Parallel Products
Bob Pasma
www.parallelproducts.com
Amidst the seemingly endless drama attributable to the legislative or regulatory battle de jour and
the ever increasing din of misleading advertising funded by the incumbent energy industry, one
might be forgiven for losing sight of the fact that ethanol is still a business. So, while not ignoring
the policy issues that will most certainly continue to shape the industrys trajectory in 2016 and
beyond, this years Outlook responds to a collective desire to return to the business of ethanol
one that has revitalized rural communities, created jobs in production, processing and marketing
across the country, and provided consumer savings at the pump.
The politics of ethanol may be rooted in its renewable, home-grown, and clean burning
characteristics. But the business of ethanol is rooted in octane. The world motor fuel market is
short on octane, and ethanol is the lowest-cost source of octane available. Moreover, future growth
in the industry is quite likely tied directly to automaker efforts to meet increasingly stringent fuel
economy standards with higher compression ratio engines that will require even higher octane fuels.
So understanding the octane benefits of ethanol, particularly when compared to potential
competitors in the market, is critical to an appreciation for future challenges and opportunities
facing the U.S. ethanol industry. These pages will provide an octane primer, along with a review of
ethanols place in the market today.
While 2015 was a far cry from 2014 in terms of profitability, last year was still another solid year
of growth in the face of falling oil prices and policy instability. Indeed, in November, the industry
hit the phenomenal production milestone of 1 million barrels per day! Thats the equivalent of 15.3
billion gallons on an annualized basis. The industry also saw DuPont open the worlds largest
cellulosic ethanol production facility in Nevada, Iowa. Congratulations!
The industrys commercial success only added to the frustration when EPA, on November 30,
finalized an RFS rule that adopted the oil companies narrative about the blend wall and reduced
the 2016 RFS obligation for undifferentiated biofuels (corn ethanol) to 14.5 billion gallons, 800
million gallons less than our demonstrated production capability. Of course, the number was not
the main issue. What EPAs rule really did was to fatally undermine the ability of the RFSs credit
trading mechanism (RINs) to incentivize investment in the new technologies or infrastructure that
is necessary to fuel further market expansion. That is a drama that will most certainly continue to
impact the legislative, regulatory, legal, and marketplace reality throughout 2016. Stay tuned.
In the meanwhile, enjoy this years Outlook, the U.S. ethanol industrys most trusted and cited
resource for the facts and trends driving the industry forward this year in high octane fashion.
Sincerely,
new technologies.
for whatever challenges might arise in the new year, and poised
14,700
16,000
13,293
14,000
ME
WA
VT
ND
IL
KY
MO
KS
10,000
VA
8,000
6,521
GA
MS
AL
LA
TX
DE
SC
AR
OK
DC
NC
TN
NM
CT
RI
NJ
MD
WV
IN
10,938
PA
12,000
9,309
CO
MA
NY
IA
CA
AZ
MI
OH
NE
UT
WI
SD
WY
NV
NH
MN
ID
6,000
4,884
FL
3,404
3,904
4,000
2,140
1,765
1,622
1,465
1,405
1,288
1,088
1,358
1,289
1,154
985
866
848
843
831
712
510
415
175
215
350
617
819
2,000
0
2015*
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
*Estimated
Million Gallons
MT
OR
13,218
13,929
13,298
14,313
Production Facilities
(Million Gallons/Year)
Production
Capacity
Iowa
Operating
Production
Under
Construction/
Expansion
-
Installed
Ethanol
Biorefineries
Operating
Ethanol
Biorefineries
Biorefineries
Under
Constr./
Expansion
3,947
44
42
Total
3,947
3,921
Nebraska
2,119
2,066
2,119
26
24
Illinois
1,635
1,597
157
1,792
15
14
Minnesota
1,190
1,172
1,190
22
21
Indiana
1,163
1,163
1,163
14
14
South Dakota
1,032
1,032
1,032
15
15
552
502
552
13
11
Kansas
Wisconsin
537
537
542
Ohio
528
528
528
North Dakota
465
465
465
Texas
390
390
390
Michigan
273
273
273
Missouri
271
256
271
Tennessee
225
225
225
California
223
218
223
New York
169
169
169
Oregon
150
42
150
Colorado
127
127
127
Georgia
120
120
120
Pennsylvania
110
110
110
Idaho
60
60
60
North Carolina
60
60
Virginia
60
60
Mississippi
54
54
54
Arizona
50
50
50
Kentucky
36
36
36
New Mexico
30
30
Wyoming
10
10
Florida
15,594
15,113
162
214
199
TOTAL U.S.
