yar
1964, Mehmet Zeki Paka, Ooms th dint ve
terinlrt sich, Istanbul 1971-197% Stanford. Shaw,
Hisory of the Oxoman Enpre and. modem Tarts,
Cambridge 1985; 7, 89. Cine Haute, TOV, sx.
“Keak lyn oy Kemal Bey); Recep Usa, Tex
Fes, foal, sonan ve caer, ttabul 1986; Stefanos
Yerssimes, dsplignifit Siveinde Tike. t, Dabtr
Intonbul 19861987; Stefnos Yerssimes,
Aseliynificsveinde Titi,
Isunbul 1986-1987; Cetin Yetkin, Tk hale hare
ve dere, antl 1974,
Kuzucu,
Babi Kunucu,
I eos peul
6S tender Glysl — Slyal ola bs
319 Ob5
ol
ease ty hg lis
Spel 5 Mallee yet alee) Jbl ts
che cobe e Cbeylpbe og Ue tb l
Aly lle gables at Gl ie a dbey
Bh AS ae Sb AS ail paler a pti OS
phe ae A geal Ly 9 (08 ge Li) lel at
AFF ook caudleh Sop athens Jey
ale 5 hel ga aed Lt Jill os
Saas py col te we fs lop able uate
BLS a Ural Hea co a Ube ple ale 9 Eby oly
ELS 9 Jpol gea ae bares Jd 3g GLE le a
she LAS loll La hag ty lal gore
Dr WIE A pl otd pa Cote gah Obj
PES thet Sst LI? Bhs
SUN Seipat sa eae a oph one HAL y e soh
B62 pt ee 2 yeah ble ae ys
Sathobeal scant s ulm Deeg lS ol 0
DLLs I Sy apuleg BA UO So 9 tae
EP Ul phe bias 0 aye I gl lt eat
WAL Ladin thedles cheb Syl) ool os
We 2 IE ott AG Tait gue ete
ile LSA Lal uaclalldckes yt jobs bs
peda ae eg cle bh lis Slay yay
eS od cb) le ile ele
bye cleat ats
Fp Ly ayy cla?
A peli gp Sbaclis lo ol cat SebSOag QV,
Bas ale lees 5 SH pL ay le
(GAT pS eats
See NEON Obes hal Sacra asa igle
Vg nae Wp CaySe 5 Ee
eh edihzn es by 309 gle aaslsbusae lng
e275 ARH LI pyle 9g Oya Sb a
celate ay pes VT BIT yb Late
CMa Sled en WEI aud pe OF Tyo
wee al SL byl oS
SPAS Sh ge tine el Vl
epee SL GEITNE Og pb tae e o lt
SE PM pn sane lt a LES ee AT
weir
sah oat
setae al
Beg bh
Ahmed Agaogly, Iran inlay, tstanbul: Cem, fn. Si
Aisin, "Siyasal tari, in Tirkive cari, vol3, el. Si
Akgin, Istanbul 1990; Dogan Aveo, Tivkjenin dizent,
vol, Istanbul 1990; Kemal Beydill, "From Kughk
Kaynarea to the eallapse", in History ofthe Outoman sate,
sociesy & cvilisnion, vol.1, ed. Ekmeleddin Yhsanodla,
Istanbul: Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and
Culture (IRCICA), 2001; ismail Com, Tirkivede geri
Kaloushgun wari, Istanbul 197; EP, sv, “Fane oy
J.-H. Keamers); £7, sv, Tanzi" (by R. H. Davison);
Suri
Faroghi, Osmank Ain ve gine yasam, tr
BE Kalig,Istanbub 1997; Joseph vom fam
Purgst
Geschiclue des osmanisehen Reiches, Graz 1963; 1
“Cewlet
(oy AN Gimezogiu), "Mahmud I" (oy
Enver Ziyn Kara), "Nizimes cedid" (by M. Tayi
GokDilgin), "Resid Pag” (by Erctmend Kura),
“Tameima (by A. Cevad Eres); Emre Kongar,
Tibkiyenin toplumsal yopoa, Istanbul 1976; Bernard
Lewis, The emergence of modem Turkey, 3ed el. New
York 2002; Medan Larousse, Istanbul 1970-1981;
Rout Mathuay, Fantionae ve servi edebiyor,
Istanbul 1988; liber Ortayh, Tansimar devrinde Osmants
‘mala idarcler’ (2840-1880), Ankara 2000; The Oxford
encyclopedia of the modem Idamie world, ed, John L.
