Vinyl Ester Epovia Data Sheet

VINYL ESTER RESINS
EPOVIA OPTIMUM
A WORLD LEADER
It may surprise you to know that CRAY
It is on this sound basis that CRAY
A long term strategy of investment in Plant
VALLEY is the largest resin and gelcoat
VALLEY is able to supply the complete
& Technology Research & Development
producer in the world as well as the
Polycor range the worlds number
and of course highly skilled Technicians
premier composite materials distributor.
one selling gel coat to all of our
& Operators has paid huge dividends
customers, wherever they are.
to all of our stakeholders and firmly

fixes CRAY VALLEYs position as a
Our range of high specification products

are delivered to customers across five
Using cutting edge techniques
market leader in the supply of composite
continents. (Europe, North America, South
and state of the art equipment, our
solutions.
America, Africa and Asia-Pacific)
production facilities consistently

produce Norsodyne polyester resins,
It is reassuring to know that all CRAY
This global presence is formed by the
Enydyne DCPD resins, Epovia vinyl
VALLEY products are formulated without
combined force of COOK COMPOSITES
esters, Polycor gel coats, Gravicol
the use of cadmium and lead containing
& POLYMERS (CCP) in North America
bonding pastes, Norsolook additives
pigments. This policy gives peace of
and CRAY VALLEY in all the other
and Thermaclean cleaning agents to
mind to all our customers who face ever
parts of the world. Together, with the
rigorously accurate standards for superior
increasing legislation regarding the
backing and support of the chemicals
performance. In fact, the undeniable
handling and use of hazardous materials.
division of our parent company TOTAL,
quality of our products is recognised
Our pigments are high quality organic
we specialise in the development and
worldwide, conforming as they do to
replacements already extensively used to
production of an impressive range of
industry standards.
excellent effect in the automotive industry.
solutions for the composite industry:

polyester and vinyl ester resins, gelcoats,
All CRAY VALLEY products are
bonding pastes, low profile additives,
manufactured and supplied in
VOC-free cleaning agents.
accordance with ISO 9001 quality

control requirements.
CONTENTS
AT A G L A N C E
HISTORY BACKGROUND
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
ADVANTAGE OF CORROSION RESISTANT FRP
EPOVIA OPTIMUM
EPOVIA OPTIMUM RANGE
REACTIVITY CURVES: EPOVIA KRF-1001
GENERAL FABRICATION TIPS
COMPARISON OF CORROSION
RESISTANT MATERIAL
10
APPLICATION OF EPOVIA OPTIMUM RESINS
11
CHEMICAL CORROSION GUIDE
12
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
29
A WO RLD LEA DER
HISTORY BACKGROUND
2
March 1979
Started to produce vinyl ester resin,
EPOVIA RF-1001, based on technical tie-up with

Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo (NSKK)
July 1986
Started to produce Novolac vinyl ester,
EPOVIA RF-1051, by the technology of NSKK
December 1988
Developed fire retardant vinyl ester resin,

EPOVIA RF-2000 SE
December 1992
Developed HET acid based resin, especially

for chromic acid resistant applications
January 2000
Developed Low Styrene Content vinyl ester resin,
EPOVIA RF-3000
August 2003
Developed rubber modified vinyl ester resin,
EPOVIA RF-3200
June 2008
Developed brand-new vinyl esters:
EPOVIA OPTIMUM range (KRF 1001, KRF 1051 & KRF-2000)
Commonly structures use glass-lining, rubber coating, metallic material such as stainless steel and PTFE for
the corrosion resistance of equipment and plant projects. The EPOVIA corrosion resistant resins can offer
considerably higher resistance to attack, from various kinds of corrosive chemicals, than many other plastic
or metallic materials. They are being used widely in fabricating industrial equipment and structures such as
absorption towers, process vessels, storage tanks, pipes, hood, scrubbers, ducts and exhaust stacks. Its
use is increasing at an accelerating rate over a broad rand of industrial applications.
ADVANTAGE OF CORROSION RESISTANT FRP

Corrosion-resistant EPOVIA products are generally used as FRP reinforced material with glass fibres or
synthetic fibres for special purposes. In most applications, higher corrosion resistance can be obtained
when the surface exposed to the chemical solutions has 80 to 90% resin content.
Corrosion
resistance
EPOVIA is equipped with outstanding resistance

to corrosion attack from many different chemicals.
Light weight
Corrosion resistant FRP is about one fifth the weight of steel.

EPOVIA based structure can be designed to offer higher
strength than steel on an equal weight basis. This property
is called structural efficiency or strength to weight ratio. By
the selection of the reinforcing materials, a wide range of
strength properties is available in FRP structures.
Heat resistance
Thermosetting resins have higher degree of resistance to

thermal aging than thermoplastic resin such as PVC and PE.
And thermosetting resins are much stronger at low temperature
environment as well.
Thermal
conductivity
Thermal conductivity values for the corrosion resistant FRP is

in the order of magnitude of 200 times lower than that of carbon
steel and therefore it results in superior insulation.
Chemical
stability
FRP structures have high resistance to chemical attack,

resulting in long term structural integrity during its service.
Clear casting
properties
The clear nature of EPOVIA resins allows for improved internal inspection.
Lamination
GENERAL DESCRIPTION & ADVANTAGES
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
EPOVIA resins can be applied in many types of ways, for example via
hand lay-up, spray-up, RTM, filament winding, pultrusion, etc
A corrosion barrier is also suggested for the exterior layer where spillage
of aggressive chemicals may occur.
EPOVIA OPTIMUM
EPOVIA vinyl ester resins

EPOVIA vinyl esters possess outstanding corrosion resistance against many kinds of chemicals
including both acids and alkalis, at room and elevated temperature. It has high impact resistance
and offers significant cost-saving advantages through construction, installation, and continuing use
such as absorption towers, process vessels, storage tanks, pipes, hood scrubbers, ducts, and
exhaust stacks.
EPOVIA OPTIMUM
EPOVIA OPTIMUM has been developed as an innovative product to meet market needs for the
highest performance. When compared to traditional vinyl esters it offers a high level of cure control
and low reaction foam. This results in a far lighter colour in liquid state, castings and laminates as
well as the ability to produce a high quality air free laminate. All of this is achieved whilst maintaining
the balance of mechanical properties and the high level of corrosion resistance associated with
EPOVIA, which has 30 years of successful case histories. These enhanced properties of EPOVIA
OPTIMUM reflects the market requirements for innovative technology whilst balanced with traditional
Vinyl ester properties.
Main benefits of EPOVIA OPTIMUM
Lighter colour than conventional vinyl ester

Easy-to-fabricate (easy control for gel time and exothermic temperature)
Enhanced storage stability
Customer-friendly for thin or thick laminates
Less foaming
Same corrosion resistance as the same grade of EPOVIA
VISCOSITY
dPa.s
GEL TIME
minutes
SOLID
CONTENT
FLEXURAL
STRENGTH
MPa
FLEXURAL
MODULUS
GPa
Bisphenol A epoxy vinyl ester. Designed for high corrosion

resistance to a range of acids, alkalis and solvents.
High elongation with balanced mechanical properties.
Widely used for contact molding, closed molding,
pultrusion and filament winding.
3.7
15
58%
148
3.6
4.0% 101C
Novolac epoxy vinyl ester. Exceptional chemical

resistance and excellent heat resistance due to its
high cross-linked backbone.
4.7
25
70%
134
3.4
3.0% 150C
Fire retardant epoxy vinyl ester. Offers the same

chemical resistance as KRF-1001. Widely used to
handle flammable liquids and mixture of hot gases
in FRP ducts, scrubbers and stacks.
3.5
15
65%
143
3.5
3.6% 117C
EPOVIA OPTIMUM
TYPE
KRF-1001
KRF-1051
KRF-2000
ELONGATION
AT BREAK
HDT
EPOVIA OPTIMUM
EPOVIA OPTIMUM Range
Special vinyl esters, such as low styrene content, rubber modified or primer are also available upon request.
Brookfield viscosity measured at 50 rpm at 23C. Gel time: 1.5% K12 / LPT + 0.5% NL23 at 23C. Mechanical properties are measured on pure resin,
after post-curing. (2 hours at 80C and 1 hour at 120C)
Many other technical information are available upon request (cut in gel, exotherm properties, glass impregnation properties, interlaminar adhesion,)
Fig.1:
1.5% K12 / LPT (23C)
45
Gel time (min.)
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
NL23 (%)
Gel time (min.)