15,756
HOMEGROWN HORSEPOWER
Most of the benefits associated with using ethanolfrom
Difference Between Regular (87) and Premium (93) Retail Gasoline Price
$1.20
$1.00
$0.80
$0.60
$0.40
$0.20
$5.00
$4.00
$/Gallon
$3.00
$2.00
$1.00
Benzene
Source: Bloomberg and Thomson-Reuters
Toluene
Ethanol
Oct-15
Jul-15
Apr-15
Jan-15
Oct-14
Jul-14
Apr-14
Jan-14
Oct-13
Jul-13
Apr-13
Jan-13
Oct-12
Jul-12
Apr-12
Jan-12
$-
Nov-15
Jul-15
Sep-15
May-15
Jan-15
Mar-15
Nov-14
Jul-14
Sep-14
May-14
Jan-14
Mar-14
Nov-13
Jul-13
Sep-13
May-13
Jan-13
Mar-13
$0.00
Octane Rating
110
110
105
100
101
95
90
92
103
104
113
115
106
Premium
Grade
Gasoline (93)
94
Regular
Grade
Gasoline (87)
85
80
84
75
70
Gasoline n-Butane Alkylate
Blendstock
Benzene
Toluene
TAME
Xylene
MTBE
Ethanol
Methanol
sources.
promising strategy has risen to the top: using high octane fuels
105
Octane Number
100
95
90
85
80
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Source: RON, MON from Chupka et al. (2015); AKI based on R+M/2
2%
1%
1%
1%
2%
3%
5%
Brazilian Ethanol
U.S. Ethanol
(FOB Chicago)
Difference
U.S. Dollar/Gallon
2010
$2.82
$1.83
$(0.99)
2011
$3.37
$2.56
$(0.81)
2012
$2.40
$2.24
$(0.16)
2013
$2.34
$2.23
$(0.11)
2014
$2.28
$2.04
$(0.24)
2015
$1.81
$1.52
$(0.29)
MILLION GALLONS
800
600
400
200
0
200
400
600
EXPORTS
IMPORTS
2015*
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
800
NET EXPORTS
*Estimated
* Estimated
Sources: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Statistics
China 8%
Tunisia 3%
Mexico 4%
India 6%
South Korea 8%
Philippines 8%
Brazil 15%
Sources: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Statistics
Based on Jan.-Nov. 2015
35,000
30,000
25,000
pass through the process. These nutrient-dense coproducts are fed to beef cattle, dairy cows, swine,
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
Distillers Grains
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
0
2000
United States. Over the past decade, the ethanol industry has
* Estimated
Source: RFA analysis of U.S. Dept. of Agriculture data
Note: All distillers grains converted to 10% moisture basis.
Modified Wet
Distillers
Grains, 10%
Dried Distillers
Grains
w/Solubles, 46%
Condensed
Distillers
Solubles
(Syrup),
4%
Wet Distillers
Grains, 30%
Dried
Distillers
Grains, 10%
Other,
1%
Swine, 15%
10
12,500
12,000
11,500
11,000
10,500
10,000
9,500
9,000
8,500
7,500
7,000
6,500
6,000
5,500
5,000
4,500
4,000
3,500
3,000
8,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2015*
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
* Estimated
Sources: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Statistics
2010
Ethanol Industry
2016 ETHANOL
INDUSTRYOUTLOOK
OUTLOOK 11
come by.
closely behind.
