventless
*l~isemittelfrei
Marten. Nickname for some
Marder(38 and 11)
Solubility
*
Lslichkeit'
SP AlT guns (Seei under
F'olution
Losung
Panzer in descriptive part)
Password
Losungswort(Lsg)
Water bath (laboratory):
Marienbad
Suding lead; plummet; solder
Lo
watering place
Solder
Lotmetall; Lotzinn
Navy(See also Kriegsmarine)
Marine
P ilot(Nav)
Lotse
Naval AA gun
Marineflak
Magnifyting glass
Lo~up'e
*
Prisoner-of-war camp for
Marinelager(Marlag)
Lynx; reconnaissance tank
Luchs
sailors
(See under Panzer)
Admiralty of the German Navy
Ivarineministeriurn
Air gun; air rifle
* Luftbiichsc; Luftgewehr
Bureau of Naval Ordnance
Marinewaffenamt(MWA)
airtight; hermetically sealed
luftdicht verachlossen
(Branch of Oberkowtmando
Marinewaffenamt
Air density
'Luftdichte; Luftgewicht
der lcriessmairine)
Air pressure(Mech); atmospheric
LufidA~uck
See Reichsaaark(RM)
Mark
pressure(Met); blast effect;
Mark; index mark; label;
MArke
offect of explosion
brand
Air brake
Luftdruckbremse
See Marinelapter
Marlag
Barometer
l.uftdruckmhesser
Marble
Mannor
Blast effect
Luftdruckwirkung;, Luftstoss
AA automatic weapon
ArntiqavtonMaschinenflak
Luftfahrt
Machine gun(MG)
MaachinengewehrMG;
iAircraft
Luftfahrzeug; Flugzeug
MGew); Kugelapritze
Compressed air cylinder;
Luftflasche
Automatic cannon
Maschinetilatione(MK)
cxygen flask
Automatic rifle or carbine
Maschinenkatabiner(Ml~b)
Iair-cooled
IIuf.tgekUhIt
Machine pistol; submachine
Maachineopistole(MP)
it
tni(CWS)
chemnical
Volatile
Luftkampfstoft
Light armored vehicle useditgu
l~ftladepanizer
*
Submachine gun(called later
Masehlnenpi stole 44(MP 44)
Airbornie(Se.- also under Panzer)
Sturmgewehir 44)
Aerial mine
Ltuftmhine(LM)
Mechanic
Maschinenachlosser-2
Air pistol
tuftpistoli
Mechaniker
Air raid defense
'iftachutz(LS)
Typist
Masehlneriachreiber
Air raid shelter
tIftschutxraum(LSR)
*Lieferung--nummer
Linie, balli~stische
resulting from an
Ltto-Vacuumi
Lulftatos
Luftdruckwirkung)
*
Luftstosawelle
Lufttorpedo(LT)
Luftwaffe
* Lugel(Parabell~tn)PistolC
Litrgenreizotoff *Lung
alo explosion
as:e,(e of air caused by an
Cocsin
explosion; blast effect
Blast wavemsspoutn
Auril toped
AeiltreoMatrMuroseaytakdveoe
German Air Forces
See tinder Weapons
irrltant(CWS)
Mascaineawaffe
Maskensicheruag
maussanalytlsch
MassenhestetlluflS
Automatic weapon
Meaning unknown to us
volumetric
Fabrication In serides;
MatomeSailor;
Mu
apprentice seaman
eeoe
os;haytn
by Porsche (See under
Panzer)
Ge r 281,
Ma~icmb)Nickname for 2500 kg GP4I1F
bomb, called in Get "ISc 2500
Max" (TM9- 1985-2, p 13)
MsxmagadrckMaximum gas pressure
meChanischer U~nd er'
Mechanical fuze
Meertise
MeerlcusteSeacoast
MehIMeal'
flour; dust; powder
Mehipulvert
Finely ground black powder;
Iehrfachzi~der
Mebriader; Mehrladegewehr
Meissel
Meis'selapparat;'GasdruckMesser
?edbcheMessage
Meldebijchse, Land
*Meldeblzchse,
See
M-Patrone
Medeaton;Ground
also Nachricht)
*Meldung(See
Messei
tnesien
Messing
Messpatrone
MG-Zwilling
Mila
Mi lchglas
mInkitirische Besetzung
ag)
Mine
M inenbombe
Minenfe'ld: Minenspeire
Manengang
'See
MInengeschoas(M)
LMilit~irlager(Mil
*
Minenhund
meal powder
Combination fuze
Magazine-fed rifle; repeating
rifle
Chisel
Crusher gage; pressure gage
(See also MesseV.mnai
cootainer(carrier)
Land message container
(with Yellow smoke. ge.nersto,)
Sea message containe
(with yellow smoke generator)
signal cartridge
Message; report; disaptch
Pressure gage(Arty) (lit
MSipa
~ rs ml a m
ishealMited
*MischAiwe
Miachusig
mit Verz.;gerung(mV)
Mitte; Mittel
Mitteilung
Mtekmeshanl
klttekamersirapell
mittdere FlugbahnMentacor
mittlerer Fehier
mittlerer Gasdruck
Mockstabi
Mollit
Montage
Mna-Motmntain;
Montanwacha
Miursez(Mrs)
Mortel
MOTO
Mobevaorn
MtrEgn
Measuring egg)
Motorrad
nomeasur; srveyMotrschellootMotor
Brass
'Bore gage
Motortorpedohoot
Twiko machine gun
See Milirlage
Frosted glass
'M
atne pr
Militr occuptio
Muffe
Army camp I~
Mie la frpeclle
Aieeral foin
e ni
Mill
Muridloih
Mine-field
MudohAdapter
Minenstollen
Mundlocb(des Zriiders)Fuehl
Mortar shell; high capacity,
Mundlochb~chse
HE
misilecontainer,~
Remote-conttolled explosive-
i ni t r of As ame tIs d Wa
n amed after its
chief, Spoor
mea;alloyl
-alloy of ceru adaO Iasathasu
with some other rare earth metals
Mixed acld~such an mixed
altric-sulfuric acid)
Miztuq mixiag; bleed
Mundlocbfutter
Mnlcs~rueAatrpu
Mundstlack
Mandung
Amatol 4'i/6o
w.ith delay
Mdl;ma
Communication; information
Central-burster shrapnel
Aeaema~ro
Mvrge(ean
prss
re'
German steel made by
drc eiigo
atio
Ceatrallite (See in
descriptive part)
Mounting assembly
mining: montan;
Montan wax
Short, large caliber
howitzer; (translated as
as Mortar)lo
Mra bidn
aeil
See under German
Enginyce
speedboat;
PT boat
Motor torpedo Lost;
PT hoat
ne-tkSe
ablgeviations
See %edparn
Socket; coupling box;
Musi
mf
Mouth; openins; muzzle
opening
Gamne-type fuze-booster
bushing to
hold detonator in fuze
m~ndusleverfrei
Mouth piece
Muzzle(G); outlet;
mouth(riyet)
Muzzle brake
Kisetic energy at the
muzzle
Muzzle flash
Flash damper, flash hider
(See also Feuwerdaqfer)
lslalrplat
Mundungsgeschwinajgjiejt
MIWDunS~appe
M od uag o na zll
Mmimtioa(Mu Mam)
Musitionskastes,
Mmisitionskrsatwages(M~w)
munitionslee
M'Undungsbremise
MN1duagaseergie;
M dnssc
Muad~usgafeger
Mimidoasloch
Mabitionstraser(Mme; Mamnr)
Mualtionevelpackusig
Munik~nw~icn
M-u R-Paiitr
Muster
Muttre
?iuterorGun
* uterchi;sel
Mute
mmuitio waun;amaunii~n
Nebelwerfer(NbW(See also
car; caisson; ammunition carrier
Raketenwerfer and WuriSee under Get Abbreviations
gerrt)
Model; type; patttern; sample
Nebelwerfer 41
Mother; matrix; nut; female(Sedcrpiesco)
screw
Nebelw urfgvranate(NbWgr)
tube designed to recoviv,Nebelzerostuber
a liner
Nehentrodruler
Socket wrench
NOel'ascl'lubb
Cp; atNest
N
Nab
Nachbildung
*aNnchbrenner',aglr
Nachfolger(Nachf)
*NcfshugResearch;
Nichleuchten
*N-tchricht(See also Melduag)
*message
nachuichten
NahihenitlMange
N
SNachziindung
Nadel
*
No gel
:Nahkampfgesc~h. 4tz
Nahkampfmittel
Nahpatrone
Nabwerfrr
* Nuiipfchen
Nas'e
Nzietrnttng;
Neuseelen
Niale
fitromvncto
ChocrrosiolMe
ns
of itercomunictin
NachostnCoroson; fte-rusing(lit
RtreigtonNiederdeuck
Needle; firing pin(Fz)
Nail
Close-range gun
Close combat material(weapon)
Low velocity cartridge used
for close combat; close-range
round, silencer cartridge (SA)
Mortar smoke-shell
Smoke sprayer
By.-product
SUr..
Nest; pocket(in ore);
position consisting of a
of foxholes with
oncigtece
shlo
nettone
Nettogewicht
SuccessorNesetnttn;gu;gid
investigation
Afterglow; phosphorescence
News; information; notice;
nichtbribanter Sprengstoff
nichtrostender Stahl
nerlndshSee
Niederaclag
Niet; Nieg
NiteRavte
Nietraple
Nirrbmoleitangctn
Ntireic
Ntirn;NtainNtain
Net weight
sy
ue;temd
Relining; retubing(G)
emnsle;fu-e
silver
reiptae;seimn
sein en
Preivetat;
power
irtn
itr
irtn
irtn
Nitrocellulose(NC)
Nitroglycerin(NG)
Nitroglycol(NGc)
Nitroltuanidine(NGu)
irritant(CWS)
tetranitrate(PETN)
Rhinoceros; SP A/T Gun (See "0
Nitropentapulver
Propellant Containing PETN
dter Panzer in descriptive pan)
Nitrostirke
Nitrostaich
.nasa
'wet; moist
Nitroverbindung
Nitro compound
Nassbrandpulvr e;r
Black powder contg 72-75% of
Norm
Standard
X nitrate (See &Ilso Schwarznormoiren
to standardize; trage;
Pulver)
rtc ulate
'NIasge:halt; Nasogehalt
Miurcoen
norwegisch(n)
Norwegian
Natrium
Sodium
NotbremseEmrecbak
Eomu
erenc
Sperfe er
Sodium nitrate; Chile saltpeter
"Natriumnittat; Natroisalpeter
'Nebel(Nb)
Smoke(CWS); fog; mist
Notlandung
Emergency landing
Nebelbombe(NbB)
Smoke bomb
Notaigunl
Distress signal; SOS
Nebeldecke; Nebelwand
Smoke screen; smoke blanket
Notaignulfakel
Distress signal flare(torch)
~~Nebelgerlke
SkepouigeimntNudelpulver (NdP; NP)
Chopped cord propellant;
Nebelgeschoas(NbG)
Smoke projectile
propellant
Nne(N)nodular(noodIt)
Smoke *hell
Nebelgranste(NbGr)
Numme(Nr)Number
Nebelhandgranate(Nbligr
Smoke hand granadeNasuttmbe
Nebelkasten
Smoke generator
M'IA, Nute
Groove; snlot
Nebelkerze(NbK)
Smoke candle; thermal smoke
Nutnche
Nutach; suction filter
generator
Nebelkerzen Wurf Propelling charge for tber'mal
NuzretUflewk
Efficiency; useful effect
Nutzwlrkung
IsduSf~ber~llS)smoe rendeNutzeffekt;
lad~g Nb~rz~ sokegreadeNutzfahzzeug
Id)
Commercial vehicle
Nebelpatrone(NbPatt)
Smoke Cartridge
uzrfwgnCmecamorvhil
Nebeistoff
Smoke agent; screening
Nurrfttiesteirca
mtrveil
load; pay load
uaatUseful
*
agent(CVS)
Newetopf
Smoke pot(C"S)Ntzesngethrpor
Drum-type spoke container
Nebeltrommel
Nashomn
ub; avegroup
rummy; mock up; model; copy
cGcr 2R'7
0land
Ober-
Oherhefthlshuber; Oberster
Befehlshaber
Oberdecke
Oberfeldkommandatur
Oberfeldwebel (See als6
*Oberwachtmeister)
Oberfeuerwerker'
Obetfitiche
Obergefreiter
Obetgrenad~ier
Oberjager
*Oberkanonier
Oberkommando des
lleeres(nKH)
Oberkommando der
Kriegsmarine(OKM)
Oberkommando der
**Luftwaffe(OKL)
Oberkommando der
Wehrmachi(OKW)
*Oberleutnant
Oberparizergrenadier
Otter
Paravane
Pack; Paket
Packhaua; Packhof
Packstoff
Pak
Pak-Flak
Pakgesch'utz
Pakgeschiitz auf
Selbstfahrlafette
Panther
*
Oberquartiersneister
Obest(
0'berreiter
Oberster Befehlshaber der'
Wehrmacht
Ub rstieutnant
be rwachtmeister (See
als Oberfeldwebel)
soe
el
Pantiger
PazrP)Armor;
Commander-in-Chief of the
Armed Forces
Lieutenant colonel
Master sergeant (Arty and
CavyI
Sec1
See(See
Stovepipe (slang term for
88 mm. Rocket Launcher
described under Weapons)
Panzerabwehrrakete
Panzerartillerie
Panzerbefehlswagen
(PzBefWg)
*ffxirOfficer
Offizie
opening; orifice
ohne Veriogerungt(oV)
without delay (Fz)
* 01; Oel
oil
O~lbomnbe
oil bomb
blduc~rmseHyralicbrkePan..erb'uchse,
Oppanol
.Polyisobutylene( synthetic
substance resistant to
* -uit uukt
Order
Otgelgeschatz
,:
orttfest
ontsfeste Flak
ortfese
afeteStationary
Ortung aleuchtzelIchen
Panzerabteilung
Panzerabwehr
Panzerabwenrgewehr,
later calle Pctisda
Pn'rberec~zATgs
Pan 2xerabwehrgie
Panzerabwehrkanone (Pak),
aPanzerbeobachtungswagen
Panzerblech; Panzerplatte
Panzerbombe
panzerbrechend;
pnedrhclgn
A/T~ mine
A/T gun
A/T rocket
Armored artillery
Tank with a minimum of
armor and arms; equipped
with radio for command use
also under Panzer)
Armored car used for
artillery spotting(See also
under Panzer)
Armor plate
A/T bomb; AP bomb;
heavy-ease bomb
armor-piercing
formerly
called Panzerabwebrgewehr
Panzerdurch achiagleistung
Penetration; armor-
Panzerfahrzeug
Aiming point(Guny)
Order; medal; decorationPserae
Organ gun; multiple
piercing capacity
Armored vehicle; tank
Panzerfahrzeusfalle;
Tank trap
barrel gun
Locality; place (See also
Standort)
fixed; permanent; In fixed
emplacement
Fixed AAG; fixed AA Arty
gun miount
Ground position slgaal; signal
bomb illuminating ground
Pan zerfah.-aeuggraben
Panzerfaust(PzF)
A/T ditch
Ortt,
Eastvisnd;
SP) AA SunI
Pnner in
dSec(Sccunde
dripiv'art)
F,
Housing cap
High Field Command
Master sergeant (except
in Arty & Cavy)
Master sergeant (Ord)
Surface; area
Corporal
Private Ist Class(lnfy)gu
Private 1st Class(Mountain Infy)
Private 1st Class (Arty)
Army High Command
0berpioniert
ferrohr
13Ostwind
Psanerfaust 30
Psanerfaust 30(kleln)
Panzergeschoss (PzG)
panzergesch~litxt
PsanerglasMutpelmnedgas
A/T rifle
l-'knzrgrbenA/T
Panerraar(pGr; l~zor)
P nz qra. ate 39 (I'zgr 39),
Panzergranate~-Patrone
Panzergrenadier
*infantry
Pan zergrenadier-flivi -inn
Par, 7ofhandmine 3kg(PJIM 3)
Panzerjge
:etoe(e
Panzer jlgerabteilung"
lanzerj~gergeschiitz;
Pan zerj'agerk anon e
Panzerkampfwajten (PzKpfw)
(See also under Panzer
in the descriptive section)
*
Panzerkampfwage~nI
(PzKpfw 1)
Panzerkan'pfwagen 11i
1 pgIzpf
Panzerkampfwagen IIl
(PiKpfw Ill)
'P!m:zerkampfwagen IV
(PzKpfw'IV)
ditch
A/T(AP) Irojeri6.
APCBClCIE(armor-percinR
capped, ballistic cap,
high-explosive) projectile,
type 39
.AP projectile with a
tungsten carbide core,
40
AP projectile with a
tungsten carbide core
for tapered bore gun
(type 41)
AP fixed round of
ammunition
Private in armored
brigade
Motorized division
(See also SS-Panzer-
Panizerschiltze
(PzSfe)
lPanzerspbhwngen (PzSpW)
Panzersprenggeschoss
(PzsprG)
Panzereprenggranate(PzsprGr)
Panzerstahl
Panizerst'arke
Panzerturm
Pan:-rung
Panzerwaffe
Panzervtagen
Panzerwagenmine
Patizerwurfmine
n
ne azr
HEAT projectile; HE
A/T projectile
HEAT shell: HE A/T shell
Armor steel
Thickness of armor
Turret of a tank (lit
Armored turret)
Armor; armor plating
Armored weapon
Au~nored combat v-ehi.clc
A/T mine
A/T trench mortar shell
or bomb; A/T hand grenade
Armored train (RR); tank
platoon
Paper pulp; papier-mikch6
Cardboard; paperboard
Cardboard cartridge for
mortar shell
Cardboard mine
Igniter for r-ardbnard mine
See under Weapons
Goose step
Guerillakiimpfer
Cartridge (SA); round of
QF fixed ammo (Arty)
Fixed AP ammo used in
A/T rifle 39(PzB 39);
(Patronenasuwerfer
Cartridge elector
Patronenbeutel
Pstronenfabrilc
Cartridge extractor
Pouch; cartridge belt
Cartridge factory;
plant
Cartridge loading machine
Cartridge belt
Jammunition
(Pz~fw
V)
Pnzkanne(
K
Tank gun
* Pnzekaone(Pz);Patronengurt;
Kamp'fwagenkanone (KwK)
Panzerkopf(Pzic)
AP cap; piercing cap;
armored head
Pzekop
Armored corps
Panzerkraftfahrzieug;
Armored vehicle;
Panzerkraftwagen
armored car
Panzerlafette
-Armored
mount;
armoed
arragePatronenlager;
'AP-TshotPatronenkammer
Pan zerleuichtspurgeschoss
APTso
(Pi'sprG)Patronenimunition
Panxzermine; Panzerwagenmine AlT mine(Cmaewtth
Panzermine 43(PzMi '43)
Magnetic A/T mine 43
Parizermunition
AP ammunition; tank
Panerptroe
dAP hotPatronenrand
Completeo
Panizerplatte
Panyaerschild
* azrshek
Pan7.vkmpfnge
~,Patronenasuzieher
(PzKpfw V)
Panzerkampfwagen V1
**
akgne
Armore'd ,.F gun mount
See Panzerblech
Armior-plate shield
tkmor Tetror'(88 mmn Rocket
Launcher) (Sep under
Weapons)
Pattonenfrillmaschine
Patronengurtel
Patronenhaken
Patronenhals
Patron enhUl s e(Patrll)CatigcPatronenkasten (PatrKast)
(PatrMu)
Ptoerhe
Patronenraumn
Patronenstreifen
Patronentrommel
Pstronenzufahrung
Shell extractor
Collar of the cartridge
o
fixed ammno
Cartridge box;
amnto
o
Cartridge chamber
Fixed ammunition
Karnnahe
lprtuacbndmAuniin)
lpR n
Agn
Rim of a cartridge case
Propelling charge
chamber in mortar shell
Cartridge clip
Cartridge drum
Cartridge feed mechanism
(SA)
(per 289
P a u s p a p er ra c ng ape
set hn
P: ttc he n pulv r r(P eP )
Pitch; asphalt; cobbler's wax
Plarenpu Yler
t'e jn agep r
D
irectio
n~
finding
; bearing
*e apPpnr a
drP
endu l um a pp ar a t us
Pendein des Ge,chos~.s
lt
(precesson)toln);
Pendeliungi
Of a projectile
Oscillating motion (See also
PlatzpaRrone(PIlt)lndn
*
Sctwi~rtsbeveclung
Platzpatronengletat
Pekuso
~drPercussion
igniter
Plombe
Perk us sionsziindhi~rchen
Percussion cap
Plongierachuss
Perkussionsz~ndung
Percussion Priming or
Plotz
*
Ps~c~Cast
rlrg
PesofDiplhosgene;
PeareClosed
ePetroletol'
:PtoemKerosene;
Pfeihe
PfieWhistle;
n
Pfefina
Pferclestiarke(PS);
frdrftP)0.986
ifrezug
Ne
orarsin
Potenz
Prahm
Pa~cus
ilshs
Pressling(pr)
petroleum
Pressluft
Picket; stake; Post; pile
Press-stoff(prS)
W histlingpipe
prrotechnic
g
s ig n alr~
rpa
d otr
e c hni c sF
sigal arride
sed~.Pr-Geschoss
Aro
Arrow-tyi~e, fin
discarding sabot artillery
Pfennigproetl
Peng1/100
pneumatisches Geschitz
Polizialt; Schutznienn
Polklemme
charge)
Whistaleinalm
Pfeilgeschoss
Pfipfikus P ny ic
Pfropfen
Phosgen
igniting(PG
steel in pearlite
condition
superpalite
(ClCO,CCl,)
Phosphorgeschoss imit
SP
h. ke;rn
- :
P hosanph
om u nttoeh
Pi-ampmitelEngineer
Pikra~ure
P i l eP
Pilz
PlePicric
PilnoznDetonator
Pilrmine
*
* Pirsebbuchue
Piorscbiherrruzppee*as
in
PiatolePapti)
Platt
PltePlate
'
*
apacre;i acitdrome
cartrirdroe
e
il
B eapnkfort fidge ban
town);
lank
Lcaridgesea
PLungin
s
ie;aolaft
EPlosgiongfr;mt
ie
Pneumatic sun
Policeman
Bteytria
binding Post (Elec)
Pwr(ah
Barge; lighter(Nav)
PResscedatie
Pesdatce
Compng ressedti
Cohperm sedrn pasi c;
(iForgedrse tool aeil
o ge t o
See Phosphorgeschoss
Prim~rladung; Aufladung
rsraice
Probeied
propellant
Test; trial; essay; sample
(c
loPuug
Test firing
uvrPrismatic
Probeschiessen
Reichsmark or
ProfilPrfl;cosetin
Deutschmark
Metric horsepower(1 PS
profiliert
HP)
Progressivdrall. zunebHorse draught; horse tea
mender (wachoender)rlig
Phenyldichlorasi~~ (CWS)
Drallriln
~Wad;
wadding; Plug; stopper
~~~~~Phosgene; carbon'ylchlorideprelatprrsieProgressivpulver
*,(CWS)
Plapobib;Phosphor
Phosphorb ombe; h s h r
Phosphorgeschoss(Pt~esch)
tredofie ars
tiecin
strenofamlined
Increasing twist of
rrsie
8
bung
propellant;
rgesv
Phosphorus
Phosphorus bomb
PropagsndageschorT 4!
Propagandawerfer
Leaflet projectile 41
I sun -her for leaflet
Protze (Pr)
projectiley
Prozentsatz
Pr~ifser~tTetnaprtu
Priifuii
Percentage
small pill-box3
Mushroom land mine
Pulver(P)
Pulverbrennez"ne
r of e t t si g
a s sa y; tria l; v e rificatio n;
examnination
Test firing Proof firing
Buffer; shock absorber
F orm atio n (A wn sla ng);
boat-type runner placed
o
Operations in deep onow
Poeln;pwe
Corps of rifle;
Engineers
Stalking
hunting
rilfe
Pistol
Pulverbrennz~ndung
ulv(rP de
Pulverfabrok
P w e-ri
giin( a
ue(e as Doplzlder)
opl
Prop ellan t bag
Explosive plant; powder
PulverfUllmoschine
works
Pistol propellant
(Tech); phonograph
rpartcordchrgn
rceofdcartridges
Puffer
P
ul
Powder-taint
igoitio
with powder
(;Cr 290O
Pkleb1%Vo
u1ca
oz pwder
mnagiazine
Propellerst ot powder chamber
Ammunition box (lit Poiwder box)
PropclI lc .t (powd ev) charg e
Powder cup
Solventlesa propellant; powder
without solvent
Powder compressed into
large cakes
See Pulverkammer
Powder ring (Fz)
Poder rei(Fz) poder
ompsiton
pelet;power
Powder train time fuze
QikmthRaketenantrieb
xoieRakentenapparat
Lo
Powder dust
uvraugRaketenbombe
Se
P~ropellent support
Point fire; converging fire
to punch; cut; carve
Little Doll; 88 mmnRocket
Launcher (See under Weapons)
Dumy (for bayonet, etc)(An
Cleaning rod
Cotton waste (for cleaning)
Pyrotechnics; pylrotechny
lPulverkammner; JPulverriaium
lPulverkaste'n
I ulverladung; Polvertreibladung
Pulvernaplchen
l'ulver oline 1-6sung (POL)
l'ulverpresskWoner
Yulverraum
lPulverring; Pulversataring
Pulvrsat
l'ulversatzzeitiinder
Plulveiachlauch
Pulversprengstoff
P~ulverstaub
Fuivercreibladung
lPulyerstdhze
Piinktfeuer; Punktschicssen
punzen
Piippchen
~~Puppe
Putzstock
*Putzwolle
Pyrotechnik (See Feuericunst)
Q
Quadrant sight
Square
Dese sokeRampenmine
Mercury; quicksilver
usac htsel
(such as NC)
Swelling; soaking
Swel ling power
oliqel;
tacsross;olqely;pton
transverse (Fr)Randpatronenls
Rcohet obiqulyRasanz
* stikig
prjecilersscher
Queschi~gr
Querschnitt
Quers chnittbelastung
Querstreuung; Breitenit~reuuing
qu etschen
Querchhhn
QerchlduigCamouflet
QuerI s chmine
Quetschmn~hle; Quetschwerk
[
aceRevenge;
Raceneiatffalso
RI hneztofSee
RdWheel;,
Kadachac
Ruiderlafette; Radlaf ctte (RI.)