Esposito, New York 1995, sv. “Tanzimat" (by Serit
(Mardin); Yisnaz Ontdna, Tike cart, vol), istanbulOg gH) a Stl UT gal Ro
Hila yeh ays olidas pS LEU oy ITA
12S tals way, Ls 9 oS ES gj! Gl
otk yet ll ply oS Set Meh
ET ge SUT PY pa) dees ple es ot hs
SS cl gale eel lett Le oars ht el
tbs oy ah Seo
Samet SPYD Ge tle (38) that gal ba
JOT ge sth)
5S ppllgtlen eed das lI
Pa lef Sloe phe Sy egal co gh
Be as po ley abe pp Leper lps Ss
5 5 SYA N GIS gal dye ly At
Bye VEY Sh ale gull oe
sed att ly
Seg Lowell Bh tee Nala Sy stat gle
ANRARIT EF cya sla pale
poles ie SMG Aa) Gt Ba bt le ae
LOPE assed Nye TL Sn pl le See)
iS The Dileep Same NF gh lle deal
SARS ae er ND pba My LaLa
Be Sia Ole Sealand Tce le pate
alee Up hh lle OTF p88)
ciel Jaa Barge ano St latne NARN/IT IT
SANTO jens lly SH GV le lp Be pie
ns Bla ag le ib Ulett
sores
AS ool tb ble pany
hae 9 iam a
Fle Sle!
pIILS iI pty se eee lS lial
Bl tleis OF iS hee ae WIA 8)
Shy eos ST ya Sh shay she Ms
wile ele JH ee il gett ebay eg
PEL MES po Spek 9 EE GES pl ote slat
cpa S) colgaige Obes yy Sls eda yo Ppa
se LAAT paged oS ye oS
Je ab tb pale LES 5 OTE AT Ge
CB ay ae oe oul 2 Qual S ie gett LS
pplSet ag pay cles wSUstoggh 9 Say Oy
wel
1. Dictionary of senifeBiogrply
ay Le pee LS 2 ot 53 Sly alder ES psy
GANFFO adh og SIVA cia cul Sigg oF PTY
ae deel pee ine
LOW AR ea en
eR TE
Le Dae —) what
week ad ame lel pe slats I
Sol GIS Gh parle pj ud pat
Shp gee sad) Dbgh Leg baste y ye poe ed
22 9 sah 8 Ee (Gale asl s Jase seme
set AS yo She ley ay ps 9 ls SbF BS, pS
ele OT AbeJit Gils yet all ap
| gp olanl pa SE
oh cables ae) cot
(ete de
(alee ef
Stedi Noles ye
haa yA yoke clad
Shgcak db ys
A oat le tl eh Sl
Land wh age gel al db abl AT Ge oh
3 GAY GHITN) cy (Sea 6 y 2p JETTA aye
iy Las yl Be
ses HIST.
seg SL elie bat
Dalal ptt oly BL 4 bol
Lake yOlpe de o ySl leu garg bees
ols cod ye he Ob pS Gly lle
Be ticles
(Lealan salle Sl 5)
BM ena ged Marke tat pane slg a dla oS pal
Gal Labo peat ty 29,57 or 9 pth slale Ul
Bee et A Shar ety a le NL
ape valli oS GILLI ce Jah So oS
le ge glee ge I alisha
chef pte gh CIS2 ih
GS oe oul yp le
Od ele
Scpeaiy) Aha tay 8 ol eee
setheb Syl tov ge Veet
VV ye) gD get Hanya oT 52 yy lesen
sie OLsl sl dha ye CES ul Doped popes
Cos) ihe Sal se Sind aol
wT Heyl Gul bee
ENV Jie) og pigt Be cal ese Sil
By al outa ree OES ont STL
Bee dyad Olly Ulta Sy ceil je
seyret
vay