12
Somewhat
Satisfied, 26%
Very or
Extremely
Satisfied, 66%
Other, 8%
MILLION DOLLARS
$40,000
$35,000
$30,000
$25,000
Co-products
$20,000
Ethanol
$15,000
$10,000
2015*
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
$0
2000
$5,000
* Estimated
Source: RFA calculations based on U.S. Dept. of Agriculture data
President Bush was right: the RFS has had a dramatic impact on
The plunge in oil prices has given some the false impression that
George W. Bush signed into law the bill establishing the RFS,
will become harder to find and extract in the future. Our leaders
14
62%
60
50
54%
60%
56%
53%
49%
40
34%
32%
30
20
27%
25%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015*
527
500
462
400
300
200
137
100
62
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015*
* Estimated
Ethanol Production
Million Gallons
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
2015*
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
* Estimated
Source: RFA based on U.S. Dept. of Energy data
since 2005, the year RFS was adopted. Further, the world
food price index in 2015 fell to its lowest point since the global
0%
10%
20%
17%
Source: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture
16
30%
40%
50%
60%
83%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Just as ethanol demand isnt the only driver of corn prices, the
cost of corn and other feed commodities isnt the only driver of
9,477
9,431
1999
9,233
9,503
1992
9,915
8,000
2001
10,051
2000
9,759
10,089
1994
2006
2003
10,780
10,531
2012
11,807
11,112
9,000
1996
1998
2005
2004
2008
2014
2015
7,000
2015
2014
2013
2011
2012
2010
2009
2007
2008
2006
2005
2004
2003
2001
2002
12,360
10,000
0
2000
12,092
Million Bushels
2011
$30
13,038
50
12,447
$60
11,000
2010
100
12,000
2007
$90
13,000
13,601
150
14,000
13,110
$120
2009
200
15,000
14,216
$150
13,829
250
2013
* Estimated
Source: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture
Source: United Nations Food & Agriculture Org. and U.S. Dept. of Energy
16,000
9%
8%
14,000
7%
12,000
6%
10,000
5%
8,000
4%
6,000
3%
2014
2015*
2012
2010
2008
2006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1994
1996
1992
1990
1988
0%
1984
2,000
1986
1%
1982
4,000
1980
2%
* Estimated
Source: U.S. Dept. of Labor and RFA
10 YEARS OF SUCCESS
The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) celebrated its 10th
farm economy.
across the country have benefited from the job creation, tax
revenue, and household income that stem from the construction
and operation of a biorefinery.
Statutory
15.00
15.00
14.05
14.00
13.61
14.50
14.40
14.50
Billion Gallons
Final RVO
15.00
13.50
Given the unmitigated success of the RFS over the past decade,
14.00
13.40
13.25
13.00
12.50
12.00
2015
2016
Final RVO
Statutory
8.00
7.25
Billion Gallons
7.00
6.00
5.50
5.00
3.75
4.00
3.00
3.61
2.90 2.88
2.68
3.40
2.67
2.00
1.00
0
2014
2015
18
2016
Total
Advanced
Biofuel
Cellulosic
Biofuel
BiomassBased
Diesel*
Other
Advanced
Biofuel
Conventional
Renewable
Fuel
2008
9.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.00