Axle
Wheeled gun mount
(cetrriage)
Bicycle detachment
e
btnsne
Ilul. cap
hlub
Tire of a wheel
Frame., clip
Clip loader; magaz*-ne
Itader
Rocket
Rocket with so~lid fe
Liquid-fuelled rocket
Radfahrubteilung
Radiogestcuerterz~t~der
Radkappe
Radnabe
Radri-ifen
Rahmen
Rahmenlader
Rakete
Ralrete m.it festem Brenostolf
Rakete mit fl~ssigem
Bentt
Rocket propulsion
Rocket launcher(See
also Raketenwerfer)
Rocket bomb
Rocket projectile
Antitank rocket launcher;
bazooka(See under 88 mm
Weapons)
Rocket-assisted take-off
Raketengeachoss
RaketenpanzerbUchse
(Ofenrohr)
Raketenstart
Rocket-assisted bomb
Rocket launcher; rocket
Raketenstartbombr.
Raketenwerter;
Raenwrasinpojcr
Raketenwerfer 43 (RW 43)
and Raketenwerfer 54(RW 54)
Rocket launchers 43
and 54 (See under 88 mm
Weapons)
Ram; rammer; pile driver
Ramp; platform
Ramp land mine (improvised
mn ne nicie
board)
Rim; flange; edge; border
Rimvent fuze
to knurl; crimp; edge; rim
Rim-fiee cartridge
Rinless cartridge
imd atig
Rimmed cartridge cs
Ramme
Rampe
Rand
Raniddilsez''inder
randeln; rildern
Randfeuerpatrone
andlose Patrone
Flatness of trajectory
Meal-powder COMP03ition
(yo
Rasp
et oc;dtn
Screen
Rest lever; notch lever
Sanoke; fume; vapor
Smoke-puff sign-il cartridge
Smoke cluster cartridge;
four smoke traila. signal
cartridge
Smoke generator; smoke box
Smoke shell
Smoke candle (CWS)
Smoke filler(Ammo)
Smoke-puff charge for
use by umpire In maneuvers
smokeless
See rauchachwaches Pulver
der Flupbahn
Satz
Cross section
Raspel; Raspe
Cross-sectional load
Rs
Lateral dispersion;
Raster
* deflection~dispersion
* (all '*Rasthebel.
Rauch
to-crush; bruise; squeeze;
p ichRauchballpatrone
PnchockRauchb'indelpatrone
(See general
section)
Rauchentwickler
'Crushing mine
Rauchgranate
Crushing mill; crusher
Rauchkerze
kuchk~rper(RK)
lRauchk~rpcr flit
Schiedsrichter(RKfS)
vengeance(See
rptuchlos
Vergeltung)
rauchloses Pulver
Nasenrachenreizstoff
Rauchmeldepatrone
bicycle
(wr 291
Rc~
~lu~n.
Rauch pato ne(r p
~S
Rauchsat~~~
e~ Le
R a u c s ig n a lp a rasal
fl i lN.a i
Tub la
Ra csmoegen erpator
Rnucroh Tu ula smoe gnertorPresently
Smoke composition; smoktetcmak(M
taucnalw
racshaches
Pulver
Rauchzeichenpatrone
Raum
* Raumbild-_ntfe~rnung smeaset
Raumboot(R-B3oot)
~ h ~S n.~ e . k ~
Raumchemie
Ra~umgeichte
RugwctWeight
I
Rauminhalt; Raunirehalt
Rtiumoiter
Raupe
Raupenlafette
Raupenschlep~per
R-Boot
* Reagen~z(pl Reagenzien);
Reaktionsmffittel
Recbengerit
*Rechenschieber
Rechtsdrall
rehtdrhedrifling
rehsrhnddaxttorotatorv:
rechtas'a~ngig
rechtswinklig
Reduzierung!
*Referat
Regel
Regetting
Regendecke
Rehposten
Reibahle
reiben
Reibedraht
Reibepu~lver
Rteibungabremse
* Relbuagskoeffizient
Reibizagmprobe
Relbun 1gazundasita *
:Relbzix'UAdschraube
* Relchasnatalt
Reichasdruickeiei (Rdr)
Relclieforschungasrt
Reich sluftfahrtmin'sterium (R LM)
I Mo
Ileichapatent; Bundespatent
Rcichweite
fleifen; Reif
Reifenpanne
ReiheFlero;srs
RFiiledu;
orgluleRienladung
Reihenachaltung
Reihenwuef
reinpuecla
Reinheitaprobe
R ir~ i uugP
Reinigungsbirste
Reissblei; Graphit
Reissanz~nder
Reissleine
reitende Artillertie
Reiter
Reitergewicht
reizender Kampfstoff
Reizgas
.Reizgeschoss
Reizstoff
Repetierwaffe
Reserve
Reserve 11
clockwise
riht-hand (threads, etc);
clockwise
rectangular
Reduction
Abstract; review; repo"t
Rule; standard
Regulation; control
Rsve
dugAuxiliary
Reevznugin
Rest
Restflugweite
Reamer
German patent
ag;mxmunag
Tire; ring; hoop; tire; band
Puncture- blcovout; flat tire.
Elongtedhrges
Elongated chorped
Connection in series(Elec)
Train release; train bombing
Tueat foleurin
urificatio n ; cle a n ing
Bore brush; cleaning
brush (Ord)
Graphite
Friction(pull) igniter
or primer
cd
Hi orsearillr
Rider; horseman;
private (Cavy)
Rider(the weight)
Irritant agent;
lacrimator (CU'S)
Irritant gas; tear gus
Irritant gas projectile
lrri~ant; harassing
agent (CWS)
Repeating wepo
Reserve
fully tained men
under 35
Inactive reserve of
partly trained men
under 35
ignition lead(blasting)
Residue; remainder;
rest
Remaining range;
straight-line distance
Tarpaulin
Buckshot
to rub; grind; triturate;
rasp; grate
Friction wire
Abrasive powder
Friction brake
'Coefficient of friction
Friction test
n erar y u n i t b eo ft e 194 7 ,
equal to about 23 cenits.q
called
Rettungsboje
Rettungafahrzeug
Revolverkanione
Revolver mit Viederapannabrug
richten
Richtfernrohr
2 lchtge'alt
Rlchtung
Rlchtungshigrer
Richv ~geschlespen
between point of
burst and theoretical
point of impact
Life buoy
Lifeboat
Revolving cannon
Double-action
revolver
to direct; point a sun;
l jug
aim;cpi eigh
Aiming device
Direction; pointing;,
'aying(of a gun)
Sound locator
Adjustment fire for
direction (See also
Einschlessen)
e*
Ccung
Hietcllocc
HigemieSee
Riemen
Riffeltrichter
Riltec
RUitntnunition; H-Munition
Groove; channel
gro~ove.; cannelure
DolAt; zasil, 1341
lreechiblock
R-Mine
itrap; sling~; belt
Ribbed funnel
Canaclurc; Aroove; furrow
Rimmless cartridge case
ClsdIlkIcl,
RIcSo~l
Roingl
Ring
*Ringenlage
Ringgranate
S Am
~~~~~Ring;
link; band;
loop
Ring layer
hel sel Rin
ih
pre-arranged fragmentation
Ritigkianone
Bul-pgn aktdgn
Ringoul ver(Rgp)
Anuilaru orurn, propeellaunt
R igrhrAnulr
r in popllnt
Ringrh
Bul p barl
RI gst~ttZe
Ring on triped support
Rinine
Channel; groove; fuLrow;
*
Hittr-neister
R-Min;
glie
H-Muniion
RohrR;
Rohrabnutzung
Rohrbreite
itohrbremsc; lId~klaufbiremse
Rihre(R; Ro)
""Rhrnaet
Rcirenpulver(RP)
Reckatoss; R'icklauif
RU~ckstossfrei(Rf)
RiktsfeesoeRcils
(RFckstsfeikn
Rfoiles)u
Recoil mechaniam
Recoilless gun
Blowback (Ord);
back pressure
Recoil; kick (Ord)
Recoilless
u
R'tkkatosafrceiewerfer
(RfW)
Recoilless launcher
RUckstosslader
Recoil-operated
weapon
R I~ckstossmotor
Hhrer; R~hrappafat
Jet-propealsion 'engine
Stirrer; a tio
Rtuonf
tinder It
Rye
Pi rnRundblickfernrohr
ronoi
ioli
Runde
Tue; ipe gu barelRundfunksender
Tbe; It)ipe gu barelstation
(See also Lauf and
Rundgeschose
Titinki torool
fuselage (AC)
(RbIF)
,Rundkopfgeschoss
Panoramic telescope
Tour; round; circle; curve
Radio broadcasting
Round bullet
Rs
RUatung
R'U*stung swerk
te
rstl
ot aplc
Armament; equipment
Armament plant; war-plant
oshk;ol
oshk;jl
Siibel
Saber; &word
Subject index
Sac
Tubuar mon()Sachintlez;
Empfy gu
arljuice;
Sachrepister
ag
ac;poc
electric current
Rohrterspringer
Bore of a gun
Sagemehl
Tue ariage
Salmiak
Bangalore torpedo,3 kg in
stel
Secals
ppe inSalpeter
Rohi gefuilte Reihenladung
and gestrecl'te Ladung)
Salpetergrube
Gun tube jacket
Salpetethiitte
of's S un
Salpeterasure
G)Salpe-erselhwefels~ure
fuze
Bore-safe fz
Bore-safety of fuze
Salpetrige Schwelelskure
alierSalvenfeuer
Plipe wrench;
Saivengeschiltz
'Stlllson wrench
Salm
Premature in a gun
Salzlraruache
Sawdust
Sal ammoniak; Am
chloride
Saltpeter; K nitrate;
ie
Saltpeter mire
Niter works
Nitric acid
Mixture of nitric and
sulfuric acids; mixed acid
Nitrosyl sulfuric acid
Salvo (or volley) fire
Automatic gun
Salt
Flash-reducing wad
Rohatoff
:Rolle
Rollenbombe
Riintgenstrablen;'X-Strahlen
Rost
barrel
Raw material
Roller; roll
Rolling mine
X-rays
Rust; grate; Still
Sammler (batterile)
(i
atcrrde
(litoSalori
cactidge
muriaric acid
Flanh-reducing wad
contg some salts
Storage battery
rostfrel
noncorrosive; stainless
Smadbad
Sand bath
R~ohrmantel
Rohrminzifting
,Muzzle
* RhrrckaufBarelrecil
robrsicheter Uinder
des Zlinders
Rohweie; alier
Rohrzange
R~icklaufeintichtung
RclulsR)Rcila
RclulsR)Rcils
iklaufloses Geschiltz
(RfG)
Rdckschlag
r s b rl nd m n
Se Rillnmuniion
ii..Geachu~tzrohr)
fRohirslcherhelt
Ruckdruck
Rcaf;Rtkqo
R',,cklaufbRemcsto
Red (rnos
U083 4(,Cr Doiirkinii Or
ti
uses of some, artillery
ahela not Eontg poison gas-es
Smoke-puff cartridge;
flashe and sound cartridge
1hrust reaction pressure
(Rock)
Rec-oilbak(G
R .1atrone
gutter
Ri111Rb;
H-Min e; it
lRotr& Krpu~f
irletzRed
Salzs'aure
SaIlxvorladung; Salsyorlage
Gect 291
SandpapierSend
Sandprobe
!Satan (Bomb. I
paper
Sand teat; dust text
Nickname- for l~jfl kg
GP-IIE Bomb, called In
Get SC. 1800 Sntnn ITU
1985-2, p 12)
S~aturation; satisfaction
'Set; composition; unit;
S~ittigung
Satz
dazi
eposet; aprimer t ple
Timeil
Pelle primer
n
i~z
Satzing imetrai rig (T~z)explosives
Black powder pellet (TiFa);
fULe composition disk
Satzstiirk
Sauersacdi;
SnertofOxylten
* Saiierstoffterher
5Sulc
ou
(lit Sour substance)
Ovidi..er(lit Oxygen carrier)
1~U11iz1;
pile; pillar
Acid; sourness; acidity
SiuemsD rAcdmee
* -BotSee
Schabe
* Schablone
Schnellboot
Scraper; grater
Stencil; templ~ate; model;
* Schacht
pattern
Sbaft(mining); bomb rack
Sechachtel
Schaft
SchleDish;
* Scholl
'SchalidI
pfer
ScalwOSound
schalten
Scharf
Mcaf
Muitio
scharfec Panxzermine
scharfe Patrone
schatlgeladeae Granaie
schafmabento
*scharfatellen
Scharfschlultze'
Scharfechiltzengewehur
ii~iarnjer
SvmvShovel;
Sclsaum
*Scheibe(Schb)
Box; case
Shaft; stock; handle
basin; bowl; hus;br
Sound; ring; resonance
Silencer (Ord); muffler
wave
to insert: shift; switch
sharp; pointed; acute;
armed; primed; live(Ammo)
Live ammunition; service
ammunition
Activated A/T minechre()
Live cartridge; ball cartridge
Live shell
arm(Ammo); to activate
:a minc; to fuze a shell
Sharpshooter snprSclianversuch;
Sharpshooter's rifle
Hinge;' joint
&-oup; pa~ludc, blatJe
Foam; froth; scum; lather
Disk; plate; practice target;
pane(oif glass)
Scheibenpulver
Disk propellant
Schelbenwiacher
Scheide
Scheinimine
Windshield wiper
Scabbard; sheath
Dummy mine
Searchlight; projector;
spotlight; headlight
Shear vire
Shears; sicissors
Shearing strength
Shear plate
Shear pin
Scheinwerfer
Scherdralit
Schere
Scherfearigkelt
Scherplatte
Sc-herstift
Schiedisrichter ,,;Umpire
1iSchlefer
iSlate;
Schiene
Schlessbaumwolle-;
schie~swo~ll
Schiessbecher
(maneu-,ers)
schist; shale
Rail; atcip: surgical splint
Guncotton
SchiensenGnnr
schiessen (Schoen,
Schieasplatz;
Walfenprufungastelle
Schiesspulvertpve
Schiess-stock (am
Gifleagrnadeer)
chiess-stoffweseit
Schieaswesen;
Schiesslehre
Schieaawolipulver
Sch~iff
Schiffbauwerfr;
SShipyardf
Schiffskanonc(SK)
Schild
Schirm
Schi~rmlafette
Gounne; fre
to .chossen)ir
Proving ground; artillery
sange
Riflngownde ro
Powder businean; all that
conce-r.9 propellants and
Gunnery; Ballistics (See
also Artilleriewesen)
Guncotton Propellant
Ship; vessel
Siyr
Navatl Suit
Shield; label; signboard
Screen; umbrella; parachute;
cover(See also Falisehirm)
Gun mount protected with a
shield
Schlacht
Battle
Schlachtfliegerbombe
Schlachtflotte
Schlacke
Schlag
Schlagbolzen
Schlasempfindlichkeit
Schlagfeder
Schlagladung
Schlaglot
Schlagrohre
Schlagarift
Schlagprobe
Schlagwerrer
schlagwettersicher
Schlaiwetterversuchsstrecke
schlagwetterrsndflihig
Schlagzunder
Schiagzuidachraube
Schlamm
Schlange
Schlauch
Schlauchboot
Schlauchklemme
Schleifmittel
schleppen
Schlepper
Schlepprorpedo
Schleuder
Schleuderguss
Schleudermachine;
Abschieuder-machine
Schleudermine
Schleuderctart
Hard solder
Percussion tube; friction
tube (primer)
Striker(Fz)
Impact teat; percussion test
Firedamp
Safe against firedamp
Testing gallery
ignitable by firedamp
Impact fuze; percussion fuze
Threaded percussion primer
Mud; sludge; slime; Slurry
Snake; coil; bore (flexible
tube); spiral
tube; tubing; pipe
(flexible' ; hose
Pneumatic raft
Tube clamp
Ahrasive
to tow; drag
Tractor; tug
Towed torpedo
Centrifuge; sling; catapult
Centrifugal casting
(foundry)
Centrifugal machine;
catapult
Sling mine; sliding mine
Catapult take-off(Avn)
ittn kill)
I:
Schreck
Sccluug
~c~lfiGrinding;
sharpcniztg
sle igh mount;
sliding carriage (G)
'clizSlit;
slot; fissure
Lock; bolt mechanism; cantle
Smoke stack
wrench; cipher code
Main trench
Antivehicle mine laid us road
block (lit Key mine)
Narrow-gage railt ad
Melting point
Fat; grease; suet
Emery
futtetil) (1141matu~e Oi.4
guide
Schrot
shlttl
"'I'A t.'leigh;
!Cblss
sclut; 'Sdhlott
'~clislKey;
"Sdiltsselgrablen
Schlit sselinine
Schmalztpurbahti
Schmelzpunti~
!ichner
Schmiergel
scliucLettiiangt
scliniedbarmislsale
eckmine
Schrotgewehr
Schrotpattone
Schuh
Fih;tro
Booby trap; booby mint.
(See also Srrengfalle)
Shot (for shatgun); pellt;
cut; piece
Shortgun
Shotgun shell,
Shoe; SA scabbard or
holste~r
Schulbombe
Schuld
Sch4i-Mine
Schuppe
Schuss
Schu:;sbobachtung
misile)spotting
Sclhussbereich
Schmiede
FresmtySchussfolge
Schmied.'eisen; geschmieruh rn;fre'rn
detes Eisen
malleable iron
Schmniermittel; Schmierstoff
LubricantScuwaeFiar
J
cmei
urctn
i
* ScmieungLubicaion(grosate
*
Schinirgel
Emery
Schnabel
Beak; bill; nozzle; nose
.1
Shasle
Bckle clsp; wasing ook
*Schnauz.e
'Snout; mouth; nose; nozzle; spout
S:hntecke
Wvtm(Mech); endless screw;
chcktrb;spiral
Sheenre;Schneckenrad
Worm gear
schncekc-tte
Snol;, chain; skid chain
Schneewanne
Boat-type runner placed under
gun carriage wheels for operutions in deep snow
Schneidf.
Edge (of a knife, bayonet, etc)
Schneider
Cutter, Tailor
Schnellboot; S-Boot
Motor torpedo boat; PT.Boat;
E-Boat
Schnellifeuergeschuitz
Rapid-fire gun; quick-firing gun
Scbnellfeuerkanone
Rapid-fire cannon; quickSchnell
firing cannon
ShelLadekanone
Rapid loading gun
Schnell Ladverschiuss
Rapid loading breechblock
Schnell Ladung
Emergency demolition charge
Schnell Lot
Soft solder
Schnelizilnder
instantaneous fuze; nondelay fuze
Scnpe(See
also empfintllicher Zne)
.Schnitte
S.pout; snout; nozzle; lip
Cur, slice; sectio;itrein
Schnur (See also Zindschnur)
Rope; cord; twine; string
cbrag
oblique; sloping. nlie
Schr~glinie'
Diagonal
*
Schrank
Cabinet; case; closer, cupboard
Schrapniell (S; Schr) :Shrapnel
Schtapnellmini (S-Mi; SclbrMi)
Antipersonnel mine (lit Shrapnel
mine) (See also Sehtitzemnmine)
Schraube
Screw; propeller
Schraubenflugzeu~g
Helicopter
Schrattbenmnutter
Nut (Tech)
Scbraubenschiussel
Wretnch
Schr.eubenzieher
Screw driyer
SchraubkappeSce
ca
Schraubatock
2Vise
(Tech)ScwbSsesonslg
Schusstafel
Schutsversager
Schusaweite
Schussweite)
Schusswinkel
Scbitteltrichter
Sch~ttkacte
Schwadvon
achwiingern
Sehwanlramg
Scbwaaa
SeuhIN ees
cwspvw
acbwvedia'rh
Swedish
match)~
u w ds
Sulfur
c h w e fe a ni mu .n
S5
ltn
Schwefelmni mon
Antimony sulfide (Sb2S,)
S~'ecsueSulfuric
acid
* SchwfeltrosideSulfur triouide (CWS)
*Schwefetwasserstotf
hyrgnslieSelbstladeeinstecklauf
Sc Ihwedkce
s llcinSft
Sahtefisueshelie
tchweissen
schwelen
Schwelkerze
Sdu'wer sein ,
schw e m m t i
scwrheavy
* e sAhtilwerie
(s )H
wcell dsto
e d
u i e st n
e diu martillery) li
Heavyrartillery)-!N
Me-i
hovitzer
Heanvy howitzer)
Medium gun (lit Heavy
gun)
Heavy antitank gun
Force of gravity
*
Heavy M(;dpeso
Heavy artillery (lit Heaviest
artillery)
Schwe'rt
bword
Schwimmweste
Mac West; life vest
Schwinguns; Schwatig
Vibration; oscillation
schwifrei3
to whizz; buzz; centrifuge
chwunggewicht
Pendulum
9chwungkraft
Vibrating power, centrifugal
force
Schwungm'aschine
Centrifuge
Schwungred
Flywheel
Seofliegerei; Seeflugwesen
Naval aviation
Seeflugzeug
Seaplane; hydroplane
Seele
Bore (of a gun)
eeenacbac
Axis of the bore
*Seelendthrchinesser, SeedanDiameter (caliber) of the bore
weite
(See also Kaliber)
Seelenlange
Gun barrel length
tSeelearohur
Tube; liner (of a gun)
* Seemeile
Nautical mile (1.853 kin)
"Cemnine
Sea tmie; underwater mine;
submarine w~ine
Seeminenaperre
Submarine mine field
Seeziinder
Hydrostatic bomb fuze (in
depth chargce)
Segelflugzeux
Glider; nailplane
Segler
Sailboat; glider
Segmenigranare
Segmented shell
Sehrohr
Periscope; telescope (lit
Seeing tube)
seigern
to exude
Seiteaer
Side; face; direction (Guny)
* Scitenee
Enfilade fire
Scitengewthr
Baoe ltSd r)Sinkstoff
Seiteaverschiebung
Drift correction
Seiterfwagen
Sidecar
Seitwartabewegung
Yawing (See also Pendelf)
des Gescloaa
Sektundirladuagl
Secondary charge; base charge
(of a detonator)
SelhstentzUadulrSelhstzuadung Spontaneous ignition
*
e
Sualbrarlir
cidautomatic
Slfuous
Sfuusad ge
Selbstladegewehr
to weld;ssweat
to burn lfwlY; smiolderSebtupiolSmatmtcpso;slf
Smoke candle (CWS)
to
~~ch'~ere
(dl)
e-
weapon
Semi 141tomnati
c rifle; ujellloading eifle
loadingdp
e
isutolai
ptl
itl
el
SclbrttL.der; Selhata e af
Selbatschrumpfung
Selbistv erbrennung
Seib at zersetzung
oeCourAwt'6UL~u6
Sender; Sendegerit
Seudung
Senfgaut; Yplerit
senkrecht
Seakung
Sensibilitit
Seri enfabrikation
Sesshafter Kampfstoff
depresioiiy;sn stvns
Production in ser~es
Pestetcmiawrfe
agent
Se r Spitzgeschoss
S-Geschons
chrsf;eue
'Ncherheitsbottich
Sicherheitsdraht
Sicherheitsglas
Sicherheitsminenpulver
Sicherheitssprengstoff
sichern
Sicherungskappe
Sicherungsklappe
Sicherungsmutter
Sicherungsstilt
Sicherungsvorstecker
Sicherungsz~ndri
Sicht
Sichtfeld
Sieb
Sirednpunkit
Siegfried Kanone
Signal bombe
Signalpatrone
Sign--' rakete
Signalwerfer
Siliziumtetrachlor~r
Sipo (Sicherheitarolizci)
SM; S-Mine; SchWM
S-Mine Verhindungsatil-k1,
Drilling
oklafte(k)Pedestal
SOB
So
%tSole;
,r 29t.
kern (g~tt
fSmY. (!Ilj
Spitzgcschnss mit Stahlkern wtd Glmsu (SmIc-
6.11,
tt
&onder
"la'-g
Non'ixed aminunitiuo,
sealpurpose ammunition
Special purpose weapon
Scout car; reconnaissance vehicle
See under Get 4bbreviatioills
Crack; split; slit; fissure
Cracking installation; splitting
device
In'rt.g
tallntion for recovering
oleuin from spent acid by
splitting process
Jump-spurk elect.ic igniter
Hligh-ten-sion electric igniter
Split rin3 (bri-echblock)
Hligh-tension detonator
Exploder for high-tension
detonator
Cocking mechanism
Scarce material-, high priority
matra
Esparto grass
Retarded burst; dmlayed action
projectile
delay fuze
eare intinSprenggelatine
Spear
BraeblonSprenggranare
Block; obstacle; barrier
Barrage fire; barrage
Plywood
Outer steam tube of MG
Naval establiabiment working onl
development and testing of sea
minesSprengkapsel
Specific weight
,Mirror, periscope; stern (of a
ship)
Hleliograph
Mirror sight
Spindle; pinion; gear shaft
Titdrill1; spiral dilwt
"Spiral spring; helical spring
Po1.4t; tip
Pointed bullet
Pointed bullet with iron core;
SAP bullet
Pointed bullet with stteel core;
Abultof
Uuts 297
Sprengko.,per, Tp
*Staffelleuer
Echelon fire
Stellachraube
Stell-stift; Steil
Fuze- setter
S)Srihhh;Sglb
sterils~ndll~s~nn4.Sror Cluster rartridge (Rignal);
multiple Stitr cartridge
Sternpulver (Sti')
Star-shaped propellant
Sternsignal
Signal flare; star signal
Stetier
Control; steering wheel; tax
Steuerfliige
Stabilizing fin (B)
Stpucrunit
Steering
Stich
Thrust; stab;, sting
Stichprohe
Sample taken at trandom
schluse
~ril~wff
sj;.-t
Stielgtranate
Thustngweaonstfeuen
Nitrogenwihonfre(ty
Ilydrazoic acid; hydronitric
itcid; hydiroge~n trinit:,re
(HNO
Boot; case; barrel
BHandle; shaft; stem; stalk
Sriho~;Sxih
ztrifn
Srie
Streifenplvder
Streit
Starotdisolder
Strengsoldt
Streubrundbombe
Swiuftht StenseYone
Streufeuere
t~srb
Stteukegel
(Friction) match
bl
Bad trj. stie
.t
i.
ad ti.
secftodr
agznecip(I
MSagaztip
bnd ori (a1ea0
ptefnuvr(t
tripel(bandt rlmelr
C~opentetcob;sti;
Cotet
ap coma;ati
Scatterfire bomb
to tt-atter; strew; cover
ie fie(Arty); wei
fr
Ctensee
one !f ispe(rty;si
epignr
oeo dseso
Sheaf of fire; cone of lire;
3ta
41gr
Role
crs
u;srk
u;eiistee
lmnt
Stiatzselraube (StzSr)
Sttavi (Sturzvirieae)
Support uciew
Dive Bombing sight
Get 2.99
- Stypbainsiure
Suchaaker
SumPfs a; Sump fl uft
SutontSubstitute
TTiger
f te raks evelpedby
serokt e tSenk unde relPaned yT
(Panzer)On
T-3
abl e; hr tc S e u de a z r
Siwdl
car
* Tage-TTone
*
agTone (TATO)
Metric tons per day
*Talc
Antitank gun (A/T Sun)unePazr
1 akrtilere
AT atileryTiterapparat;
*Tank;, Tankwasen
Tank
Tankbuchse
A/T rifle
* Tankgrabcri
A/T ditch
* Taragera~t
Cam(n uflage equipment
lz~rnmi-tc!
