RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM KEMUDI DAN REM

PADA KENDARAAN PROTOTYPE ETANOL GENDRA

KUMARA

PROPOSAL
TUGAS AKHIR
Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Sebutan Ahli Madya

Oleh :

ALIF TRISMUKTI WIJAYA

NIM. 143300056

PROGRAM DIPLOMA III

PROGRAM STUDI MESIN OTOMOTIF
JURUSAN TEKNIK
POLITEKNIK NEGERI MADIUN
2017

LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN
PROPOSAL TUGAS AKHIR
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM KEMUDI DAN REM
PADA KENDARAAN PROTOTYPE ETANOL GENDRA
KUMARA

Oleh :
ALIF TRISMUKTI WIJAYA
NIM. 143300056

Telah memenuhi syarat dan disetujui untuk diajukan ke Tim Penguji

Madiun, 12 Januari 2017

Ketua Jurusan Teknik

Dosen Pendahuluan Tugas Akhir

Sukamto, S.T., M.T.

NIP. 197811142014041001

Noorsakti Wahyudi, S.T., M.T.

NIDN. 07110670

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
PROPOSAL TUGAS AKHIR
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM KEMUDI DAN REM
PADA KENDARAAN PROTOTYPE ETANOL GENDRA
KUMARA
Oleh :
ALIF TRISMUKTI WIJAYA
NIM. 143300056
Telah memenuhi syarat dan disetujui untuk diajukan ke Tim Penguji
Madiun, 12 Januari 2017
No.

Nama

Keterangan

1.

Penguji 1

2.

Penguji 2

3.

Penguji 3

Tanda Tangan

Mengetahui,
Ketua Jurusan Teknik
Politeknik Negeri Madiun

Sukamto, S.T., M.T.

Koordinator Program Studi

Mesin Otomotif

Noorsakti Wahyudi, S.T., M.T.

NIP. 197811142014041001

NIDN. 0711067002
KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas berkah, rahmat serta karunia-Nya,
sehingga penulisan proposal tugas akhir yang berjudul Rancang Bangun Sistem
Kemudi dan Rem pada Kendaraan Prototype Etanol Gendra Kumara dapat
diselesaikan. Tidak lupa mengucapkan rasa terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang
telah membantu, membimbing, memberikan arahan, memberikan arahan,
masukan serta dorongan dalam penulisan proposal tugas akhir ini, kepada yang
terhormat :
1. Bapak Ir. Moh. Luqman, M.S. selaku Direktur Politeknik Negeri Madiun.
2. Bapak Sukamto, S.T., M.T. selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik Politeknik Negeri
Madiun.
3. Bapak Noorsakti Wahyudi, S.Pd., M.T. selaku Ketua Program Studi Mesin
Otomotif Politeknik Negeri Madiun.
4. Bapak Farid Majedi, S.T., M.T. selaku Dosen Pembimbing 1.
5. Bapak Kholis Nur Faizin, S.Pd., M.T. selaku Dosen Pembimbing 2.
6. Kedua orang tua, yang telah memberikan doa dan restu, dorongan, semangat,
bimbingan, serta saran selama melakukan penulisan proposal tugas akhir ini.
7. Rekan-rekan mahasiswa Mesin Otomotif semester akhir, yang telah
bekerjasama diskusi dan memberi masukan dalam penulisan proposal tugas
akhir ini.
Penulisan menyadari masih terdapat kekurangan dan kesalahan dalam
proposal tugas akhir ini, segala kritik dan saran yang bersifat membangun sangat
diharapkan untuk kesempurnaan isi proposal tugas akhir ini. Semoga segala
dorongan, bantuan, bimbingan dan pengorbanan yang telah diberikan dari

berbagai pihak di dalam penulisan proposal tugas akhir ini mendapat balasan yang
lebih dari Allah SWT.
Madiun, 10 Januari 2017
Penulis

Alif Trismukti Wijaya

143300056

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL.................................................................................................i
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN.................................................................................ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN................................................................................iii
KATA PENGANTAR..............................................................................................iv
DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................................v
DAFTAR GAMBAR..............................................................................................vi
DAFTAR TABEL..................................................................................................vii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang.............................................................................................1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah........................................................................................3
1.3 Batasan Masalah..........................................................................................3
1.4 Tujuan Tugas Akhir......................................................................................4
1.5 Manfaat Penelitian.......................................................................................4
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Karakteristik Bahan Bakar Etanol...............................................................5
2.2 Prinsip Motor Bakar 4 Langkah...................................................................8
2.2.1..................................................................................Langkah Hisap
..........................................................................................................8
2.2.2...........................................................................Langkah Kompresi
..........................................................................................................9
2.2.3.................................................................................Langkah Usaha
..........................................................................................................9
2.2.4.................................................................................Langkah Buang
........................................................................................................10
2.3 Kepala Silinder dan Mekanisme Katup Yamaha Mio J.............................11
2.3.1....................................................................................Katup (Valve)
........................................................................................................12
2.3.2..............................................................Pegas Katup (Valve Spring)
........................................................................................................12