2009
11.10
0.60
0.00
0.50
0.10
10.50
2010
12.95
0.95
0.10
0.65
0.20
12.00
2011
13.95
1.35
0.25
0.80
0.30
12.60
2012
15.20
2.00
0.50
1.00
0.50
13.20
2013
16.55
2.75
1.00
1.00
0.75
13.80
2014
18.15
3.75
1.75
1.00
1.00
14.40
2015
20.50
5.50
3.00
1.00
1.50
15.00
2016
22.25
7.25
4.25
1.00
2.00
15.00
2017
24.00
9.00
5.50
1.00
2.50
15.00
2018
26.00
11.00
7.00
1.00
3.00
15.00
2019
28.00
13.00
8.50
1.00
3.50
15.00
2020
30.00
15.00
10.50
1.00
3.50
15.00
2021
33.00
18.00
13.50
1.00
3.50
15.00
2022
36.00
21.00
16.00
1.00
4.00
15.00
approves the use of E15 in all vehicles built since 2001 (about
Over the past three years, E15 has proven itself as a safe,
economical, and popular alternative to gasoline. Contrary
to Big Oils claims, not a single verifiable case of engine
20
Source: RFA
2012
2013
2014
2015
MY
2012
MY
2013
MY
2014
MY
2015
MY
2016
Audi
BMW/MINI
Fiat-Chrysler Automobiles (FCA Group)
Chrysler
Dodge*
Fiat
Jeep
Ram
Ford Motor Company
Ford*
Lincoln
General Motors Company
Chevrolet
Buick
Cadillac
GMC
Honda Motor Company
Honda
Acura
Hyundai
Jaguar
Kia Motors
Land Rover
Mazda
Mercedes-Benz
Nissan Motor Company
Nissan
Infiniti
Porsche
Subaru
Toyota Motor Corporation
Toyota
Lexus
=25 Pumps
Source: RFA based on U.S. Dept. of Agriculture data
Scion
Volkswagen
Volvo
All Others
*Except Dodge Viper and Ford F-650/F-750
Source: RFA based on information from manufacturers
consumers have the ability to choose E85 and other flex fuels
This allows them to cut out the middle man and ensure
infrastructure.
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
$-
$0.20
$0.40
$0.60
$0.80
$1.00
$1.20
22
3,316
3,000
2,472
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
37
1995
113
2000
436
2005
2010
2015
($/gal.)
Blender buys 1 gallon of ethanol (with a RIN attached)
$1.50
$1.00
($/gal.)
Blender mixes 0.83 gallon of ethanol...
$1.25
$0.17
$1.42
($/gal.)
Blender detaches 0.83 RIN credit from ethanol and
sells it to obligated party
$0.58
($/gal.)
Gross cost to produce E85
$1.42
$(0.47)
$0.95
*Example assumes
RIN price is $0.70
Source: RFA
2016 ETHANOL INDUSTRY OUTLOOK 23
ETHANOLS EVOLUTION
Generation 1.5: Energy Through Synergy
For years, ethanol producers have suggested that the next
generation of biofuels and bioproducts will not be produced
exclusively by new, stand-alone, greenfield facilities. Rather,
they believed that conventional ethanol plants would be
amongst the first producers of advanced and cellulosic biofuels
via the adoption of synergistic bolt-on technologies. This
vision became reality in 2015, as numerous corn ethanol plants
worked to install or start up new processes allowing onsite
production of everything from cellulosic ethanol to zein protein
to renewable diesel.
24
Million RINs
120
100
80
60
33.42
40
20
0.22
0.82
full capacity.
grams CO2e/megajoule
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
29.5
21.6
23.4
10
0
Corn Stover
Ethanol
Gasoline
Abengoa
California
POET-DSM
Source: California Air Resources Board
efficiency.
dioxide in 2015.