'Camouflage material
nuoxung
Camouflage
*Tascheninunition
SImail arms ammunition in pouches
* Taster
Calipers; key; feeler, antenna
Taucher
~~Diver (Nay) (See also Torpedo,toaucher)
tecbniscbrein
technically pure; correct
rTechniache Nothilfe (Teno)
Technicu; Emergency Corps
Teer
Tar
TeerasphaltCa-a
ic
teilen
to divide: graduate; share
Teilkartuache; Teillaidung
Increment charge; partial propellant charge (SL Ammo) (See alao
Vorkanrtache)
*Teilkerngeschoan
Sectional bullet
.Teilladung
See Teilkartuache
Teilmantellgeachosa
Semi-jacketed bullet
* Teilmantellocligeschoss
Semii-jacketed hollow point bullet
*Teilmentelapitzge Ischoss
S'emi-jacketed pointed (spitz)
bullet
* TearingGradatedringTorpedogeachoss
* TilchebeGraduated
diah, dial-sight;
quadrant
Teilatrich
Graduation mark; mil (Arty)
Telefunken
Gennan company manufacturing
eletoi
qimn
* Teller
Disk; sent of a valve; plate'
Teller (Zuwinder)
Time-scale (Fz)
Tellermine (TeMi)
Disk-type A/T mine
Temperstahl
Aneldaeltotpressen
tempiee
oatolz
Fuze time setting ring;
* TemPiering
tm scl(F)tragbar
Teono
See Technische Nothilfe
Teaching
Small bore rifle
*
Tenfe
Depth (Mining)
Theodor Bruno (KRanoe
240 mm Railroad Gun (See under
weapons)
Theodor (Kaowne)
240 mmnRailroad Gun (See under
Weapons)
Theranit
Thermite
Thermitbombe
Thermite (incendiary) bomb
*
Th~ermitladung
.Thermite charge (Inc B)
* Thor
Heavy SP mortar (Se: Thor and
Karl Mortars)
Itreiben
1Tief e
Depth; deepness; deep
Depth charge ; depth bomb
Tiefenbom'.'e
Crucible; melting pot
Tietel
T-38Wanzr')One
Ticgelfluaa-atahl;Cucbeoa
Tiefraizi; Veeanur
Tiger I
H1(KOnigotiger)
rgeris"Be
~e ge)
Tiger 0P)
Titrierpparat
ee;rcil
cotttel;Crcil
Crucible-tah
seteeloru
Heavy toni 'See under Panzer in descriptive part)
Heavy tank (See -.mdci pan?r in descriptive part)
Same as Jagdtiger (See under
Pan zer)
Heavy tnir-destroyer designed by Porsche (See
Titrating (volumetric)
app~ratus
T-Mine
See Tellermine
ti~dliche Menge
Killing concentration (CU'S)
Tolit
Trinitrotoluene (TNT)
Tion
Tone; sound; clay
Tonerde
Alumina; argillaceous earth
Tonnie (TO)
Metric ton =1000 kg or 1.102
short tons; buoy (Navy); drum;
bre;cr
Tonwagen
Sound truck
Tonviedergabe
Sound reproduction
Topf
Pot; jar; crock; band grenade
casing
ofie
To-mine
Pot-shaped land mine
Tori
Peat
Torfkohie
Peat charcoal
Totfmehl
Poadered peat
Torpcdoabschussvorrichtung Torpedo-launaching device
Tospedoabwehirgeschuz
Anti-torpedo gun
Togpedoabwurf
Toipedca releaae (Avn)
Torpedoausswsatrohr
Togpedo tube
Tospedobootzeratorer
Doitroyer (Nay)
Torpedoflieger
Torpedo-bomb pilot (Avn)
Torpedoflugaug
Torpedo bomber (Ava)
Streamlined (boat-ald
bullet
Toipedogranate
Torpedo shell
Torpedorohr
Torpedo-launching tube
Torpedoschnel Iboot
Motor torpedo boat
Torpedoachutznetz
Torpedo defense net
Torpedotaucher
Deep-sea diver (See also
Toucher)
Tcgpedowuuf
Torpedo release (Avn)
to dead press
Totschl~ger
Blackjack
Gum tragacanth
Tr&aoatSum
portable; productive
tragen
to bear, carry; support
Tr~ager
Carrier-, mount; suppor t; beam
Tragloasen
Pack load
Tragweite
Range
Traiengas
Tear gas; lacrimator
Trasnenstoff (T-Stof I)
Lacrimaror
transportsich' rer Z~mder
Shipment-safe ftze
treffen
to hit; strike; meet; take
measures
Treffpunkt
Point of impact; objective
point (Arty)
to drive; propel; impel; drift
Treibgas
Propelling gas-, wood gas
Wood-gasa engine
Trelbgasmotor
Piopelling Chargie; propulsive
Treibladung; Treiboatz
charge
(er 300
l're b m ~e
Tebitlmutic
Trcibpulver
TiisiglPropellant;
Tribilspiee
rilsigelgcachoss
TreibsprengstoffSumrnpe
TIeibstoff
Propellent
Fagine fuel
Scpnration process
TrnnngrCu..u
ITrtcnnugogn
Tretine
Tretinine
~Tread
b e rtro m m el
Uberwachung
Iiberwasserstrei,.. Afrz
U-Boot (Unterset.ooot)
U-Boot-BunkerSumrnpe
U-Boot-jagser
U-DootkriegSumin
11-Boot-Mutterschiff
U-Bootnetz
1J-Boot-Werft
Ubung
Submarine chaser
afr
Submarine tender
Submarine net
Suhmarine construction yr
Prcie;eacie
raiid
Trichter:
in
Funnel; cratter; cone
Terrain pitted with shell craters'
gel~indepractice
Trichterlatlung
Crater charge
Trichtermine
Fi'nni.I mine
Trichterwirkung
Mine effect
Ttiebkraft
Motive power
Treibwerk
Power plant
* Trilit
Trinitrotoluene (TNT)
Triptlerde; Trippeleide7
Tripoli
trocken
dry
* Trockner
Drier
* Trog
Trough; vakt
*Trammel
Drum;, cylinder of a revolver
* Trommelicuer
!
Drum fire; heavy barrage (Arty)
Trommelmagazin
Drum (cilinder) magazine
Trmemaaizuf hung
rum teed
Tropen (TpO
"Tropics
STarupfenflascne; Tropfflasche Dropping bottle
TrpfrihtrDropping
funnel
* TWOty
Trinitrotoluene (TNT)
-trabf g gafD
ge
f u bdt
ITStf
See Trla'nenstoiff;
highly concentrated (80-85%)
hydrogen perozidn
Trichterfeld; Iiichter-
and iJ
iuben
Uberborskurfe
Uberchlornaur
IUberchromsaure
Ebtrdruaek
ijcommunication
charge
Obungsbombe
Ubungageschoss
iu
sratePciesel
Obungshandganate
Ybungsladung
Ijbungstnine
IObungsmunitioe
Ubungspatrone
Ubungsschiessen
Uhr
Uhrwerkantrieb
Uhrwetkzi~nder
Uhrzeiger
drill
Practice bomb, dummy bomb
Tann
rjcie
agt
projectile; drill
poetl
Practice shadgenad
Practice charge (Ammo)
Practice minc
Patc
nanto
Practicc cartridge
PrActice firing
Watch; clock; timepiece
Clockwork action (Fz)
Clockwork fuze
Clockhand; indicator (mactruments)
(Counterclockwise)
to embrace; comprise;
envelop
Converter (Elec)
Modified; converted; reworked
Perimeter, radius; circumrecrystallized
equipped; outfitted
Rotation; re~volution; circulation
Jacket; envelope; sheath
Crimping machine
Edge; burder
co stir, stir up
Switch board; reverser;
commutator
Transition point
unarmed
Fireproofing
not waterproof or gasproof;,
permeable:. leaky; not tight.
(;er 301
undu''cilfdinglich
un 1cn,4l;h
uncntbehrlich
unentzuindoar
unerlaubte Entferatung
ungef'hr
uage~scrhter Kalk
unitcharf
impermeanble; impenietrable
infinite; endless
indispencable
inert(Ammo)
Absence without leave(AWOL)
about; approximate
Quick lime
unarmed (Fz); out of focus
(Optics)
unscharf macben,
to disarm (Ammo)
Unterarzt
Interne; young physician
Unter1rincher
nerutrverbiennbar
UneclrglueHypochlorous acid
Unt~erchlorsiure
Ilypochloric acid
Unterdruck
D~iminished pressure:
vacuum; below atmosphere
pressure
Unierfeldwebel
Staff sergeant
Unterf~hrting
Underpsass R
Untetkalibergescboss
Siibr~aliber projectile
Unterka~lun~g
Srupercooling
Unteroffizier
NCO; corporal
Unterschied
Difference
.U tersebo
See U-Boot
to support
Unterstutzen
Investigation; examination;
Untersuchung
inapectioni
Submersion; immersion
Untertauchung
Unterwachmeister
Staff sergeant (Cavy and Airty)'
Depth charge; depth bombj
Unterwasserboinbe
Unterwiasserbriicke~n:.ndeir
Underwater bridge primer
Hydroph one(Nav)
Unterwasserborihger~t
Underwater shunt primer
Unterwasuernebellschlusszuindet
Underwater split primer
*Unterwasserspaltziinder'
Underwater bleating (Dem)
Unterwassersprengung
Underwater primer or fuze
Unterwasserzunmder
Original model; prototype
'Urbauinuster
Primary matter
Urastoff
jungle warfare
Urwaldkrieg
VVerein;
V-1, V-2, and V-3
V8A
Vauueo ire
V-Boot; Vatkehrboot
Velocitas-Null (Vo)
Vent11
1!Ventildichtung
vetlsrMtrSleeve-type
veraltet
vermaderfich
verankerte Mine
Veraschung
Vensgbn
Verbandi
Verbanodsubwtirf;
Verbandswurf
7etbessertrv
See Vergeltungawaffe
Eins, etc
~~~~Brand
of stainless steel
Verbesserung
Vetbindung
Verbindungastdck
Verbot
Verbrauchssatz
Verbrennung
Verbrennungsanalyse
Verbrennungakraftmascbine
Verbrennungsraum
Verbrennungsrtickstande
Verbrennungswiirme
Verbrennungawert
Verbundgescboss (V)
verchloren
verchromt
Verdaimmen; Verdammung
(Se e also Besatz)
vesdampfen
Verdainpfungsarwae
verdeckre Ztindung
Verdichtungsappatat
Verdichtungastosswelle;
Verdilchtuagawelle
Verd-ickunitafnttel
vierdunnen
verdunsten
Vereiaigung
Vereinheitlichung
Vereisung
Veresterung
Verfahren
Verfall
Verfglachung
Launch
Initial velocity; muzzle velocity
Vent; valve
Valve gasket
engine
'obsolete; antiquated
variable; changeable; unstable
Moored mine
Ashing; Incineration
IseVerfug'ung
Binding; bandage; dressing;
hond; combined arms wnilt
Formatio rlase (bombing)
verfelnern
verfertigen
verfeuern
verfl~Ichtigen
Verflllcbtigungsffihi~keit
verflllssigen
verfriiht
Verfiagung
Improved
des
Obetkommandos deu
Heeres
Vergalung
vergileen
Vergaser
Correction (Gunny);
Improvement
Compound; w'joining;
asml;a,
.ea)
liaison
Adapte:
Prohibition; off-limits
declaration
Consumption per 100
kilometers (gas and
lubricants)
combuatible
Combustion; burning;
deflagration
Analysis by combustion
Internal combustion engine
Combustion chambet;
propellent chamber;
powder chamber
Reaidues of ignition
(or combustion)
Heat of combustion
Calorific power; combustion
value
Compound projectile
(See Mantelgeschoss)
to chlorinate
Chromium plated
Tamping; mud capping (Dem);
damming up((astream)
to evaporate; vaporize
Heat of vaporization
(or evaporaticn)
Covered priming
Condenser
Compression wave; burst wave;
detonation wave
Thickening agent; thickerner
to thin; dilute(liquids);
rarefy (gasses)
to evaporate
Union; association; society
Standardization
Formition of ice; icing (Avn)
Euterification
Mto;poeue rcs
Decay; deterioration; decline
Adulteration; falsification;
forsery
to refine; improve
to make; prepare; manufacture
to fire; launch; burn up
to vaporize; evapotste
Volatility
to liquify; dilute
premature
Disposal; disposition;
availability
Army Regulation
Denaturing
to ferment
Gasifier; carburator
(,cr 10 2
Vergeirtiing
Vtrgr!tungswaffe(V)
vergiesabat
Tersi':e"
Vetgifcungsachiessin
Verglasung
Yeigleichoschieasen
ter
sengEnlargement
VA
tce
Verg'l ungescahl
Veibh"ltnis
* Verb"rugHadnn
Verharzen; Verharzung
~
* Vetlm4uln
: Verhuttung
Resinification
Lignificat!'
Smelting; working off
(metals)
Taper; reduction (of scale)
Ver ungung
*
Verkleidung
PVerkleinerung
verkleistern
verplatinieren
verpuffen
Verpuffungapr.obe
Verrichtung
verzostet
Versager
Versauerung
verachiessen
verachleiern
Vetschleierungsfeuer
Versehluss
reverse; inverse
ikn;lnaeVerschlusaring
Fastening (sealing) with
or other adhesive;
*putty
cementing
Facing; casing; lining;
camouflage
*disguise;
Diminution; reduction
to make into paste; to
cover with glue; to stick
Verschlusakeil
* ekemntogether
vekemnto
verkInallen
* verknistern
Verschlussschieber
.shutter
Verachluss-schraube
Verschraubung
Verschreibung
Verschwindlafette
verseben
versilbern
verspannen
veraprilhen
Verstahlung
Verstirkung
Versuch; Versuchung
jam; wedge
to detonate
to deerepitate
Decrepitation
.Verknisterung
*
to plate with cobalt
* verkobalten
to boil down; concentrate
verkochen
Versuchladung
to char; carbonize
verkohien
veraucha
to coke
verkoken
Versuchschiessen
to calcify
verkreiden
Versuchwesen
to coot down
verkaihlen
verteidigen
copper
vekufento
Verteidigungswaffe
couple; to connect
.a
verkuppeln
verteilen
Shortened tracer trail
vcre u LIcbspr
*
(vk ' sur)Verteilungsstelle
Tubular propellant cutVrieugDpnn;dpeso;
verkairztes R~ihrenpulver
into short lengths
verttockn~en
Verlag; Verlagsbuchhand ung Publishing house
*
verunreinigen
to pack or load on
verlasten
vehicles or horses
verlastete Artillerie
*.
verlcschen
verl'o'in
Ivermengen; vermls chen
vernessen
Vermessungsbaltterie
vetmindette Laclung
.to
Terminen
VermBgeo
Vetnebelung
Varn.ichtung
Pack artillery
to go out; be extinguished
to solder
to mix; blend
to measure; survey
Ranging battery
Reduced charge
mine; lay mines
Ability; power; property
screening
*Smoke
Destruction; 3innihilation
to nickel-plate
to rivet
Order; decree; regulation
Packing; casing
Dummy projectile for
vehicle-loading practice
to platinize
to puffI off; deflagrate; explode
Deflagration teat
Performance; execution;
an!ion
rusty
Misfire; failure
Acidification
to expand; fade; discharge
to mask; screen; veil;
camouflage
Diversion fire; smoke-shell
fire
Closing; closure; breechblock,
brecch mec.hanism
*verkanten
vetkehrt
Verketrung
Veskittunp,
vernickeln
vernieten
Verordaung
Verpackung
Verpackungsgeschoss
Wedge-type breechblock
Breech ring; closing ring
Breech locking slide;
slide
Breech screw; threaded closing
cap in fuze
Screw joint; screw cap
Presc:ription; order; note
Disappearing fun mounting
to provide; supply; furnish
to silvcu-piate
to brace; tighten; stretch
to spray (CVS)
Acieration; case hardening
Reinforcement
Experi-ment; assay; trail;
test
Test charge (Arty)
experimental
Test firing (Ord)
Research
to defend; maintain
Defense weapon
to distribute; divide
Distributing point
cavity
to dry up
to tender impure;
contaminate
utilization
Efflorescence;
weathering
Gear; gearing
List; register; index
to coat with zinc;
galvanize
to tin; cost with tin
delay; postpone
Retardation; delay; lag
(;er 10
Verzogerunjaltoprri-
Voraignal
Verzogerungssatz
Delay eIzment
Di lay-si-lion mine
Delay pellet in an electric
igniter; delay powder train
(Fz)
Vetzlogerungsviinder
Voratoss
Vortriebskraft
Verzug
Verzugszeit(Vz)
fuze
Delay; lag
Safety time (in fuzzing)
Vorwiirmer
Preheater
VridugPreigroltion;
premature
ignition (Mot)
Very.ogerungsmlne
Verzugszi~xdung(VZ)
Verzweigung
Vieleck
vielfach
Vielfach;, Vielfache
Vielfachwerfer(Raketen)
Vielrobrgeach*itz
*
*
Viereck
Vilerfuss
Vierling
Vierlings-Maichinensewehr
Viertaktmotor
visieren
Visiervorrichituing
V-Null(Vo); Velocita's-Null
Vogeldunat
Volkssturmngewelir Eins
(VGI)
Volkswagen(VW)
Vollbahn; Vollspurbahn
Voilges~ehosa
Vollreifen
Volrob
vollnt" ndiger Schuss;
vlist"ndiges Geachoas
VollTreffer
Vorderlader
Vorderlauf
Vordruck
Vorgang
* Vohal
Vorholer
Vorkartuache
Vorladang,
Vorlage (Vonl)
VoraufCounter
vnlaformerly
Vorprobe
Vorriclinung
Safety fuzing
Vorstecker
Vorateher
Warning signal;
preliminary t~gnaI
Safety pin(Fi, Mi and Gr);
lug (Fz)
Director, superintendent
Propelling power
Branching
Vulkanfiber
Vulcanized fiber
Polygon
W
manifold
Multiple
Multiple rocket launcher
Wasge; Wage
Scales; balance
Multiple barrel gun;
Wachregiment (Wa)
Guard regiment
Wachs
Wax
Gattling gun
Square; quadrangle
WcrGuard;
va.c;rd
Four-footed stand
station (Avo)
Wachtmeiater (See
Staff sergeant
Four-tuber
Four-barreled MG
also Feldwebel)
(Arty and Cavy)
Weapons; arms
Waffen
Four-cycle engir~e
Waffenamt
Ordnance office(lit
to gage; aim; sight
Weapons office)
Sight mechanism
Ordnance depot
Vaffinse
Initial velocity;Ordnance officer
Waffenoffizier
muzzle velocity
Ordnance testing
Waffenprfifung
Bird shot; small shot
Proving ground, such as
Waffenprfi'fungsplatz
People's rifle in last
at Hi~llrsleben (Army)
ditch 1cefncc
and Meppen (Navy)
People's car (designed .
by Prsce)
affen und Gerlt
Ordnance materiel
Wagon; car; vehicle
Wagen
Standard-gage RR
to weigh; halance
wagen
(1.435 meters)
Weighing pipet
Wagepipette
Shot; solid non-explosive
pro ectV
Wigcschale
Weighing dish
Probability factor
Wabracheinlichkeitsfaktor
Solid tire
MoobockgunbarelWalkerde; Valkererde
Fuller's earth (See
also Waicherde)
Complete round of
lUampart; damn;
Wall
ammunition
embankment
Direct hit
Moat; ditch
Wafigfabefl
Muz1 le loader
Roller; roll; cylinder;
Valze
Muzzle end of barrel
body (of a shell);
First Impression; proof;
drum (of a -revolver)
blank
olrml
VlemIl
Process; chemical
ValxIlager
Ball or roller bearing
reaction; occurrence;
azekRligml
azekRligml
event
Led (frin)Vend
Interior wall; partition;
blha
Counter recoil mechanism
Front increment propelling
aenamer
Wet arehouse
charie (SL Amnmo) (See
wreHa;wrns
underCordte
CmrgeIarmeausienn
Thermal expansion
Heat treatment
W;6Debehandluflg
'Casings in descriptive
Resistant to beat
pat)Vruncbesr'hndigkelt
Vurmebilamz
Heat balance
fha
UlmbnugAsrto
Vadd; wad4lng
iebnugAsrtoofha
Flash-reducing wad (Arty);
test
patern
cop;
Wameelektrixltlt
Thermo-electricity
somthig
pt I frntWlsmeglelchwert
Mechanical equivalent
of heat
recoil
I~rmeraftlhre;Thermodynamics
Vmmcai
Preliminary test
1Virmmechtfbankel
hmlcnutvt
UmllIh~etTemlcnutvt
Contrivance; device;
Conduction of heat
.W)1rieleltung
Mechanism
(ier 104
t rmepobe
Warmeregler
Hat test
W)Thertmoregulato,
W~irmri'btrtrufsun 5 (4
Werkatatt
Wetkatoff
Heart raliafer
i tmeI'ermsgen
Woirxe
wuachen
Wascherde
V" set
Heat capacity
Werltzeus
Lu8 ; stud; niipple; knob
Werlizeuspalrone (WZfgpatt)
wa~chenby
~~~~to
wash; scrub
Fuller's earth (See also Walkerde)
Water
Werkzeugatahl
(Wbo)Tool
Wassrbame
Wasserbomfbo(abo
Depth bomb; depth charge
Wesen
WasedaifbdSteam bath
Wespe
wasserdicht; was.serfest
waterproof; water-tight
.wmssetgierig
hygroscopic.
Wasserhahn
Wasqserkunst
Wasserlinie
Was sermantel
Iwassepr~fung
Wasr~'ugWater
* Wasserochiesspro" t
~'A'Asersqtoff l
1
Was setstof f-hyperoxyd;
Wsasserstoff-pe'roryd
* Wasseritoffzahj
* watte
Wechael
*
Wechaelgetriebe; Gettlebe
iwegaausen
wegwerfen
Wehr; WehreeDfnepapt
* Vebzdiengt
Wehtmacht
Wehsmacht.Heer (WH)
MeM*re
Weichlot Weisslot
Weachatah
Weinesuig
Veloseist
Veinstaure; Weinstelnsiure
Weinstein
Weisosglihhitxo; Welesalut
VWeisskreuxn
Stoff)
Hydrogen ion corntentration (pHi)
Absorbent cotton; wadding
Change; displacemel~nt (Arty);
exchange; currenecy
Transmission (motor vehicles)
(See also Kraftiibettragung)
to suck away; remove by suctiongrvt
to throw away; reject
'Military service
Armed Forces
Armed Forces, Army
ocs
Material (industrial)
Tool; instrument
Steel Precision round used
armorers for testing the
fnto
fwaos(i
fnto
fwaos(i
Instrument cartridge)
steel
Being; nature; character
Wasp; SP Howitzer (See
under Panzer in descriptive part)
Wette$'.unde
wettersicher
Wetter
Vetterdynamit
Vettersprengmittei; Wet.
teraprengatoffe
Wetistein
Wichte
wider
Widterstand
Widerstandmesser
Viderstandzentrum
aywee
Soft'sle'Wee
Soft (mild) steel
Wimpel
Vine vinegar
windabwa~rts; leewarta
Spirits of wine; ethyl alcohol
Winde
Tartaric acid
Tartar
VindfIG~el
White heat; incandlescence
idlglihrngAmn
White eroon (Get maskinS foe
idmse
lacrimator)
Vlndschurxicheibe
Weisslot
See Veichlot
Wiadttreicbholzer
Weltachuasparrone
Long-ranse cartridge
eiWer
Lu-image flame thrower (See
IF
:&8
alI lammenwerfer)
Windstrom
!Wehiblech
Corrugated sheet Irion
Windung
Welle
Wave; shaft; axle; frequency (Pad)
windvtrts
Wellenband
Wavebsend; frequency band (Red)
Winkel
WelkregWorld
War I (WI)
Winkeigruppe
VeadetmktTurnin pntcrialontwinkelmesser
werfen
to throw;, fling
Werfer W
Launcher for meklra nr anlral
Winkelopiegel
pro~ectilir, mortar 'lit Thrower)
Venfergrafnato (Wfsr) (Se
Mortar shell; rocket
Winker
al so Togas..)