KRF-1001
0,20
0,45
0,60
1,00
45
17
12
7
% of NL23
80
Fig. 2:
1,5% K12 / LPT + 0,1% Co (6%)
+ 0.04% DMA (25C)
Gel time (min.)
70
60
50
40
30
20
0,05
0,1
0,15
NLC10 (%)
Gel time
(min.)
0,00
0,05
0,10
0,20
36
40
50
76
0,2
% of NLC10
120
Fig. 3:
1,5% K12 / LPT + 0,02% DMA (15C)
15C is the lowest temperature to make FRP parts.
100
Gel time (min.)
REACTIVITY CURVES: EPOVIA OPTIMUM KRF-1001
50
80
60
% Cobalt
Gel time
(min.)
40
0,10
0,20
0,30
0,40
0,50
128
65
48
38
20
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
% Cobalt (6%)
80
Fig. 4:
1,5% K12 / LPT + 0.3% Co (6%)
+ 0,06% DMA (35C)
35C is the highest temperature to make FRP parts.
70
Gel time (min.)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
% NLC10
Gel time
(min.)
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,80
5
12
21
68
0,8
% of NLC10
Reactivity is under influence of temperature, metals, salts, amine content and peroxide. The curing is exothermic and should be run under control to avoid
delamination in thick laminate and stress due to warpage. Cumene hydroperoxide is often used to reduce foaming and better control gel time and exotherm.
Other reactivity curves are available upon request. LPT stands for Butanox LPT. K12 stands for Luperox K12.
Fig.1:
1.5% K12 / LPT (23C)
Gel time (min.)
50
40
30
NL23 (%)
Gel time
(min.)
0,20
0,45
0,60
1,00
54
30
20
10
20
10
0
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,7
0,6
0,9
0,8
% of NL23
54
Fig. 2:
1,5% K12 / LPT + 0,1% Co (6%)
+ 0.04% DMA (25C)
52
Gel time (min.)
50
48
46
44
42
40
0,02
0,04
0,06
NLC10 (%)
Gel time
(min)
0,00
0,05
0,10
44
50
53
0,1
0,08
% of NLC10
200
Fig. 3:
1,5% K12 / LPT + 0,02% DMA (15C)
180
160
60
Gel time (min.)
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
% Cobalt
Gel time
(min.)
0,10
0,20
0,30
0,40
0,50
190
120
86
72
70
0,5
% Cobalt (6%)
30
Fig. 4:
1,5% K12 / LPT + 0.3% Co (6%)
+ 0,06% DMA (35C)
Gel time (min.)
25
20
15
% NLC10
Gel time
(min.)
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,80
7
11
18
28
10
5
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
% of NLC10
Fig.1:
1.5% K12 / LPT (23C)
Gel time (min.)
30
20
10
0
0,2
0,3
0,5
0,4
0,7
0,6
0,9
0,8
NL23 (%)
Gel time
(min.)
0,20
0,45
0,60
1,00
32
13
10
7
% of NL23
40
Fig. 2:
1,5% K12 / LPT + 0,1% Co (6%)
+ 0.04% DMA (25C)
35
Gel time (min.)
40
30
25
20
15
0,04
0,02
0,06
0,08
NLC10 (%)
Gel time
(min.)
0,00
0,05
0,10
20
26
36
0,1
% of NLC10
140
Fig. 3:
1,5% K12 / LPT + 0,02% DMA (15C)
120
Gel time (min.)
100
80
% Cobalt
Gel time
(min.)
0,10
0,20
0,30
0,40
0,50
96
49
38
32
29
60
40
20
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
Gel time (min.)
% Cobalt (6%)
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Fig. 4:
1,5% K12 / LPT + 0.3% Co (6%)
+ 0,06% DMA (35C)
0,4
0,2
% NLC10
Gel time
(min.)
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
4
10
16
28
0,6
% of NLC10
Typical structural lay-up of Chemical resistant FRP Products is illustrated below
CHEMICALS
Topcoat or Corrosion Resistant barrier
with surfacing mat/veil (0.25 1mm)
Support barrier with chopped
strand mat (3~5mm)
Structural Laminate built

to required strength
Gelcoat, if necessary for UV resistance

of chemical vessel, or primer if lining
O U T E R L AY E R O R S U B S T R AT E
STANDARD REQUIREMENTS FOR PROCESS
Corrosion
resistant barrier
The layer is mainly comprised of minimum 0.25-0.50 mm thickness

of resin by using C-glass surface mat or synthetic veil.
Support
Barrier
Minimum 3-5mm of layer has to be reinforced with chopped

strand mat or gun roving, i.e. discontinuous strands.
Structural
laminates
The reinforced layer must meet tensile and flexural strength suitable
for anti-corrosion structure. When applying layers of mat, woven roving
and yarn cloth, each layer has to be overlapped by at least 25 mm when
laminated. When woven roving or yarn cloth is applied, chopped strand
mat has to be used within alternate layers of roving or yarn cloth.
Thickness
of laminates
A minimum corrosion barrier and support barrier is required in all

structures, typically 3.2 mm for ducts and 4.8 mm for pipes or tanks.
Appearance
Final laminated products should not have defects such as

insufficient impregnation of mat, air bubbles and pinholes, also
be free from contamination of foreign particles or substances.
Dosage
of Promoter/
Hardener
Vinyl ester will not completely cure if the dosage of promoter & hardener
is too low or if it is not dispersed adequately. When vinyl ester is not cured
well, post-cure will not be effective. The key to obtaining good resistance
to the chemicals is to have a well-cured laminate. Please refer to the
standard cure conditions mentioned in the individual product data sheet.
Post-cure
Post-cure should be carried out to reach the optimum corrosion

resistance of laminates. Recommendation: 1 hour per mm thickness
(between 4 and 10 hours) at 80C
Wax solution
To cure the air-contacting surface of laminates, paraffin wax solution

should be used. Recommendation: 3 parts of 5% paraffin wax solution
per 100 parts of resin in the final ply.
GENERAL FABRICATION TIPS
STANDARD OF LAMINATION
COMPARISON OF CORROSION RESISTANT MATERIAL
EPOVIA
EPOVIA
RF-1051
RF-1001
Mat laminate Mat laminate
Specific gravity
Stainless
steel
(SUS32)
Hastelloy
C
Aluminum
PVC
Neoprene
rubber
Polypropylene
1.43-1.47
1.36-1.40
7.91
8.00
8.80
2.84
1.45
1.64
0.91
Tensile strength (kg/mm2)
12
12
46.4
59.6
59.6
8.5
5.0-6.0
1.9-3.5
2.5-3.8
Young modulus (kg/mm2x102)
9.0
9.0
211
197
183
70
2.4-4.2
0.7-4.2
1.1-1.4
Coef. of thermal expansion

(cm/cm.Cx10-5 )
2.1
2.3
1.2
1.6
1.1
2.4
7.0
12-13
11.0
Thermal conductivity
(kcal/mhr.C)
0.22
0.22
41.5
14.0
9.7
199.5
0.13
0.10
0.08
Structural efficiency
(specific strength)
6.1-12.9
6.1-12.9
2.9
3.1
4.0
1.0
1.7-2.9
1.2-2.1
2.8-4.2
Chloroacetic acid
O
99% max
O
60max
Oxalic acid
O
60max
H2SO4 dil.
O
5% max
O
60max
O
75% max
O
75% max
O
85% min
O
85% min
O
25C
O
60max
O
25C
O
50%/80Cmax
HCI dil.
O
60max
HCI conc.
O
60max
O
36%/20Cmax
H3PO4 conc.
O
60max
O
95% max
HF
O
20% max
O
20% max
O
25max
H2SiF6
O
35% max
O
35% max
O
60max
NaOH dil.
O
50% max
O
50% max
O
20% max
O
77% max
O
60max
KOH dil.
O
50% max
O
50% max
O
60max
Ammonia Water
O
50% max
NaOCI ClO2 , CI2
O
50% max
O
50% max
O
60%/25Cmax
O
25%/25C
H2SO4 conc.
NH4Cl
Acid chloride salts
X: cannot resist - O: resist up to
10
Carbon
steel
(SS41)
O
O
70%/40Cmax 70%/40Cmax
O
O
50% max 38%/80Cmax
APPLICABLE PARTS
Pulp & Paper
Bleaching tank, washer tank, general bleaching facilities,

scrubber, absorbing tower, waste water tank, gas pipe,
storage chest, hoods, covers
Textile
Raw material tank, neutralizing tank, washing tank, absorbing

tower, bleaching tank, mangle bath, rinsing tank, waste liquid
pipe, ducts, hoods, fans, covers and linings
Chemicals
Chemical plant: raw material tank, pipe, flange, duct, pump,

valve, strainer, filter press, reacting tank,
Food & Drug
Storage tank, transportation tank, pure water tank, processing

equipment, container and lining
Metals
Pickling tank, waste treatment tank
Mining
Electrolyzing tank, galvanizing tank, absorbing tower, scrubber,