are doing more with less. Natural gas and electricity use at dry
mill ethanol plants has fallen nearly 40% since 1995, while
168.4
160
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
91.0
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Bushels/Acre
150
26
1995
2015
% Change
2.55
2.83
11%
2.50
2.61
4%
2.52
2.81
12%
BTU/gal. ethanol
37,000
23,862
-36%
kWh/gal. ethanol
1.20
0.75
-38%
5.5
2.7
-51%
bushels/acre
113.5
168.4
48%
Corn Production
million bushels
7,400
13,601
84%
pounds/bushel
1.15
0.83
-28%
gals./acre
286
473
65%
Million Acres
400
395
390
402
398
392
384
385
380
380
378
379
2013
2014
2015
375
370
365
2007 2010 2011
(Baseline)
2012
pushed out of the state due to its assigned CI score and the
but not for any other fuelsthe scales are wrongly tipped
28
OREGON CFP
CALIFORNIA LCFS
100
95
95.7
CI Score (g CO2e/MJ)
CI Score (g CO2e/MJ)
95
90
100.8
100
95.9
85
80
75
76.0
70
65
89.4
90
85
80
75
No ILUC Included
70
65
60
2009
Original LCFS
60
2015
Re-adopted LCFS
Gasoline
With ILUC
68.4
69.9
2012
CFP-Phase 1
2015
CFP-Phase 2
Gasoline
Other
1,400,000
Electricity
1,200,000
1,000,000
Biogas
800,000
Renewable Diesel
600,000
Biodiesel
400,000
Sugarcane Ethanol
200,000
0
Grain Ethanol
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Q1 Q2 Q3
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
30
Navigating the
Regulatory Landscape
Nearly every facet of the ethanol industryfrom
production at the facility to consumption in the
vehicleis affected by a plethora of federal
and state regulations. Ethanol producers face a
multitude of registration, reporting, recordkeeping,
and compliance requirements, and the regulatory
landscape is constantly changing and is becoming
more complex. Providing analyses of important
regulations and technical issues has long been
a hallmark of the RFA, and we strive to ensure
our member companies know exactly how their
operationsand industrywill be affected by new,
pending, or amended regulations. On behalf of
its members, RFA staff frequently interacts with the
following regulatory bodies (among others):
Alcohol Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
Occupational Safety & Health Administration
(OSHA)
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC)
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
HEADQUARTERS
Bob Dinneen
Lauren Davie
HR Manager
Christopher Findlay
Communications Manager
Mary Giglio
Communications Director
Luke Lawal
Samantha Slater
Matt Stuckey
IT Director
tion & use of fuel ethanol and its co-products and to raise
awareness of the benefits of renewable fuels. Our expertise, advocacy and member services focus on these areas:
PUBLIC POLICY & REGULATION
FUEL ETHANOL TECHNICAL ISSUES
TRADE POLICY & EXPORT PROMOTION
SAFETY TRAINING & EMERGENCY RESPONSE
U.S. MARKET DEVELOPMENT
RESEARCH & ANALYSIS
MIDWEST STAFF
Geoff Cooper
Kelly Davis
Ann Lewis
Research Analyst
Missy Ruff
Robert White
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Mike Jerke
Chairman
Guardian Energy, LLC
Bob Sather
Vice Chairman
Ace Ethanol LLC
Neil Koehler
Treasurer
Pacific Ethanol Inc.
Bob Dinneen
President
Renewable Fuels Association
ASSOCIATE MEMBERS
AgMotion, Inc.
www.agmotion.com
Gavilon, LLC
www.gavilon.com
GROWMARK, Inc.
www.growmark.com
PhibroChem
www.phibrochem.com
Leaf Technologies
www.leaftechnologies.com
CoBank
www.cobank.com
COFCO
www.cofco.com/en
CSX Transportation
www.csx.com
Eco-Energy, Inc.
www.eco-energy.com
Emerald Foam Control, LLC
www.emeraldmaterials.com
ERI Solutions Inc.
www.erisolutions.com
Fagen, Inc.
www.fageninc.com
Farm Credit Services of America
www.fcsamerica.com
Fluid Quip Process Technologies, LLC
www.fluidquip.com
Hydro-Klean LLC
www.hydro-klean.com
ICM, Inc.
www.icminc.com
Illinois Corn Marketing Board
www.ilcorn.org
Monsanto Co.
www.monsanto.com
Syngenta
www.syngenta.com
Murex LLC
www.murexltd.com
Nalco Co.