Verferrh
Frame-type rocket projector
Verit,
Shipyard, Wharf; dockoftn
'Wesr
Tow; oaiutun
Winterritfeg
Vrk
ork woks;plat; anrcyWinterlost
Work shop
f iredamp
Permissible explosives;
safety mining explosives;,
explosives safe to use
in fiery coal mines
Whetstone; hone
Unit of weight; specific
aant
otayt
against; coatrryet
Resistance
Ohmmeter
Center of resistance;
cetrof dra
ag~ain; asnew
to weigh; tock
Pennant
downwind
Windlass; winch;, worm
(screw)
Arm-Lao vane (B)
aeso
Wind gange; anemometer
Windshield
Storm matches for tightIns a fuse (lit wind strike
mths
Blast current; sir current
Twist (Ord)
windward; upwind
Angle. V-formation corner
Friing angles
Goniometer, sweetas
quadrant; protractor
Periscope; protectomeopea
(M)
Flagman; signaler using
a signal disk; signal arm
er light Indicating direction
winter Warfare
50/50 mixture of LewIsite
aid mustard Sao (CYS)
(;cr 305
Wirbe~l
.wirbelscrom
Wirbelsrw iC
Wirelindh'irlwind(2O
*i
SF' fout-'
barrele~d AA gun)(See also
under Panizer in descriptiveZ
part)
witksame S'chussweite
Effective range
Witkung
Action; effect; efficiency
%itkungsbereich -iField
of fire; sphere of action;
effective range
S irkungsgred; Nutzetfektc
Efficiency
Wischer
Wiper; sponge; windshield wipe&
Wischiteck
Cleaning rod (G)
Wismur; Wismuth; Wissinut
Bismuth (Bi)
Wolfram
Yunitoten. wolfram (V)
Wolfram-Nickel-Stahl
Tung rten-n ick el- steel
Wolftamstahl
Tungsten steel
Wolke
Cloud; wave of gas (CW.S)
Wolle
Wool
Wolokusche
Boat-type runner placed under
gun wheels for operation in
deep snow
Wucht
Kinetic energy; striking power,
force of impact
Wtalst
Pad; padding; roll; enlargement
Ww~st (am (;eachoss)
Shaulder; swell (on projectile)
Wurf
Throw; cast; bomb release
Wartfbahn; Wurfpa&rabel
Bomb trajectory
Wrfci
Cube; pellet; die; capsule
Wurfeipulver (WP)
Cuia2o rsai)pwe
or propellant; dice-shaped
propellant
Wurfger'at (achweres WurfHeavy projector for rockets,
gerait) (See also Nebelwerfer)
signals, etc (Chemical rocket
prjctor)
Wurfgeschoas
Missile; projectile
Wiurfgranate (\%gr) (See also
Mortar shell; rocket
Wererganae)Zelle
prjcieZelle
u:fgranatz'under (W'Z)'
rtar- 1 shell fuze o inldec~iepr
Wurfmine
Y i. ri
Y-Rohr, Y-R18bre
Zacice; Zacken
Za~he; ZQ~higkeit
Zahi
Zahnarzt
Zahorad
Lahnradpumpe
7
angi.
Zapfen
Zspfhahn
Z"Ssium; Ca'siurn
Zehnling (Zehnlg)
Zeichen
Zeichnung
Z~eigcr
Zcit
Zeitbombe
Zeitmesser
eitschnur-, Zeitz'Undschnur
Zeitschrift
ZiugNewspaper,
Zeitz'under (ZtZ); (ZZdr)
Zeitzk'wdung
Zlo
Zellstoff
Trench-mortar shellZeildCllod
or bomb
Dart; arrow
Framework-type projector for
HE or incendiary rockets
Mortar rag;t
zwaang ng
for kkand grenades; bomibing
'&urfpfeil
Wurfrahmen
\sIurfweite
vravge
W6irgebohrwig
Wrelpumpe
* W,~~rgezange
wurpubt
lmi
Wdurflad-Au~g (Wurfldg
c on ; to n d
Zellulose
Zellwolle
Zementcylindri ache Bombe
(ZCB)
Zementieren
Zement-Kaik
Zemenatathl
Tapered bore;, choke barrel (Ord);
Zenoteir
(See also kunisehes Robr)
Zentralblatt
Rotary pump
eniewlt(oprwth
Crimping pliers (for Cape)Fhrnsadba)
Crimp (Ammo)
Zentrifugalsicherung
Zer, Zerium
Xzeibrechen
*
*IXylol
X-Strahle,
zerdr~ucken
zerfallen
zerlllessen
Z.erkleincrwn88m4, 5 clhinr
Accessories
Itla-it; concuso:Zuehi
?.erl'grn
Zerlegerzjinder, Zerlegungii.
u~nderde,(zmehns
/.ermalen;zeteig
rrblnerbeato
i
1,Ziclscheibe
Sga
ulsSacri
Zuflusar
Zu~rrFeedef~
Dispesal;selfdest(rUta2mnic
Diprsl sl-dsruction;
strippingR
Zug (PI Z~ige)
weapons)%
belt feed
(MG)
Train;
ritling
groove;
Crush; grin.I in
trtrae
ulng rf
lto
pulverize
*-.
Zugabe
Supullent;
addiftipon
tergtesr, lacerate;bra
awide
7,. rschneidez'Ander
See ;Zag. und Zerscbneiderzinder
Zugdruck,.u~nder
Pul-ressuride intr(
Zersetzung
Decomposition; disintegration
Zugfeder
Pl~esr
serspaltento split p; cleaveZugfestistkeit;
gie
L~i
Tniesrnt
.:to~~~
splirp
~ Zugapannung
~
Da
laeTnile tent
z-litr'to
split up; shatter; dissipate
Zugktraft; Zugicistuog
TIractive force; rcion
tjorces etc.)
Zugmaschio,
rim
oetactior
zrrenge
to crack; bur-it imatu pJicebZustau
blow upZug*
und Druckzunder
T wrp
er nto
r ng
explode; burst
29 (Z Z 2 )29;
(lit P ull and pre&zerstauben
tersetuberduIqi
to reduce to dust; atomize; spray
Zg nZeshid
sure igniter) (LdMi)
Zers~'~egert~tSpray noz2le; Diesel fuel ;.lector
Zs nZeched.Pull
Chemicalbegspray apa"tu
and tension wire
zder 45 (ZUZZ 35)
igniter 35; (lit Pull and
ZsorrDestroyer
(Nav): lonitrange
Zwerh
cut up igniter) (Ldui)
fighter (Avo)
Zgvre
Railroad traffic
Ziratoruagon
'Gun destruction charge
Tensieaten
2tilugDestruction;
demolitionmZ~ae
Tractor
7,,4
b m .
Demul itiouasgz
ur
Pull igniter
Zr
Islo ngbo
Demolition bomb
Zugzunder 35 (ZZ 35)
Pull igniter 35 (Ldi* 1)
Zerst8-r18agafeuerb
rDestrutctiua fire
zuniachenTosu;I
a
Zerstreaufg
06ipersion; diffusion; scotteeing
Zumischpulver
Admixed
powder,
dope
Zerteilurig
r
Division; separation
Zumischstoff
(in dynamites)
Zer~teninung
i
Separation
Admixed material; admixture
Zettel
~~~~~Card;
ticket~, tag---s.Igionyse
Zug
Ordnance suppis gear, equipment;
udapatIgnition
apparatus;
!stuff; material; fireworks compositionprmg
Pstumaeo
Zoe:: Znt
Ordnlance Department
zuindbar
exploder, blasting machine
Nt:Zegamt wias in charge of weapons, ammunition,
military
Prcusson
itdift
lune
(ix
'vehicles and cl.othingsZunble
ecsinPugr(iz
Zeughaus
Arsenal;
ZrmorydZ"
aht
Priming wire
iZeugnis
Certificate; Janscript of trades
xadnto
ignite; detonate; fir~e
(school)a
ziebbar
demolition
charge; take
(uchoil)er
ductile
Zander
Tinderfogsal
'ihnto
draw-, pull
ZTdriZ)lndear,
dforge fscae (
Ziehen; Zichung
Drawing
Z"le Z)IntrM~)
Zi.ebzUnder
ue(h
Plfiigdvc
Li
.,(to
Pull fiigdeiend~)Z~der
set the fuze)
(elektrische)
Ziel
Eetia
~~Goal;
gie
target; objective; aim
E~edckFlsetia ignite(ro
ZieeinicbungSighting
mechanism
ZdrsntlugFalse
ogie
r
ping
ientoaim;
aught
Fz
etn
*Zielfernrohr
'L~efllzas;Z
Telescopic sight mechanism (Rf)
Zunefil~as;Zndeatz
Fuze filling; fuze com o
Zielgerin't; Zielvorrichtung
'Sighting mechanism; bomb sight
'use-~*Zielinunit ion
ito
Subcaliber ammunition; target
ZudreaFuze
body (Sh); fuze
practice ammunition
cover
(B3); fuze housing
Zielpurakt
n
Zielpuppc~~~~
orPraldeoiinqup
Target point; aiming point
Zidre~,tahrPral
eoiineup
etup.Target
dummy
m1.eat
Practice target
Zunder,
gesichetter
Mae met at safety (See
Zielachwarze
Bull's-eye
Zdrat
also Zunder, *charfer)
Ziffer~~~~
liuxc: number, cipher
Zu~xdeZhI"IsC
Zifferblart
odo
az;fe
ie
Dial (on instruments)
Cosin capfz- (Tipx;h"ead
Hoodrp
'Zink
:Zinc
dekpeCoigcp(iz;ha
*Zinknebel
HC smoke mixture (Zn dust 40 and
(PD Fz); upper cap (Clockhexachloroethane 6 0%);llerger Mixture
work Fz)
Zion
Tin
Zunadeutkorper
Zipfel
Body of a fuze
tip; poiot; end; lobe ; ear
Zgbaderlaufxeit
Time of functioning of a
ZolI
Inch (2.54 cm); duty; tariff; toll
fuze
C.-er 3.07
*
*
Zindetschutzlknppe
Z~ndet sprentkap gel 43
Znderstellu a cin e
Z.1
Z~drtlugFuzec
Z~ndertellerBody
Z~devojiht~A-mtrtan
7
'udezwsbe~uc
zdndfertig
aingr~
ZiU"ndgeiat 40, tragbar
Pcrwshatc
uze device)
Fuze
extension cap
fuzed; armed; ready for firing (Fz)
Demolition equipment
Portable demolition kit Pattern 40
LZindh~tchenldjse
Z-6ilhutchensatz;
Z6&ndhrcenzange
Zundkannl
Z~ndkapsel
Zundkegel
Z"ndkerze
Zandiae
Zudieh'Ignition
Zundladung (Zdlds; UdS)
Zundladung A, b, C/980
C/98Np, 36 and 4C
Zundladung No 4
Zendladungsitapsel
Zundiadungakorper
Zwidloch
Z~ndm e
-ignition
Zuodmaischine (Seealeo Gl;h.
zu-idapparat)
Zundmaaae
Zundmetall
26ndmittel
Zu~admittelkaaten Satz A,B,C
Zwlda'adel
ZinndSewehr
Z~ndpapier
ZiNodpatrone
Zuodpille
Zu"Atdtuiver
Zinr unkt
Zitiadrelit; Initlallmfpmlal
ZI~dro~ihrchen
Ziindeatz
Zu*ndschnuT (Zilschn) (See
also Zeitsebaur)
Z1ilnachnuraazilnder 29A.
29B, 29C
Z~dschnu', detonierend
Zudcr'eT
ndcfueTradpcsio
setting
Z~indacisaulben
Zidcrue
readcd perusiton
Putr
utter11,15i~
ileCase
Zijdstift
ZUndatoff
Zu"ndattahl
laiaugnero
prshimer
igiero
Induced detonation (Dem)
aFirditnge;d~etiognattiion (Ammo
emperature
Zundveratiiker
Zticidverbiadung: (Zdv)
Zu~adverteiler
Z~ndvorrichtung
Z~indwaren
a~ndwrme
zunehmender DrillI
Spark plug
Zuneigung
pellet
Zunge
Booster charge; gamne; ignition tube
See under Booster in descriptive
Zurrbolzen
pan
Zurrung
Ignition tube used in smoke generators and smoke grenadesanhrg
Detonator casing (Fz); primer
Zur~ckgleiten
container, primer charge housing
ZuAluckstossung
Detonator charge (Fz); primer
Zusammenfassung
compoitioncentration
Touchb htile; vent hole; flash hole
zusammeragefaastes Feuer
magneto
Blasting machine; exploder (Engr)
Zusammcrnsetzung
Ignition mixture; igniting compoZusainmenstoss
sition
Flammable metal (such as Mg,
Zusammenwirke
Al or Zr)
Igniter and fuse materials
Zusammenziehung
Fuses and accessories, type. A,B,C Zusatz (Zus)
Percussion needle; firing pin (Fx)apedxetnso
Needle Sun (invented in 1836 by
Zusatzgetriehe
N. von Dreyse)
Ignition paper
Zusnrzkartusche
ignition cartridge, p ercussion tube
Pellet of a detonating composition
Zumatzladung
in a cap
Priwing powder
Flash point
Zusatzmittel
initial impulse
Zusatratoff
Vent; channel to transmit fire
Powder train (Ammo or Dem); igZuschlog
aiter train (Pyro); fuze compositionchreadite
*Safety
fuse; lanyard; match cord
Zustand
Zustellung
Safety fuse lighter or igniter, type
Zutritt
29A, 2913, 29C
Dtnigfue
imod;Zuwacha
finto
Reinforcing igniter (See
in descriptive section)
Recp~(Fa
Distributor (Mot)
Priming arrangement;
igniting mechanism
Flammable goods
Heat of ignition
increasing twist; progressive rifling
Inclination; attachment
Tongue; jpoituet; needle
(of a balance)
Locking pin (G.)
Locking mechanism
(G or MG); seizing;
anchoral
Recusoil
pshn bc
Summary; reoumi; con(Arty)
Concentrated fire (Arty);
collective fire (SA)
Composition; synthesis;
chemical compound
Collision; encounter,
clash
Synchronization; coordination; working together
Contraction; shrinking
Addition; admixture;
Auxiliary eteansmsion;
auxiliary drive
Additional (secondary)
propellent charge
Adilitional charge; aur.
menting charge (Mor);
increment (in SL Ammo)
Addition agent; reagent
Admixed material; material
for admnixing
Addition; increase; extra
Stcarge; aodmixtio;itato
Delivery
Access; admittance;
admission
Increase; increment; growth
(Ocr 10A
1Aincsghisa
ZwillingsNG-Drehturm
hr1-q$'inocular
Bipod (MG)
iweibejo
:'.wejdcht~
/.Zweielektrodenrohre
Zwei leitung; wigij
.rl
~weimtorigtwin-egn
Vwei-Ohr-Vcriahren
zweipliasis
zweipalr~hre
* Zweirad
Zweitakt mot or
zweivertilt
Zw~.~ageCutting
S'~willing (Zw)
* !!~ggetel
williro'.lafette
*Zwillingsl'aufe:
Zviillingsmaschinctigewehr
Zwillingssalz
lin,~,.Zwillinaaf
Usdn
(Amaerican and British)
Utte
nthe
Pteceding Vocab.lary and in the List of
German Abbreviations which'Follows
Zwiaige
Zwinser
Zwirn
Zwiruband
Zwirnfadenbund
zwischen
Zwischenbodengeschoss
Zwischenlage
Zwischenptodukt
Zwischenstu'ck
Zwischenstule
Zwischenzeit
-.
Zwischenzustand
Zyanwasserstoffsa'ure
Zylinderpulver tZylp)
Zylinderverschluss
References:
1) Krupp-Vrtserbuch (Deutsch-Firanzliaisch-Engli ach),
Fr. Krupp, Essen (1938-1942)
I Teil: Feld-, Grbirgn- uadcFlugalbwelirgeschiltze;
11 Tail: Eiaenbabnartillearie, MaschinenwaIfe, Panzerkampfwatzn, Ballistic, Sonderger~it, etc
2)AoGrilsevm174,Rihdukri
Berlin (1943)
LIST OF
GERMAN ABBREVIATIONS (Abkdrzungen)
..OF ORDNANCE AND RELATED TERMS
(In collaboration with K. F. Kempf of Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland)
A
A; Abw
At;Art
A(when following projectile designation; white
Abwelar
Artilierie
Ausstosslalung
Dtfcnse
Artiller7
Fxpclling cha~rge of a shrapnel ot smoke projectile
lichllodung A, B, and C
Tyn-:
-A hollow char ca
A-I
Aggregat Eirs
Aggregate No 1
Note: A-i was the first successful liquid-propellent :ocket developed at the Rocket Development Cen,.ct at Kummersdorf West
A-4
Aggregat Vier
Aggregate No 4
Note: A-4, commonly known as V-2,vas one of the most succetssful liquid-propellent rockers (See V-2 in the description'section)
aA; AA
site Art
of old type or pattern (See also nA and nF)
All
Abwurfbehs"Iter
Aerial bomb crntainer
'Examples: AB 23 SD2Z; AD 24 SD 2, AD 36, AD 42. AD 500-113, AB 500-3A, etc [TM 9-1985-2(1953). pp 95-108 and 11-1191
AD (black stencilling on
,Ausatossbiichse (Kanonengranate tot
SE oke canister ejected from projectile on burot (Gun shell
*aprojectile, such as 'KGr
A)with
red &tmoke canister)
rot AD)
Abk
'Abk rzung
Abbreviatioi.
Abpr, Abr
Abprallet
Ricochet; ricochet burst
Abr
Abrintiung
Demobilization; disarmament
Abs
Absen'der
Sender
abolabsolut
absolute
Absch Ger
Abschussgerit
Grenade launcher
ADSt
.Artillerie-Beobachtttassstelle
Artillery Observation post
Abt; Abtlg
Abteilung
Section; detachment; department
Abw'
Abwehr
Defence
Abz
Abzug
TrigSger; retreat
ac
anTU curreatis
of the current year
ACB (au:h ts in
Marking on it plastic PDFz in 80 mm smoke mnrtar shell
WGR AT ACB)
(Vurfsranatenzi~ndet Trolitul ACB)
[TM 9-1985-3(1953), p 5911
aid
an der
on the; at the
aD
ausser Dinast
retired
adD
auf dem Dienstmege
Through official sources, hog canl
AD
Armneedolch
Army dagger
Adj'
Adjutant
Adjutant
Adra
'Admiral
Admiral
ADO
Aligemeine Dienstordaung
General Service Regulations
Adr
Adresse
Address
Ae;
*
XAethet;
Xther
Ether
AEG
See under Varplants ftdescriptive section)
seW1; kJW
aeussere (2ussere) Weite
outside diameter
Af1
' Artillenieflieger
t -tillery air observer; Artillery spotting flier
AG
Ato~jewicht
Atromic weight
A-G
Aktienglessellachaft
joint stock Company;, Open corporation
AGFA;, Agfa'
A -G f6i Anillafarbenfabrikatlon
Anlline Dye WManufoctusing Corporation
AG*
Anschiess eschos.
sighting projectile
AHA
Aligerneines Ifeeresanir
General Army Office
Alto
Auineehauptquartier
Army Headquartcra
AK
Anmeekorps
Army Corps
akt
aktiv
active; on duty
Al
Aluminium
Aluminum
*AI(black stic illing'folow-' Aluminiurngrieus
Designation of an HE shell containing sonic granula.7 Al
lag the dossigaation of shell
flash producer
7.5 cm Geb~r 15 Al)
ALI:
Alk
Am~
*Am
AnimonStill
aM
arm
AMI.
.anil
An
An 60/40
Ant
Anfteschw
Avigew Chem
VAnn
Arb
Anlh
AnhW
Aril
Anm; Anmerle
Ann
Anp
ANR
ansch
Puitt
7Ansch
Anst
Anz
Ariz
ANZ
AN72
AO
A0
-All
ApAppppaa
AR
Ar; AR
ARDR
A/R
Ark
official
Trinitroanisole (TNAns)
TNAns 60 and Am nitrate 40%
Bcpinning
Initial velocity; muzzle velocity
Applied Chemistr y (journal)
Appendix; supplement
Trailer; supporter; follower
Traile~r
Plant; establishment
Remark; footnote
Annahme
Acceptance; receipt
Artillericoffizier
Ago
Arcilleriepunkt
Arti llerie regiment
Arado
MaigukontusDesignation
am Rhein
ArtkuiinAmmo,
Arm
Arme.e
arm
armiert
Ars; As
Arsenal
Airs
Arsenik
Art; AxtI; A
Artillerie
'Artillerieachiear~platz
Art SchPl
Anfordertingssignii,
AS
Attswertestelle
ASt
Atmosphilre
At;, Atm
Attachi
Att
Attrape
'Atcr
* AilAtmosph'&reniiberdruck
Aussenbordmotor
Aubo
Aufbau
Aufb
uflAuflage
Aufaahmic
ufn
Auftref f
A uft,
Ausbeute
Ausb
Ausbildung
**
Ausb
Ausbrennung
*
,uobr
**
Ausfuihrens
*
*Auaf
Ausgabe
*Ausg
Ausriltung
Ausr
autem Cewj
AVA
AV
OZ.
AZ Az
autromatische,
eer~Cf
See under Warplants, etc (des ,riptive section)
Abwehrwcrfer
Defense smoke shell mortar
auf 7Zu,,
Temnporary
Aucfsclnzalin
Acetyl number
AZ; x
Auachlltz~iderPetcussion
fuze; PDFz
PI)Fz for shelia with billistic cap
AZ fur ilaubengranate
lbr
4zf1~
A~fW
AZ fUr leichte Wurfmine
[I)Fz~ for light mortar shell
* AZfmExMR
AZ f&r eittlere Exrerziermine, Rauch
PDFz for medium practice mine, with smcke
AZ 39K
Aufschlagz~nder 39, Klappensicherung PD fuze, pattern 39 with centrifugal safety device
AZmK
AZ mit Kappe
Capped percussion f uze
AZmV
AZ nut Verzbgerung
Delay action percussion fuze
AZmVfKGrmP
AZ mit Verz~gerung fur Kanonengranate 1Delay PDFz for cannon shell with armored head
mit Panzerkopf
* AZoV
AZ oboe Verzogerung
Nondelay percussion iuze
A 29oVmt(AushazdeohcVrgrug
French impact fuze without delay with tappet (hammer)
~mit St~ssel (franz~sisch)
AZ 38 St
Aufschlasgzinder 38, Stahl
Steel PD fuze, pattern 38
A 701A..~il
vinvl Rrennz'undet
Time and percussion fuze (TPFz) (lit Impact and
burning fuze)
AZ 23unugAZ
23 umngeltndert mit zwei Vet "gerun-PDFz 23, modified, with two delays
gen
AZ 2 3v (0.15)
AZ 23 vereinfaclit mit 0.15 Sektunden
PDF7 23, simplified, with 0.15 seconds delay
Verzogetung
* AZ 23 Zn
Aufachlagzlnder 23, Zink
Zinc PD fuze, pattern 23
B
B; Bat; Batts
B
(b)
13Beutel
[B
B;Bu
B; 1BU1
BlE, BIEZA and B31EZB
B1.3E, B1.3EZA and
Bl.3EZB
B2EZ and B2.2EZ
BA
Baj
BAK; Ball AK
Ball
Bell
Baoa; BatI
bins
BASF
B-B (such as SC 250-B)
Bb; Beob
BD
Bd
Bd
1JDC
BdG; Bd Gesch
BdGr
1BdZ
BdZd 3.7 cm Pzgr
BEBesondere
Be; Bet'
Fefb
BeGr, Betgr
beb; behelfam
BdStz (such a. an
DOV BdScs 15)
Blatteric
Bau
belgisch
Bombe
Buchse
Bfichse
Bombe I E, etc
8lombe 1.3E, etc
Battery
Construction.
Belgian (Marking on equipment)
Bag; pouch
Bomb
Jack; hushing; socket (Rad)
Rifle; canister; shot gun; tin can
Typepe of I kg Inc bombs (TM 9-1985-2, p 48)
Typeis of 1.3 kg Inr bomb- (TM 9-1985-2, p 49)
-r( kl 2
lleildg
fieiw
ikilBeiageAnnex;
lelingIncrement
beiwBeiwageat
BeI
cidi
Behigerung
PcIPelastung
Bet
B~erl
Bes
BeshI
bbespesao
Bet
Bet; Betr
BetGr; Betgr
Bett; Bet
Berlin
Besatiung
Besclse ssung
Bett Gesch
Beutelkart (such as in
French 10.5 crnshell)
:Bew
Bcz; Bz
bezw; bzw
:Bf; Bhf
Bfh
BGesch
13gwBergwerk
Bettungspesch'a'tz
lleutelkartusche
Bhr~eatt Bohreiuf
See Be
Beresoperational
See BeGr and GrBe
Bettung
Bewaffaung'
Berzirk
beziehungaweise
Bahnhof
Befehlshaber
Beobachtu.nggeschoss
ohrpstones
TB
eclosure. jappeudix
charge; booster charge
at;ncar; about; with
Side car
Si. 5,..
Load; charge; b)urden
Reports of the German Chemical ociety (Title of a
journal). CpIled now "Chemiache lierichte"
Mounmted
Berlin
Garrisona; crew
Firing; shelling; bombardment
horse-driven
lit (such a t:
[it C 25. A
*
*
Atf(w-hite stenicilling)
K t e
IRB
3gr; BrGr m
Brgr;mL'spr
rgr mL'spur
flr gr o L a u
lirK
BridS
kBr~rs
BiNK
Brpzr
llrpzgr
B~rSahrtz
D*SJgr;cBrsrpar
IirSp rg r;
rP gr
Br~rgr
ar L'purin en
(such in* 15 mmnMG-151)
lBtancbombe
Asz;B-,B
Bsat
Breschuss
Beschuasparr
Bs~ar
BechuspatoreProof
i3SB (such P~BSII-360, B~SB700 and BSB-1000)
BSK (such as BSK-36)
C
C (such saaCA, C/2 . ..