washing tank, waste liquid pipe, various pipes, fans, ducts,
equipment and floor lining
Pollution Treatment Desulphurization facilities, lining and filter press for waste
water treatment plant
Transportation
Transportation container, tanker vehicles
Power plant
Desulphurization facilities, waste water pipe
Hot springs
Hot water pipe, water tanks, tile joints
Oil
Oil transportation pipe, storage tank, sea water pipes
APPLICATION OF EPOVIA OPTIMUM RESINS
INDUSTRY
Note: Since many variables that affect the performance of laminates are beyond
of CRAY VALLEYs control, no warranty concerning any use of EPOVIA resin can
be made. However, service conditions shown in this document are believed
acceptable within the properties of EPOVIA when laminates are properly designed,
fabricated and installed.
11
BONDING PASTES
Maximum Service Temperature (C) for EPOVIA OPTIMUM Resins
Chemicals
Notes
Concentration
(%)
KRF-1001
KRF-1051
KRF-2000
Acetaldehyde
CR
20
35
40
35
Acetaldehyde
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Acetic Acid
CR
25
100
100
100
Acetic Acid
CR
50
80
80
75
Acetic Acid
CR
75
50
60
45
Acetic Acid, Glacial
CR
100
NR
30
NR
Acetic Anhydride
CR
100
NR
35
NR
Acetone
CR
50
70
50
Acetone
CR
10
TC
60
TC
Acetone
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Acetonitrile
CR
20
40
40
40
Acetonitrile
CR
100
NR
TC
NR
Acetyl Acetone
CR
20
40
50
40
Acetyl Acetone
CR
100
NR
TC
NR
Acrolein (Acrylaldehyde)
CR
20
40
40
40
Acrolein (Acrylaldehyde)
CR
100
NR
TC
NR
Acrylamide
CR
50
35
40
35
Acrylic Acid
CR
25
40
40
40
Acrylic Acid
CR
100
NR
40
NR
Acrylic Latex
CR
All
80
80
80
Acrylonitrile
CR
20
40
40
40
Acrylonitrile
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Acrylonitrile Latex Dispersion
CR
25
25
25
Activated Carbon Beds, Water Treatment
CR
100
80
90
80
Adipic Acid A.S
CR
100
80
80
80
Alcohol, Amyl and Butyl
CR
100
50
65
50
Alcohol, Ethyl
CR
95
25
40
25
Alcohol, Isodecyl
CR
100
50
80
50
Alcohol, Propyl
CR
100
50
50
50
Alkyl Aryl Sulfonate Salts
CR
All
60
60
60
Alkyl (C8-C10) Dimethyl Amine
CR
100
80
100
80
Alkyl (C8-C18) Chloride
CR
All
80
100
95
Alkyl Aryl Ammonium Salt
CR
All
80
80
80
Alkyl Aryl Sulfonic Acid
CR
All
60
60
60
Alkyl Benzene Ammonium Salt
CR
All
80
80
80
Alkyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid
CR
All
60
60
60
Alkyl Phenol Polyglycol Ether Sulfates and Salts
CR
All
60
60
60
Alkyl Sulfonate
CR
All
60
60
60
Alkyl Sulfonic Acid
CR
All
60
60
60
Allyl Alcohol
CR
100
NR
25
NR
Allyl Chloride
CR
100
25
25
25
Alpha-Methylstyrene
CR
100
TC
50
TC
Alpha-Oleum Sulfates
CR
100
50
50
50
Alum
CR
All
100
120
100
Alumina Hydrate
CR
All
80
80
80
Aluminum Chloride
CR
Satd
100
120
100
Aluminum Chlorohydrate
CR
All
95
100
95
Aluminum Chlorohydroxide
CR
50
95
95
95
Aluminum Fluoride
DSV
All
25
30
25
Aluminum Hydroxide
DSV
100
75
95
75
Aluminum Nitrate
CR
Satd
85
90
85
Aluminum Potassium Sulfate
CR
Satd
100
120
100
Aluminum Sulfate
CR
Satd
100
120
100
Please see the last page for NOTES
12
Notes
Concentration
(%)
KRF-1001
KRF-1051
KRF-2000
Amine Salts
CR
All
50
65
50
Amino Acids
CR
All
40
45
40
Ammonia Gas (Dry)
CR
100
30
40
30
Ammonia Vapors (Wet)
CR
40 vol%
80
80
80
Ammonia, Liquified Gas
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Ammonium Acetate
CR
All
25
40
25
Ammonium Bicarbonate
CR
0-50
70
70
70
Ammonium Bicarbonate
CR
Satd
60
70
60
Ammonium Bifluoride
CR
All
65
65
65
Ammonium Bisulfite Black Liquor
CR
All
80
80
80
Ammonium Bisulfite Cooking Liquor
CR
100
65
65
65
Ammonium Bromate
CR
All
70
80
70
Ammonium Bromide
CR
All
70
80
70
Ammonium Carbonate
CR
All
60
70
50
Ammonium Chloride
CR
All
100
100
100
Ammonium Citrate
CR
All
65
65
65
Ammonium Fluoride
CR
All
65
65
65
Ammonium Hydroxide
DSV
60
80
60
Ammonium Hydroxide
DSV
20
60
70
60
Ammonium Hydroxide
DSV
30
40
40
40
CR
All
50
50
50
80
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate

Ammonium Ligno Sulfonate
CR
All
80
80
Ammonium Molybdate
CR
All
65
45
45
Ammonium Nitrate
CR
All
100
120
100
Ammonium Oxalate
CR
All
65
45
45
40
40
80
Ammonium Pentaborate
CR
All
50
Ammonium Perchlorate
CR
0-15
75
Ammonium Persulfate
CR
All
80
80
Ammonium Phosphate, dibasic
CR
All
95
100
95
Ammonium Phosphate, monobasic
CR
All
100
100
100
Ammonium Polysulfide
CR
All
50
65
50
Ammonium Sulfate
CR
All
100
120
100
Ammonium Sulfide (Bisulfide)
CR
All
50
50
50
Ammonium Sulfite
CR
Satd
65
65
65
Ammonium Thiocyanate
CR
20
100
100
100
Ammonium Thiocyanate
CR
Satd
50
50
50
Ammonium Thioglycolate
CR
All
40
40
40
Ammonium Thiosulfate
CR
All
50
50
50
Amyl Acetate
CR
All
20
50
NR
Amyl Alcohol
CR
100
50
65
50
Amyl Alcohol, Vapor
CR
100
50
100
50
Amyl Chloride
CR
100
50
50
50
Aniline
CR
20
40
40
40
Aniline
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Aniline Hydrochloride
CR
All
80
80
80
Aniline Sulfate
CR
All
100
100
100
Animal Fat
CR
100
80
Anionic Surfactant
CR
All
40
50
40
Aqueous Ammonia
DSV
60
80
60
Aqueous Ammonia
DSV
20
60
70
60
Arsenic Acid
CR
All
80
80
80
Barium Acetate
CR
All
80
80
80
Barium Bromide
CR
All
95
95
95
Chemicals
13
BONDING PASTES
Notes
Concentration
(%)
KRF-1001
KRF-1051
KRF-2000
Barium Carbonate
CR
All
100
120
100
Barium Chloride
CR
All
100
100
100
Barium Cyanide
CR
All
65
65
65
Barium Hydroxide
CR
All
65
65
65
Barium Sulfate
CR
All
80
80
80
Barium Sulfide
CR
All
80
80
80
Barley Solution
CR
> 0.5
75
NR
NR
Beer
CR
> 0.5
50
NR
NR
Beet Sugar Liquor
CR
> 0.5
80
NR
NR
NR
NR
Chemicals
Benzaldehyde
CR
100
NR
Benzalkonium Chloride
CR
Diluted
40
Benzene
CR
100
NR
40
NR
Benzene Sulfonic Acid
CR
50
65
65
65
Benzene, Vapor
CR
100
25
40
NR
Benzoic Acid
CR
All
100
100
100
Benzyl Alcohol
CR
20
40
50
40
Benzyl Alcohol
CR
100
NR
40
NR
Benzyl Chloride
CR
100
NR
25
NR
Benzyltrimethylammonium Chloride
CR
60
40
40
40
Bicarbonate
CR
50
60
70
60
Black Liquor (Pulp & Kraft Mill)
DSV
Thick
90
100
105
Black Liquor (Pulp & Kraft Mill)
DSV
Thin
80
80
80
Black Liquor Recovery, Furnace Gases
CR
100
165
205
165
Borax
CR
All
100
100
100
Boric Acid
CR
All
100
100
100
Boron Trichloride Scrubbing
CR
> 0.5
65
65
65
Brake Fluids
CR
100
50
50
50
Brine, Salt
CR
All
100
100
100
Brominated Phosphate Ester
CR
> 0.5
Bromine, Dry and Wet Gas
CR
All
30
40
30
Bromine, Liquid
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Brown Stock
CR
100
90
80
90
Bunker C Fuel Oil (Heavy fraction)
CR
100
100
105
100
Butadiene (Gas)
CR
100
45
45
45
Butane
CR
100
60
60
60
Butanol
CR
100
50
65
50
2,2-Butoxy Ethoxy Ethanol
CR
100
40
40
40
Butyl Acetate
CR
100
NR
30
NR
Butyl Acrylate
CR
100
NR
25
NR
Butyl Alcohol
CR
All
50
65
50
Butyl Alcohol / Benzene
CR
93/4
NR
50
NR
Butyl Amine
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Butyl Benzoate
CR
70
NR
40
NR
Butyl Benzyl Phthalate
CR
100
80
100
80
Butyl Carbitol, Diethylene Glycol Butyl Ether
CR
100
40
40
40
Butyl Chloride
CR
0.1 - 100
NR
25
NR
Butyl Hypochlorite
CR
98
NR
NR
NR
Butyl Stearate (5% in Mineral Spirits)
CR
All
NR
40
NR
Butylene Glycol
CR
100
70
80
70
Butylene Oxide
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Butyraldehyde
CR
100
NR
35
NR
Butyric Acid
CR
50
100
100
100
Butyric Acid
CR
100
30
45
30
50
14
Notes
Concentration
(%)
KRF-1001
KRF-1051
KRF-2000
Cadmium Chloride
CR
All
100
100
100
Calcium Bisulfite
CR
All
100
100
100
Calcium Bromide
CR
All
100
100
100
Calcium Carbonate (slurry)
CR
All
80
80
80
Calcium Chlorate
CR
All
100
120
100
Calcium Chloride
CR
All
100
120
100
Calcium Hydroxide
DSV
25
90
100
90
Calcium Hydroxide
DSV
100
90
90
90
Calcium Hypochlorite
DSV+BPO
20
80
100
80
Calcium Hypochlorite
DSV+BPO+PC
All
70
80
70
CR
All
100
100
100
Calcium Nitrate
Calcium Sulfate
CR
All
100
120
100
Calcium Sulfite
CR
All
100
100
100
Cane Sugar Liquor & Sweetwater
CR
All
80
80
80
Capric Acid (Decanoic Acid)
CR
All
80
80
80
Caproic Acid (Hexanoic Acid)
CR
100
25
50
25
Caprolactam
CR
100
NR
TC
NR
Caprolactam
CR
0-50
40
40
40
Caprolactone
CR
100
NR
TC
NR
Caprylic Acid (Octanoic Acid)
CR
100
80
100
80
Caramel
CR
All
50
Carbon Dioxide Gas
CR
All
160
205
165
Carbon Disulfide
CR
100
NR
TC
NR
CR, NCC
Fumes
40
60
40
Carbon Monoxide Gas
CR
160
205
165
Carbon Tetrachloride
CR
100
65
80
45
Carbon Tetrachloride, Vapor
CR
All
70
90
60
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol
CR
100
65
80
65
Carboxyethyl Cellulose
CR
10
65
65
65
Carboxymethyl Cellulose
CR
All
65
65
65
Cashew Nut Oil
CR
100
65
65
65
Castor Oil (Ricinus Oil)
CR
100
70
70
70
Cationic/Anionic Polymer Emulsions