www.nalco.com
SUPPORTING MEMBERS
Agriculture Retailers Association
www.aradc.org
Morton College
www.morton.edu
Renew Kansas
www.renewkansas.com
South Dakota Corn Growers Association
www.sdcorn.org
Southeastern Illinois College
www.sic.edu
Steele-Waseca Cooperative Electric
www.swce.coop
Sugar Processing Research Institute
www.spriinc.org
Location
State
Feedstock
Production
Capacity
(mgy)
Operating
Production
(mgy)
Aberdeen
SD
Corn
55
55
Huron
SD
Corn
32
32
Hugoton
KS
Cellulosic Biomass
25
Colwich
KS
Corn/Sorghum
25
Portales
NM
Corn/Sorghum
30
York
NE
Corn
56
56
Madison
IL
Corn
90
90
Mt. Vernon
IN
Corn
90
90
Ravenna
NE
Corn
90
90
St. Ansgar
IA
Corn
115
115
Company
Stanley
WI
Corn
48
48
Lena
IL
Corn
52
52
Aemetis
Keyes
CA
Corn/Sorghum
60
60
Claremont
MN
Corn
50
50
Cedar Rapids
IA
Corn
300
300
Cedar Rapids
IA
Corn
240
240
Clinton
IA
Corn
238
238
Columbus
NE
Corn
100
100
Columbus
NE
Corn
313
313
Decatur
IL
Corn
300
300
Marshall
MN
Corn
40
40
Peoria
IL
Corn
185
185
Liberal
KS
Corn
110
110
Monroe
WI
Corn
57
57
Boyceville
WI
Corn
57
57
Galva
IL
Corn
110
110
W. Burlington
IA
Corn
105
105
Dyersville
IA
Corn
110
110
Underwood
ND
Corn
65
65
Garden City
KS
Corn/Sorghum
55
55
Bridgeport
NE
Corn
50
50
Buffalo Lake
MN
Corn
18
Atwater
MN
Corn
65
65
Pixley
CA
Corn
55
55
Woodbury
MI
Corn
55
55
Cardinal Ethanol
Union City
IN
Corn
100
100
Cargill, Inc.
Blair
NE
Corn
210
210
Cargill, Inc.
Eddyville
IA
Corn
35
35
Cargill, Inc.
115
Bridgeport Ethanol
Buffalo Lake Advanced Biofuels, LLC
Bushmills Ethanol Inc.
Calgren Renewable Fuels LLC
Ft. Dodge
IA
Corn
115
Sauget
IL
Corn
54
54
Marion
IN
Corn
55
55
Little Falls
MN
Corn
22
22
Hastings
NE
Corn
70
70
Benson
MN
Corn
50
50
Annawan
IL
Corn
125
125
133
CHS Inc.
CHS Inc.
