Schedule
Monday
• Break
Thursday
1
• 14:00 14:30 Helmut Friedrich
• Break
Friday
2
Titles and abstracts
Monday
3
There have been many attempts to define quasilocal mass for a spacelike
2-surface in a spacetime by the Hamilton-Jacobi method. The essential
difficulty in this approach is the subtle choice of the background configu-
ration to be subtracted from the physical Hamiltonian. Quasilocal mass
should be positive for general surfaces, but on the other hand should
be zero for surfaces in the flat spacetime. In this talk, I shall discribe
how to use isometric embeddings into the Minkowski space to overcome
this difficulty and propose a new definition of gauge-independent quasi-
local mass that has the desired properties, in addition to other natural
requirements for a mass. This talk is based on a joint work with Shing-
Tung Yau at Harvard.
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7. Keiju Murata: Non-equilibrium Condensation Process in a
Holographic Superconductor
We study the non-equilibrium condensation process in the holographic
superconductor. When the temperature T is smaller than a critical tem-
perature Tc , there are two black hole solutions, the Reissner-Nordstrom-
AdS black hole and a black hole with a scalar hair. In the bound-
ary theory, they can be regarded as the supercooled normal phase and
the superconducting phase, respectively. We consider perturbations on
supercooled Reissner-Nordstrom-AdS black holes and study their non-
linear time evolution to know about physical phenomena associated with
rapidly-cooled superconductors. We find that, for T < Tc , the initial
perturbations grow exponentially and, eventually, spacetimes approach
the hairy black holes. We also clarify how the relaxation process from a
far-from-equilibrium state proceeds in the boundary theory by observing
the time dependence of the superconducting order parameter. Finally,
we study the time evolution of event and apparent horizons and dis-
cuss their correspondence with the entropy of the boundary theory. Our
result gives a first step toward the holographic understanding of the
non-equilibrium process in superconductors.
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9. Marı́a Eugenia Gabach Clement: Extreme black hole’s initial
data and its perturbations
We discuss the existence of extreme black holeś initial data for Einstein
equations. These initial data have similar properties to the extreme
Kerr and Reissner-Nördstrom data. In particular, we find that in this
extreme limit one of the asymptotic ends is cylindrical, and the total
mass is a minimum among the black hole family. We also treat pertur-
bations of these extreme data and obtain the same asymptotic geometry
with the area of the cylindrical end preserved. The procedure employed
can be implemented in conformally flat initial data, and also in extreme
Kerr black hole.
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for generic dynamics key differences arise. These differences, which are
transparent in the symmetries of the tidal tensors, shed light on many
aspects of spin curvature coupling. In particular we show that: 1) in
the Kerr spacetime there are velocities for which no force is exerted on
the gyroscope, which in the electromagnetic analogue is forbidden by
the laws of electromagnetic induction; 2) that the electromagnetic force
on a dipole has a non-vanishing time projection, which is the power
transferred to it by Faradayś induction, and is reflected in a varia-
tion of its proper mass, whereas the fact that the force on a gyroscope
is spatial signals the absence of an analogous gravitational effect, ex-
plaining the conservation of its proper mass; 3) whereas the total work
done on a magnetic dipole by a stationary magnetic field is zero, a sta-
tionary gravitomagnetic field, by contrast, does work on mass currents,
which is shown to quantitatively explain the Hawking-Wald Spin Inter-
action Energy [PRL. 26 1344, 1971; PRD 6 406, 1972]. Central to the
understanding of these forces is the issue of hidden momentum (e.g.
[arXiv:1004.0679]), whose dynamical implications are also discussed.
Thursday
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gas. The axially symmetric solutions of the resulting Einstein-Vlasov
system are obtained via the implicit function theorem by perturbing off
a suitable spherically symmetric steady state of the Vlasov-Poisson sys-
tem. This is a joint work with M. Kunze and G. Rein.
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spacetime whose whole causal past is also flat. Explicit examples will
be presented, and open questions will be analyzed. (Co-authored with
Ingemar Bengtsson).
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19. Piotr Chrusciel: The Cauchy problem on the light cone
I will present existence and uniqueness theorems for the Cauchy prob-
lem for the Einstein equations on a light-cone.
21. Woei Chet Lim: Spike crossings in spacetimes with one Killing
vector field
Traditionally, dynamics near spacelike singularities was described by
chaotic Mixmaster/BKL dynamics. Spacetimes with two commuting
Killing vector fields exhibit a new phenomenon, namely spikes, which
are sub-horizon inhomogeneous structures whose dynamics differs from
BKL dynamics. I will report on the latest progress in the study of the
crossings of two spikes in the context of spacetimes with one Killing
vector field.