in Petroleum Distillates/Water
CR
0 - 50
40
50
Cetyl Alcohol (Hexadecanol)
CR
100
65
80
Chlordimeform (Galecron Insecticide)
CR
100
25
50
25
Chloric Acid
CR
All
25
25
25
Chlorinated Brine, pH < 2.5
DSV+BPO
Satd Cl2
80
95
80
Chlorinated Brine, pH > 9 (Hypochlorite)
DSV+BPO
Satd Cl2
80
65
80
Chlorinated Pulp
CR
All
80
95
90
Chlorinated Wax
CR
All
80
80
80
Chlorination Washer (Hoods & Vent Systems)
CR
Vapors, All
80
95
80
DSV
All
60
65
50
Carbon Disulfide, Dry fumes
Chlorine Dioxide
Chlorine Dioxide Scrubber
DSV+BPO
75
65
75
Chlorine Dioxide,
No Chlorine (Bleaching Solution)
CR
All
80
95
90
Chlorine Dioxide,Solution Storage
CR
100
20
20
20
DVC
100
100
120
100
80
Chlorine Dry Gas

Chlorine Water, pH < 2.5
Chlorine Water, pH > 9
Chlorine Water, pH 2.5-9
Chlorine, Wet Gas
Chlorine-Hydrogen Chloride,
with Aqueous Condensate
CR
Satd Cl2
80
95
DSV+BPO
Satd Cl2
80
65
80
CR
Satd Cl2
TC
TC
TC
DSV
100
100
120
100
80
100
80
DSV+DVC+ECR 8-10% HCl
Chemicals
15
BONDING PASTES
Chemicals
Notes
Concentration
(%)
KRF-1001
KRF-1051
KRF-2000
Chloroacetic Acid
CR
0-25
50
50
50
Chloroacetic Acid
CR
26-50
40
40
40
Chloroacetic Acid
CR
51-85
25
25
25
Chloroacetic Acid
CR
86 - 100
NR
NR
NR
Chlorobenzene
CR
100
NR
40
NR
NR.
NR.
NR.
Chloroform
CR
100
CR, NCC
Fumes
Chloropentane (1 to 5 Cl)
CR
100
Chloropicrin (Nitrochloroform)
CR
100
Chloropropionic acid
CR
100
Chloropyridine (Tetra)
CR
100
25
50
25
Chlorosulfonic Acid
CR
10
NR
NR
NR
Chlorotoluene
CR
100
25
40
25
Choline Chloride
CR
All
50
65
50
Chrome Reduction Process
CR
25
90
Chromic Acid
CR
10
65
65
60
Chromic Acid
CR
20
40
50
40
Chromic Acid
CR
30
NR
NR
NR
Chromic/Sulphuric Acid
CR
10
TC
TC
TC
Chromium Plate, Electroplating

with a Salt Solution
CR
100
55
55
55
Chromium Sulfate, Water soluble forms
CR
All
100
100
100
Citric Acid
CR
All
100
100
100
Cobalt Chloride
CR
All
100
100
100
Cobalt Citrate
CR
All
80
80
Cobalt Nitrate
CR
All
100
100
100
Coconut Oil
CR
All
80
95
80
Cod-liver Oil
CR
All
40
40
40
Copper Chloride
CR
All
100
100
100
Copper Cyanide
CR
All
100
100
100
Copper Nitrate
CR
All
100
100
100
Chloroform, Dry fumes
80
80
40
55
40
NR
TC
NR
90
Copper Sulfate
CR
All
100
120
100
Corn Oil
CR
100
80
100
80
Corn Starch
CR
Slurry
90
100
90
Corn Sugar/Syrup (Glucose)
CR
All
90
100
90
Cottonseed Oil
CR
100
90
100
90
Crude Oil, Sweet, Sour
CR
100
100
120
100
Cumene
CR
100
25
50
25
Cyanuric Acid
CR
All
25
50
25
Cyanuric Chloride
CR
All
50
50
50
Cyclohexane
CR
100
50
65
50
Cyclohexanol
CR
100
35
Cyclohexylamine
CR
100
30
Cyclopentane
CR
100
40
50
Decanoic Acid
CR
All
80
80
80
Decanol
CR
100
50
80
50
Detergents, Organic
CR
100
70
95
70
De-waxed Paraffin Distillate
CR
100
80
80
80
Di-2-Ethylhexyl Phosphoric Acid in Kerosene
CR
20
80
80
80
Diacetone Alcohol
CR
10
40
50
40
Diacetone Alcohol
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Diallyl Phthalate
CR
All
80
100
Diammonium Phosphate
CR
All
100
100
40
100
16

Concentration
(%)
KRF-1001
KRF-1051
KRF-2000
Dibromonitrilo-Proprionamide
CR
100
NR
40
NR
Dibromophenol
CR
100
NR
40
NR
Dibromopropane
CR
100
NR
40
NR
Dibromopropanol
CR
100
Dibutyl Carbitol (Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether)
CR
100
Dibutyl Ether
CR
100
25
65
Dibutyl Phthalate
CR
100
80
100
Dibutyl Sebacate
CR
100
50
65
Dichlorobenzene (o-, m-, p-)
CR
100
NR
50
NR
Dichloroethane
CR
100
NR
25
NR
Dichloroethylene
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride)
CR
100
NR
TC
NR
Dichloropropane
CR
100
NR
40
NR
40
25
40
25
80
Dichloropropene
CR
100
NR
25
NR
Dichloropropionic Acid
CR
100
NR
40
NR
Dichlorotoluene
CR
100
25
50
25
Diesel Engine Oil
CR
100
80
100
72
Diesel Fuel
CR
100
80
90
70
Diethanolamine
CR
100
50
65
50
Diethyl Benzene
CR
100
40
65
30
Diethyl Carbonate
CR
100
NR
40
NR
Diethyl Ether
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Diethyl Formamide
CR
20
40
40
40
Diethyl Formamide
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Diethyl Hydroxylamine
CR
100
NR
TC
NR
Diethyl Ketone
CR
20
40
50
40
Diethyl Ketone
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Diethyl Sulfate
CR
100
40
50
40
Diethylamine
CR
20
40
40
40
Diethylamine
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Diethylaminoethanol
CR
100
50
50
50
Diethylbenzene
CR
100
40
65
40
Diethylene Glycol
CR
All
80
100
80
Diethylene Glycol Dimethylether
CR
20
40
40
40
Diethylene Glycol Dimethylether
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Diethylene Glycol n-Butyl Ether
CR
100
40
40
40
Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid
CR
All
40
50
50
Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid,sodium salt
CR
40
40
50
50
Diglycolamine (Aminoethoxyethanol)
CR
20
40
50
40
CR
50
40
40
40
CR
100
NR
TC
NR
Diisobutyl Ketone
CR
100
NR
50
NR
Diisobutyl Phthalate
CR
100
65
65
65
Diisobutylene
CR
100
30
40
30
Diisonoyl Phthalate
CR
100
65
100
65
Diisopropanolamine
CR
100
50
65
50
Dimethyl Acetamide
CR
20
40
40
40
Dimethyl Acetamide
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Dimethyl Acetamide, Dry fumes
CR
Fumes
80
80
Dimethyl Amine
CR
20
40
40
40
Dimethyl Amine
CR
40
NR
NR
NR
Dimethyl Aniline
CR
100
NR
40
NR
Dimethyl Formamide
CR
20
40
40
40
Notes
Chemicals
17
Chemicals
Dimethyl Formamide
Concentration
(%)
KRF-1001
KRF-1051
KRF-2000
NR
NR
NR
CR
100
CR, NCC
Fumes
Dimethyl Morpholine
CR
100
Dimethyl Phthalate
CR
Dimethyl Sulfate
CR
Dimethyl Formamide, Dry fumes
80
80
NR
40
NR
100
65
80
65
20
40
50
40
Dimethyl Sulfate
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Dimethyl Sulfide
CR
100
NR
25
NR
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
CR
20
40
40
40
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) in Water
CR
20
2,2-Dimethyl Thiazolidine
CR
65
80
Dimethylammonium Hydrochloride
CR
70
40
50
40
Dimethylcarbonate
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Dioctyl Phthalate
CR
100
65
100
65
Diphenyl Oxide (Diphenyl Ether)
CR
100
25
50
25
Dipotassium Phosphate
CR
All
100
100
100
Dipropylene Glycol
CR
All
80
100
80
Dipropylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether
CR
20
40
65
50
Dipropylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether
CR
100
NR
20
NR
Divinyl Benzene
CR
100
30
47
30
Dodecanol (Lauryl Alcohol)
CR
100
65
80
65
Dodecene
CR
100
65
80
65
Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid
CR
All
80
100
80
Dodecyldimethylamine
CR
100
80
100
80
Dodecylmercaptan
CR
100
80
100
80
Epichlorohydrin
CR
100
TC
25
NR
Epoxidized Castor Oil
CR
All
40
40
40
Epoxidized Soybean Oil
CR
100
65
65
65
Esters, Fatty Acid
CR
100
80
80
80
Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)
CR
10
50
65
50
20
65
CR
50
40
60
30
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
CR
51-95
25
40
25
CR, NCC
Fumes
65
80
65