C/12 etc)
C (such as
SC 1000-C 'llermann")
-C;
CZ; ChZtr Ca
C-Geach
C1.1
Chin
ChiamZ; cU7
ChZtr, CZ; C
CMZ 41
'ML~IWChcmnisch-mcchanischer
CPVA
CPVA
Cu (white stencilling)
C-7.,8,Zugmaschir~e
Ziunder 41W
See under
Kupfer
I&f s:'hwerste Artillerie
D
D; Dpf
Dampfer
Daeurfeuer
(d)deutsch
D
*1)
*
1); Din
) (in fuze dJx.ignation
lIbgr Z 35D)
D (in isn.I ter desintion,
DZ 151
DA (in fuze desig nations,
such as DAAZ)
1) A -G
* *din)d'a'nisch
bap
DP-,; )F
DD Gesch; Dd~eisch'
*Iep
Deut (Ceach); Dr
*Dent (Putt)
Di.,See
DFS
Di
*DisI
*Dig); D iSgillD
* iIBIP
DigIP
DigIPV
Digl RGP
Digi RP
D~igI StrP
DIN
DL
DLII
DM .Adamait
*Do
Do (tu'ch as in'
15 ca Do Ger 38
DOP
DOP 15 WIu (Digl)l
DopZ; DoppZ; DZ
DoppZ inK
DoppZ nF
DoppZ S/60
Dopr Z S160 Fl
DoppZ S160 Geb
Dichte
See Digi
Durchinesser
Steamer
Continuous fire
German (marking on equipment)
Specific gravity, density
Diameter
Rocket nose fuze under BC, (See in TM 9-1985-3, p 585)
ljlaubengranatenz'6nder 35D)
Druck
Pressure type igniter (TM 9-1985-2, pp 295-6
(Druckzuinder 35)
Diet
kin(iet
kinDesignates
a direct action fuze, such as VA Impact Fuze
AufschI9&ziinder)
(TM 9-1985-3, pp 552, 555, 556, 561)
Dynamit Akctiengesellschaft
Dynamite joint Stock Co
Danish (matking on equipment)
Dapolin
Trademark of motor fuel
Dreibein; Dreifuss
Tripod
Dumdumgeschoss
Dumdum builet
Depesche
Telegram
Deutgeschoss
Projectile giving on burst a cloud of .oelored smoke serving
ais indicator
LDeutpatrone
Indicator csrt;!Idge, such as for grenade pistol
OB
See under Vaiplants (descriptive section)
Dinitiobenzol
Dinitrobenzene (DNB)
Diglykolnittat
Diethyleneglycoldinitrate (DEGDN)
Diglykolpulver
Double-base propellant DEGDN-NC, stabilized with centralite.
with K sulfate added to reduce flash
Diglykol Blllttchenpulver
DEGDN-NC (double base) square flake propellant
See DigI
Diglykolpulver, verbessert
DEGDN-NC, imoproved propellant
Diglykol Ringpulver
DEGDN-NC (double-base) propellant(a circular disc with a
central hole)
Diglykol R"Ihreopulver
DEGDN-NC (double base) tubular propellant
Diglykol Streifenpulver
DEGDN-NC (double base) strip propellant
Deutsche lndustrie Normen
German industrial standards
Doppellafette
Two-barreled mount
Deutsche Lufthansa
Designation of a German commercial air line
Diphenylaminchlorarain
Adainaite (CWS)
Dornier
Designation of airplanes manufd by Dornier Co
Marking on 150 mm smoke shell mortar 38
15 cm DO Gerlt 38
Iuch
u i UMarking
on a DEGDN propellant used in mortar ammo
(Recognition Handbook for German Ammunition Sup Hqs
Doppelzunoder
Doppelzaader mit Klappen siclie.ut-p
Doppelz~inder neue Fenriguiag
Doppelz.~nder, Sekunden 60
Doppelzinder Sekunden 60, Flickraftantrieb,
Doppelz~inder, Seltunden 60, Gebirgagcschlultz
Doppelzi~der, Sekunden 60, acbwer!
DoppZ S/608!
DOY(infue designaikon
such as DJZ DOV)
(Bodenziado-r DOV)
DOV (in bouste de'signation -~Marking
DOV ZdlS C/9SNp
*DOV
Ztindladung, Construktion go,
'Nipolit)
IWOi~
Dr
D)R
DR
ORP
DIT angem
1)/See (such as in'
* NC 50 D/See
* DST; DSt
St (Geach)
Du
fu
D
DuW
DV
DVA
DVA
* DWM
Dyn
:DZ
D.Druckz~nder
.DY. W-A)
l)Z 35 (B)
DZG'
Doctor
Deixtsches r~eich
See pig! RP
Deutach,-s Reichspatent
Deutsches Reichspatent angeineldet
German State
German State Patent
E
FEinfeuer
'(E) (when marked on projectiics or weapors)
E; El
E
E
F e'
(e)
E
E (such a:s in
B.ZE)
E-4
EAZ
Ec
*E-Flak
*F.HZ
Ei (black stencilling)
E,ihgr
EinlLf; El
*EinlR
Eismi
EK;Es;Ezr
EKZ
EKz; EKZ; EKZdr
El; E
EL
EL
Eisenhnlin
Elektrisch
Elektron
Elektron
empfindlich
engliach
Entferaung
eMarking
(Brennzu~nderE)
Enzian-4
Emtrpfindlicher Aufschlagr~nder
IW
'Eisenbahn-Flugzeugabwehrlcsnone
Empfindlicher Haubitzzi~der
Einschiessgeschoss
Eie'rbandgranate
Einlegelauf
Einlegerohr
See FIEsMi
iebanofxldrPD~z,
te,mplindlicher Kamonenz~oder
of~nder
umfnuce
electrisch
Erdlkainpflafette
Irsatz Lafette
EIAZ; eIAZ
eIRDZ
EIZ; elZ
EIZZ; eIZZ
elkrshrZeitz'u'ider
Em; EMG
Entferaungsmesegerlat
EMK
Elektromotorischektaft
EMP
ENZen
nation Mkt35
use dei-
ENZ 3/40)
Aiming post
iEntfernungslatte
E-Latte
cti
Election
An allcy of Mg and Al used as an incendiary (See also ET)
sensitive
English (marking on equipment)
Range; distance
on a friction, pull-type igniter (TM V-1905-2, p 284)
automatic pinto]
Marking op a Czech PD fuze used in German 47 mm shell
(,cr 116
VP
EI'I.'p
*Efr Erstp
ERI)Z
*Etas
ELtsR11; EP'
Errsst; Est
ER7; ER
FRZ 39
Es
EsI..
LSMiZ-40
ESN
'Est
LIElektron-Thermix
4
EV
Ex. (red sta'ncilling)
ExB
Ex%1u
ExPetr
'EXRZ f BNM
EZ
EZ
'EZ
EZ-44
Einheitspulver
F;Fahr
Fahrenheit
F; FS
Fallachirm
F; Fd
Feld
F (black stencilling)
Fernladung
F (in projectile designation Ferngeschoss (Feldlmaubitzegranatie
such as ENGr F)
Verogeschoss)
F ( Such as in
Fertigung
DoppZ nF)
(DpesInder neue Fertigunf)
F
-Fliehbolzen
F Fl
See Fl; F and also Fg
F; Flzg
See Flzg
F (in FZ)
See FZ
(0fran~nisch
.1III
F25
uriie251
;F-55,
Feuerlilie 55)J
*FA; FdA; Fda; Felda
Feldnrtillerie
FA (such as, in flare
Fa'Ischirmleuchtbombe
MAC 50OFA)
.(Mark C 50 FA)
'Fab; Fabr, Fbr
Fabrik
*F & L
Franken und Lunenschlosa
FAZ
~Ferniadung Aufschlagz'under
F1
FUbrungsband
FB (such of in flare: FB 50) Fallschirmleuchtbornbe (FB 50)
F b; Flieb
FA
FdA
FDO
* Fdw
*See
* Fe; Fernspr
Feba; FE
Fliehholzen
See F; 14d
See FA
Felddienstordriung
Fldw
Fernsprecher
Feldeiaenbahn
Fahrenheit
Parachute
Field (of battle)
Indicated a shell to be fired only with super charge of propellant
Long range shell or propellant (for a field howitzer)
Construction
(Time-percussion fuze, new construction)
Centrifugal safety pin
See FA
F eltdg; Feldgend
Peldiw
I,'Fl
Peld;
Fepo
Fernf
esh
FES(whte
tenillng,
such as'in 10.5 cm FIIGr
38 FES
FeSSB
Fest
!7es'tkr
Feu
Feuerw
Fcue!-'
FEW (white stencilling such
as in 15.2 cm Sprgr FEW)'
FF
FF
FF (MK)
4ki-l
leld.ttlhrege~itField
artillery tequipment
Feldgendarrn; Feldgendarmerie
Military policeman; military police
See Fldw
See t'nder Warplan-s, etc in descriptive part
Feldpolizei
Field polAice
Fernfeuer
Long-range fire
Fernschen
Television
FiilrungsringSiuitcreisen (10.5 cm
Sintered iron rotating band(such as in 105 mm field howitzer
Feldhauhitzgtanate 30 FES)
shell 38 FES)
Fesselballon
Captive balloon; sausage balloon
Festurig
Fortification; fortress- fort
-Festungskrieg
Siege warfare
Feuer
Fire
Feuerwaffen
Firearms
Feiitrwerlcer
Ordnance sergeant
*
Fiihrungsring,Weicheisen (15.2 cm
Soft iron rotating band (in 152 mm HE shell)
Sprenggranate FE.W)
FestungLaflak
Fortress AA gun; stationary AA Sun
FlugzcugflI1Ugel
Wing of an airplane
(Maschinenkanone) im FlUgel
Rapid fire cannon in the wing of an airplane
e~ines Flugzeug
FFA
See under Warplants, etc (descriptive section)
FFM (.such as'
Marking on a 20 mmn AC machine gun
.2 cma MG rFM)
.(2
cmn Maschinengewehr FFM)
F8,'F~st
Ffthrgo'meIl
Chassis
FG; FC~esch
Felclgescl.Gtz
Field piece; field gun
FG; FGew; FSJC-42
'Fall schiimj" ger Gewehr-42
puratroop fully automatic rifle
Fg; Tl; FIS
Fliehgewichtsantrieb
operated by centrifugal force (Fz)
*
(AZ Zerl Fg)
(Aufschlagz"nder, Zerleger, Flacl,PD faze, self- dretroyinv; rentrifugal (TM 9-1985-3. p 546)
Sewichtsantrieb),
(ZtZ S/30 Fg)
Zeitzu~nder, Sekunden 30. FliehMechanical time PD fuze in Which the motive power was deSewichtsantreib
rived fcom centrifugal force; 30 seconds delay (TM 9-1985-3,
p 597)
EFGesch
Ferngeschoss
Long range projectile
FgW-43
Festurgswerfer 43
Fortress mortarufixed mortar
FGIZ
See uader Warplants, etc (descriptive section)
PH
Feldhaubitze
Field howit~er
* FIIGi Nb
I cldbaubitzgranate Nebel
Field howitzer smoke shell
FHG: Stg
Fcldbaubitrgrtanate, Stahiring
Field howitzer shell, steel ring
FHSL-nr
F c Id~haubit ZaCh.-pntl
81
-1, hmwitr,- qhrannel
Fhz
Fshrieug
Vehicle
Fi
Fieseler
Designation of airplanes manufactured by Fieseler Co
FK
Federkapsel
Cap over a spring
FK
Feldicanione
Field cannon
.Flt
Funk
Radio
FKFS
See under Warplantm (descriptive section)
F!; FIS
FI&Sgg
Flag
Fl; F (such as in
FliehkraftziLder.Fliehgewicbrsantrieb
Centrifugally operated fuze ~Time-percussion fuze, 60 seconds
DoppZ S/60 Fl)
(Doppelzriider,5cksinden 60, Fliehburuning time, centrifugal)
gewichtaantrieb
rim
Fltigzeugabwchr
AA defense
Flacbif
Flachfeuer
Flat trajectory fire
FI&DrMG
Fliegerabwehr-Drei fachmaschi neaAA triple machine gun
Bewehr
Fla
.Flugzeustabwelitkanone
AA cannon; AA gun
Flakvilerling 38 (2 cm)
2 cm Flugabwehr-Vierling
20 mmnFour-barreled AA Sun
Flugobwehtmanchineavalfen
Automatic AA weapons
Plain
incendiary bomb filled with flnmmable oil
Flam (B) (such is- C.2',0)
Flammen8l Bombe
Jet motor mounted on a wing
FIDU
Flugeldilse
Meaning unknown to us
Fiiegerdrehstrutze
FlDrSt
Master Sergeant
F7eidwebel
Fldw; FeIJw; Fdw;' Fw
Glass bottle antipersonnel land mine
Flascheneismine; Eismine
FlEisMi; FlEslW1; EsMi
(FlEisMi 42)
(FlisAceneismire 42)
(Glass bottle A/P mine 42)
FlllsMi
-I~eu
F".M;FlMi
FI1Wt
FlrMi 41; FITrMi 41
t'''
Pressure igniter for A/P glasti buttle mine (TM 9-1985P 307)
l'arachute-flare
signal csartridge
Fin-stabilized mortar proiectile
'lg-lmine,,werfpr
Flusstrribmine 4!
Flugboot
Flugzeug
Flamtnenwerfer
Feldmarschall
FMG
FMG
FmW
FoFli
Fp
FpO2
Fp 5
F1, SRltp.rWi.-r
Fp 60/40
Fp C/02
FPatr
Frw
FS; Fschm
FSchr
Fsp
Fst; Fs
FSt; FuSt; FS
Fernmessgerit
Range finder
Flugzeugabwehrmaschinengewehr
Rapid-fire AA machine gun
See FIW
See under Warplants (descriptive section)
Fiullpulver
Filler, filling explosive; bursting charge
FPllpulver 02
1902 pattern filling (TNT)
Fjlipulver 5
TNTcontg5% wax
RR
1RRR pattern flling (Cast P A)
F,1lpulver 60/40
60/40 filling (TNT 60 and Am nitrate 40%)
FUllpulver C/02
Same as Fp 02
Feldpatrone
Field gun cartridge tfixed ammunition)
Feuerwe;ker
Artificer; ordnance sergeant
Fallsehirm
Parachute
Feld-Schrapnell
Field gun shrapnel
Fernsprecher
Telephone
Festung
Fortress; fort; fortification
Funkstelle; Funkenstation
Radio station
SI
.See FlEis Mi
Si~'. ~esess~ji~,wnAZnder
I
ht2,
Jal %chirnleuPzhtpatrone
FFialucht
FluIgelmine
F-Se.ff
Tiranrt.traehlnriA
FSTr
ru
Fallschirmtruppen
Funk: Funker
FuMG
Funkmessgerit
See FSt
Funktrupp
Funkrurm
Fenerverteilung
See Fldw
Focke-Wulf
"FuSt
FuTr
FuTu
Fvtg; Fvtl; Fvt
Fw
FW; Fw
FZ (such as
Of.'60)
Radar
Signal Corps detachment
Radio sending tower
Fire distribution
Designation of airplanes built by Focke-Wulf Co
Marking cn a clockwork aer'al burst fuze (See in
Th! 9-1985-2, p 186)
(F Zinder 60)
G
G
G; Ger
G; Gesch
G; Gesch
G; Gew
G; g
G; Gr
G (propelling charge stencilling)
"G98; Gew 98
Gamma-M'es
Gbd; Geb
Gbh
GB; GBomb
GDrH.
Geb; Gb
Geb (in fuze designation
AZ 23 Geb)
GebG; GebGesch
GebGr
GebH; Gebilaub
GebiG; GebJG
GebK
Gas
Geriat
See Gs
Geschiitz
Gewehr
Gramm
Granate
Pulvermasse G (Gallwitz)
Gas
Equipment; apparatus; device
Gun; cannon
Rifle
Gram
Shell; grenade
Propellant with a standard heat of explosion (690 kcal/kg)
Gewehr 1898
Rifle, model 1898
Gamma Mgrser
420 num Heavy mortir
Geb'*ude
Building
GUterbahnhof
Freight yard
Gasbombe
Chemical bomb
Gasdruckhbilse
iligh-pressure cartridge
Gebirg
Mountain
Gebirga(,Aufachlagzunder 23,Gebirgsgeachutz) Mountain(PD fuse 23 for mountainordnance)
GebirgsgeachuJtz
Gcbirgsgranate
Gebirgahmubitze
Gebirgainfanteriegesch~tz; Gebirgsjsgergeschitz
Gebirgskanone
Mountain gun
Shell for mountain gun
Mountain howitzer, pack howitzer
Mountain infantry gun; or howitzer
Mountain cannot.
(;ef
Geht'dx
6efreiter
'i'
tcballtelailung
so
34Pt[reg~cd
gel; Gel
G-1; GelK
gel
Gemrol"
Gen
G enStb1l
gheimsecret
;4clader,
relbkreuz
geliefert
6,teindepolizci
General
Cieneralstab des Heeres
loaded
Vellow cross (Ger marking on vesicants)(Cg's)
deli.'pred
Tiownship police; local police
General
Army General Staff
gt'p; 91p
gcrpanlseff
armored
geb
Equipment
Oer~t
Ger; C.
Projectile; missile
Geschoss
Gesch: G
Piece; gun; cannon
Geschilez
Gesch. G
Gun foundry
Ceschiitzgivsserci
GeschGiess
Secret state police
Geheime Staatspolizei
Gestapo
Rifle
Gewehi
Gew; Gwr; G
Rifle grenade
Gewehirgranate
cew~r; Og
Grenade rifle
Gewehigranatengewehrf
6ew~rGew
lHE rifle grenade
Ge~'~pgrGewehrsprenggranate
rifled
gezogen
ges
Shell factory
Gescboscifabrik
Of
Gun factory
6G-icbitzfabrilr
GeachFabr
Gf
Field marshal
General feldmarsc hal
OFU
Weight of projectile
Geschoasgewicht
Og
See Gew~r
C;g
Cast Iron
'Grauguss
Ga. Ge
A/T rifle grenade
Gewehrgranate Panzer
GgP; Ge*.GrPz
Gar grenade
Gasgranate
OGs, Ggr
See GebH
OH
See GebK
UK
Cartridge case
G'KrtGewehrkartusche
Armored combat venicle
gepanzerte Kampffahrzeuge
OKF
Self-propelled gun mount
G eacbi~tzkraftwngen
GKw
District leader
Gauleiter
smooth; even
51Blatt
Direct current
Gleichatrom
61; Gtst
Weight of live projectile
.dgGewichtladung
i GU
Full-track vehicle
Gleiskettenfahrzeus
Gleisk
Full-track armored vehicl e
Gleisketten-Panzerfahrzeu .
GleiakPr
Smooth-boie gun
Glattes Geschutz
glGesch
*rrnc~er with glowing composition dimn tracer
Glimmspur
CGlimmleuchtspur;
GL'spur, GI'spur
Low tension electrical igniter
Glilh~ncder
Smooth bore mine-thrower shell
glatte 'durfmine
gIVM
Gas mask'
Gasniaske
Gra
Major General
Generalmajor
GM
Gesellachaft mit beschrIlnkter Haftung Company with limited liability; limited company
GmbH
Mine made from a shell
Geschossmine
GMi
Desiqnation of airplanes bbl*t by Gothaer Vaggonfabrik
Gotha
*Go
armored
Sepanzert
9P
DrJ.GDN propellant developed in 1930's by General Uto
Gallwitz Pulver
GP; G Pulver
Gallwitz (See "G" Pulver in descriptive section)
Grenade; shell; projectile
Granate (See also Sprgr)
Gr; G
gray
Stall
or
Frontier
Grenze
Gr
Grosslae
g, Or
gr
:Staln
green
Granatbllcbse
Gil43
SrBIP
GReis*
Grf
Orf 8B
Grf 02
Gritz
aneeeo
grobes Blirtchenpulver
Gwer Reichaweite Granste
Grantiflillung
Granatfillung sB
Gtanatf~illung 02
Gr'"kakruz
Auticoncrete shell
Propellant in large Olakes
Long-range rifle ;tenade
Shell filling, bursting Charge of a projectile
Shell filler, pattern 1858 (picric acid)
Shell filler pattern 1902 (TNT)
Green cross (CWS)
(;fr 120)
grl.dg
(3cof
I t~tr(Sce also Sprgt Part)
Gtundldg
GrGCruantwerfer
GrwSling
Cr2Granatz"nder
Ladanng
grosser Flarnmenwerfcr
Coranate Patrone
Griundladung
5osbe
Geanatv. etfcrfu'nfling
SrZdilg
G N; G; Gecstl
Gu; Gup
grosse 7A'indladung
Geschass
Gudolpulver
Gul3Ip
GuRP
GwFSLtGr
6 w~rGer
Gwr
G wWit
GwrSprgr
Guidoibl~t~tchenpulver
Gudolr8'brenpulver
Gewehr Fallschirm Lcuchtgranate
Gewehrgranateger~t
See Gew
See GewGr
See GewSprgr
See fHb
llatbitze
Hauptmann
Heer
gehlrtret
~h)holl~adisch
Hexogen 5, etc
115; 1110; H115 etc
15
d 15 (H50 + p2tha~n
1115
I
5001)
Hexogeik-Aluminium
HA
Hexogen-Aluminium 41
IIA-41
HaHamburg
Hafen
Haf; Hf n
Hafthohlladung
Hlaft; HaftlUdg
'Hafthohlladunag, Hexogen 3US
_1laft 113
'Halbpanzergranate
Halbpzger
See Ho; fHbe
liaube
Hiauptkarusvche
Hauptrart; HptKart
Haube
kib; Hibe; 1-laube
Hbf; Hbhf
libgr, HbGr
HbgrZ
HbSchr
Hdb
Hdfw
IHdGg
lidgr
IIDI or V-3
He
HF
l~fl-ecresfahrzeug
If Flak
HFu
llgr; PAGr
"G4r
HGrZ;- HbgrZ
HG.
Al (black stencilling)
HlK; Hiart; HI~sKart,
IlL
lit (black stencilling); IlL;
IfldS
HI/A; Ill/B & 1ll/t
Hauptbahnhof
Haubengranate
Haubegransteazu~nder
Haubenschropnell
'Handbuch
Hsndfeuerwaffe
See Hgrr
Hiandgriff
Hochdruckpunpe
Heinkel
liocbfrequenz
lleereuflugabvwehrlcanone
HeereswFnatelle
Ulnedgroonate
Haubitxgranate
HaubitxetrantatentUnder
Holigeschoss
Hartkern
ti~eenkattuoche
ff~ngelafette
Hohilladung
11ohilladungen A, B and C
Large charge
Heavy flaine-thr)wer (on two-wheel carrier)
Fixed sammunition H-E shell
Main charge; base charge
A/T grenade rifle; grenade projector; mortar
Five-barreled automatic inortar
Fuze for lIE shell
Large igniting charge; large primer
Projectile
Double base DEGDN-NC, l-1w calorific value,propcllant
containing about 30% Gudol (niu~og tani.Iine)
Gu propellant in the form of squqre flakes
Gu tubular propellant
Illumiosrting parachute rifle rrenade (TIA 9-1985-2, p 339)
kiflu- grenade equipment
Howitzer
Captain
Army
hardened
RDX
Dutch (mark on equipment)
RD'. 1 5, etc per cent wax
Hollow charge contetining 15 kg 50/50-P.DX/TNT mixtute
RDX-AI explosive
RDX-AI explosive pattern 41
Designation of airplanes built by Blohm & Voss Co, Hamburg
Port, hurbor
Magnetic antitank hallow charge
Magnetic HoC, 3kS RDX
SAP projectile (literally Half armor-piercing)
Main propelling charge in non-f ixed amnmunitio
Ballistic cap (false cap or windshield) on some larger
caliber shells (TM 9-1985-3, p 491)
Main depot; main RR station
Shell with ballistic cap (BC)
PDFz for use under BC
Schrapnel with BC
Handbook; rianual
Small fire arms
Handle
See in descriptive section
Designation of airplanes built by leinkel Co
High frequency (Rad)
Army vehicle
Army AA gun
Army radio station
Hand grenade
Howitzer she~l
Fuze for howitzer shells
Wooden shell (dummy)
Tungsten core (lit Hard core)
Cartridge (in non-fixed ammo) as
opposed to bag
Suspended sun mount
Hlollow charge (HoC) ouch as A/T projectiles; shaped
charge
Types of hollow charges (See TM 9-1985-3,
pp 407, 411, and 313)
7.ld
*
I IL L~~~
lolil) adl of.g shombe
12.%g
50 rlohilladung
12. kg
loliedresuitionsnstkg
kIAg5 '
hiMAheremntosnc1
l~
Millcremnitjne
IIMLlleeesmnirinsiigerArmy
lIP
llpt; lUptst
liptKart;' klauptKart
lipt LUg
iiptni
llptWm
lPrgr
1lPg
1hl1gP
his
lisc Ihr
HIT
IITA
Hensc'hd Co
Howitzer shrapnel
Turret howitzer (See also IeHT)
RDX-TNT-AI explosive mixture
1; lnf
1; Ing
(i)italienisch
IdA
IG; IGesIch
I G
IGFarbers
iJim
iKL;iWasl~af
Marl
ci&L;
Ammunition Depot
Listening post
Chief, principal
Cupitatl
Main propellart charge in ammunition other than fixed
Base charge of blasting cup of detonator (lit main charge)
Captain
First sergeant (Arty or Cavy)
SAP projectile
Retaining ring
Propellant in rings for light field howitzer
-eigatn
of airplanes and guided missiles built by
flaubitz-Schrapnell
liaubitze-in-Turm
liezogenkTrotyl- Aluminium
HlK; liKart, etc
lldia1:u~See
Hut (such as in
AZC (l~utP*3)
IIWA; !lWaA
II4Z
hIzg*.