2.3.3..................................................................Bos Katup (Valve Guide)

........................................................................................................13
2.3.4.......................................................................Pelatuk (Rocker Arm)
........................................................................................................14
2.3.5.......................................................................Noken As (Camshaft)
........................................................................................................15
2.4 Modifikasi Camshaft..................................................................................15
2.4.1...............................................................................Camshaft Profile
........................................................................................................16
2.4.2................................................................................................Durasi
........................................................................................................18
2.4.3.....................................................................Lobe Separation Angle
........................................................................................................19
2.4.4.............................................................................................Overlap
........................................................................................................20
2.4.5...........................................................................................Valve Lift
........................................................................................................21
2.4.6...........................................................................Camshaft Lobe Lift
........................................................................................................21
2.4.7............................................................................................Lift Rate
........................................................................................................21
2.4.8................................................................................Valve Clearance
........................................................................................................22
2.4.9.............................................................................................Full Lift
........................................................................................................22
2.4.10.....................................................Lift, Duration, and Acceleration
........................................................................................................23
2.4.11...........................................................................Durasi pada 1 mm
........................................................................................................23
2.4.12.......................................................Advance and Retard Camshaft
........................................................................................................24

BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

3.1 Diagram Alir..............................................................................................25
3.2 Tahap Tugas Akhir.....................................................................................26
3.2.1...................................................................................Studi Literatur
........................................................................................................26
3.2.2............................................................................Pengumpulan Data
........................................................................................................26
3.2.3............................................................................Langkah Persiapan
........................................................................................................27
3.2.4.......................................................................Langkah Perencanaan
........................................................................................................28
3.2.4.1..........................................Spesifikasi Camshaft Standar
..........................................................................................28
3.2.4.2.....................................................Camshaft Perubahan 1
..........................................................................................29
3.2.4.3.....................................................Camshaft Perubahan 2
..........................................................................................30
3.3 Prosedur Pembuatan...................................................................................32
3.3.1.................................................................................Alat dan Bahan
........................................................................................................32
3.3.2.......................................................................Tahap Pembongkaran
........................................................................................................33
3.4 Prosedur Pengambilan Data.......................................................................34
3.5 Pengujian....................................................................................................34
3.5.1.............................................................................................Alat Uji
........................................................................................................34
3.5.2............................................................Pengambilan Data Pengujian
........................................................................................................36
3.6 Jadwal Pembuatan Tugas Akhir.................................................................38
3.7 Rincian Anggaran Biaya Tugas Akhir........................................................39
DAFTAR PUSTAKA

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1

Langkah Hisap..................................................................................8

Gambar 2.2

Langkah Kompresi...........................................................................9

Gambar 2.3

Langkah Usaha...............................................................................10

Gambar 2.4

Langkah Buang...............................................................................10

Gambar 2.5

Kepala Silinder dan Mekanisme Katup Yamaha Mio J..................11

Gambar 2.6

Katup (Valve)..................................................................................12

Gambar 2.7

Pegas Katup (Valve Spring)............................................................13

Gambar 2.8

Bos Katup (Valve Guide)................................................................14

Gambar 2.9

Pelatuk (Rocker Arm).....................................................................14

Gambar 2.10 Noken As (Camshaft).....................................................................15

Gambar 2.11 Konstruksi Camshaft......................................................................16
Gambar 2.12 Durasi..............................................................................................18
Gambar 2.13 LSA (Lobe Separation Angle)........................................................19
Gambar 2.14 Overlap...........................................................................................20

Gambar 3.1

Diagram Katup dan Camshaft Standar Yamaha Mio J...................29

Gambar 3.2

Diagram Katup Perubahan 1...........................................................30

Gambar 3.3

Diagram Katup Perubahan 2...........................................................31

Gambar 3.4

Ilustrasi Pengambilan Data Pengujian............................................37

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1

Perbandingan beberapa sifat etanol dengan bensin...............................7

Tabel 2.2

Efek menggeser posisi camshaft timing..............................................24

Tabel 3.1

Spesifikasi Mesin Yamaha Mio J Fuel Injection.................................27

Tabel 3.2

Jadwal Pembuatan Tugas Akhir..........................................................38

Tabel 3.3

Rincian Anggaran Biaya Tugas Akhir.................................................39