Ethanol, Dry fumes
BONDING PASTES
Notes
Ethanolamine
CR
20
40
50
40
Ethanolamine
CR
100
25
40
25
Ethephon
CR
100
40
Ethoxy Acetic Acid
CR
10
40
Ethoxy Acetic Acid
CR
100
NR
TC
Ethoxylated Alcohol, C12-C14
CR
100
25
50
25
Ethoxylated Nonyl Phenol
CR
100
NR
40
NR
Ethyl Acetate
CR
100
NR
25
NR
CR, NCC
Fumes
80
60
CR
100
NR
25
NR
Ethyl Amine
CR
20
40
40
40
Ethyl Amine
CR
40
NR
25
NR
Ethyl Amine
CR
70
NR
TC
NR
Ethyl Bromide
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Ethyl Chloride
CR
100
NR
25
NR
Ethyl Ether
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
2-Ethyl hexanol
CR
100
65
80
65
Ethyl Sulfate
CR
100
40
40
40
Ethyl Acetate, Dry fumes

Ethyl Acrylate
NR
Ethyl Alcohol (see Ethanol)
18
Notes
Concentration
(%)
KRF-1001
KRF-1051
KRF-2000
NR
Ethyl-3-Ethoxy Propionate
CR
100
NR
25
Ethylbenzene
CR
100
25
50
25
Ethylene Chloride
CR
100
NR
25
NR
Ethylene Chlorohydrin
CR
20
40
65
50
Ethylene Chlorohydrin
CR
100
40
40
40
Ethylene Diamine
CR
20
40
40
40
Ethylene Diamine
CR
100
NR
TC
NR
Ethylene Dibromide
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Ethylene Dichloride
CR
100
NR
25
NR
Ethylene Glycol
CR
100
100
100
100
Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether
CR
20
40
65
40
Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether
CR
100
40
40
40
Ethylene Oxide
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Ethylene Tetrachloride
CR
100
30
50
30
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA)
CR
All
80
80
80
Ethylenesulfonic Acid, Sodium Salt
CR
All
70
70
70
Eucalyptus Oil
CR
100
60
60
60
Fatty Acid/Sterol/Triglyceride
CR
All
100
120
100
Fatty Acid/Sulfuric Acid
CR
100
100
100
Fatty Acids
CR
All
100
120
100
Ferric Acetate
CR
All
80
80
80
Ferric Chloride
CR
All
100
100
90
Ferric Chloride/Ferrous Chloride
CR
5/20
95
100
95
Ferric Sulfate
CR
All
100
100
90
Ferrous Chloride
CR
All
90
100
90
Ferrous Nitrate
CR
All
100
100
90
Ferrous Sulfate
CR
All
100
100
90
Flue Gas, Dry
DSV
All
160
200
160
Flue Gas, Wet
DSV
All
80
100
80
Fluoroboric Acid
DSV
10
85
100
85
Fluoroboric Acid
DSV
25
40
60
40
Fluorine in Flue Gas, Wet
DSV
80
100
80
Fluorosilicic Acid
DSV
10
80
80
70
Fluorosilicic Acid
DSV
35
35
35
30
Fluorosilicic Acid, Fumes
DSV
All
80
80
80
80
80
80
Fly Ash Slurry
CR
Formaldehyde
CR
All
65
65
50
Formamide
CR
20
40
65
50
Formamide
CR
100
20
20
20
Formic Acid
CR
10
80
80
70
Formic Acid
CR
30
50
65
50
Formic Acid
CR
50
40
50
40
Fuel Oil
CR
100
80
100
80
Furfural
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Furfural in Organic Solvent
CR
0-20
NR
40
NR
Furfural in Water
CR
40
50
35
Furfuryl Alcohol
CR
20
40
65
40
Furfuryl Alcohol
CR
100
NR
25
NR
Gallic Acid
CR
All
80
80
80
Gasoline
CR
100
50
40
40
Gasoline (5% Methanol)
CR
100
45
50
45
Gasoline (Up to 10% Alcohol)
CR
100
40
50
40
Gasoline (10-100% Alcohol)
CR
100
NR
40
NR
Chemicals
19
BONDING PASTES
Chemicals
Notes
Concentration
(%)
KRF-1001
KRF-1051
KRF-2000
Gasoline, Aviation
CR
100
50
65
50
Gasoline, Leaded
CR
100
50
65
50
Gasoline, No Lead, No Methanol
CR
100
50
65
50
Glucose
CR
All
80
100
80
Glutamic Acid
CR
50
50
50
50
Glutaraldehyde
CR
50
50
50
50
Glutaric Acid
CR
All
50
50
50
Glycerine
CR
100
100
100
100
Glycine and Derivatives
CR
All
40
40
40
Glycol
CR
100
100
100
100
Glycolic Acid (Hydroxyacetic Acid)
CR
10
80
80
80
CR
30
60
65
60
CR
70
40
40
40
Glyconic Acid
CR
50
80
80
80
Glyoxal
CR
40
40
40
40
CR
All
DSV
All
80
80
80
100
100
Glyphosate
Green liquor (Pulp Mill)
40
Gypsum Slurry
CR
All
100
Hard Chrome Plating Baths (no H2SO4)
CR
100
60
CR
100
100
100
100
CR, NCC
Fumes
80
80
80
Heptane
Heptane, Dry fumes
Hexachloroethane
CR
100
TC
50
TC
Hexadecanol
CR
100
65
80
65
Hexamethylenetetramine
CR
40
40
50
40
Hexane
CR
100
70
70
60
Hexanoic Acid
CR
100
25
50
25
Hydrazine
CR
20
TC
TC
TC
Hydrazine
CR
100
NR
TC
NR
Hydriodic Acid
CR
40
65
65
65
Hydriodic Acid
CR
50
Hydrobromic Acid
CR
25
80
80
80
Hydrobromic Acid
CR
48
60
65
60
Hydrobromic Acid
CR
62
40
40
40
Hydrochloric Acid
DVC+ECR+CC
1-20
100
100
100
Hydrochloric Acid
DVC+ECR+CC
21-25
80
95
70
Hydrochloric Acid
DVC+ECR+CC
26-30
80
80
70
Hydrochloric Acid
DVC+ECR+CC
31-32
65
80
65
Hydrochloric Acid
DVC+ECR+CC
33-34
50
70
50
Hydrochloric Acid
DVC+ECR+CC
35-36
50
60
50
Hydrochloric Acid
DVC+ECR+CC
37
40
50
40
Hydrochloric Acid and trace organics
DVC+ECR+CC
0-33
Hydrochloric Acid, Fumes
DVC+ECR+CC
100
90
130
90
40
60
Hydrocyanic Acid
CR
All
80
100
70
Hydrofluoric Acid
DSV, NG
10
60
65
60
Hydrofluoric Acid
DSV, NG
15
30
40
30
Hydrofluoric Acid
DSV, NG
20
30
30
30
Hydrogen Bromide, Dry Gas
CR
100
80
100
80
Hydrogen Bromide, Wet Gas
CR
100
80
80
80
Hydrogen Chloride, Dry Gas
DVC+ECR+CC
100
100
170
80
Hydrogen Chloride, Wet Gas
DVC+ECR+CC
100
100
110
80
Hydrogen Fluoride, Dry Gas
DSV+BPO
100
80
80
80
Hydrogen Fluoride, Wet Gas
DSV+BPO
100
40
40
40
Hydrogen Peroxide
DSV+BPO
30
60
65
60
20