IGesch
IGK
IVr
lgrZ
'IHL
WoodIen mine
lorchpofnen
llaupt
llauptstadt
llauptkartusclie
Ilauptladung
hlluptmann
llauptwachtmeister
lialbpanzergranate
Haltering
llaubitz-Hingpulver
h~en-rhel
*llpt
ohm
Prepared fhoC, 12.5 kg TNT
Prepared lHoC, 50 kg, in two parts
Office of Army AmmrnwitioA,
iMraLaf
iPL.; iPzLaf
iRLaf
iSL; iSLiki
* IZ; lZ
in; in the
infantry
Engineer
Italian (marking on equipment)
Inspector of Artillery
l.;fazntry piece; infantry howitzer
Association for Furtherance of Mutual interest; Trust
Dye Industry Trust
in MWraer-1 miette
in Panz, *. teitte
in Red-Lefette
in Schirm-L~afette
Innenziieder
J
J;
Jgg; )gr
)!get
JJagdfluszelig
Iji~ditch
(~)
J it bomb designetlon
SC 50 J)
J/2 (in oumb desiguatlon
SC 30 )/X)
Jaht
j~hrlich
ugolawlech
~ ldieD~SDMarking'on
ceBme5J
Srnclnr
I. Ol
(I
b(Ib~l de sgatgi.,o
..
j")
,'~j
bo
'b~
io~rh
Sf
Ja,
M~d, 0 ,,"n
1aso kg Ill:~~ii'
bvmb having onie
Piece drewn steel body (I'M 9-1985-2, p 6)
Pursuit bomber
J .boJagdhomher
ag
(jar)
Fl-'O
(suchde
J-esch
j(;
504)
*.J-Fer
er504)
J(;;jcys~hj~geresh~zLight
Jgdl'.
(P~ig~.agdpanzer
(Panzerjiger)
jgr
JOr; JXt
jgr
K
K; Kan
*K; Yar; Kb
K~ Kt
K(such as
7 cm Pak K)
K
VKant
~e ~j~gdescriptive
part)
jagergranate
J gergkanatziunder
Junkcr.
K
KuliumPoasu
Kanone
Karabiner
Kart~tsche
Kasemnatte
(3.7 tcm Panz-2rabwehrkanone-Kasematte)
lat-,BOX:
i Kern
Cannon~
Carbine
case shot; CeOlAter
Casemate
(37 mam A/T Cannon, Fixed flefense)
case; magaxinle
Ccet
KKrieg
War
K( in fuze -..a.,n&.tion
Kanone
Time and percussion fuze, pattern 28 for use with high
Don') Z 28k)
(Doppel Ziindet 28 Kanione)
velocity gun (TM 9-1985-3. p 603)
K; Kast
Kastcn
Box
'1 (in fuze designation
Klappenaicherung
Folding safety device (Fuze equipped with delay action
'mVu K)
(.er 12
K(~)
"~'~"Railroad
g~un
Tank; armored vehicle
Kratnfwagren
Kfz
xnft~t~izeugMotor
vehicle
Cavalay gun
Kavaleriegeschiltz
KG
A
'rviton
for some manufactujlng compary
K~;kgK'logramm
Kilogram
Kg
Kugel
1Ball; sphere; bullet
Kg m
Kiogram mt BetelKi'ogram
including weight of bag
Kanonengranate
Cannon shell
XGr(lDoPr)
Kanonen-Grannte (W3hrgeschoss, Press-Shell prepared by drilling pressed steel block
stahiformi)
KGtPattPz
Kaiionet.granate Patr~nenPanzer
AP shell, fixed round
K6.-RotAi
Kanonengranate, rote Sprengwolice,
HE shell containing aluminum and giving on bursting a
-Aluminium
cloud of red amoke
KH
Kanoner.haubitze
Gun-howitzer
Kh; KII
Kammerhiise
Central burster tube in projectile
KhLdg
K~ammerh6lsenlsdung
Central burster tube charge
'KiIL
Kanone in Haubitkenlafee-teg
Gun on ho'?dtzer carriage
K;MrsL
Kanone in Mdrser Isfette
Gun in mortar mount
KiRL
Kanone in RadlgfettCannon on wheeled mount
Kippziinder
L'ilt-type igniter
Y-K
Kaiserlich-KIIniglich
Imperal-Royal (Austrian Empire)
Kanone-Kasemate
Casemate sun
ki
Mzein
small
WIK; KK
Kleinkaliber
Small caliber
K L/
l'anone, Laufla~nge
Cannon of so many calibers long
(KL/50)
(KanoneLaufliange 50))
Cannon 50 calibers long
KIKlemm
Deigignation of airplanes b-ilt by Klemm Co
kIAZ
kleiner Aufschlsgzihider
Percussion fuze to fit a shell with small Opening
klLdg
kleine Ladung
Small charge; reduced propelling charge
kIV; Ky
lieVezgrn
Small delay
k17.dlg (s'uch as kiZdlg
kleine Z~1ndladunRt 34
Small booster, any intermediate charge with detonator
34Np)
between fuze and HE filling
Kn
Knallkorper
Firecracker (simulated fire)
KN (Pulver)
Krumbacl- Nitrat (P'dve:)
DFGDN-NC propellenrt containing small amount of K
uitrgte (CIOS 31-62, pS)
KuZ
Knicki-inder
Snap-type igniter
KnZdSchn
See KZS
KOD(Pulver)
Krumbact(Pulver)ohne Nitrate abet
Same as KN(Pulver) except that K nitmate was replaced
mit Dinitrotoluol
by DNT (CIOS 31-62, p5)
kon
koniach
conical
KP; KfPist
Kanipfpistole
Rifled Wry pistol
KO
Kappe
Cap of projectile or fuze)
Kp; Kr
See under Wairlants, etc in descriptive part
Kpf
Kampf
Combat; battle
Kpf
Kotpf
Head; nose (of a bomnb~v point (of a shell)
Kpfw; Kfw; Kw
Kampfwagen
Tank (lit Battle car)
'KpfwAbw; KvwAbw;, XfwAbw Ksmpfwagenabwehr
Antitank defense
lKpfwAbtsGesch; KwAbwG;
Kampfwagenabwehrgeschuitz
Antitank gun
Kfz~
*KGr
*
*KiZ
Tank trap
Fixed emplacement made of tank gun turret
Krw
Kreuzpulvcr
Kraftomnibua
Kraftrad mit Beiwagen
See KrwGesch
KrH
jeu~ lulag
Krw; Kr; Kw
KrwAnh; KwAnh
Krwllak
Kraftwagen
Kraftwagcaanhinger
KrwG;; Kri~eqch
Kraftwagerigeschhtz
See KzFlak
Kjskade
KrfltW
Kcz~ltk
Ks; KS
Kst; Kiist
KstA
KstBttr
K stG
Kstil
KstK
KstL-
wr...
Kdstr
Kistenartillerie
Kahmrenbatterie
K~isengeschulltz
Kastenhaubitze
Kustenkanone
Kaistenlafette
Kiistenmine
Ki~stcnrnurser
Kart."itsche; Kart-itschenpatrone
Kanot.e-Turm
kr'tMi
lxstMrs
Kt; KT KtPatr
Kt
'(TM (in fuze designation
KTM*:)
KTrMi 41
KuTK
KV
KVK
KVP
kW
kW
Kw
KW
KWI
lXpfZ;
kz; KZ
kzAz1
kzBd
1kz 28 cm BrIC(E)
(suc
Basdin)
AB
20
:KzFlak
KZ8 [such as in
.PzB 41(Kzg)J
1CZGrGeb
kzGrW
kzL
KxL
KzLsf
kzLK
ICA&t
KZSS; KnZdSchn
Waeil;
KZ 2ZCrl P
KZ ZI Py vf
Turret gun
sdb h
emii
Captured Ruesiar
sebyteGr
projectiles
Drifting Mine, Type GL
Casemate and tu rret gun
Kgteiin41Spherical
Kasemato-und Turmkanone
See klV
Kriegsverdienstkreuz
Kasernierte Voikspolizei
Kiowatt(Armed
Kiowat!kilowatt
See Kpf; Kw; Kfw
See Krw; Kr
Kaiser 'Wilhelm Instirut (GO~ttingen)
K'wF
KwvK
KZ
Kz; KZ;
Kidr (in
desitnation of ammo, such
as 8.8 cm Sprdi L/4.5 (Kz)
AE 250
ariiu-
62m
See KpfwF
See KpfwK
Kanonenz~neier
Kopfzulnier
(88c
pegrnr
ag .,
Kopfz~ider) which ,neans88 mm HiE
shell, 4.5 calibers long with PDFz
kurz
lcurzer Anfschlaszsinder
kurzer Bodenzlnder
kurze 28 cm Bruno Kanone (Eisenbaha)
K
Boen)bombs
Krtattzug-Flugzeugabwehr-kanone
Kraftzt.t
[achwere Panzerb'tchse 41(Xraftzus)]
Kanoaenztider Granate fair Gebirgehanone
kurzer Grsnstenwerfer
kurze L'ainge
9-1985-3, p 545)
short
Short percussion (impact) fuze
Short base detonating fuze
Short 280 mmnBruno Railroad Gun
Markings on a container with 19 parachutes and tharee SD2
(TM 9-1-985-2, p 108)
Motorizcd AA gun
Power-driven
(Heavy A/T power-driven rifle)
Gur. percussion faze for mountain gun
Short barreled mortar
Short length
kurze Lafette
'L%,e L'Inge-Kanone
.Kreuziafette
L
L
L; L~d; Lds
mai762m
Ladentreffen
Ladurill
Ger 125
*I.;
1.4f; Ui Ouch~ a$
m(" . 011;,(NMasalt11lswevit
1. (such as is)
cat MNsl'.
1. 1%tuch as in
l'zWfmi I (o.)
LI. (in designation of Sun
13.8 cm StuK 41 L/71)
L/ (in ilesignatihn of shell
10.5 cm Sprgr L/4.4)
1.
I.; Lfg
*17
tLuctt.
aet I'kC /s')
LafetteMaknsoa17mmorr
117 cmtM~rser Lafette)
Luftwaffe
[Panzerwurfmine I (Luftwaffe)]
L-auf ( Kalibetillinge)
(8.8 cma Sturtrkatione 43,Lauf 71)
KulibcrlZ~nge (Granete)Letho
k1l0.3 cm Sprenggranate,Lh~nge 4.4)
Set .rLuchtg and LS
Lieferung
Sec le;1; L
Mri~ na10msmra
A rorce
m
(AlT band grenade 1, introduced by Air Force)
Length of a gun barre iii calibers
(88 mmn Assault Gun pattern 43, barrel 71 calibers long)
hlincier
(105 mm liE Shell, 4.4 calibers long (TM 9-1985-3. P .68
Deliver); lot; shipment
LdW
le; 1; L
IeFH; IFII
leG; IG; L.Gs
le GebIG; IGebIG
leGeb Jg; IGebJG
keGrV; IGrW
I 'HT; lIHT
(10 cmaleliT)
leIG; lIGs; leJG;ljGs
IeJgrZ
*leLdgW;lLdSW
leMiW; 1MW
*
LE-Muti
lePzM; lPz~ki; LPZti
leS; IS
IS'spur ISS
* Luchts (black stincliing);
L;Lg
Leuc'htgZ; LgZdr
Lent; Lt Y
IeWM; 1I~ii; LWM *
IeWMZ
lEsM
l~imnEleichte
L f'Lafettenfahrzeug
~See
L~'z
*
*
Hlf
Lig
*
IFH
IFK
*
*
,LFM
tftw; Lw
Lfw
*
IG
LG (such as
7.5 cm LG 40)
Lg; Leuchts; L
Lichtcvlindrisch; Leuchtcylindnisch
Lichtcylindriscb 10
Lichtcylindrisch 50 F Anafgihrung C
lichtcylindrische Bombe
luftdicht
See L; Ld UdS
See LWrf
Ladekopi
See LWrf; LdgW
leicht
leichte Feldhaubitze
Leichtesgeschmits
leichtes Gebirgsinfanteriegeschiitz
leichtes GbrslggectzLight
leih.tc-- Granatwerfet
leichtc tlaubitze-ir-Tufrm.
(10 cm leichte Haubitze-in.Turm)
leichtes Infanterie Gesch'dtz
leichter 1nfenteriegranatz~mder
leichter Ladunguwerfer
liciter Minenwerfer
Lichteinschiess Munition
leichte Panzermin.'
laeites Spitzgeachoss
eichtes Spitzgeachoaa nwit Leuchtspur
Leuchtgeachoss
Leuchtgescbossziinder
Leutnant
leichte Wurfmine
leichter Wurfminienzrinder
leichte Exerzicramine
Exerziermine mit Rauch-ladung
Sec leG
1eichtgeschiitz
!7.5 ema Leirlitgeschiitz 40)
Leuchtgeschoss *Flare
6.er 12(s
lglndz
langer Ilodenatinder
Long base percussion fuze
lauge BtennlUnge
Long burning length (fuze)
lGrblG
See leGeblG
l(;eb)G
Sec lcGcbJG
lgFllGr(Nb)
lange Feldhsubitzgranste (Nebel)
Logfedh itesel(m.
)
Lggr, lgGr
Lmnggranate
Long shell
IsKZ
langer Kanonenzilnder
Long Sun fuze
Lgl.lange
Lafette
Long gun carTinge
ISM (black stencilling)
lange MundlochbllchseShlwiheghndgaetpbotr
Long gaine-type booster
Mudocbcl
LgPil 40n~
* Lg 40Leuchtgeachosspulvcr
40
TrGDN propellant of calorific value 650 kcal/kg .ised
with Naval skarshell charges
Lip O0N
I..euehtyeschosspulver 40 (NitranaPhTEGDN propellant of calorific v alue 670 kcal/lcg Pnd
thalin)conts_
a. nitronaphthalene used with Nn ral starsheU charges
IGrW
SceeleGrY
IGs
See leG
IS sFH,
iangc, schwere Feldhaubitzc
Long and heavy field howitzer
LGZ
See under Warplants (descriptive section)
LAZ'. LsiZdr. ILcuchaZ
Leuchtgeschoass~sndet
Fuze iot star shell
(such an LgZ S/33)
Lb (i~uch sA
Leuchtaputhiilse (4 cci Spreaggranate
Tracer container (cartridge) (40 mm HIE Fixed Round with
*4cm prg~at Lh29)
Petrone Leuchtapurhblse 2.8)
tracer cartridge type 28)
HIlT
See WeIT
IJgrZ 23
Leiebter lnfanteriegranst~Ander 23
Fuze for light infantry shell pattern 23
.IlGs
See leIGs
lJGs
See IeJGs
lgBrlg; In)
ILK
(such as
Mk 250LK).
LIz
lLdgW
Log I.11
L;LM [black stencilling
such as in KZ C/27 (LM)
LMses
LMsSt:
1MW
Lo (blaclk'stencilling)
LP; LtPimt
Flash ranging
ranging station
Leuchtpistole
L-Pstr
L.Piat
Leuchtpatrone
See LP
See lePzM
lzi;LP ZMi
LS (such as In 7.5 cm Pak Lorraine Schlepper [7.5 cm Pank 40/1,
U
40/1 (Sf LUS) (01~
Selbstfahrlatette, Lorraine Schlepper
(franigsisch)1
La (white stencilling)
Le
LS
*LS
Lag
LSGescb
ISLS
LS Mun
LSPH
L'spur; L'Spur; LS; L.Sp
L'spurGemch; LSGesch
L spusMun); LSMun
LSR
LT
LT
.Lufttogpe.do
LuS Mun
Lux EZ 50SC
Leuchtsarzsprengiudung
Lufrschutz
See L'spur
See leS
Losungmwort
See L'spuwGeach
See IeSL'spu~r
See L'mpur Mun
Leuchtspurhlile
Leucbrapur, Lichtspur
Leuchtmpurgeschoms;Lichtspurgeschosa
Leuchtspurmun~tion'; Lichtepurmunition
Luftechutzraumn
Leuchtturm
*
Leucht-und Signalmpunition
Password
(;er 127
I~vLadungsverh~ltnis
iLw
See Lfrl4
I-Ptwagen
See IeWM
See IOWMZ
Ladungswerfer
Langzeitzunder
Lw
lWMkj
IWMiz
I.Vr(; LdgW; Ldw
I.7r7.
Truck
Spigot mortar
Long time delay fuze
M
Mt
Mt;Man
Mt
Mt;Mk; MK
NtMaske
NI, m
M;tMi
kienechs
Main
See K~in; Man'~v
Marine
Marko (Kennzeichen)
Meter
Mine
In
I Md; MB !.such as in
M;
8. cm GrWM 35 (n)l
(eFH18BM; IFII18mM)
M
NI-1 (kanone)'
MA; Ms
MAA
Mag Gew
ManlManiv;
MAN
Man~'?I
M~r
Marlag
MB; Mt; Md
MB; NUB
Nt-Boot
Nt-Boot
Mdg .
Mdich
Mdlchb; MIB; Mb
Mdlchf
Mdlchsch
Me
imE
ME
Mebu
FMF
River Main
Navy Naval
Mark (identification)
Gas mask
Metre (ir.)
Mine
Mortar shell; high capacity. HE missile
But
Mu~ndungsbremse
with
Muzzle brake of the Norwe!an Lauricber 3
Munirionsanstal
Marineartillerirsbteilung
Naval coast artillery battalion
Magazingewehr
Magazine rifle
Mangver
Mnue
See under Warplants (descriptive section)
aberlrartusche
"at
Blank cartridge
Mar~nelager
Prisoner-of-war camp for sailors
Mundungshremse
Muzzle brake
See Mdlchb
Minensucherhoot
Mine sweeper
Motor boat
Motorboat
Wrdung
Muzzle
Mundloch
Fuze hole; adapter opening
lMundlochbUchme
Gaine type, fuze-booster concainer
Mundlochfutter
Gamne (lit Fuze hole casing)
Mundlochschraubir
Adapter plug (Ammo)
Meauerscha'id:
Designation of airplanes built by Messerschmidt Co
mit Eisenkern
With iron core (bullet)
mit Eatkupferungsband
With a decoppering atrip
Ntaschinengevehr-Eisenbeton UtitcrMtchine gun in reinforced concrete pillbox
stand
MED (in rocket designaetion, mit elugebauten DrennzUnder
Markings on a 300 mm HE rocket. spin stabilized
such as 30 cm WV&
42 spr (30 cm Wurfk~rper 42 Sot MEB)
and provided with a time fuze (TM 9-1985-2, p 251)
MEB)
Marineform
Naval design
MI
Motnorfahrzeug
Motor vehicle
M-Flak
Flugzeugahwehirmaachinenkanione
Automatic AA gun, much as 3.7 cm Nt-Flak
mFmW
mittleter Flammenwerfer
Medium-weight flame thrower
MPS
Marinef unitstelle
Naval radio station
MG; MGew
Matchlneagewchr
Machine gun
mg
Milllpiamm
MlHgramm
MGOB
(schwerea) Maschinengewehr
(Heavy) machine Bu-1 (Maxim) 1908 construction
Konatruittion von 1909 (Max Im)
MGOO/15
(elichtes) Maschlnengaesu
Kn
(Light) machine gun, 1909 construction with changes of
utruk-tlon von 1906 mit Xnderungen
1915
von 1915
Gecr 328~
Sec under Wnrplanta (descriptive section)
Mortar (on motor tractor)
(adf Kraftlus)
With reduced bursting charge
out geringerer Sprengladung
Minengeschoss (Minerogeschoas Patrone HE, high capacity projectile (IIEIC fixed found without
ohflC Zenlegen)se-dtuco)
2 con Maschinengewehr in den Ffloselo 20 mm Machine gun in the wings of an airplane
MGFP (2cm)
cines Fluozeug
20 mm Machine gun FFM
2 cmn Maachineagewehr FFM
MtG FFM (2 cm)
High capacity lHE shell; mine shell (37 mm HEIIC fixet"
Minetogranate (3.7 cm MinenogranateIG-r; Mgt (such as 3.7 con
touawd patter.I 18)
paaron 18)
Slgrpstr 18)
Trench mortar
Mincagranatwerfer
*MGtT
Medium mortar(8l mm)
Mittlerer Granatwerfer
MC01; -nGrW
With green signal
unit grilr Vorsignal
igV
With ballistic cap; with windshield
mit Haube
tml-b; mHbe
HE heavy howitzer shell with ballistic cap (windshield)
likserLauhengranarte
Ml~bair
Mine
Mi; Mminin
A/P lnnd mine filled with 13 oz piorrac acid
A200
Mine
* Mi A200
See under Warplants (descriptive t~ection)
MiAG
Army camp
Milit'grlager
Milas
Minesweeper
Minensucher
Min-Su
Trench mortar
Minenowerfer
MiW
pMin%%;
See MP; Mipo
Mipo
oz picric acid
A/P land mine containing 5%4
Mine S 150
Mi S 150
Medium size charge
mittlere Ladung
not Ldg; mittlL.dg
See MinWf
* ?iW
See MWPr
MiWfPr
Mine igniter
Minenz"ide
ie
l
rts
Pressure type igniter for use in captue
Mineuziider 530 (eatliach), Mk3
MiZ 530(e), Mk 3
Mark 3 (TM 9-1985-2, p 305)
Mark; pattern
M~tmarlk
Automatric cantion
VMacchineakartone
Mk'
Machine carbine; submachine gun
'Maschinenkarabiner
mit; MKb
cap; capped
itKpeWith
mK
core
With
Kern
mKmit
With a shutter safety device (Percussion fuze 3075 with a
mi.. Klappensicher'ang
nK; MK(in fuzc designsr
shte afety device)
t4ion such as AZ 5075 MK) (Aufschlagzbnder 5075 mit
Designation of a cascade target indicating flare (TM 9-18-2
sicheru
ar 50s
~ Kiape
~
Ml'~50
50 Kaskad
Mar
pp 71-3)
Naval coast artillery
arilei
M~~arineKmus
MKA
See MX; MKb
MKb
Designation of a two-candle sea flare (TM 9-1985-2, p 77)
hIlS
Ammnunition trucim
Munitionskraftwage:
Mkw
with pneumatic recuperator
Luftvorholer
mit
L
*
Gamne-type fuze-booster container
Mundlochblichse
MLB; MIb; M
With muzzle brake
trit Miindongsbremse
mMb
SMM.
astoilon)
(descriptive
Warplanra
under
See
MNH
With overhead ignition
mit Obersibidung
.0
Model; pattern
'Modell
mod
Large caliber, short barrel howitzer, mortar
Mi~;
rsM~rser
motorized
motorisiert
mar
metric tons per month
MOTOMonat-Tonne
4
ahn itol; automatic pistol (Called later StuG-44)
Maciepaoe
MOTO.
armor-piercing cap
With
mit Panzerkopf
M
rP
military pt-ice
Militgripolizel
I;Mp
I
Medium A/T sunstrsinlctide(ogag)
mittleire Panzerabwehrkanone
mpak
Ground illuminating, singlestsinlcride(ogag)
Melde'acrl
M~~arr
Pha
Wt
P~anzerkopf
mit
mP
~~mPz;
t
generator
smoke
With
itRouchentwickler
mp, (black stencilling)
smonke generator, type 8
it sucenticker r BWith
mRS
With recoil
it Rohirdelklatlf
Inr
M~I~A
MlGertrMsicr
tol set Sprldft
MGeadI- (such as MGeach
Part ozeti)
plro
hMral. (such as in 17 cm
hMgaL)
MSMaBrs
Ms
hISGcr
see M8rs'il
MO'ater L (17 con Mimrser L.)
Manschaftsabel
*Messing
MinensuchgerlitMiedtco
o
Marking o
170 mm howitzer
Msth
Scale; standard;ru
Pattern; mPOtdel
btssa
Mster
Mair
MtlK
NMantelkunopecktd
Munition
utg
Mun;Munri~Munitionstrager
M~wFMunitionsfabuik
Meueutond Rauchparo
* M-unR-at
M-u -Parr Mldewid aucpatrnenGround
Div; MV
mit Verzggerung
Inveist F
mit vcrstarkrt Fljchbolzen
my F
mnit vorderem Piihrungsring
mVorl
mit Vorlage
Mvdl (21 cm)
21 cm Mbrser vereinfachte Unterlafette
rnVuK
mit Verzigerung und Iclappensicherung
Minenwerfer
MWA
See Marine Waffeniamt in the vocabulary
*MVMZ; m'WML.
Mittlerer Wuxfn;d~imu ZUnder
MW'Pr MiWfPr
Minenwerfee-Pr-otze
mwV
mit weissem Vorsignal
MoJn
*MW
Ammunition
Ammunitioni carrier
Ammunition factory
Ammunition wagon, cison
signal and smoke cartridges
V/rh delay action (Fz1
With reinforced centrifugal safety bolt
With forward rotating band
With flash reducer
Simplified lower carriage for 210 mmn howitzer
Faze equipped with delayed action and folding safety device
Trench mortar
Fuze for mnediumn size mortar, such as Soi mm
Mortar ammunition wagon; limber; caisson
With white signal
N
N
oee Nb
See Wh
norwegisch
(ii)
(n)
N;
*
~t~Nordin
nA; NA
Nuclif
iNachf
NAG
Nb; N; NeL
Nb; N(white stencilling)
Nbil 7,38
netr Art
Nmtcbfnlper
Nachforschung
Nationale Automobil Gesellachaft
Nebel
Nebelgeachoss
Nehelbretrszu"Ider 38
*NbC
*(15
NbGri. NbGr
NbGr( Pr)
Nbligr
NbK N~zNebelkerse
NbKz L42
NbKzS
NbKzWfldg
NbMun,
NbS; NS
NbSt
NbSt
NbW
cm NbW4I)
* (28/32 cm NbV4I)
* 21 cmn NbW 42)
(30 cam NbW 42)
1(15 cm NbW 10 liag 42)
(15 cme NbW 30 ling 43)
* Nb~stNebexrtur
Nebelkerze, lang 42
Schnellnebelkerze
Nebelkersen Wurfladung
Nebelmunition
Nebelsignal
Nebelstoff
Nebelwurfgranate aus'Stahl
Nebelwerfer
(15 cm Nebelwerfer 41)
(28/32 cmi Nebelwerfer 41)
(21 cme Nebelwerfer 42)
(21 cm Nebelwerfer 42)
(1c
eewre-Zbjn
2
(1; cm Nebelwerfer Dreisaig ling 43)
Nebelcylindriache (Bombe)
neuere Conatrulttion
Nebelcyl indri ache 250.
NC; NbC(ftombe)
*n
NC 250s
NC 50 WVC
NC D/SEE
NdP; NP
Neb
peb
Neb-Ma
nF
nF; NF
Ng; Ngl
See NC
Nebelgranale
Nebelgranate (Press-stof!)