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22. Oscar Reula: On the geometrical uniqueness of the initial-
boundary value problem in general relativity.
In recent years considerable advances have been achieved in understand-
ing the boundary value problem in general relativity. In particular,
starting with the harmonic formulation of the evolution equations it
was found that there were large families of boundary data for which the
system was strongly well posed, that is stable. Those conditions include
many which were consistent with constraint propagation, in the sense
that if initially the constraints were satisfied they would remain so for
the whole evolution, and among them some for which all the rest of the
fields satisfied non-incoming radiation conditions. Thus they were all
candidates for being good conditions to represent radiating isolated sys-
tems. But the gauge conditions are intermixed in all these conditions
and it is not clear which ones are better for such a representation. One
way to explore this set of conditions is to ask for the following geo-
metrical uniqueness questions: Can we specify instructions to impose
boundary conditions in such a way that two renditions of such instruc-
tions, for the same initial data, would result in the same space-time?
That is the resulting evolutions would be linked each other by a dif-
feomorphism? In this work we analyze the problem in the linearized
version and see that there is a set of preferred conditions which satisfy
certain geometrical uniqueness, but also see that there remains an am-
biguity.
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25. Ram Gopal Vishwakarma: Gravitational Effect of Pressure
and Dark Energy
One of the most novel aspects of the theory of general relativity (GR)
is its prediction that not only the energy density but the pressure of
matter also gravitates. This is a purely relativistic effect resulting from
the covariant character of the theory. However, this prediction has
never been tested in any experiment so far. Here we examine this is-
sue on the theoretical front and to our surprise, we find that the theory
seems to suffer from some fundamental inconsistencies. Especially, the
standard formulations of the energy-stress tensor seem to suffer from
paradoxes and inconsistencies in the presence of pressure. We recall
that the mysterious ‘dark energy’ (needed to explain the current cosmo-
logical observations) poses a serious confrontation between fundamental
physics and cosmology in view of its peculiar property- negative pres-
sure. This crisis may be an outcome of the (so far untested) prediction
of GR that the pressure of the matter source also gravitates.
Friday
12
hyperbolic-elliptic system which is formally singular at the axis. As a
first step in analyzing this system of equations we study linear pertur-
bations on flat background. We prove that the linear equations reduce
to a very simple system of equations which provide, thought the mass
formula, useful insight into the structure of the full system. However,
the singular behavior of the coefficients at the axis makes the study of
this linear system difficult from the analytical point of view. In order to
understand the behavior of the solutions, we study the numerical evo-
lution of them. We provide strong numerical evidence that the system
is well-posed and that its solutions have the expected behavior. Finally,
this linear system allows us to formulate a model problem which is phys-
ically interesting in itself, since it is connected with the linear stability
of black hole solutions in axial symmetry. This model can contribute
significantly to solve the nonlinear problem and at the same time it ap-
pears to be tractable.
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null infinity touches spatial infinity if and only if the data is static in
a neighbourhood of infinity [1]. This result generalises a similar anal-
ysis for conformally flat data [2]. The present result brings further in
evidence the privileged role that asymptotically static data plays among
the class of time symmetric data with an asymptotically simple devel-
opments —as conjectured in e.g. [3,4]. The analysis makes extensive
use of the conformal field equations and of Friedrichś framework of the
cylinder at spatial infinity [5,6]. References [1] J A Valiente Kroon.
[2] J A Valiente Kroon. A rigidity property of of asymptotically simple
spacetimes arising from conformally flat data. Comm. Math. Phys.
(in press) [3] J A Valiente Kroon. A new class of obstructions to the
smoothness of null infinity. Comm. Math. Phys. 244, 133 (2004) [4] J
A Valiente Kroon. Does asymptotic simplicity allow for radiation near
spatial infinity? Comm. Math. Phys. 252, 211 (2004) [5] H Friedrich.
Gravitational fields near space-like and null infinity. J. Geom. Phys.
24, 83 (1998). [6] H Friedrich. Smoothness at null infinity and the
structure of initial data. In T̈he Einstein Equations and the large scale
behaviour of gravitational fields,̈ P T Chrusciel and H Friedrich eds,
Birkhauser (2004).