Columbia Pacific Bio-Refinery
Rochelle
IL
Corn
133
Clatskanie
OR
Corn
108
Hopkinsville
KY
Corn
33
33
Winnebago
MN
Corn
49
49
Corn, LP
Goldfield
IA
Corn
60
60
Lexington
NE
Corn
50
50
Wentworth
SD
Corn
48
48
Spiritwood
ND
Corn
65
65
Morris
MN
Corn
24
24
Under
Construction/
Expansion
Capacity
(mgy)
Company
Location
State
Feedstock
Production
Capacity
(mgy)
Operating
Production
(mgy)
Diamond Ethanol
Levelland
TX
Corn
40
40
Cambria
WI
Corn
50
50
Greenwood
WI
Cheese Whey
Nevada
IA
Cellulosic Biomass
30
30
Adams
NE
Corn
50
50
Garnett
KS
Corn
42
42
Norfolk
NE
Corn
45
45
Vicksburg
MS
Corn
54
54
Leoti
KS
Seed Corn
Blairstown
IA
Cellulosic Biomass
Arthur
IA
Corn
120
Camilla
GA
Corn
120
120
Fairbank
IA
Corn
120
120
Fairmont
NE
Corn
120
120
Iowa Falls
IA
Corn
100
100
120
Menlo
IA
Corn
120
120
Shell Rock
IA
Corn
120
120
Oshkosh
WI
Corn
50
50
Windsor
CO
Corn
40
40
Gevo
Luverne
MN
Corn
22
22
Watertown
SD
Corn
110
110
110
Mina
SD
Corn
110
Corona
CA
Cheese Whey
Mason City
IA
Corn
115
Craig
MO
Corn
20
Muscatine
IA
Corn
20
20
115
Washington
IN
Corn
20
20
Granite Falls
MN
Corn
52
52
Atkinson
NE
Corn
53
53
Bluffton
IN
Corn
120
120
Central City
NE
Corn
106
106
Fairmont
MN
Corn
119
119
Hereford
TX
Corn
110
110
Hopewell
VA
Corn
60
Lakota
IA
Corn
112
112
Obion
TN
Corn
120
120
Ord
NE
Corn
55
55
Fergus Falls
MN
Corn
60
60
Riga
MI
Corn
60
60
Shenandoah
IA
Corn
69
69
Superior
IA
Corn
60
60
Wood River
NE
Corn
121
121
Janesville
MN
Corn
110
110
Lima
OH
Corn
54
54
Hankinson
ND
Corn
132
132
Winthrop
MN
Corn
100
100
Heron Lake
MN
Corn
59
59
Lamberton
MN
Corn
58
58
Lawler
IA
Corn
100
100
Plainview
NE
Corn
75
75
Pekin
IL
Corn
90
90
Vero Beach
FL
Cellulosic Biomass
Rensselaer
IN
Corn
50
50
Minden
NE
Corn
59
59
Lyons
KS
Corn
60
60
Melrose
MN
Cheese Whey
Under
Construction/
Expansion
Capacity
(mgy)
Company
LifeLine Foods, LLC
Location
State
Feedstock
Production
Capacity
(mgy)
Operating
Production
(mgy)
St. Joseph
MO
Corn
50
50
Palestine
IL
Corn
48
48
Nevada
IA
Corn
55
55
Marcus
IA
Corn
92
92
Grand Junction
IA
Corn
100
100
150
150
Benton
IL
Corn/Sorghum
Hennepin
IL
Corn
Necedah
WI
Corn
60
60
Marysville
MI
Corn
50
50
Aurora
CO
Brewery Waste
Madrid
NE
Corn
44
44
Malta Bend
MO
Corn
50
50
Sutherland
NE
Corn
28
Cambridge
NE
Corn
44
Scandia
KS
Corn
21
21
South Bend
IN
Corn
102
102
44
Marion
SD
Corn
110
110
Gibson City
IL
Corn
100
100
Aurora
NE
Corn
45
45
Aurora
NE
Corn
110
110
Boardman
OR
Corn
40
40
Burley
ID
Corn
60
60
Canton
IL
Corn
38
Madera
CA
Corn/Sorghum
40
40
Pekin
IL
Corn
100
100
Pekin
IL
Corn
60
60
Stockton
CA
Corn/Sorghum
60
60
Parallel Products
Louisville
KY
Beverage Waste
Parallel Products
R. Cucamonga
CA
Beverage Waste
Cedar Rapids
IA
Corn
45
45
Clearfield
PA
Corn
110
110
Maricopa
AZ
Corn
50
50