Concentration
(%)
Hydrogen Peroxide
DSV+BPO
35
30
40
30
Hydrogen Peroxide
DSV+BPO
50
NR
NR
NR
KRF-1001
KRF-1051
KRF-2000
Hydrogen Sulfide
CR
100
150
100
Hydrogen Sulfide, Aqueous
CR
All
100
100
100
Hydrogen Sulfide, Dry Gas
CR
All
100
110
100
Hypochlorous Acid
CR
10
80
80
75
Hypochlorous Acid
CR
20
50
65
60
Hypochlorous Acid
CR
50
50
50
50
Hypophosphorous Acid
CR
0-50
50
50
50
Iodine, Crystals
CR
100
65
65
65
Iodine, Vapor
CR
100
65
80
65
Isoamyl Alcohol
CR
20
65
80
65
Isoamyl Alcohol
CR
100
50
65
50
Isobutyl Alcohol
CR
20
65
80
65
Isobutyl Alcohol
CR
100
50
65
50
Isodecanol (Isodecyl Alcohol)
CR
100
50
80
50
Isononyl Alcohol
CR
100
65
65
65
Isooctyl Adipate
CR
100
50
65
50
Isooctyl Alcohol
CR
100
65
65
65
Isopropanol Amine
CR
100
50
50
50
Isopropyl Alcohol
CR
All
40
50
30
Isopropyl Amine
CR
30
40
40
40
Isopropyl Amine
CR
100
NR
TC
NR
Isopropyl Myristate
CR
100
100
110
90
Isopropyl Palmitate
CR
100
100
110
100
Itaconic Acid
CR
40
60
60
60
Jet Fuel, General
CR
100
50
60
50
Kerosene
CR
100
80
80
80
Lactic Acid
CR
All
100
100
100
Latex, Emulsion in Water
CR
All
50
50
50
Lauroyl Chloride
CR
100
40
50
40
Lauryl Alcohol
CR
100
65
80
65
Lauryl Chloride
CR
100
100
100
100
Lauryl Mercaptan
CR
100
80
100
80
Lead Acetate
CR
All
100
110
100
Levulinic Acid
CR
All
100
110
100
Lignin Sulfonate
CR
All
80
80
80
Hydroxyacetic Acid (see Glycolic Acid)
Limestone Slurry
CR
All
80
80
80
Linseed Oil
CR
100
100
110
100
Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG)
CR
100
60
60
60
Liquid Sugar
CR
All
85
100
80
100
Lithium Bromide
Lithium Carbonate
Lithium Chloride
Lithium Hydroxide
CR
All
100
120
DSV
All
80
80
80
CR
All
100
100
100
DSV
All
80
40
80
Lithium Hypochlorite
DSV+BPO+PC
All
80
40
80
Magnesium Bisulfite
CR
All
100
100
100
Magnesium Carbonate
CR
All
100
100
70
Magnesium Chloride
CR
All
100
120
90
Magnesium Fluosilicate
DSV
All
80
80
70
Magnesium Hydroxide
DSV
All
100
100
100
CR
All
100
100
100
Magnesium Nitrate
Notes
Chemicals
21
Notes
Concentration
(%)
KRF-1001
KRF-1051
KRF-2000
Magnesium Oxide / Lime
CR
0.1-10
100
100
100
Magnesium Phosphate
CR
All
100
100
100
Magnesium Sulfate
CR
All
100
120
90
Magnesium Sulfate / Phosphoric Acid
CR
1-40 / 0-36
100
100
100
Maleic Acid
CR
All
100
100
100
Chemicals
Manganese Chloride (Manganous Chloride)
CR
All
100
100
100
Manganese Nitrate (Manganous)
CR
All
100
100
100
Melamine Formaldehyde Resin
CR
All
40
50
40
Mercaptoacetic Acid
CR
All
NR
40
NR
Mercaptoethanol
CR
10
Mercuric Chloride
CR
All
100
100
100
Mercurous Chloride
CR
All
100
100
100
Mercury
CR
All
100
120
100
Methacrylic Acid
CR
40
40
50
40
Methacrylic Acid
CR
100
NR
40
NR
Methane Sulfonic Acid
CR
All
NR
40
NR
Methanol (Methyl Alcohol)
CR
50
50
50
CR
20
NR
40
NR
CR
40 - 100
NR
NR
NR
Methanol, Dry fumes
CR, NCC
Fumes
Methoxy-2-Propanol
CR
100
Methyl Acetate
CR
20
40
40
40
Methyl Acetate
CR
100
NR
TC
NR
Methyl Bromide
CR
10
25
25
25
Methyl Bromide
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Methyl Butyl Ketone
CR
100
25
50
25
CR, NCC
Fumes
Methyl Chloride, Gas
CR
All
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
CR
Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Methyl Formate
80
NR
80
60
20
NR
Methyl Alcohol (see Methanol)
BONDING PASTES
Methyl Chloride, Dry fumes
80
80
40
65
40
20
40
40
40
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
CR
40
50
45
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
CR
100
25
50
25
Methyl Mercaptan (Gas)
CR
All
40
65
40
Methyl Methacrylate
CR
All
NR
25
NR
Methyl t-Butyl Ether
CR
100
NR
25
NR
Methylamine
CR
20
40
40
40
Methylamine
CR
40
TC
TC
TC
Methylamine
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Methyldiethanolamine
CR
20
50
80
50
Methyldiethanolamine
CR
100
50
65
50
Methylene Chloride
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
CR, NCC
Fumes
80
80
CR
100
25
50
25
Methylene Chloride, Dry fumes

Methylstyrene (alpha)
Mineral Oils, Aliphatic
CR
100
100
120
100
Mineral Spirit
CR
100
100
120
100
Molasses
CR
100
80
Monochlorobenzene
CR
100
NR
40
NR
Monomethylhydrazine
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Morpholine
CR
20
40
50
45
Morpholine
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Motor Oil
CR
100
100
120
100
Myristic Acid
CR
100
100
120
100
22

Concentration
(%)
KRF-1001
KRF-1051
KRF-2000
Naphtha, Aliphatic
CR
100
80
100
80
Naphtha, Aromatic
CR
100
40
50
40
Naphtha, Heavy Aromatic
CR
100
Naphthalene
CR
100
100
100
100
N-Chloro-o-Tolyl (Insecticide Emulsion)
CR
10
50
50
50
Neopentyl Glycol
CR
100
80
80
80
Neutralizer & Desmut
CR
All
65
65
65
Nickel Chloride
CR
All
100
100
90
Nickel Nitrate
CR
All
100
100
90
50
Nickel Sulfamate
CR
All
80
80
80
Nickel Sulfate
CR
All
100
100
90
Nitric Acid
DSV
65
80
60
Nitric Acid
DSV
10
60
65
55
Nitric Acid
DSV
20
50
65
45
Nitric Acid
DSV
30
25
40
25
Nitric Acid
DSV
40
NR
25
25
Nitric Acid
DSV
70
NR
TC
NR
Nitric Acid, Dry fumes
DSV, NCC
Fumes
70
80
70
Nitrobenzene
CR
100
NR
40
NR
Nitrophenol
CR
100
NR
40
NR
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
CR
All
NR
NR
NR
o-Benzoyl Benzoic Acid
CR
All
100
100
100
Octanoic Acid
CR
100
80
100
80
Oil, Sour and Sweet Crude
CR
100
100
120
100
Oleic Acid
CR
All
90
90
90
Oleum (Fuming Sulfuric)
CR
100
NR
TC
Olive Oils
CR
100
100
Oxalic Acid
CR
All
50
50
50
Ozone Gas
CR
NR
TC
NR
Ozone in solution
CR
2 mg/L
40
40
40
Palmitic Acid
CR
100
100
100
100
Paraffin wax
CR
All
80
95
80
Peanut Oil
CR
All
80
95
80
Pentabromodiphenyl Oxide
CR
100
25
50
25
50
Pentachlorophenol
Notes
Chemicals
NR
100
CR
All
50
50
Peracetic Acid
DSV+BPO
20
40
40
40
Peracetic Acid
DSV+BPO
35
NR
TC
NR
Perchloric Acid
CR
10
65
65
40
Perchloric Acid
CR
30
40
40
Perchloroethylene
CR
100
25
50
Phenol
CR
25
50
25
Phenol
CR
10
NR
30
NR
Phenol
CR
15
NR
NR
NR
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin
CR
All
40
50
40
Phosphoric Acid
CR
All
100
100
100
Phosphoric Acid, Vapor
CR
All
100
120
100
Phosphorous Acid
CR
70
80
80
80
Phosphorus Oxychloride
CR
100
NR
TC
NR
25
Phthalate esters
CR
All
50
60
50
Phthalic Acid
CR
All
100
100
100
Phthalic anhydride
CR
All
100
105
100
Picric Acid
CR
10
NR
40
NR
Pine Oil
CR
100
90
90
90
23
Chemicals
Concentration
(%)
KRF-1001
KRF-1051
Plating Solutions, Chrome
DSV
60
60
Plating Solutions, Copper
DSV
40
50
Plating Solutions, Gold
DSV
80
90
Plating Solutions, Lead
DSV
80
90
Plating Solutions, Nickel
DSV
90
100
Plating Solutions, Zinc
DSV
KRF-2000
60
70
Polyacrylamide
CR
All
80
80
80
Polyacrylic Acid
CR
All
80
80
80
Polyethyleneimine
CR
All
80
80
80
Polyvinyl Acetate Adhesives
CR
All
50
50
50
Polyvinyl Alcohol
CR
All
80
80
80
Polyvinyl Chloride Latex with 35 parts Dioctylphthalate
CR
All
50
50
50
Potassium
CR
10
60
65
60
Potassium Aluminum Sulfate
CR
All
100
120
100
Potassium Bicarbonate
CR
10
60
65
60
Potassium Bicarbonate
CR
50
80
80
70
Potassium Bromide
CR
All
100
100
100
Potassium Carbonate
DSV
0-50
60
65
60
Potassium Chloride
CR
All
100
100
100
Potassium Cyanide
CR
All
60
60
Potassium Dichromate
CR
All
100
100
100
Potassium Ferricyanide
CR
All
100
100
100
Potassium Fluoride
CR
All
80
80
80
Potassium Gold Cyanide
CR
12
100
100
100
DSV
0-45
60
65
60
Potassium Iodide
CR
All
65
65
65
Potassium Nitrate
CR
All
100
100
100
Potassium Oxalate
CR
All
65
65
65
Potassium Permanganate
CR
All
100
100
100
Potassium Persultate
CR
All
100
100
100
CR
60
55
65
55
DSV
All
40
40
40
Potassium Hydroxide
Potassium Pyrophosphate
Potassium Silicofluoride
Potassium Sulfate
CR
All
100
100
100
Propane
CR
100
60
60
60
50
Propanol (n-)
CR
100
50
50
CR, NCC
Fumes
80
80
80
Propionic Acid
CR
0-50
80
80
80
Propionic Acid
CR
100
NR
40
NR
Propanol (n-), Dry fumes
BONDING PASTES
Notes
Propionyl Chloride
CR
100
NR
TC
NR
Propyl Acetate
CR
100
NR
25
NR
Propyl Alcohol
CR
100
50
50
50
Propyl Bromide
CR
100
NR
25
NR
Propyl Chloride
CR
100
NR
25
NR
Propylene Glycol
CR
All
100
100
100
Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Acetate
CR
20
40
50
40
Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Acetate
CR
100
NR
20
NR
NR
NR
NR
Propylene Oxide
CR
100
CR, NCC
Fumes
Pyridine
CR
20
Pyridine
CR
100
Propylene Oxide, Dry fumes
80
80
40
40
40
NR
NR
NR
Quaternary Amine Salts
CR
All
80
80
80
Quinoline
CR
20
40
40
40
Quinoline
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
24
Notes
Concentration
(%)
KRF-1001
KRF-1051
KRF-2000
Rayon Spin Bath
CR
Fumes
Rayon Spinning
CR
Fumes
60
60
60
60
Red Liquor
CR
All
80
80
80
Salicylic Acid
CR
All
80
90
70
Salt Brine
CR
Satd
100
120
100
Saturated Aqueous Chlorine
CR
All
80
100
80
Sea Water
CR
100
100
100
100
Selenious Acid
CR
All
100
100
100
Silicone (grease-oil)
CR
100
80
90
80
Silver Nitrate
CR
All
100
100
90
Sodium Acetate
CR
All
100
100
100
Sodium Alkyd Aryl Sulfonates