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ordinates is related to the question of the possible physical significance
of that principle. We believe that the latter may be taken as an appro-
priate generalized principle of relativity with physical content. With the
purpose of throwing light over the subject, after presenting our version
of the GCP, we define and construct quasi-Minkowskian coordinates as-
sociated to the word-line of an observer who transports an orthonormal
tetrad (QMCCR). We view the QMCCR as the coordinates that would
be obtained by that observer by applying operational protocols valid in
flat space-time to get the standard Lorentzian coordinates of an event.
The set of all the QMCCR is in general an infinite family all of whose
members collapse to the usual Lorentzian coordinates when the observer
is in free fall, his or her space triad does not rotate (R = 0) and the
curvature of space-time vanishes. This implements the idea that the
set of all the operational protocols which are equivalent -in the sense
of assigning the same numerical values- to obtain the Lorentzian co-
ordinates of events in flat space-time split into inequivalent subsets of
operational prescriptions under the presence of a gravitational field or
when the observer is not inertial. Something similar must happen with
all the physical quantities. Other considerations will be presented
15
Posters
1. Maria Florencia Parisi: Multigrid Numerical Simulation of
the Ricci Flow equation in S 3
In this work we develop a numerical method to evolve the Ricci Flow
equation in 3-dimensions in a spherical background geometry, which
uses a multigrid formulation where the computational domain (S 3 ) is
covered by 8 identical grids or patches. This allows both to study non
trivial topologies, as well as parallelize the computations, where each
patch is evolved separately by a processor.This brings the problem of
ensuring the proper transmission of data between grids, by means of
imposing suitable conditions at the interfaces without loosing precision
in the results. In order to achieve this, we obtained the SAT (stand-
ing for Simultaneous Approximation Term) or p̈enaltyöperators that
adequate to the formalism, and successfully implemented them in a nu-
merical code based on MPI. This work is an ongoing project, where the
mentioned numerical code is in a test and optimization stage. We do,
however, have some preliminary results that seem to point out its cor-
rect and stable operation, faithfully reproducing the expected behavior
of some known solutions.
16
later on, the regularization and renormalization of this higher deriva-
tive model is analysed in the framework of the perturbation theory.
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7. Gabriel Abreu: Kodama time
In a general time-dependent (3+1)-dimensional spherically symmetric
spacetime, the so-called Kodama vector is a naturally defined geometric
quantity that is timelike outside the evolving horizon and so defines a
preferred class of fiducial observers. However the Kodama vector does
not by itself define any preferred notion of time. We demonstrate that
a preferred time coordinate - which we shall call Kodama time - can be
introduced by taking the additional step of applying the Clebsch decom-
position theorem to the Kodama vector. We thus construct a geomet-
rically preferred coordinate system for any time-dependent spherically
symmetric spacetime, and explore its properties. In particular we use
this formalism to construct a general class of conservation laws, gen-
eralizing Kodamaś energy flux. We study the geometrically preferred
fiducial observers, and demonstrate that it is possible to define and cal-
culate a generalized notion of surface gravity that is valid throughout
the e ntire evolving spacetime. Furthermore, by building and suitably
normalizing set of radial null geodesics, we can show that this general-
ized surface gravity passes several consistency tests and has a physically
appropriate static limit. http://arXiv.org/pdf/1004.1456v2
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10. Emily Duffy: Cauchy Horizon Stability in the Self Similar
LTB Spacetime
We undertake a rigorous study of the linear stability of the Cauchy
horizon in the self-similar Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi spacetime. We use
a combination of energy methods and asymptotic analysis to analytically
determine the growth and asymptotic behaviour of the perturbations as
they evolve through the spacetime. We first show that the Lp norm, for
1
leqp <
inf ty of a particular average of the perturbation generically diverges
at the Cauchy horizon. We then use this to determine the asymptotic
behaviour of the perturbation as it evolves towards the Cauchy horizon
and discuss the implications for cosmic censorship. This is based on
joint work with Dr Brien Nolan.
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values, we consider the conditions for stability under splitting into two
separate shells. This analysis leads to the conclusion that under certain
conditions, which are given explicitly, an evolving shell may split into
two or more separate shells. We provide e xplicit examples to illustrate
this phenomenon. We also include a derivation of the thick to thin shell
limit for an Einstein shell that shows that the limiting distribution of
angular momentum is unique, covering continuously a finite range of
values. Finally we deal with Einstein-Vlasov systems which are static,
spherically symmetric and whose particles can only have a discrete set
of values for their angular momentum. We prove some general proper-
ties which hold for a wide class of these shells and compare with previous
results. We also develop a concrete family of shells and for these we
demonstrate the existence of a thin shell limit and show that this limit
is in accordance with the thin shells that we have analysed before.
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