Steamboat Rock
IA
Corn
30
30
Merrill
IA
Corn
50
50
Alexandria
IN
Corn
68
68
Ashton
IA
Corn
56
56
Big Stone
SD
Corn
79
79
Bingham Lake
MN
Corn
35
35
Caro
MI
Corn
53
53
Chancellor
SD
Corn
110
110
Cloverdale
IN
Corn
92
92
Coon Rapids
IA
Corn
54
54
Corning
IA
Corn
65
65
Emmetsburg
IA
Corn
55
55
Fostoria
OH
Corn
68
68
Albert Lea
MN
Corn
42
42
Gowrie
IA
Corn
69
69
Groton
SD
Corn
53
53
Hanlontown
IA
Corn
56
56
Hudson
SD
Corn
56
56
Jewell
IA
Corn
69
69
Laddonia
MO
Corn
50
50
Lake Crystal
MN
Corn
56
56
Leipsic
OH
Corn
68
68
Macon
MO
Corn
46
46
Marion
OH
Corn
68
68
Under
Construction/
Expansion
Capacity
(mgy)
150
Company
POET Biorefining - Mitchell
Location
State
Feedstock
Production
Capacity
(mgy)
Operating
Production
(mgy)
Mitchell
SD
Corn
68
68
North Manchester
IN
Corn
68
68
Portland
IN
Corn
68
68
Preston
MN
Corn
46
46
Scotland
SD
Corn
11
11
Phillipsburg
KS
Corn
40
40
Pratt
KS
Corn
55
55
Emmetsburg
IA
Cellulosic Biomass
20
Galva
IA
Corn/Cellulosic Biomass
37
37
Rosholt
SD
Corn
25
25
Richardton
ND
Corn
50
50
Redfield
SD
Corn
55
55
Garden City
KS
Corn/Sorghum
12
12
Carrollton
MO
Corn
55
55
Sioux Center
IA
Corn
60
60
Jackson
NE
Corn
50
50
Council Bluffs
IA
Corn
130
130
Reeve Agri-Energy
Show Me Ethanol, LLC
Siouxland Energy Cooperative
Siouxland Ethanol
Southwest Iowa Renewable Energy, LLC
Spectrum Business Ventures Inc
Sterling Ethanol LLC
Summit Natural Energy
Sunoco Ethanol
Tate & Lyle
Tharaldson Ethanol
The Andersons Albion Ethanol LLC
The Andersons Clymers Ethanol LLC
The Andersons Denison Ethanol LLC
Mead
NE
Corn
25
Sterling
CO
Corn
42
42
Cornelius
OR
Waste Sugars/Starch
Fulton
NY
Corn
114
114
Loudon
TN
Corn
105
105
Casselton
ND
Corn
153
153
Albion
MI
Corn
55
55
Clymers
IN
Corn
110
110
Denison
IA
Corn
55
55
Greenville
OH
Corn
110
110
Coshocton
OH
Corn
50
50
Trenton
NE
Corn
40
40
Raeford
NC
Corn/Tobacco
60
Milton
WI
Corn
47
Friesland
WI
Corn
58
58
Mount Vernon
IN
Corn
110
110
47
Albert City
IA
Corn
110
110
Albion
NE
Corn
110
110
Aurora
SD
Corn
110
110
Bloomingburg
OH
Corn
110
110
Charles City
IA
Corn
110
110
Fort Dodge
IA
Corn
110
110
Hartley
IA
Corn
110
110
Jefferson
WI
Corn
110
110
Linden
IN
Corn
110
110
Welcome
MN
Corn
110
110
Medina
NY
Corn
55
55
Campus
KS
Corn
50
50
White Energy
Hereford
TX
Corn/Sorghum
120
120
White Energy
Plainview
TX
Corn
120
120
55
White Energy
Wyoming Ethanol
Yuma Ethanol
U.S. Totals
Under
Construction/
Expansion
Capacity
(mgy)
Russell
KS
Sorghum/Wheat Starch
55
Torrington
WY
Corn
10
Yuma
CO
Corn
40
40
15,594
15,113
162
Headquarters
Washington, DC 20024
Suite 200
TEL: 202-289-3835
Ellisville, MO 63011
FAX: 202-289-7519
TEL: 636-594-2284
email: info@ethanolrfa.org
FAX: 636-594-2222
www.EthanolRFA.org
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