Sodium Aluminate
Sodium Benzoate
CR
All
80
80
80
DSV
All
70
50
70
CR
All
80
80
80
Sodium Bicarbonate
DSV
All
70
80
50
Sodium Bifluoride
DSV
All
50
50
50
Sodium Bisulfate
CR
All
100
100
90
Sodium Bisulfide (Hydrosulfide)
CR
All
80
80
80
Sodium Bisulfite
CR
All
100
100
100
Sodium Borate
CR
All
100
100
100
Sodium Bromate
CR
All
100
100
100
Sodium Bromide
CR
All
100
100
100
Sodium Carbonate
DSV
0-35
65
65
55
Sodium Carbonate/Sodium Bicarbonate
DSV
20/15
80
65
80
Sodium Chlorate
CR
100
100
110
90
Sodium Chloride
CR
All
100
100
100
Sodium Chlorite
CR
10
60
65
50
Sodium Chlorite
CR
50
40
40
40
Sodium Chromate
CR
50
100
100
100
Sodium Cyanide
CR
All
100
100
100
Sodium Dichromate
CR
All
100
100
100
Sodium Diphosphate
CR
All
100
100
100
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate
CR
All
70
70
70
Sodium Ferrocyanide
CR
All
100
100
100
Sodium Fluoride
CR
All
80
80
80
Sodium Fluoroborate
DSV
All
90
90
90
Sodium Fluorosilicate
DSV
All
50
50
50
CR
All
80
100
80
Sodium Glycolate
Sodium Hexametaphosphate
CR
All
80
80
80
Sodium Hydrosulfide
CR
All
80
80
80
Sodium Hydroxide
DSV
0-50
80
90
80
Sodium Hypochlorite
DSV
65
65
65
DSV
21
80
80
80
DSV+BPO
24
TC
TC
TC
Sodium Hypochlorite
Sodium Hypochlorite, pH>11(Active chlorine)
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
CR
All
70
70
70
Sodium Metabisulfite
CR
All
100
100
100
Sodium Methyldithiocarbamate
CR
All
80
80
80
Sodium Monophosphate
CR
All
100
100
100
Sodium Myristyl Sulfate
CR
All
70
70
70
Sodium Nitrate
CR
All
100
100
90
Sodium Nitrite
CR
All
100
100
100
Sodium Oxalate
CR
All
100
100
100
Sodium Perchlorate
CR
60
40
40
40
Chemicals
25
BONDING PASTES
Notes
Concentration
(%)
KRF-1001
KRF-1051
KRF-2000
Sodium Persulfate
CR
All
100
100
100
Sodium Phosphate
CR
All
100
100
90
Sodium Phosphate, mono-,di-, tribasic
CR
> 0.5
100
100
100
Sodium Polyacrylate
CR
All
80
80
80
Sodium Sarcosinate
CR
40
50
50
50
Sodium Silicate
CR
All
100
100
100
Sodium Sulfate
CR
All
100
100
100
Sodium Sulfide
CR
All
100
100
100
Sodium Sulfite
CR
All
100
100
100
Chemicals
Sodium Tartrate
CR
All
100
100
100
Sodium Tetraborate
CR
All
80
80
80
Sodium Thiocyanate
CR
All
80
80
80
Sodium Thiosulfate
CR
All
80
80
80
Sodium Tripolyphosphate
CR
All
100
100
100
Sodium Xylene Sulfonate
CR
All
70
70
70
Sorbitol Solutions
CR
All
70
80
70
Soy Sauce
CR
All
70
70
Soya Oil
CR
All
100
100
100
Spearmint Oil
CR
100
40
Stannic Chloride
CR
All
100
100
100
Stannous Chloride
CR
All
100
100
100
100
Steam, Dry, No Condensation
CR
100
100
105
Steam, Wet, Condensation
CR
100
80
80
80
Stearic Acid
CR
All
100
100
100
Styrene
CR
100
NR
50
NR
Styrene Acrylic Emulsion
CR
All
50
50
50
Styrene-Butadiene Latex
CR
All
60
60
60
Succinic Acid
CR
All
80
80
80
Succinonitrile, Aqueous
CR
All
25
40
25
Sugar Cane, Liquor & Sweetwater
CR
All
80
80
80
Sugar/Sucrose
CR
All
100
100
100
Sulfamic Acid
CR
0-10
100
100
100
Sulfamic Acid
CR
11-15
80
80
80
Sulfamic Acid
CR
16-25
65
65
65
Sulfanilic Acid
CR
All
100
100
100
Sulfonated Detergents
CR
All
70
80
70
Sulfur Chloride
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Sulfur Chloride
CR
Fumes
80
90
80
Sulfur Dioxide, Dry or Wet
CR
Fumes
100
100
80
Sulfur Trioxide Gas
CR
Fumes
100
100
90
Sulfur Trioxide, Dry
CR
Fumes
100
100
100
Sulfuric Acid
DSV+ECR+CC
25
100
100
100
Sulfuric Acid
DSV+ECR+CC
50
90
95
80
Sulfuric Acid
DSV+ECR+CC
70
80
80
60
Sulfuric Acid
DSV+ECR+CC
80
40
40
30
Sulfuric Acid
DSV+ECR+CC
> 80
NR
TC
NR
Sulfuric Acid, Gas
100
DSV+ECR+CC
Fumes
100
170
Sulfurous Acid
CR
10
50
50
50
Superphosphoric Acid, 76% P2O5
CR
100
100
100
100
Surfactant, Anionic
CR
All
40
50
40
Tall Oil
CR
100
90
100
90
Tallow/Sulfuric Acid
CR
99/1
80
Tannic Acid
CR
All
100
100
100
26
KRF-1001
KRF-1051
KRF-2000
CR
All
100
100
100
CR
20
40
50
40
CR
100
NR
25
NR
Notes
Tartaric Acid
t-Butyl Methyl Ether (MTBE)
t-Butyl Methyl Ether (MTBE)
Tetra n-Butylphosphonium Hydroxide
DSV
40
40
Tetrabutyltin
CR
100
50
50
50
Tetrachloroethane
CR
100
40
55
40
Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene)
CR
100
25
50
25
Tetrachloropyridine
CR
100
25
50
25
Tetrahydrofuran
CR
0-5
40
50
40
NR
TC
NR
Tetrahydrofuran
40
CR
10-100
CR, NCC
Fumes
DSV
0-10
50
Tetrapotassium Pyrophospate
CR
80
90
80
Tetrapotassium Pyrophospate
CR
60
50
65
50
Tetrasodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid
CR
All
80
65
80
Thionyl Chloride
CR
100
NR
TC
NR
Thiourea
CR
0 - 50
65
65
65
Tetrahydrofuran, Dry fumes