NeehngaaeSmoke
Nebelcylindriache 50 VC
Nebelcylindri ache D/SrE
Nudelpulver'
gee Nb; N
neben
Nebenimunltionaanstalt
nrea Fertigung
eter Form
Nittoglyxerin
Ntrl; NBI1'
Nittoillyzorinpulver
N:,!
1l1
':GRI,
F'litrrcnpulvcr
NirogIyze-rin 11lnrcepulver
NiuNirogunnidin
NitronIC (forrneiy oC)
See Nz
ncuerte Konstriuktion (neue.-e Construt.-
of ne%-type construction
NK~
Biruino NK (')l
tin
ll0uno N Kanone (rieban)
Mnda:ato
lrkinagi on a 280 mmn Drunni railroad gun (T1L! 9-1985-3,
p 529)
N Kz
Nwfun
NpNirp~caPTN
NP
N13
Np5, Np 10, etc
NPatr
NpGcwll
Np!)
Nt
NS0
NS13; N rST
See Nbl(
Scc NbMun
(pen~aerythritol tetmanitfate)
Sc-c NdP
NullpUnhtt
Nitropento 5-, Nitfopenta 10, etc
Nahpatrorie
Nittopentagewebrpulver
Nkforoentnpulver
Nummer
See NbS
N itroze IIulo ae-Sc war zp ulver7
NtzI
NVA'
Nz; Nitroz
NZNvvmalzelt
Na; Nw'p
Nutzlast
See wider Vwiplaucs, etc in descriptive part
Nitro:,.elluanae
Nitrocellulose (NC)
Standard time
Nittrcellulonepc
ie
Single base NC ptopelleat stabilized with diphenylaminite
and with Na oxalete and K sulfate added to reduce flash
Gewehbsgulitrcbepulver
NC (lake propellant for rifle ammunition
Nz~wllPNitrroellulose
14z(;cWl>
Nitrozellultice Gewchrpelver
Stmall arms NC propellant stabilized with diphenylamine,
and including ethyl ceatralite aikd K sulfate
NzMant4P
Nitrnrzelluloac Mangver Nudelptolver
Porous quick buraina NC, chopped cord propellant used
in drill ammunition aod in igniters (See alao wider IS.,ition in descriptive part)
NaN!)
~Nitrorelluloat Nudaple
NC chopped cord propellant
'See Nz NxP
NaP
NC tubular propellant
NzRP
:Nitrozellulora Rglhvcupulver
NC strip propellant (for pinrola)
Nittroellulome Stacehenpulver
NzStbP
NC propellant, finely granulated
Nitrozellmslosae Staubpulvet
NzStr-
0; Ob; Obat
6
o; 0
0Oaten
Obeffat
ohne
ote
~i~)0atcrielct'incl
ohne Fuilltmr
0(black stencilling)'
ohne Aluminiusm
oAI (white atencilfinS)
ohne Aufaehlapzi~nduri8
oAz
see0; Ob
* ob
Orttbattetie
08
Oberbefeblehaber
Obbfbb
thne Bleidrabt
oB!)
Oberleutnmant
Cpberlt; Ohlt
Oclrochecnien
0bric'
Oberetileunant
Obezatit
Oberfeldwet-ol
Obfdsw
0bedeouexwertrer
WINw
AlKrerOberkcriegaegicht
Colonel
without
fimed; permanent; static
Emat
Austrian (morking on equipment)
Without fillin3 (marking on some inert shells)
Without aluminium (in, HE *hell filling)
Fuze without percussion element
Local battery
Commander in chief
Without lead wire servinS am decoppering .agcnt
First lieutenant
Upper Silesia
Lieutenant colonel
Master iieracunt (except Arty)
Ordnance scorgeant; artifier
General Court-mertial
t~l'lc;Cc
011' :r
t~l~Qu~
~b~tl~rr(l*Crquartier 1 5 .jne r
0hcc
0,e(jObst
91)us; Omno
miu
Aiu
Am
Oberwachr,,,eister
of)
Oc!
*)erl Flak
Off;
Off; 0hzOfie
Offz
~~Offizier
(W)
OFK
o6 a;ujl,
oKi
OKII
Motor bus
~ro
l h
lu nmeat r
tbec~himesterMaster
olin flaikon
c! koDesignation
(Arty)
Ch ie f p asergeant
y ni na r er~
undated
Ocelikon Flu~zeugbwehrkanone
OffZOcr!ikon
des W affenwes~ns(Waffen_
of fizi er)
of~r
Oberfek;oin andat
Qerlikon Co.gu
Co.gu
Odac
fie
Ordnace ofie
,'J
of ammlfunition of weAPOns
Fusblh~,..,
ohnc HL11-.ilc
Obet.zommando des lieeres
O~~~i.'
le.....Luftwaffe
0KM
OL :bikadOekwad
derKiesmrc
OXWOberkernmando
de
resaieHigh
0KW
(liefrn~
0 ~ W-hrmacht
oLohne
Ladestre-fen
OM (black stencilling)
ohne M~indlochbih~Selwtotgm
OKI
ohne Mi~nungshremse
oRohne
RauchSmkls
oR (black rtencilling)
ohne Rauchentwickler
*OS
IV
ofiirsae
oz
onne Vrun
r
oz.
zeanOcean
P; Part
P; P6
uate,,a
uremse
audbth
Cuaine
brake
Shoelleshua
otic
nc
legeeao
Officer's rcword
Without delay (Fz)
P
See Patr, p
See PG; P
I'Pistole
See Pist
(P Po;Plepolaisch
Polish (marking on equipment)
P; Pol; Polte
See under Warplants (descriptive section)
P; v uvP
l e
Powder; propellanz
P
~~PunktPit
PA
Panzerabviehr
Aontitn
ees
Note
Sueradedin ompound words by FPzJag (Panzerjgger),
which ane.ns tank destroyer
PAe; PA
Petrolatber
Petroleum ether
Pak; PAK
Panzerabwehrknuone
.
,Antitank
gun
Not;
uprseedincomupound words by PzJagK
(PanzerjuSgerk a one), which means tan
destroyer gun
Pak,-Flak
P anzerabwehz. und Flugabwehrkanone
Aulritank-antiaircrtift artillery
Putr; P
Patrone
Cartridge; round
Note: 'When the word "Part" is included
in a designation, such as 7.5 cm SprgrPatt, of fixetd ammunaition
it indicates a complete round of fixed
ammunition (Compare with "Kart")
Part MS
Patrone 318
AlP fixed round of ammo used in A/T rifle
Putt B; Pair Br
39
Patrone, Bffand
HE-Inc round of fixed ammo
Paolias
Patronenhasten
Patrast
Cartridge case (of fixed ammo)
atroenkatenCartridge
Puttr l4S; Part is
box; amumunition container
Patronen leichtes Spitzgeschoss
Light, pointed ball ammunition
(filled with aluminum)
ratrleS
IS L'siirPatose
Pst
leehts Sitz eac osa mit
Light, pointed ball ammunition with tracer,
L'spur
used for
Leuchtepur
practice
PatitPinI
Patronen, Phosphor, mit Stahlkern
Ball ammunition, Phosphorus, with steel
Pitts; Pstrstr
core
P'atronenatreifen
Cartridge
P AtrSo
clip
Patrone S*
Signified that cartridge was made of brans
coneisting of
Part SinE
Patronen Spitzgeschotr,, mit Eisenkern
Pointed
ball
amamunition with iron core. SAP bullet
Pstr SmFf!2
Patronen $pitzgeschosu mit Eieae~kern
Pointed ball ammunition (SAP) for 7.92
a .sniper's rifle
fur
Scharfachu~tzengeeignet
Pntr SIX! (1g)
Patronen Spitzgeschoss mit Eisenkern
Long, pointed ball ammunition with iron
core; SAP round
(ier 112
Pate Still
Pair SmKI'spur
*f
*pis;
>Ishot
1 iM
P aMon
llroplcr; Propsr; 1114.;r
P roz
P'ro
Prhf
PSPferdc-starke
PSO4;~P SGr
P:;tz (such as in 21 cmi
PS~c
P SW ..
PT
PUIV,
VUlv-ah'r
1'.V
Pvsz (such a-%in
K Z ZcrPv SO
I,WM
~~feuf~schc
1.eie
P~ho sphlormunat ionl
See P zSGr
Pulverstdrzc (21 cmnT'ulverstlitze DO)
DO)munition)
Pulvertempera'.ur
See 11, PuIV
1Pilverfabrik
l~ulv-!r
l'ulvcr, Stahl
(Konfximnder,zerlcger.Puiver, Stahl)
;Cc Plzwg
Pyrotechniker
Panzer
Panzerabteiluaig (Fliammenwerfer)
Panizerabwehrobteilung
Panzerb'dchse; Panzerabwehrbuichse
Parizerbefebi swagen; gepanzerter
Befehlawagen
Pz~o~gPanzerbeobachtungswagen
PzF
Panzerfaust
PzF 60
Panzerfaust 60
PZF(kI)
Panserfaust (kcleio)
PZFUWB
Parizerfunkwagen
Pzsr, PzGr
Penz,6rgranate
*
Pzgr
39
Paaaergranate 39
Pzsr 40
*Pzsr 41
Pazrrnt
0All
Panizergratiate 41
Pzgr Patr
(2.8 cm Pzgt Putt 41)
Panzergranxte P~tione
(2-8 cm Panriergranate Patrone 4!)
trw)Patizergrar'ate
(Weicheisen)
Pz]6g; P2zJg; Pj; tPJal'
Panzerj~ger
.PzjmgK; PJIC; PzJK
Parrzerjiierkannne
PKsuhas in
Pairizerkopf
KGfr 15 PzK;,
(Kanone-Granate 15 mil Panzerlropf)
r'z!pfW; Px;; PzKpfWa
Panzetkampi'wagen
*(See 'also Paczer in the descriptive part)
PzKw;Pkw
i
Pitozerkraftwasen
PzMi 43
Patizermine 4)
Parizer-Selbstfahtlafette
PzSI; fPzSf
Pinverstablgisoate
PzS~r; IPSGa; PsGr
Pan~zeraprec~grast
*zp~rcr, Pzaprgr
zp~;PSW, PSpWV; PSPW Panizerop~hwaiten
PT
1)
Panzerturm
Panszerwagen
*Pawg-;' PW8
Panzernaffe
Piuff
Panzervwfkorper
PzVK;, Pz~kpr
42 fi'r Louhtpistole
PaYK 4:i LPazrufopr
*
Ammunition temperature
P'owder factory
Designation of slow-burning powider used in time-delay Fz
Powder (black), steel
(Nose fuze self-destfoying hlacli powder unit, steel body*,
See PzWuMi
Plyt
13Z
PzAbt(F)
114AbwAbt
PaD
PzB efW~t; RptBef~g
~e1'sPW
flt-32
P~ui;P11
VIrzM
Panzervurfanine
Designation of a pressure type igniter used in some imnprovised mines (TM 9-1985-2, p 298)
Artificer (Military).See Feuerwerker
Tank; armor, armored vehicle
Atmore-d flaime-throwaer detachment
Antitank battalion
Antitank title
C.'smmander's armored vehi Ie
Armored vehicle used lot artillery spotting
A/T shapa!d charge missile
Hand operated grenade launcher A'T, 60 (weight 93 Ib)
Small hand operated grenade launcher, A 'T (weight 5111VI
Armored radio car
Solid AP projectile
AP
ClE(ro-piercing capped, ballistic cap, high
explosive) shell, type 39
shell with a tungstea carbide core, type 40
AP shell with a tungsten carbide core ior tapered bore
Sun, type 41
Antitank projectile in fixed ammunition
%28 mm AP shell for 28/20 mm Tapered Bore Gun cailed
SPBU 41)
AP-T fixed round containing a charge of irritant
Antitank shell, soft iron
Tank destroyer (lit Tank hunter) (See also JgdPz)
A/T Siut (lit Tank hunter's gun)
Armor-pietcini, cap
(Cannon shell 15 with AP cap)
See Vocabulary
Armored motor car
Magnetic A/T mine. 43
Armored selfp.popelled fgun mount
Steel armor-piercing shell (with small HE content)
Antit'ank-high explosivc shell
Armored reconnaiessance car; armored scout wehi,.le
Turret of a tank
Armored combat vehicle
Armored troops; tank troops
Hollow charge A/T projectile fired from sirnal pistol
Hlollow charge A/T projectile pattern 42 fired from 23 mm
signal pistol
grenade or mine
Illo
hreAT
zHolwcaicA
1Yui V
Q:.
i'
(IC11
Qnvti; Qum
Q uiQuerschnitt
I
.p.
*.s*
Ph 11
i
R
* R, I'~....Raketc
It
R; Ho
* 11 RuR~hre
11; R11
it
* r; rd
IiRun'
(r); rusf
HS8; RII, t~c (black sten' cilling)
*
116hr'enpulv-r
RdUckstosslader
rund
opfigesc'loss
russisch
Rauchentwickler Nr 9, Nr lete
Smok.- t nerator
Barrdl ((. p'ipe; t.1be
Rad;.o tube; i.'..zle
Tubular propei mnt
Recoil-operated ,in
round
Round.- headed project. I!
Russian ' matking on eq, 'paiellt)
Shell containing smoke ge*.eratar No 8, No 11, etc
Rheintochter 3
Radio
Radfahrobteilung
Raketen Ag
(21 cm Raketen As M.42)
Ra'upe
Rauipenfahrzeug
Rtaupe:::hlepper
rnattr
RbIF
R-Boot
R S (such at
R'100 BS
RbZdh
licklf
Rd
reitende Batturie
Rundblickferarohr
Rgumboot, Minenrgumer
Mounted battery
Panoramic telescope
Mline sweeper
Marking on an air-to-air incendiary rocket equipped vth
"(.)hron Gerfit" (TM 9-1985-2, p 255)
Rd(
'RDs; RDG (such as
8.6 cm RD 8 1000)
'Rdir
Rdr
1.Dz
Rev
See Radf
R-3
'Rad
iRadfAbt; RdfAbt
RIAg (ir. rocket launcher
de signation 21 cm RAp.M4 2)
:Raup; Rp
AaupFzg: RpFzg
* RaupS".ti; RpSchl
Rd
Rauchentwickler
Rohr
Raketendrahtgeirat
Rocket wirc barrage (86 mm rocket contg a parachute suspended
(8.6 c~mRakentendrohtger~'t 1000)
zpool of wire with no explosive attached (TMJ 9-1985-2, p 240)
Rechtedrall
Clockwise rifling (Weapons)
Reichadruckerei
Government Printing Oifice
Rsnddiisazu"Ader
Rimivent fuze (Ammo) (See cIRDZ)
Revolver
Revolver
RevK
Revolvcrkanone
Revolver gim
REw
Rouchentwicklet
Smoke generator
RI; R-frei
Rohulrei '.Empty
gun barrel
RIF
-Rundfunk
R adio; broLdcastiniRf (such as
Ru~ckarossfell; Rgltckluflos
Recoilless. (75 mm Recoilless cannon, pattern 43)
7.5 cm ROC 43)
(7.5 cm Ruckt! aeria
e43
RFK;RflCR"ksomrikna
Recoilless Sim (See also DiiV)
RrR
See under Varplanta (descriptive section)
RIW
.
R~ciratosafreier Verier
Recoilless launcher
RgRing
Ring
RgK
SeeIIK
KSr
Rlogpulver
Flat ring (washer) type ptropellant (used In some howitzers
and mortars)
RtGr
..
Raketetogranate
Rocket-assisted pro jecrile
RGr
Ratichgranarc
Smoke *hell
RgStZ (such $0
Ringstlitze
Ring on tripod support
DOV ItStZ 15)
Rh
*Rhein
Rhein (river)
(.er 115
O'S ttt)r
On
Sheitnetl ~r~ns
S'e
ecitv
(Aufsichlagziinder 150 Rhiniimetall S)
lteichs lntienMinjsterium
O designation
~Y.l~0ll~S~
,..
*HmRitemeister
it I
it i,.'
K
OKRohrtkarre
lt~l4-atehW-A.pet
Rauchk~rper
Ringicanone
f6i Beobar:htungszwecke
Rauchk8rper f(6 Schiedsricbter
R* 1KI'
*Radlafette
I_. Il'dI#
filt.(; IRL8
121.,.112~.t(21
Rtihrenlaffette
Ralteten Leuchtger~t
cm Raketer Leuchtger~it)
~Ralteten
ItI(.
'tK
Leuehtgera~t Scheingeschoss
richgduftfahrtmin;,steritun
It~Kricchumark
ItM
kltigeglmirte
..
'
kireglmine 43)
tillen,,iunition
I Ochling
cm R~chlingsgpaaate, Beton)
'tohrbremse
it
II*~h
i. n
H.,:t.I
onpulver
lI.,.
11 pole 12
32Tubular
n Ilvl
Itolir. :pu
4-r 4,1
4. Nitronaphthalin
tli~rrv,4ulv.
V .4
Notr None of thr. I:1
403 pfopbl.el.Ii.
( onsi
UI&.hreti::ulver
HI'(.
i
It
.1rlplv
ktiuon 12
RoIlre-lpul ver C(
2'we
1 1;* i 11
(de-s.riptl
11Iv..r)
s-1hrit
e section)
Standard tubular propellAnt (sec- .alm, I;I'
I J'soit.4
(14It t(It.rit
-H'gi11,ltrI
I ,n.rluOeU
Lkt':
1k,
'1
'
.h'ow
~~~ti..
~d
p 2.1 '01
114fe41,
I
,'4bIto
r -. IligI
,01Sitell
cli k Al
PA
I rttia,qI%
UP
lIt
RS~I'S
zl
a.I,%~
t li~a
tle'
(8.6 cm 0'I
'i.)
telp U si)
rtllaatailt
I Ill
Oik,-tril'.01e
Hea.]: (.h1dar I
,.k~ si I
ill,'..
w, st'
'I) I3u
ff .
It-.
-taon Sch~oI
pr..ic'lI..a
'
%~
I.pil
olti.1si.
.1'g'
.tablilize'd, Weipiniatnn
G;.r IA6
nu" nlint
urn)k
Ruiiicklau
(russ); (0)
Af
RW
(9. cmUW
3)(8.8
il-Wasen
RV~t
!RZ
Rz
RZdh
P.ZP
russisch
Raketen Vielfacbwerfer
Raketanwerfer
cmRairetenwerler 43)
Rungenwagen
Rohrovngen
1laketenziinder
k~ohrzerspringer
Reibenztlndhiitchen
Rohe ise nzllip ulver
S
S; 5
S
Siuvre
scharf
Schrapnell
aschwehr
s (marked on a fuze)
S;SL
schwer
Seeleala~nge
Sekunde
:..S/30 (in fuze designution) Sekunden 3')
.S/90/45
Sekunden 90/45
*S
:..S/45-125
Sehunden 45-125
S*
s; S
Cs)
S; S-Gesch
S; SG; SGew
5S-42
S; St (such as Patrh S)
S
SA; sA
SA
(SA. 4000)
Slib
SIB
SB
Sibel
Splitterbombe
Spreagbombe
SB 400 (Kugel X)
*
Sprengbombe (Kugel M3
SBe (B)
!SBC (B); SBrC (B)
*Schalld
Acid
Live (Ammo)
S"iapnel
heavy
'le,.y fuze (for use in guns with high shell acceleration)
Gun barrel length; tube length
Second (sec)
Time fuze with maximum running time of 30 sec
Time fuze with maximum running time of 45 sec modified
to 90 stc
T'me fuL-e with no setting possible below 45 sec, and
with max running time of 125 s'
sa~fe
Spanish (marking on equipment)
Po.'nted bullet with a flat base
Bayonet (lit Side arm)
Bayonet,pattern 42
Steel (such as steel cartridge)
SL!
Heavy artillery, cal~ed in the U S A "medium artillery"
High capacity bomb (Grossladungsbombe) (Loading factor
up to 8070)
Ilesignation of a 4000 kg high capacity bomb (TM 94-985-2,
pp 4 3-4)
Saber- sword
Fragmeitrion (AlP) bomb
I Pinwalled high explosive bomb; demolition bomb (Loading~
factor up to 75%)
Spherical, hydrostatically operated, aircraft-laid, skip
bomb, known in the U S A as Kurt Apparatus (TM 91985-2, p 14)
Concrete fragmentation bomb
HE-incendiary cylindrical bomb, contg either phosphorus
or thefmit (TM 9-1985-2, p 51)
Concrete fragmentation bomb (Loading factor about 30% HE)
SChGrahK
Sc h tizen~rabenk aaon,.
~claesabSchissbeh~gTrench
ichissb
chissbeherRifle
Schlgzdsclir; sehlZ'SchScidW
Scbhti
SchPlK
run
grenade discharger (launcher)
mlol,
hre~rnd anhdfo
olwchre#eadlanhdfo
Bfileistias
Thlesade
cisbce
risbhr
un
ecsanpie
Schiessplatz I6tierbog
Ak~erbog Firing Range
Schiessplatz Kummersdorf
Kummersdorf Firing Rang-
Schr
Schrapnell
Shrapnel
Schr Mi
See S-Mi
[
.
mSharal
.SchrPatr [such asi:6.5 cm
S
Schrapnellpatronc 65cecrp~l
rp efxdrud(5-n
hanl
ie
on 6 iiYgssvSrpe
uol vS rp e iei e
SchrPatr 223 ei)1
Patrone 223 (iugoslnwisch'I
Pound 223)
Sch~ii i; S;Shine
Schtitzenmjnc
AiP land mine (See also Schr~fi)
S-Mi'
Schapv
Schwarzpulver
Black powder
SD (B)
Spreng, dickwandige Bombe
H Ethick-walled bomb (Loading factor 20-30%)
Note: Thir bomb was also called "SR.loterbombe" (fragmentation bomb). It was
SAP (semi-armor-pi ercing)
SD!L..n
sp)jnmen
-.
Ig-n tlhide-walled bomrb, SAP-HoC-A/T bomb
5Rfl (k'i-R
Spreng, dic'kwandige (klein) Bomnbe
Small HEithick-wallcd fragmentation bomb
SdatSonderkartusche
Seilpropellert cag
SJK.z
Sonderkraftfahrzeug
See in Vocabulary and undes! Panzer
SdKfz
Sprengdienst Kraftfairzeug
Demolition service motor vehicle
(Goliath Sdkfz 302)
(Goliath Sprengdienst Ktaftfahrzeug 3.v2) (Demolition service vehicle, carrying prepared
charges
of 50/50-RDX/TrNT) (remote controlled)
SdrGesch
Sondergeschoss
Special projectile
Seefflgz
Seeflugzeug
Seaplane; hydroplane
Sehr
Seh.oh
Periscope (submarine, tank); teiescnp~e
Sek; S
euneSecond
SEL
See SELf
SelbstfLaf
.
..
See Sf; Sf1
SELf; SEL
Selbs~ie-Einstecklauf
Subcaliber barrel for automatic weapon
Sf; Sf1; Selbstfl-rif
Sribstfairlafette
Self-p:opelled (SP) gun (lit Self propelled gun mount)
SF
Schutzieder
See in vocabulary
sFH
schwett Fcid,.ubjtzc
Medium field howitzet
SFK
Schnell feuerk-anone
Rapid-fire cannon
5G
See S; SG;S-Gew
$G 39
Schinidding Ger~it 39
Schmaidding device 39 (set descriptive part)
S-Ger
Sondergerkt
Special purpose device
S-Geacb
See S; S-Gesch
5-Gew
See S; Sg; c!-Gew
SSFegI
Glider
sGrW
-h'-a-es (.r~natwerfer
Haymra
sHT
reHaubitze-in-Turm
Heavy howitzer for fortifications (lit Heavy howitzer in
tower)
Si
Siebel
Designation of airplanes built by Siehel Co
SIG; SIG; sJG
schweres lnfanteriegeschdUtz
Heaty infantry gun
SiRP
Signalpistole
Signal pistol
SigR
Signalrakete
Signal rocket-, flare
Sisw
Sigbaiwerfer
Signal flare projector
SiK (E)
Siefried Kanone (Eisenbahn)
Siegfried railroad cannon
sJG
See aIG
sJgiZ
schwerer Jligergranatziider
Heavy fuze for light infantry shell
SK
Schiffakanone
Ship cannon
SK C/ 12
Schiffskanone - Conosrukton 12
Ship cannon type 1912
SK L/45
.Schiffakanone
- tuffl~nge 45
Ship cannon with barrel (tube) 45 calibers long
*
SK; SLIC
Scbnellfeuerrkanone; Schnelladekstnone
Rapid-fire gun; rapid-loading gun
. k
Sockel
.Pedestal;
swivel
5-Ker
SoaderkartuscI'
Special propelling chaise (S-L Ammo)
SkL; SockLaf
Sorkellafette
Pedek~tal mount
*
SL
Sac- und Landflugze~ug
Amphibious plane
aLdSV
schwerer Ladungswcrfer
Heaivy spigot mortar
b-LK
SeS;SLK
6P.- IA
SM
s~g
eerileNautical
clrere MashinngeebrHeavy
S-Mi;S-Mie Scrapnelmin Sprng. nd SchrapnellMh~e(nicknamed
Note: Abbreviation S-Mi, was also used to designate a Schiitzenmine,
SinE
SPitzgeschoss mit Eisenkern
S-MiZ-35
Sch~tizenmjnen Zi~nder 35
ScisonjnenZ~i..de 44bounding
SMiZ-14
44crzaie
Urd
SiKSpitzgepchoss
"rn'.X
6'sNor
SmK(H)
SnmKLisp ur
S-un
mit
Spitzgeschoss knit
Gli-nisipurbult
Spitzgeschoss mit
Spitzgeschoss mit
Leuchtspur
scha.f
unto
Stahkikrn
Stahlkeru und
Stahikern (gehanrte)
Stahlkern und
S-unSpitzmunuition
smw
so
schweret Minenwerier
Slidosten
See SkL
*SockLaf
*
Sondl~art
*Sp;
Spr
sPak
SP- (B3),SpI (B)
1Be
(B); SpIBe (0)
sPBu-41
SpBr
*SpBl
SP-Gesch
Spr
p~;Sp~t
SpgrZmK
S~
SpKps;, SprK; Sprl~ps
SSPIflO
SOlGr
Sp~r
Spr
S such as in
28 cm 4f Spr)
SprB; SprBo
SWPrBr; Sp!Bd
rSpB'; SprB
(Spr8a~ 02214)
C Sprgldg; SprLdg
*Sprgr; Stigr Gr
Sprgr-41
Spgr 1, (such as in
15 cm Sprgtl)
Sprgr mK
Sprgr Parr
SprgrPatrl KP
SprK
SprKab
SprKpr;, SprK
(SprK 68)
SprKps
SprLdS
SprPatr 28
SptE,':hwP
SprSt
Spr~zlaf
*SIM!"
