y s ps
s=
For liquids and solids, the standard substance is pure water at 4C at which temperature, its
specific weight, ys = 9.81 KN/m3 and density ps = 1000 kg/m3 are at their maximum values. With these
constants, equation 1.1 may be used to compute the specific weight and density of a fluid given its specific
gravity s. For gases, the standard substance is either hydrogen or air at 0C and under a pressure of 101.3
KPa. Air at this temperature and pressure has y s = 12.7 N/m3 and ps = 1.29 kg/m3.
The specific gravity should not be confused with the density since these are two different properties
of a substance, the first one being dimensionless and the second having the dimensions kg/m 3 or gm/cm3.
In the SI units, however, these two are numerically equal if the density is expressed in gm/cm 3. For
example, water has specific gravity of unity and a density of 1 gm/cm 3.
Resources/Instruments Required:
U tube manometer
Scale
Mercury
Liquids whose specific gravity are to be determined
1. Procedure:
1. Pour an amount of distilled water in the U tube glass manometer
2. Add an amount of oil in the U tube glass manometer until it stands
3. Measure the heights of the water and oil inside the U tube manometer.
4. Evaluate the specific gravity of the unknown liquid using the derived formula below.
2
S 1h1
h2
S
5. Perform steps 1 to 4 with other liquids. For heavy fluids, use mercury as standard fluid.
Group No.:
Date Performed:
Group Members:
1
June 18,2015
Bacudio, Glory Zamantha C.
Section:
CE41FB5
Date Submitted: June 25,2015
Instructor:
Engr.J.Camino
2. Data Results:
Liquid
Oil and Water
Oil and Vinegar
Oil and Soy sauce
Soda and Water
h1
h2
21.25
23.5
0.90
25
13.75
1.64
24.5
16.78
1.32
24.6
2.80
7.88
3. Observations:
We, the students have observed that when 2 liquids are mixed and form a heterogeneous mixture,
the liquids on the u-tube manometer separates and you can easily see the 2 liquids being separated. We
observed that some of oil retained inside the u-tube. This might be the source of error in getting data.
4.
Analysis
In this experiment we expect to know how to determine the specific gravity using u tube
h i s1
s
=
2
manometer. To solve the specific gravity we use the formula
h2
Oil and water
s2 =
( 1 ) (21.25)
=0.90
(23.5)
( 0.90 ) (7 25 )
=1.64
(13.75)
( 0.9 0 ) ( 24.5 )
=1.32
( 16.78 )
Soda and water
s2 =
5. Conclusion:
( 1 ) ( 24.6 )
=7.88
( 2.8 )
We therefore conclude that specific gravity affects the positioning/height of liquids on a u-tube
manometer. if the objects specific gravity is less than one, the object will float on water , and if its
specific gravity is greater than one, it will sink. The experiment has shown that the liquids have different
specific gravity and density, and thats the main reason why theyre separating.
BEGINNER
ACCEPTABLE
PROFICIENT
I. Laboratory Skills
Manipulative
Members do not
Skills
Members occasionally
demonstrate needed skills.
Members always
demonstrate needed skills.
Experimental
Set-up
Process Skills
Members do not
demonstrate targeted
process skills.
Members occasionally
demonstrate targeted process
skills.
Members always
demonstrate targeted
process skills.
Safety
Precautions
Cooperative
and Teamwork
Neatness and
Orderliness
SCORE
Ability to do
independent
work
TOTAL SCORE
TotalScore
24
RATING
100%
) x
7000
kg
=713.558 m
9.81
specific volume=
713.558
S.G.=
kg
= 1.4010-3
m
kg
m3
7
=0.583
12
2. If 5.30 m3 of certain oil weighs 43,860 N, calculate the specific weight, density and specific volume.
43860
=
= 8.275kN
5.30
43860
9.81
kg
=
= 843.575 m
5.30
3
specific volume=
843.575
kg
= 1.18510
-3
m
kg
m3
3. The density of alcohol is 790 kg/m 3. Calculate its specific weight, specific gravity and specific
volume.
=g
=790(9.81)= 7749.9
N
3
S.G.=
790
=7.7499
1000
1
specific volume=
77499
kg
= 1.2910-4
m3
kg
m3
4. A cubic meter of air at 101.3 Kpa and 15C weighs 12 N, what is its specific volume?
=
P
RT
3
101.3
m
=
= 1.6610 -3
212(288)
kg
specific volume=
1
1.66 10
-3
kg
3
m
= 602.72
m
kg
5. What is the standard fluid used in hydraulics and what are its standard properties?
- Mineral oil or water are colourless and odourless
DOCUMENTATION