Tetramethyl Ammonium Hydroxide
80
80
50
Titanium Dioxide
CR
All
80
80
80
Titanium Dioxide/Sulfuric Acid
CR
0 - 30/30
100
100
100
Titanium Tetrachloride
CR
All
65
80
65
Tobias Acid
CR
All
100
100
100
CR
100
25
49
20
CR, NCC
Fumes
Toluene
Toluene, Dry fumes
60
Toluene Sulfonic Acid
CR
All
80
100
95
Toluidine (o-, p-, m-)
CR
100
NR
20
NR
Tomato Sauce
CR
All
90
Transformer Oils (Ester types)
CR
100
50
65
Transformer Oils (Silicone and Mineral)
CR
100
100
150
110
Tribasic Sodium
CR
All
100
100
90
Tributyl Phosphate
CR
100
50
60
50
Trichloroethane
CR
100
TC
40
TC
Trichloroethylene
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Tricresyl Phosphate
CR
100
70
70
70
Triethanol Amine
CR
100
50
50
30
Triethylamine
CR
All
40
50
40
Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride
CR
70
40
50
40
Trimethyl Benzene
CR
100
25
50
25
Trimethylamine
CR
20
40
50
40
25
40
25
Trimethylamine
CR
100
CR, NCC
Fumes
Trimethylene Chlorobromide
CR
100
Trioctylphosphate
CR
Trisodium Phosphate
Turpentine
Uranium Extraction Solutions
Isodecanol / Alamine 336 / Kerosene
CR
2,5/5,5/92
80
80
80
Urea
CR
0 - 50
70
70
70
Urea / Ammonium Nitrate / Water
CR
35/44/21
65
65
65
Urea Formaldehyde Resin
CR
All
40
50
40
Vegetable oil
CR
All
90
100
90
Vinegar
CR
All
100
100
100
Vinyl Acetate
CR
20
40
40
40
Vinyl Acetate
CR
100
NR
NR
NR
Trimethylamine, Dry fumes
Concentration
(%)
Chemicals
80
80
NR
NR
NR
100
60
60
50
CR
Satd
100
120
100
CR
100
65
100
65
27
Chemicals
Notes
Concentration
(%)
KRF-1001
KRF-1051
KRF-2000
NR
NR
NR
Vinyl Chloride
CR
100
CR, NCC
All
Vinyltoluene
CR
100
Water Vapor, Wet
CR
Water, Deionized / Demineralized / Distilled
CR
Water, Sea, Desalination
CR
All
80
80
80
Water, Steam Condensate
CR
100
80
80
80
Water, Tap, Hard
CR
100
100
100
100
Water, Tap, Soft
CR
100
80
80
80
65
Vinyl Chloride, Dry fumes
Whey (Milk plasma)
80
80
25
50
25
Satd
80
80
80
100
80
80
80
CR
All
DSV
All
80
40
80
CR
100
25
50
25
CR, NCC
Fumes
80
80
Zinc Chloride
CR
Satd
100
120
100
Zinc Nitrate
CR
Satd
100
120
100
Zinc Phosphate (Slurry)
CR
All
80
80
80
Zinc Sulfate
CR
All
110
120
90
White Liquor (Pulp Mill)

Xylene
Xylene, Dry fumes
Notes:
BPO: Amine/BPO cure recommendable
CC: Color change may occur during exposures to chemicals
CR: Classical Recommendation (Surface veil in anticorrosion barrier)
DSV: Double synthetic veil in the anticorrosion barrier (5 mm)
DVC: Double C glass veil in the anticorrosion barrier (5 mm)
ECR: ECR glass recommended in the anticorrosion barrier
NG: no glass on surface, no thixotropic resin
NR: Not Recommended
TC: Temporary Contact (less than 72 hours at 40C. Check and clean after exposure)
BONDING PASTES
Not only check the corrosion resistance for the chemical in contact with the FRP equipment,
but also check the corrosion resistance for the solvent that is used to dilute this chemical
28
1)
Products are best to used within 3 months of the manufacturing date. Avoid long-term storage of hardener and promoter.
Pre-accelerated resin and thixotropic or pigmented resin must especially be treated with special care due to the possibilities
of changes in chemical characters. (Products that have expired should be used only after contacting with Cray Valley sales
team or the R&D centre.)
2)
In the case of using unpromoted resin, mix promoter in advance and apply hardener agent just prior to work.
3)
Treat all chemical substances carefully to prevent the danger of fire. Special care should be taken with hardeners such as
peroxides; these products can be especially dangerous when they are combined or dissolved with promoter, so they should
be kept apart and stored separately.
4)
Products must be used with working environment temperature of 15-35C
5)
Cray Valley EPOVIA is a specially formulated product using an optimized level of styrene when manufactured.
Any post added styrene monomer should not exceed 5%. Please note that before adding additional Styrene
monomer in EPOVIA, contact the Cray Valley sales team or the R&D centre for guidance.
6)
The amount of the hardener used should follow the requirements of individual product datasheet.
When the hardener is used under 0.7% of resin, then under curing is very likely to occur.
7)
During the curing process, exothermic heat will occur and has the potential to lead to fire.
Therefore, all the working area should be managed in a proper way.
8)
Products should be used only for industrial purposes. In the case of changing the application
or end usage of the product, please contact Cray Valley sales team or the R&D centre.
9)
If problems are experienced when using the resin or the products, stop using it immediately
and please contact Cray Valley sales team or the R&D centre.
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
CHEMICAL FEATURES
STORAGE GUIDANCE
1)
Avoid direct sunlight or heat sources and store products at the temperature of 25C or less
2)
Products must be kept covered with lid to prevent deterioration from evaporating styrene or contamination.
3)
Since the product is a flammable liquid, the product should only be used or stored in an area free
from heat or ignition sources. Ensure adequate and appropriate fire prevention systems are in place.
4)
If fire occurs, use dry chemical powder, CO2, water spray or foam.
5)
The hardener, promoter and the EPOVIA should be stored separately due to the potential danger of fire.
6)
When disposing of resin please follow the appropriate administrative regulations on waste materials.
CAUTION
1)
Please refer to product MSDS for full safety requirements
2)
Products are for industrial use only
3)
Keep all products out of reach of children.
4)
The working place must be open and well ventilated. Operators must wear masks and gloves for their safety.
5)
Prevent contact with eyes and wash hands immediately after using resin, hardener or promoter.
If contact occurs wash the eyes with water or boron dissolved water first, then consult a doctor immediately.
6)
When resin comes in contact with skin or clothing please wash off immediately.
29
LA DEFENSE 6 16/32 RUE HENRI REGNAULT F-92902 PARIS LA DEFENSE CEDEX FRANCE
TELEPHONE: +33 (0)1 47 96 98 64 - FAX +33 (0)1 47 96 99 98
www.crayvalley.com
For further technical or product information, please email:
composite.resins@crayvalley.com

Vinyl Ester Epovia Data Sheet

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VINYL ESTER RESINS

It may surprise you to know that CRAY

It is on this sound basis that CRAY

A long term strategy of investment in Plant

VALLEY is the largest resin and gelcoat

VALLEY is able to supply the complete

& Technology Research & Development

producer in the world as well as the

Polycor range the worlds number

and of course highly skilled Technicians

premier composite materials distributor.

one selling gel coat to all of our

& Operators has paid huge dividends

customers, wherever they are.

to all of our stakeholders and firmly

Our range of high specification products

Using cutting edge techniques

market leader in the supply of composite

continents. (Europe, North America, South

and state of the art equipment, our

America, Africa and Asia-Pacific)

production facilities consistently

It is reassuring to know that all CRAY

This global presence is formed by the

Enydyne DCPD resins, Epovia vinyl

VALLEY products are formulated without

combined force of COOK COMPOSITES

esters, Polycor gel coats, Gravicol

the use of cadmium and lead containing

& POLYMERS (CCP) in North America

bonding pastes, Norsolook additives

pigments. This policy gives peace of

and CRAY VALLEY in all the other

and Thermaclean cleaning agents to

mind to all our customers who face ever

parts of the world. Together, with the

rigorously accurate standards for superior

increasing legislation regarding the

backing and support of the chemicals

performance. In fact, the undeniable

handling and use of hazardous materials.

division of our parent company TOTAL,

quality of our products is recognised

Our pigments are high quality organic

we specialise in the development and

worldwide, conforming as they do to

replacements already extensively used to

production of an impressive range of

excellent effect in the automotive industry.

solutions for the composite industry:

All CRAY VALLEY products are

bonding pastes, low profile additives,

manufactured and supplied in

VOC-free cleaning agents.

accordance with ISO 9001 quality

ADVANTAGE OF CORROSION RESISTANT FRP

EPOVIA OPTIMUM RANGE

REACTIVITY CURVES: EPOVIA KRF-1001

REACTIVITY CURVES: EPOVIA KRF-1051

REACTIVITY CURVES: EPOVIA KRF-2000

GENERAL FABRICATION TIPS

APPLICATION OF EPOVIA OPTIMUM RESINS

CHEMICAL CORROSION GUIDE

A WO RLD LEA DER