CT'~,.*Pulver
SPzWg
sPzB; SPBu
Sonderkartusche
Spreng
EXPIuosiec
schwere Panzerabwehirkiannne
Splitter (bambe)
Splitterbeton (bombe)
schwere Panzerbiichse 41
See SprBr
See SprBi"
fSpitzgeschoss
purateA
Sprenggranatenzu~nder nut Klaopp~msicherung
Sitgecos, hophrPointed
Sprengkapsel
Splitterbombe
Splittergranate
See SP-Ge seb
Spreng
(28 cmi Wurfkbrper Spreng)
Sprengbombe
Sprengbrand
Sprenngbiichse
(Sprengbiichse 02/24)
Sprengladung
Sprengranate; Granare
Sprenggranate 41
Sprengranateladung
(15 cm Sprengraniateladung)
Srtrenggtanate mit Klsppensicherung
Sprenggranate Patrone
Sprenggrans~te Patrone far Kampfpistole
See SpKps and SprKpr
Sprengkabel
Sprengkbrper
(Sprengk3tper 68)
See SPKPS
See Sprgldg
Spreagpatrone 28
Sprengachwarzpulver
Sprengstoff
Spreizlafette
fur scharfe Munition
Schiizenpanzerwagen
schwere Psnzeibiichse
Heavy A/ T Bun
Fragmentation bomb; antipersonnel (AlP) bomb
Concrete fragmentation bomb
Heavy tapered-bore gun
Pointed bullet
shell with tracer
HE shell fuze with folding safety device
bullet with phosphorus
Detonating cap
Faragmentation bomb, splinter bomb
Fragmentation shell
Hg
xlsv
(280 min HE R~ocket)
(High explosive bomb)
HE-Inc filling
Demolition slab
(Demolition slab, 1 kg TNT)
HE charge; demolition charge
H4igh explosive shell
HE shell for tapered bore sun
HE filling for shell
(150 -mm HE shell)
HE shell with folding safety device
HE round of fixed ammunition
HE grenade for rifled bore signal pistol, calibcr 27 mm
Blasting ignition cable
Blasting charge; demolition charge
Prepared demolition charge, 203 g picric acid
S S
-*
sWG
9WuR
SZ; SZerl
r.
Stahlwerks
Stab
St~bchenpulver
Stauhpulver
Stabbrandbombe
Strasdmine
Stahiguss %(granate)
Stabigeschoss ; Stahl gusasgranate
Steilhandgranate; Stielgranate
'See Stbs
Stshlkern
Sth~sel
Stockmine
SoerahtneTrip-wire
Sternenpulver
Streifcnpulver
Sturmartillerie
Sturmigeschu~tz
Stiarinewehr -44
Sturmhaubitze
IAssault
Sturtakanone
Sturmkampffl,-gzeug
Sti~ssel and St~sselschraube
Stechz~ider
Sturzbomber
Tank
t; TO
T; Tarp; Tp
T (marked as a fuze)
Tonne
Torpedo
Trolitul
t)tochecho.-slowakinach
T; Tu,
TAL'
Her-y tank
Heavy armored scouting (reconnainRtance) car
Periscope; tele.'cope
Screw cap
Heavy pointed bulle~t with metal jacket; streamlined
(boat tail) bullet
)ournal of Panpellanta and Explosives, now cullcd
Explosivatoffe
heaviest; auperbeavy
Heaviest Artillery (corresponds to American Henry Attillerv)
Heavy pointed bullet with !core
Steel
F uze setter, Fuze adjuster wrench
Nose spike (fuze extensiop rad) [HE cylindrical bomb haying
a onc piece body with a tbceaded Iu forged to the nose of the
6
bomb and a spike (TM 9-1985-2, p ))
Steel works9
Staff
Chopped tube propellant
Finely granulated black powder
Stick type incendiary bomb
Beach mine; shore mine
Cast ateel shell
Light eane othell of cast steel (TM 9-10i5-3. p 349)
Stick hand grenade; rodde". or potato masher hand grenade
Steel core
Tappc!; hamuer (Fz)
-ocee
picket type mine
A/
mine
Stat propellant (flat A pointed stars)
Strip propellant
Assault aritillery
Assault sun (self-propelled)
Stormtrooper's rifle (previously called MP-44)
Astault howitzer (self-propelled)
cannon (self-propelled)
Dive fighter-bomber
Tappet and tappet screw (Fr)
inserted igniter
Dive bomber
Support screw
TNT purified by Nai sulfite
Sulfittiinittotoluol
See under Warplants, etc in descriptive part
Searchlight
Southwest
S~iwest
Heavy smoke shell mortar
60chwerer Wer!er
Turntable platform
Schwenkbahnbettung
[Turntable platform for railroad cannon 5
[Schwenkbahnbettung fu~r Kanone 5
(Eiseabshn)J
ichweres Vurtgerat(Vjerferger~t)
Heavy smoke mortar equipment
Heavy framework-type rocket launcher
achwere Wurfrabmen
Self destruction charge (Proj)
Selbstzerleger
T; Tk
TTemperatur
Tank
Tem.perature
Metric tun (1000 kgt 2201 Ib)
Torpedo
"warZ T made of plastic
Fuze body, such as
material "Trolitul"
Czechoslovakian (marking on equipment)
Turret; towez
turin
See -jnder Warplants, etc in detcriptive part
(wr
T oIaScheninunition
* lNX
e Alkaft
*Tredobnotsu
1-FallePartial
TG F l cT
TCTurinigescW~tz
* Til
Th~ K C )
T lieo
TIXTheodorkanone
Thuir
Tk
TK
Tkst
T-Nli; TM
T41i'
*T?.liz
*T Mun'
a~ne
Kpio
o f l.
r~~~~urmhaubitze1ure
o
r n
a o ,,
Es g b . &
Thtirir,'ngTedoeano
See T; Tk
TurinkanoneTrrtcno
T~tz(suc
21 cm TStZ DO-Vu)
Tu; T
TuMS; TMG
TVA
Ie
ellr~
e
TNi
VllerineDisk-type
Tellermineu76~ider
T-Mun
TMZ35,42and43Tel lerminenzriider, 35, 42 imad 43
To
*
ToSee
T; To
*ToMi
Topfmine
Toip
See T; Torp
TorpMotB
Torpedornotorboot
Tp
TransportTrnpt
Tp
telcil
(edHu)
r blck
TopenuniionAmmunition
*Tr; Trbldg
Treibladung
TrMi (such as: kgTrMi 42) Treibmine (Kuseltreibmine 42)
TS
TS
i.)(
Treibspiegel
Tteibspiegelgeschcas
asMeaning
TurrettCanno
Filling station; gas station'
A/T miae (TM %-1985-4,p 270)
Igniter for disc-type A/T mine
Tank ammunition
Types of pressure igniters for use in various T-Minen
andl Pilz-Minen (TM 9-1985-2, pp 301-5)
Ptsae
Ptsae
admn
admn
'Turin
Turret; tower
Tuirmmaschinengewehr
Turret or tower machi..e gun
See under Warplants (Descriptive section)
U
u
(u)
U
U (black stencilling)
U;U-Boot
und
ungarisch
Unterlafette
Unterrichtageschoss
Unterseeboot
Ob
Practice
Ub (hitestecilltil'i
bunggescossPractice
IlbNgaerhua
Ublungsgeschotsa, Rot
Ubungusgeschons,Schwatz
Obuagesprenskorper
bbuagageaachosuVeise
Unteroffizier
U.bertragungs Kdaper
'K
1tifltraurl~4-r-U
.0benrmpngvsladuag
umgearbeitet; urngeaindert
(92 urmgelldeft)
ibung'sgeschoss B
Ubg; UbGr
ti~iUbungamine
bK (white stencilling)
bbS
tlpr
Obv
Uff a
tbungagranate
Kr
iJLds
umg
'(92 urnit)
Jinalulmoir
r tvlUtVUV
and
Hungarian (marking on equipment)
Bottom gun carriage
Instruction (practice or drill) projectile
U-boat; subma~rine
Iftwerk
(,cr 1-i
11z; TIWZ
Clockwork fuze
Uhrverkzdnder; 11hrz~oder
V
V
V.
v; verb
V (such as
5, cm, I.,zgrP atr 42 -V)
vvereinfacht
V; Vets
V.i
V-21
V-3 or HDP
V (in fuze 'designation)
(l/V)
(2/N)
.(0.05 Sek V)
Vc6"kderung
v erbessert
verboten
Verbundgeschooa
(5 cm Parmergstnatc Patroai. VerbundSeachoas)
Vergeltung
Vergeltungswafl~ Eons
Vergeltungawaffe Zwei
Vergeitwag~awaffe Drei
Verz~ggrun&
(Efate Verz'O'eruns)
(Zweite Vetr.3gerung)
(G.05 9ekwulJeaVerziigeromg)
VA, V2 A, etc
'/D4
N irf OKH
See under
-Types
Vets
verb
yertK
Vefrr8
Vets
Vera Anat
VetsAoa'c lidiw
VeraBt
VcrichwL.St
verat; Verst
VerzZsmgzuae
Vaz
vereinfacht
VG
Eins
VGIVolkassturmgewehr
Vierling
Vierlg
vkr: Vk (black stencilling) verkiirzt
VerkUrztekaminethlilse
Vkkh
verk~irztze Leuchtapur
vkL'spur
Verbesserteladung
VLdg
vi'rtor Meyer Stoff
VM-rtof I
Velocitas-Null
vaull; Vo; V-Null
Vorholer
Vorh
Vorkartuache
Vorkart
Vorl
Vorl
vorm
Vorlauf
Vorlage
vormals
Vp; VpGesch
Verpackungsgeoctioss
verkarztes Rghrenpulver
Vorstecker
Vereinigte Staten von Amerika
Verzugsztindung
Vetzuguzeit
*Vorn-;,vorne
VRP
Vrst
VStA,
VeeZ; VI,
VrzZt; VZt
Vz
VZ
VZ
VZ 80
Ir
Verz8gerungsz~idef
Voizuseaznder
Verzggcrungaz~nder 80
Army Regulations
Relation
Pack artillery
Locking mechanism (weapons); barricade
Misifire; dud
Experimental station; research laboratory
Experimental station for small arms
Expcrimental boat
Retractable gun mount
reinforced
Delay-action fuze
smlfe
See in Vocabulary and under Weapons
See in Vocabulary
shortened
Shortened central tube (shrapnel)
Shortened tracer trail
Adjusted charge iClt Improved chargc)
A camouflaged name for MustarJ gas
Initial velocity; muzzle velocity (Pro))
Counterrecoil mechanism
Front increment charge in separate-loaded ammunition
(See also Teilkart)
Countenrecoil
Flash-reducing wad
formerly
Front; avterior (charge, etc)
Dummy round for vehicle loading practice
Tubular propellant cut iy.u short lengths
Safety pin (bomb, mine, grenade); lug (fuze)
United States of America
Safety fuzing
Safety time (in fazing)
Modal designation (Czech iuzes)
Delay-action fuze
Safety fuze
ecie
nT
-952
W;ache
W; WaWnfien
WOffizier
V
V (such as
2c
Sogr~cr
'spr W
W;
.;
eh
inWehrmacht
W (white stencilling)
w
W; Wolf; Wff
W
W (in'shell de~xignation)
-Wa
WaA
Wabo
W~aF
Wag
WaPr~if
7/A S AC
*
WA~sAa
des Vlaflenwesens
Wagen
Warme~bertragunsea
(2cna Spreaggranate Patrone Leuchtapur
Wtmeibettagng)generated
Weiche isenke rn
weiss
Werfer
Westr
Wolfram
See W, Wa.A
Heereon-Waffeanamt
Wasserbombe
Forschungsabteilirng des Heereswaffenamnts
Wagen
See under Warplants (descriptive section)
ate~,..natsh
Aktie ngvsellschaft
Stock Company
WC (such' as in
Marking on a 50 kg cylindrical smoke bomb (TN 9 .8-2,
NC 50 wC)
(50 kg Nebelcylindriache Bombe WC)
pp 58-)
WVEM
WAf fen e tgiftun gsmittel
Liquid preparation for decontamination of weapons
Werf
See W; Wet(
Wfgr
Werfergranate
Mortar shell; rocket
Wfk; WK;, WrfK
V urfkodrper
Special projectile for signal pistol such as V 'ry pistol
Example: VK 361 LP (Vurfkirper 361 fur Leuchtpistole) HE grenade (egg shape with C-tem) used for 26 mm signal pistol
Note: Abbreviation' V& was used also to designate some rockets, such as 32 cm Wfk M17150, 28 cm WfkSpr and 30 cm WkSpr 42
(TM 941985-2, pp 251-254)
Wgr W~
Wufgranate
Motrbell; rocket
iWgr Grinr
..
Wurfgranate,6.riinrinA
Chemical rocket, such as 150 mm pattern 41, with green
ring
Wgr Nb
Wurfgranate Nro.el
Mortar smoke shell; smoke rocket, such as 150 mm
WgtPatr LP
Wurfgranate P .rroi C fUr Leuchtpistole
HE mortar round for signal pistol
Examples 2.6 cm VgrPatr 326LP (26 mm HE round with percussion fuze, for signal pistol) and 2.6 cm WgrPatr LPMZZ
-(26
mm HE round with time fuze, for signal pistol)
WgrSpr
Wurfgranate Sprenggranate
HE mortar shell or HE rocket
Exempe:
15en V 41 Spr (10mm HE to-i-et, spin stabilized and 21 cm Wgr 1!2Spr (210 mm HE spin stabilized rocket)
(M,9-1985-2, pp 245 and 249)
WarZ; WZ
ufrnanznd
Mortar shell fuze
Note; According to. TM 9-198-3 (195), p 545 the WgrZ is a fuze for infantry Sun or howitzer
Morata she'l 'uze with body made of polyttyrece plastic
Wurfgranaaenzdinlet, Trolitul
WgrZT
mattriai
WH
Wehrmacht-Heer
Artned Forces Array (onark~ng on vehicles)
WIFO
See under Varplants (descriptive section)
Wimp
Wimpel
.Pennant;
streamer
wisp
Vinketspiegel
Protectoscope (Tic); periscope
WK
See Wfk; VK; VrfK
YKh (white' Even cilling)
weite Kammerh"Ise
Wide central flash tube (burster)
wKbNb
'weite Kammechbilse, Nebel
Mortar smoke shell with solid filling and wide central
flash tube
WL
Weihrmacht-Luftwaffe
Armed Force, Air Corps marking on vehicles
WI.
See Wurfldg
See V; Vehrm
Wal
VM
Vehrmacht- Marine
Armed Forces, Navy (marking on vehicles)
Mortar shell fuze
Wurfminenzunder
WMZ
Designation of airplanes brilt by Wiener Neustidter
Wiener-Neustadt
'IDn
Flugzeugwerk-c, Austria
Ordnance officer
,OWaffenoffizier
VPWachposten
Sentry post
t~irelpulver
Flaked propellant (in small rectangular tablets); dice
shaped propellant
Ger 343
WP,88ifclpillvcr,Construktion
JWTI's'e
88
r Wrt
See V, Wedf
WS rn (in rocket
Weismaun
8.6 cm RSpr 4001Warn)
(8.6 cm Raketcn Spreng 4 0 0,Weismann)
asttneniion
Wu (u~~has
i ___________Meanung
21 cm BdStz DO-Wu)
iUWv-fdtb; WL touch as 'in
Wurfladuag
10.5 uasStgr 345 m Wurilds 110.5 cm Stablgranate 345 mit Wurf-
(01loudwg
(f)l
TVA
WV
WZ; W~rZ
*W.Z36; Wg~rZ-36
Wzg; ".zg
WZgPatr
ze~chnung
Zeit
Zersto~rer
Zerlegung
Z. Zt
Z; Zerst
Z; Zig
ommSelhll35wtrdcdprplnghae
(Prench)1
Weapon repair shop
Mortar shell fuze
Mortar athell fuze (TM 9-1985-3. p 404)
Tool; implement
ziel
'Z
:ZZoll
*Z; Zg
Z
Z; 74,- 7.dr
Z;
uaSee
Za; ZSA; ZA'
ZaC; ZSAC
* ZaG; ZgAS
*
u
Zugkraftwagen
7~nder
Zus.
Zeugamt
Zeugamt,Cassel
ZeugantSpandau
zum~ Beispiel
Zwischenhodengeschoss
See in Vocabulary
Ordnance Department, Cassel
Ordnance Departmient, Spandau
8
for examiple
ZIB (black sten cilling)
Diaphragm shell; large caliber shell provided with a solid
partition
ZC (B)
Cemenrcylindrische (Bombe)
Cement-cylindrical (bomb)
Exav.,ples: ZC 10, ZC 50 and ZC 250 (Concrete practice bombs described :' TM 9-1985-2, pp 62-65)
Zd
See Z;-Zd; Zdf
Zdg
ZnugFiring;
detonation; priming
Zdh; Zdht
Zubndhullchen
See in Vocabulary
Booster charge (lit ignition charge); auxiliary booster
Z'41ndladung
Zdlg; ZdL; ZL
Zdlg A;
* Zdlg B
* Zdlg C/98
Zdlg C/98 Np
ZdlS 36 Np
ZdldgB; ZLdgB
ZdMitt
Zdr
Zdschn
ZdachnANZ
ZdschnANZ-39
.Zdschr; ZSr
Z6dschrFu
'dt
ZdV
ZDZ-29; Z uDZ-29
*Zehnlg (such as '
(15 cm NbW Zehnlg 42),
**
Zellqt
ZentrW
r'ZerI
Zer~gZerleger,
Ztndladuigsbuchoe
Zuadmittel
*See Z; Zd; Zdr
Zandschnur
Ziandschnuranzlinder
Z~ndschnuranzu*nder-39
Z6inaschraube
Zu;Indschrauben Futter
ZU11nderstrewnig
Ziindverbindwig
Zug- tind Druck ZUnder-2 9
Zihaling
(A5 cm Nebetwerfer Zehniling 42)
Znllstoff
Zentrierwulat
Zerleger
Fliehgewichts
Booster bushing
P.-iming or igniting substance
Safety fuse (lit Igniting string)
Igniter for safety fume
Friction, pull type igniter pattern 39 used for the ignition
of safety furp in demo'ition work vend for setting off mom iampeovined
mines and booby trap A(TM 9-1985-2, p 285)
Threaded percus-viot primer
Threaded bushing fa: percussion primer
Dispersion caused I y fuze differences
Relay (F.L)
Pull and pressure type igniter, pattern 29, for use in AlT
and A/P la.nd mine,%(TM 9-1985-2, p 202)
Ten-tuber
moe oktlu'hr
(150 mmTen-bree
Cellulose
Bourttlet (Pro))
Self-destruction element MFe)
Centrifugally operated self-destruction element in fuze
tGer 144
Zerll'; ZrIPS
Ze I S IZe rer
?.etl .Ze
zF
iuFuss
AF-4
ZF
:'.,
(uckas
Y
Z8
4ZA
Zielfemnrohr 4-fach
Zwischenfrequenz
f~br)(uldet fNir Haubegravate)
See Z; Zg
Set ZA; Za
ilsZeughaus
zaeIF
Z?.ielgew
ZielmUn
Zit
Zk
ziW,
Z;ZdL
ZLZwiachenladung
ZLUg
Zielferarobrt
Zielgewehr
Zielmunition
Zitadelle
n6kerze
Zugkrsftwagen
Zinltleglerung
Zu~ndlunte
ZM
*ZMZ
Zn (marking Po equipment)
Zldg
ZSnZ
ZSprL~dg
ZSr
ZSrF ff-l leilT
ZSrM
Zr
Demolition; destruction
Demoulition; destruction
Telescopic sight (arms)
Cipher; numeral
aftlot; on foot
Rifle sighting telescope, 4 -power
Intermediate frequency (Rad)
Marking on s point detonating fuze located under ballistic cap
Arsenal; armory
ielescopic sight
Subcoliber riflo! (lit Target wille)
Subcaliber ammunition (I1t Taegr.t ammunition)
Citadel
Spark plug
Prime mover truck, tractor
Vaoc alloy
Skhw march; igniting cord; fuze igniter
Intermediate blasting charge (combat engineers)
~~~~See
ZerIPSPre
* 711'S
Zugm'aschine
Zu~nder mit Verz~gerting
Zink
See ZusLdS
See ZdschaANZ
See Zus~prLdg
See' Zdschr
Zundschraubenfutter fOr die Hulsae der
leichten Hsubigtze-in-Turm
Zindetsrellmnarchine
certato
P~emvr
rco
Dou.-a~ction fuze
Made of zinc
Zeit
Ztschr
*ZrZ;
ZZdr;, ZZ
ztzdsh
7uDZ; ZDz
Zus; Zu; Z
'ZusKart
ZltsLdg
ZusSprLdg
Zuq7, 40
Zcitschrift
Zeirz1~der
.See ZDZ
Zurarz
Zlusatzksrtuache
Zusatzlsdung
ZusamzprengladungS
Zusatzzilader 40
ZUW
Zirndetuhrwetik
Zug- and Zerachneidezum.e-3
ZV
'ZVer
Zw; Zwil
Z~ndervorrichtung:
Zeugverwaltung
ZwilliI
See under Warplants (descriptive section)
ZuZza!35.
ZWjB
Z'wL
IZwillinjialafette
ZwMG; ZwtM
Ser~ie
Z;raying
Ze~tZersti.ung
Ze~trZertrlummerung
Zielferarohr
Ziffer
7.F
:7.'
*ZZ
*ZZ
Zers:tbe
Zrt
7 ers
Zerleaer, Pulvcert
e er
u vt s t
l su g z(te
willingsaraschineagewehr
Zwillingsisocket 42
Zwiireifahrzeug
ylinder
Zytindeqpulv er
7ylinderveisc'ldusa
See ZtZ; ZZdr
.Zerlegungsziider
1505
UISTRIBMYION LIST
PA.. Technical Report N'.- 2510
Commanding Officer
Picatinny Arsenal
Dover., New Jersey
ATTN: Technical Information Section
Copyv E'umber
1
-50
Chief of Ordnance
Dept of the Art7i
Washington 25, D. C.
ATTN. ORDGI-PNB
ORDU-SE
ORMGU-IN
ORDIK
ORDIT
aMYIB
Armed Services Technical information Agency
Arlington Hanl S'~aticn
Arlington 12# VIrginia,
Gumlanding General
A.berdeen Proving GrowA
Maryland72
52
5
54
5556
57 -58
59 -60
72
Coimmanding Usneia1
R~edstone Arsenal
Hunt evifles MAUabaa
82
Cominanding Officer
Diam~ond Ordnance Fuse Laboratory
'Connecticut Ave & Van Nees Street
Washington 25, D. C.
,ATTN; OR=DT 06-33
84 -85
Comman.ling General
Frankford Arsenel
!Bridge & Tacony-Streets
.Philadelphia 37,. Pennsylvania
Commanding officer
Holston Ordnance Works8A
Kiripppca'tTenneesseeo38
86-
83
87
90
91
Commanding Officer
Office of Ordnance Research
Box CM, Duke Station
Durham, North Carolina
92--
93
Commanding Officer
ArnM Chemical Center
Edgewood, Maryland
94 - 98
Commanding Ganeral
Ordnance Ammunition Command
Joliet, Illinois
99 - 101
Commanding General
Ordnance Weapons Command
Rock Island, Illinois
102
Commanding Officer
Rock Island Arsenal
Rock Island, Illinois
105
Commanding Officer
Springfield Armory
Springfield 1, Massachusetts
107 - 108
Commanding Officer
Watertown Arsenal
Watertown 72, Massachusetts
109 -
.10
111-
113
1.4
Commander
Naval Ordnance Laboratory
White Oak
Silver Spring, Maryland
i1A.
137
104
106
U6
Conmmnder
Naval Ordnance Teit Station
Inyokern
China Lake., California
3.20
122
Commanding Officer
123
-125
Coimmander
126 - 128
fort Belvoir
Virginia
129
133
134 - 138
Library of Congress
-VWashington, D. C.
139
140
Commanding General
Continental Army Command Headquarters
'Fort Monroe
Virginia
141 - 143
Washington 25, D. C.
-.ATTN: ReU3a.
144
Conmander
Nwa'l Research Laboratory
Washington, D. Co
145
U. S. Bureau of Mines
Braceton
Pennserlvania
146 -147
Direct-or/Ordnance
Vashington 25, D. C.
14
777,7
on Miat
SDistricuti
(
'ib)
Ccoyt
(cont'd)
Office of Technical Services
Department of Commerce
149
*150 - 165
*To bt issued to U. S.
Military Attaches in NATO
Countries aq per recommendation
by the Office
the Chief of Ordnance REP: 3rd Ind, dated 7 of
May 195L1
O0/7-639, 00
to PA.
NATO COUN,TRIES
Canada
Luxemburg
Iceland
Norway
Great Britain
Netherlands
Denmark
Belgium
Portugal
France
Ita3ly
Greece
Turkey
West Germany
Get 3A/,,
~~ZZS;
?,Z
Zugziidcg
Exampl Y.;-5 (pull type igniter used with ,:c'pp" "
v. Iooby traps and atockmines)(TI.
.zZ
stir Zeit
Z,."
Z~aderzvi i,
Zyid,"
Z/ylP
:
-00ft V
Rce
i i
.l6.S}
*ii*S
:...,!indrical
...
.ve
.j
e...,
Xtensic,
0.1ijs time
C...
p:-,'Je.
Purchrwe-~ -Yr
See at the erd c
..